高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

⾼级英语第三版第⼆册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

Lesson One

1.And it is an activity only of humans.

And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.

2.Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.

3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.

4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in eachother’s private lives.

5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we calltheir meet beef.

7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own

language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of therulers.

8.English had come royally into its own.

English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.

9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.

The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The workingpeople often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)

10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.

11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “

There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for thingsthey are supposed to represent.

a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything

that deserves the name of conversation.

不管动物之间的交流⽅式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning

in conversation.

争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的⽬的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从⼩就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧⾥的闲聊别有韵味。d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it ,

it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.

我不记得是什么使得我的⼀个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当⾃然地插⼊到了交谈中。e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for

“English as it should be spoken .”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。f.Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the

Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.

词语本⾝并不是现实。正如诺曼底⼈讲的英格鲁--法语⼀样，标准英语是⼀个阶层⽤来表达现实的形式。g.Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change

from below.

或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从⽽拒绝来⾃下层的变化。h.There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing ,

or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.

如果⼀个⼈说出的话就像写出来的⽂字，或者试图使⽤那些创作书⾯散⽂的⽂字，那么没有⽐这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。i.When E.M. Forster writes of “ the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase , the

force and even terror in the image.

当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其⽤语之⽣动及由其所产⽣的⽣动有⼒，甚⾄可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。j.There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meeting of “ the King’sEnglish.”

那天晚上如果我们⽴刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第⼆天晚上的谈话了。Lesson Two

1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted andabandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.

2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.

All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in thecolonies as human beings).

3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of thegraveyard.

They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.

4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.