高考英语语法之同位语从句的考点归纳讲义
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高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句与主语从句的区别同位语从句与主语从句是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
虽然它们在形式上相似,但在用法和语义上却有着明显的区别。
本文将对同位语从句和主语从句进行比较,以帮助高中英语学习者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、同位语从句的定义和用法同位语从句是一个从句,用来补充或解释前面的名词或代词。
它通常用来对该名词或代词进行说明、加强或者解释。
同位语从句一般由连词"that"引导,但在口语中,可省略该连词。
同位语从句常见的结构如下:1. The fact that...例如:I am aware of the fact that he is leaving.2. The news that...例如:I am excited about the news that we won the competition.3. The idea that...例如:She has a strong belief in the idea that honesty is the best policy.同位语从句与前面的名词或代词之间构成同位关系,它们在句子中的地位相当。
同位语从句可以出现在复合句中的任意位置。
二、主语从句的定义和用法主语从句是一个从句,用来充当句子的主语。
它通常以连词"that"或连接代词"who, what, where, when, why, how"引导。
主语从句的常见结构如下:1. That...例如:That he is late is not surprising.2. Who...例如:Who will come to the party is uncertain.3. What...例如:What they did yesterday shocked me.主语从句通常位于句子的开头,作为整个句子的主语,它与谓语动词之间构成主谓关系。
· 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
位语从句是名词性从句位语从句是名词性从句((主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句从句、宾语从句、同位语从句))中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词((短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词((短语短语))加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。
1、同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较“固定”。
1)在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won .我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2)可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news news,,idea idea,,fact fact,,promise promise,,question question,,doubt doubt,,thought thought,,hope hope,,message message,, suggestion suggestion,,words words(消息),(消息),(消息),possibility possibility 等。
I ’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won ’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
3)英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that that,,whether,whether,连接代词连接代词what what,,who who。
连接副。
连接副词how,when,where 等。
(注:(注:if,which if,which 不能引导同位语从句。
同位语从句知识点总结一、同位语从句的定义。
同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种,用于对前面的抽象名词(如fact, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等)进行解释说明,表明这个名词的具体内容。
例如:The fact that he won the first prize made his parents very proud.(“that he won the first prize”就是fact的同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容)二、同位语从句的引导词。
1. that.- that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。
例如:I have no idea that he will come today.2. whether.- whether引导同位语从句时,表示“是否”的含义,有疑问的语气。
例如:The question whether we should continue the experiment has not been answered yet.3. 连接代词(what, who, which等)- 这些连接代词在同位语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分。
例如:The problem who will be in charge of this project needs to be solved.(who在从句中作主语)They have no idea what we should do next.(what在从句中作宾语)4. 连接副词(when, where, why, how等)- 连接副词在同位语从句中充当状语。
例如:We have no idea when he will come back.(when在从句中作时间状语)The question why he was late has not been answered.(why在从句中作原因状语)三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
考点七十四同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。
1.☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。
☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
(同位语从句,that不可省略)☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句的用法和标点同位语从句是英语语法中的一种修饰结构,它通过引导词来引导一个完整的句子作为另一个句子中的同位语,起到进一步解释、补充或强调的作用。
同位语从句在表达中常常使用标点符号进行引导和限定,下面我们将详细探讨同位语从句的用法和标点。
一、同位语从句的定义和作用同位语从句是由连词“that”引导的一个完整的句子,作为另一个句子中的同位语,起到解释、补充或强调的作用。
同位语从句一般用来对前面的名词或代词进行进一步的诠释和说明。
例如:1. I have a feeling that he is lying.(同位语从句解释了名词“feeling”)2. The fact that he won the game surprised everyone.(同位语从句解释了名词“fact”)二、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词通常只有一个,那就是连词“that”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的成分。
例如:1. It is a fact that she is a talented musician.(同位语从句作为同位语解释了名词“fact”)2. The teacher said that we need to study harder.(同位语从句作为宾语解释了动词“said”)三、同位语从句的标点同位语从句的标点主要是通过逗号或冒号进行引导和限定。
具体使用哪种标点符号,取决于同位语从句的位置和上下文的语气。
1. 当同位语从句与先行词之间具有较强的逻辑关系,且从句不易省略时,通常用逗号进行分隔。
