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2018届高考语法专项形容词和副词1．形容词后缀(1)－able：①v.＋able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable 等。
②n.＋able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable 等。
(2)－ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible 等。
(3)－al: international, mental, medical, natural, general 等。
(4)－ant或－ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent 等。
(5)－ed或－ing：interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing 等。
(6)－en：wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken 等。
(7)－ern：eastern, southern, western, northern 等。
(8)－ful：①n.＋ful：colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。
②v.＋ful：forgetful, careful等。
(9)－less：fearless, harmless, useless, helpless 等。
(10)－ly：friendly, lovely, daily, weekly 等。
(11)n./v.＋(i)ous：curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。
(12)－some：handsome, troublesome, tiresome 等。
(13)n.＋－y：funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。
2．形容词前缀(1)un－：unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary 等。
专题三形容词和副词高考中，对该部分的考查主要集中在形容词和副词的基本用法、构词法知识和比较等级等方面。
考点1形容词和副词的基本用法形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征，在句中作定语、表语、宾语、补语。
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子等，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
副词在句中主要作状语，同时还要注意形容词和副词之间的转化。
形容词变副词规则：1．一般形容词在词尾加-ly。
clear－clearly great－greatly mad－madly slow－slowly2．以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，常常把y改为i再加-ly构成副词。
happy－happily easy－easily heavy－heavily3．词尾为-le 的形容词，通常去掉e，再加-y。
gentle－gently simple－simply4．词尾为-ue的形容词，通常去掉e再加-ly。
true－truly due－duly5．词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y。
dull－dully full－fully(2015·安徽高考)There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.世界各地都有特别多的蚂蚁。
[易错警示]对于形容词与副词的考查多是关于词形的变化，因此要根据它在句中的作用来判断用形容词还是副词形式。
对于形容词变为副词的规则要牢记，这样才能保证答案准确无误。
同时也要根据上下文判断是否要变成反义词，这时需要在词根前加an-，im，in，dis等。
考点2形容词和副词的比较等级1．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成(1)形容词比较级和最高级①大多数以-ly结尾的副词在其前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。
quickly－more quickly－most quicklycarefully－more carefully－most carefully②单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。
专题03形容词和副词全国各地历年高考真题全收录—形容词和副词1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.答案：eventually解析：考查副词。
句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。
设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually 作状语，修饰动词achieve。
故填eventually。
2（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).答案：meaningful解析：考查形容词。
句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。
此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。
故填meaningful。
3（2022全国甲卷）and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.答案：highest解析：考查形容词最高级。
句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。
根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。
故填highest。
4（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.答案：largest解析：考查形容词最高级。
专题三形容词和副词(+阅读理解+短文改错+书面表达)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2018河北保定二模)(good) still,the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain,making it suitable for farming.答案Better2.(2018青海西宁二模)(actual),children learn violent behavior from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet.答案Actually3.(2018山东济南二模)We are now thinking about development,allowing the paintings to be more (create).答案creative4.(2018重庆三模) The recycling we’ve planned is simply a three-partprogram:sorting,collecting and delivering.The first part-sorting is also the(hard) one.答案hardest5.(2018湖北武汉二模)When she woke up the next morning,she stepped on the scale.She couldn’t wait to see how (success) her diet had been.答案successful6.(2018贵州贵阳二模)Many visitors came to the exposition.,few people visited Hans’ stall.Hans was very worried about this.答案However7.(2018福建福州适应性练习)Chinese oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users,thanks to a person who made them(close) to people’s life than before.