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医学课件：肝细胞癌(英文版) xx年xx月xx日CATALOGUE目录•INTRODUCTION•ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS•CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ANDDIAGNOSIS•TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENTCATALOGUE目录•PROGNOSTICATION AND PROGRESSION •OUTCOMES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES01 INTRODUCTIONDefinition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver, accounting for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers.It is a highly heterogeneous disease with multiple etiologies, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, and other factors.HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Global Burden and Importance of HCCThe incidence of HCC is increasing, with over 700,000 new cases diagnosed each year.The highest incidence rates are observed in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, although the reasons forthis are not fully understood.HCC Classification and Staging02ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORSHepatit…The most common cause of HCC worldwide Hepatit…The second most commoncause of HCCOther v…Hepatitis A, D, and E virusesmay also lead to HCCdevelopmentEtiology of HCCRisk Factors for HCC DevelopmentChronic liver diseaseChronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other chronic liver diseases increase the risk of HCC developmentMetabolic syndromeConditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia may increase the risk of HCCGenetic factorsHereditary factors may also contribute to HCC developmentGenetic mutations and polymorphisms mayincrease the risk of HCC development GeneticsExposure to aflatoxins, vinyl chloride, arsenic, and other environmental carcinogens mayincrease the risk of HCC development Environmental factors Genetic and Environmental Factors in HCCCLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ANDDIAGNOSISHCC tumors cancompress or invadenearby tissues, causingpain.Abdominal pain Symptoms and Signs of HCC Fatigue Weight loss JaundiceA liver biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of HCC.Diagnostic Workup for HCCImaging studies such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, andangiography are used to detectthe tumor size, location, and vascularity.BiopsyImaging Serum Markers01Ultrasound Imaging Modalities in HCC Diagnosis02CT Scanning 03MRI 04AngiographyTREATMENT AND MANAGEMENTSurgical OPTIONS FOR HCCLiver transplant…Resection Radiofrequency a…SorafenibThis is the only drug that has been shown to increase survival in patients with advanced HCC. It works by blocking the blood supply to the tumor and slowing its growth.Other chemotherapeu…Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, gemcitabine, and fluorouracil may be used in combination with sorafenib or alone in patients who are not candidates for sorafenib.CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN HCC TREATMENTTARGETED THERAPIES AND IMMUNOTHERAPIES IN HCCTargeted therapies Immunotherapies05 PROGNOSTICATION AND PROGRESSIONPrognostic Factors for HCCLiver functionThe amount ofhealthy liver tissue remaining andany cirrhosis or scarring presentare important factors in assessingprognosis.Serial imagingRegular MRI or CT scans are used to monitor the size and number of tumors and any changes in their characteristics.Monitoring HCC ProgressionAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP)A blood test that measures the level of AFP, a protein produced by HCC cells. An increasing AFP level may suggest disease progression.Staging systemsUsed to classify the disease stage at diagnosis and help predict prognosis and plan treatment.Survival Rates and Prognostic Tools in HCC06OUTCOMES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVESSurgica…Liver t… can be curative for small HCC and is associated with good survival ratesLocal a…Systemi…Outcomes of HCC TreatmentEarly det…diagnosis often made at advanced stage, with limited treatment options Resistanc…HCC is often refractory totreatment, with high rates ofrecurrence and metastasisComorbiditiesQuality o…treatment side effects cansignificantly impact quality oflifeChallenges in HCC Management01020304Improving out…Future Perspectives and ConclusionPersonalize d …Improving acc…Strategies to…THANKS谢谢您的观看。