例如:1. The news, that he got admitted to Harvard, made his parents proud.2. The fact, that she is always late for class, annoys the teacher.2. 当同位语从句与先行词之间的逻辑关系较弱,且从句比较长、独立性较强时,通常用冒号进行分隔。
高中英语语法专题讲解专题二、同位语从句一、同位语从句概述同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容の从句,常见の可以被同位语从句修饰の名词有:belief, chance, doubt, hope, idea, news, opinion, thought, promise等。
引导同位语从句の词有连词that, whether和副词how, when, where等。
二、同位语从句(1)同位语从句是意义完整の陈述句时,用连词that引导。
注:that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,通常不省略。
eg:I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.(2)同位语从句是疑问句时,应根据语境选用who, when ,where, how, whether(不能用if)等词来引导。
eg:The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.(3)分隔式同位语从句:当主句の谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常把同位语从句后置。
eg:An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.(4)后面常跟同位语の词有:doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。
●注:advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、命令の词后の同位语从句中の谓语动eg: that the meeting(should) be put off.三、同位语从句与定语从句の区别(1)所表达の内容不同:同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从句是对该名词の解释和说明,而定语从句是对该名词の修饰,说明它の性质特征。
高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句的用法及常见例句同位语从句是指在一个句子中作为同位语的从句,与同位语的先行词之间存在一种解释、说明或补充的关系。
同位语从句在高中英语中是一个重要的语法知识点,掌握其用法和常见例句对于理解和运用英语非常有帮助。
一、同位语从句的引导词同位语从句通常由连词that引导,也可以由whether/if引导。
二、同位语从句的用法同位语从句常见的用法有以下几种:1. 解释、说明与补充:例如:- I have no doubt that he will succeed.(我毫不怀疑他会成功。
)- The fact that he is late again surprises me.(他又迟到了这个事实让我感到惊讶。
)2. 告知、告诉、提醒:例如:- He made it clear that he won't be able to come.(他明确表示他不能来。
)- Tom informed us that the party was canceled.(汤姆告诉我们聚会取消了。
)3. 想法、观点、看法:例如:- My belief is that hard work pays off.(我的信念是勤奋会有回报。
)- It is my opinion that education should be free for all.(我认为教育应该是免费的。
)4. 目的、原因:例如:- The purpose of the meeting is that everyone can express their opinions.(会议的目的是让每个人都能表达自己的观点。
)- The reason why he is angry is that you didn't inform him in advance.(他生气的原因是你没有提前告诉他。
)5. 疑问、不确定:例如:- I'm not sure if/whether he will come to the party.(我不确定他是否会来参加聚会。
同位语从句一、概念在名词的后面,对前面的名词进行解释、说明的从句叫同位语从句。
引导词主要是连接词that,偶尔或用why,where 等,其中引导词that 在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有词汇意义。
1. 同位语从句前面的名词(多为抽象名词)往往是需要进一步解释说明其具体内容的。
如:news,fact,idea,hope,wish,promise,reason,doubt,belief,suggestion,advice,question,probability 等。
如:There is a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever我有一种感觉:我们永远不会知道,以前也不知道,什么是不明飞行物。
2. 分隔的同位语从句,就是名词与从句之间有其他内容。
The story goes that William Taler killed the tyrant with an arrow.传说威廉·泰勒用箭射死了暴君。
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
先看下面的例句:A: The news that they won the match is true.B: The news that you told me yesterday is true.①形式相近,从句功能不同:A 句是解释news 的内容:赢了比赛,是同位语从句。
B 句是修饰限定news 的,即:昨天你告诉我的消息,是定语从句。
②引导词的区别:同位语从句中“that”不能省略,它没有实际意义,在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用;而定语从句中“that”有意义,是关系代词,代替先行词的内容,在从句中作“told”的宾语,可以省略。
又如:The order that we should return at once hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句)The day when we should return hasn’t been decided. (定语从句)第一句“要立即返回”是order 的内容,是同位语从句,句意:我们还未接到要立即返回的命令。
同位语从句知识点总结同位语从句知识点总结一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行说明说明,被说明说明的词和同位语在规律上是主表关系。
同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。
例如:1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难受。
2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.我不知道他们在哪里度假。
3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。
4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.他会再来这里,这是毫无疑问的。
5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he wouldaccept their presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所磨折着。
二、掌控同位语从句的用法要留意以下两个问题:1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开,以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。
例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
高中英语语法之同位语从句的考点归纳及专项训练同位语从句的结构(一)由that引导I have no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties.他会克服一切困难,对此我并不感到怀疑。
【特别提示】:同位语从句引导词that不可省略。
(二)由whether引导The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been decided.我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未决定。