答案closer8.(2018辽宁沈阳二模)It was also popular to decorate bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason.The (well) known of this is the Lugouqiao (also as Marco Polo Bridge),built from 1189 to 1192.答案best9.(2018四川雅安三模) Perhaps Hawking was not the (great) physicist of his time,but in cosmology he was a towering figure.答案greatest10.(2018内蒙古赤峰模拟)It’s much (easy) to look at someone “up there” and be jealous of what they have than to be happy for them and make yours better.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018湖北黄冈中学三模)I thought I could repair it so that by the following day,it would be so good as a new one.2.(2018青海西宁二模)He tries various ways to make his class lively and interestingly.3.(2018重庆三模) She is well at studying and playing the piano,but bad at dancing.4.(2018山东烟台二模)The Compendium of Materia Medica,which he spent nearly thirty years on,was the more famous among his works.5.(2018贵州贵阳二模) As I started laughing,Mom asked confused,“What’s wrong?”6.However,the UN has made it clearly since 2011 that the Internet,which should be accessible to everyone,is a human right.7.(2018西安八校联考)On the contrary,I should pay more attention to the relative poor students.I think they need more help from the teacher like a friend.8.(2018四川绵阳三模)Although the climate and landscape are pleased,people led a tough life there.9.(2018广西桂林、百色、崇左第三次联考) Last month,I opened the window of our basement to let fresh air in.Several days late,I shut it for safe.10.(2018内蒙古赤峰模拟)Many restaurants have “take out” service.But this restaurant in He lsinki,Finland,has become more famous for its special “take in” service.答案去掉moreB级能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018河北保定二模)Watching wooden dolls come to life may not be one of the most popular forms of entertainment today,but with over twenty years’ experience,tal ented puppeteer(木偶表演者) Peter Roberts has earned himself the title “master puppeteer” because of his great ability to turn puppets into believable,almost living characters.“People are quite often surprised to hear what I do for living and have little appreciation of puppy as a form of entertainment.But while the exact origins of puppet theatre are unknown,it has been popular in many cultures and may have been the very first kind of theatre,” he explains.Roberts’ shows are highly original.“A puppet show can involve anything from clowning(傻逗) to storytelling,” he says.Equally diverse are the audiences he performs for.“Some are attracted by the puppets themselves,while others enjoy the dialogue.” Roberts believes that this form of entertainment can be appreciat ed by people of all ages and cultures.Roberts’ interest in puppets started when he received some beautiful glove puppets one Christmas.He started putting on shows with these for family and friends and then moved on to handmade Chinese string puppets.Learning mostly from books and personal experience,he explains,“I was already spending most of my free time carving puppets and putting on shows,so I hardly noticed the change from students to full-time professional puppeteer.”The puppets are designed specifically for each show,which is extremely time consuming.According to Roberts,“Sometimes what you expect and what you actually create in the end are two very different things.I’ve made some of my best puppets‘accidentally’.”When most people hear the word“puppetry”,they more than likely think of a wayof keeping children entertained at birthday parties.Certainly the subject matter will be expected to be light-hearted rather than serious.However,Roberts wants to pointout that puppets come serious messages sometimes.he says.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。
一、语法填空1．Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be ________(access) to the kids.【解析】句意：弗兰克把药放在一个顶部的抽屉里以确保孩子们够不到。
填入形容词aceessible，与上下文构成be accessible to，意为“可接近的，易到手的”，符合语境。
【答案】accessible2．In this lecture，I can only give you a purely ________(person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.【解析】句意：在本次讲座中，我只能就我们如何才能让自己的日子过得充实些给你们提供个人的观点，并就未来的发展提供一些建议。