(三)由其他词引导的同位语从句I have not made up my mind what elective subjects I am to take next term.我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。
When you are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot will develop.当你把故事读到一半时,猜测一下情节将如何发展。
I have no idea when I will be back from Shanghai.我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。
(四)同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割有时,为了保持句式的平衡,将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割,其间出现其他成分。
Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.人们日益担心,证人可能会因此而受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大事实(这里先行词concerns与that 以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。
同位语从句被谓语were raised隔开。
)同位语从句的引导词运用1.that引导同位语从句。
在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。
I had no idea that you were here.The story goes that William killed his wife.He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.Suddenly the thought came to me that he would go blind.注意:①位语从句引导词that无含义,不充当成分,不可省略。
②同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容,故可以用is 把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。
③同位语从句前一般没有逗号。
that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别:that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用,不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,在从句中要作成分,如主语、宾语等。
①He told me the news that our team won.(that引导同位语从句)②The news that / which he told me was very exciting.(that 引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语)2. 在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语从句,if不引导同位语从句。
I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea what he said.3. 辨析:引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever 的区别:what 与whatever:What you want has been sent here.(what = the thing(s) that/all that/anything that特指)Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)What caused the accident was a broken bottle.(特指)Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.(泛指)who 与whoever:Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问,表示“谁”,“哪一个”)Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who,表示“无论哪个人”)4. 同位语从句注意与定语从句区别,同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明,在从句中无语法位置,而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如:The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位idea在从句中无位置,而从句只是具体说明idea的内容)The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句,idea做put forward 的宾语)同位语从句在句中的位置及语气同位语从句的语气在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。
例如:Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
例如:The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
例如:The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。
同位语和同位语从句的区分当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,其中一个句子成分可用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,此时前者(起说明或解释作用的句子成分)就叫做后者(被说明或解释的句子成分)的同位语。
如:We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子,一个男孩和一个女孩。
(句中的a boy and a girl为two children 的同位语)Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔,BBC的记者,要求采访。
(句中的a BBC reporter为Laura Myers为同位语)如果起说明或解释作用的句子成分为一个从句,那么这个从句就是同位语从句。
如:The hope that he may recover is faint. 他复原的希望是渺茫的。
(句中的that he may recover为hope的同位语)We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
(句中的that our team had won为news的同位语)语法辨析:同位语从句与定语从句的比较同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,通常与主句中名词性成分并列,补充说明该名词的情况,定语从句也是名词性从句的一种,同样用来修饰补充主句的内容,所以这两者很容易让人混淆。
一、从句法功能上来看同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用,其作用大致相当于一个冒号;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。
如:I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句,它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句,它在从句中充当宾语)二、从意义上来看同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的,两者之间可以划等号;而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的,中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。
如:He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句,其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day) This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句,其中 the factory≠ we visited last month.)三、从中心名词上来看同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词,这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。