根据语境分析，此空应该填入形容词修饰view，名词person的形容词形式为personal。
【答案】personal3．After climbing up the top of the mountains.the three of them sat there, ________(hunger) and tired.【解析】考查形容词作状语。
句意：爬上山顶之后，他们三个都坐在那儿，又饿又累。
根据语境分析，形容词短语在句中作伴随状语。
名词hunger的形容词形式为hungry。
【答案】hungry4．A friend of mine owns a ________(large) collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.【解析】句意：我的一位朋友拥有一个比较大的硬币收集册，比我所见过的其他人的都要大。
根据句中的than可知，设空处应该使用比较级，a larger collection of表示“一个更大的……收集册”。
专题03 形容词和副词 2018年高考题34. Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is _______ to invest in 【2018·江苏】sufficient training for his staff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. readyB【答案】【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。
句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的。
BC. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。
故选A. keen培训。
敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。
因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。
同渴望；toto连用。
be keen 时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。
本题中4个选择项中都可以与急于；be anxious tobe ready to乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。
be reluctant to不情愿做； 2017年高考题phones defeated _______r Steve Jobs' death ,smart –·江苏卷】29. Only five years afte【2017PCs in sales.D. conventional C. confidential A. controversial B. contradictory D【答案】考点：考查形容词的辨析【2017·江苏卷】34. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomicalincidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.A. alternativeB. aggressiveC. ambiguousD. apparentA 【答案】【解析】C.好斗的，有进取心的；A. alternative试题分析：考查形容词的辨析。
专题03 形容词和副词2018年高考题【2018·江苏】34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。
句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。
A. keen敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。
故选B。
点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。
因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。
同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。
本题中4个选择项中都可以与to连用。
be keen to渴望；be reluctant to不情愿做；be anxious to急于；be ready to乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。
2017年高考题【2017·江苏卷】29. Only five years afte r Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _______ PCs in sales.A. controversialB. contradictoryC. confidentialD. conventional 【答案】D考点：考查形容词的辨析【2017·江苏卷】34. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.A. alternativeB. aggressiveC. ambiguousD. apparent【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查形容词的辨析。
第3讲形容词和副词1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap，easy and it’s always energetic (energy)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle. 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful (success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly (fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 6．(2016·四川卷)At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！” Mom was grateful and moved (move)．7．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs (小树枝)which gradually (gradual)turned into chopsticks.8．(2016·四川卷)Chinese scientists recently (recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.9．(全国卷Ⅰ)Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean)than ever.10．(全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级1．形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化(1)一般在词尾加－er和－est。
一.单项填空1．—I have to say that his novel is not a bit interesting.How do you find it?—How come？It's ________ one that I have ever read.A．a less interesting B．a more interestingC．a most interesting D．the most interesting【答案】D【解析】“我不得不说他的小说一点儿也没有趣。
你觉得呢？”“怎么会？它是我看过的最有趣的一部小说。
”根据句意可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。
故答案为D。
2．Her husband's birthday is coming.After a long thought, she plans to buy a ________ wallet for him.A．black leather small B．small black leatherC．small leather black D．black small leather【答案】B【解析】她丈夫的生日要到了。
经过长时间考虑，她打算为他买个黑色的小皮夹。
根据多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词的排列规律“限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠”可知，B项正确。
3．He doesn't know anything about the matter; ________，he doesn't want to get involved.A．nevertheless B．besidesC．otherwise D．therefore【答案】B【解析】他对这件事毫不知情，再说，他不想卷入其中。
besides“而且，再说”，符合句意。
4．It was ________ of them to have sent the old people and children to safety in case the flood destroyed their village.A．tolerant B．considerateC．typical D．compulsory【答案】B5．Finally, the two brothers climbed up the last floor, ________.A．hungrily and tired B．hungrily and tiredlyC．hungry and tired D．hungry and tiredly【答案】C【解析】最后，兄弟俩爬上了最后一层，又饿又累。
此处用hungry and tired在句中作状语表状态，故选C项。
6．Celine Dion, who performed wonderfully at the Spring Festival Gala, is ________ as she was 15 years ago.A．as attractive a star B．as an attractive starC．attractive as a star D．as attractive star【答案】A【解析】Celine Dion在春节联欢晚会上表演得很精彩，她和15年前一样是一位具有吸引力的明星。
as和so/how一样，修饰可数名词单数时的顺序为“as＋形容词＋不定冠词＋可数名词单数”。
故选A。
7．According to the latest research, getting enough sleep is ________ to maintaining good health and reducing stress.A．essential B．promisingC．special D．sensible【答案】A【解析】最新的研究表明，足够的睡眠对保持健康和减少压力是必要的。
essential意为“必要的”，符合句意。
8．—How was your job interview?—Oh, I couldn't feel ________.I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.A．better B．easierC．worse D．happier【答案】C【解析】根据答语的第二句可推知回答者感觉“再糟糕不过了”，所以答案为C项。
9．Old batteries can't be thrown away ________ even when they are no longer useful, because they'll pollute the environment.A．casually B．partlyC．gradually D．immediately【答案】A10．It is difficult for children to change their eating habit later in life.________，parents should encourage healthy eating from an early age.A．Otherwise B．ThereforeC．Besides D．However【答案】B【解析】因为孩子的饮食习惯在以后的生活中很难改变，所以父母应在孩子小的时候就鼓励健康的饮食。
分析题干可知，句子前后为因果关系，所以选择B。
二、填空1．Club sports are less time-consuming than other athletic items，and you can________(easy)miss a practice or even a competition if your academic or work commitments are particularly demanding at a certain point.【答案】easily【解析】俱乐部运动会比其他运动项目耗时少，如果某个时候你的学业或学习任务特别需要专注的话，你就可能很容易失去训练或参赛的机会。
根据句子结构可知，修饰动词miss 须用副词。
2．He was very good-looking，with a very pleasant，sociable manner，and after the introductions，conversation flowed most ________(enjoy)in the little group.【答案】enjoyably3．Bingley was clearly most interested in Jane Bennet，and started talking particularly to her.Darcy，________，was just determining not to look at Elizabeth，when he suddenly noticed the stranger.【答案】however【解析】很明显，宾利对简·班奈特很感兴趣，于是开始谈话了。
然而，达西突然见到伊丽莎白，他只想不要看这个陌生人。
根据前后两个句子的意思可知，后一句与前一句表示相反的意思。
4．Of all living things，human beings are the ________(clever)．【答案】cleverest/most clever【解析】在所有的生物中，人类是最聪明的。
根据比较范围of all living things可知，此处有最高级意义，表示“最聪明的”。
5．There are ________(amaze) things in the world.【答案】amazing【解析】世界上有令人惊奇的事情。
修饰表示事物的名词things，说明其特性，故填-ing 式形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”。
6．It seems that she is ________(thin) than before.【答案】thinner【解析】她好像比以前瘦了。
由than可知本空填比较级，thin的比较级形式为thinner。
7．Practice some ________(relax) techniques before you go into a social situation.【答案】relaxing【解析】在你进入社交环境之前要练习放松技巧。
所填的词修饰表示事物的techniques，说明其特性，故用-ing式形容词relaxing“令人放松的”。
8．________(curious)，I gave him my full attention.【答案】Curiously【解析】很好奇，我给了他我全部的关注。
作状语，意为“好奇地”，说明主语的状态，故填副词Curiously。
9．There are ________(absolute) no trees anywhere，just low bushes and yellow and brown grass.【答案】absolutely【解析】那里各处完全没有树木，只有矮灌木及黄色和褐色的草。
此处修饰形容词no，故填副词，意为“绝对地”。
10．I'm really ________(surprise) too.【答案】surprised11．The ________(easy) of all ways is to spend less!【答案】easiest【解析】最简单的方法就是少花钱。
由句中的比较范围of all ways可知该句应用最高级形式，故此处填easiest。
12．One day，the egg hatched and a beautiful eagle was born.Sadly，________，the eagle was raised to be a chicken.【答案】however【解析】一天，蛋孵出来了，一只漂亮的鹰诞生了。
然而，可悲的是，这只鹰却被当做鸡养。
根据sadly及句意判断，所填词表示一种转折逻辑，而且空后有逗号，故用副词however“然而”。
13．________(obvious)，I was doing very badly.【答案】Obviously【解析】很明显，我做得的确很糟。
作句子状语，意为“明显地”，填副词Obviously。
