人教版高中英语【选修八】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] 复习同位语

人教版高中英语选修八：Unit 2 Cloning语法知识点汇总语言要点（模块）Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1.differ vi. 不同；相异；（指人）看法不同；与……意见不同(= disagree)difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的[典例]1)Apparently, the twins differ from each other in character. 很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。

2)The examples illustrate that the two words differ in meaning. 那些例子说明了这两个词在意思上的不同。

3)It is not an easy thing to team up with those who differ with you on it.与那些在这件事情上与你意见不同的人合作并非易事。

4)Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有汽车库。

5)The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。

[重点用法]differ from = be different from 与……不同/有区别be different from sb. (in…) (在……方面)不同于某人differ in在……方面不同A differs fromB in... A与B在……方面不同differ with sb. about/on/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同看法make a (big/real) difference (to)对......有影响（对......影响很大/产生很大的影响）★[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

高二英语人教版选修8知识点大全本篇内容主要涵盖了各单元翻译、重难点单词以及短语。

语法知识主要为主语从句以及过去分词等，小编在这整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

高二英语人教版选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity原文+翻译*****NIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NATIVE *****S美洲土著人1/ 42Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

高中人教新课标英语选修8核心词汇梳理并重点训练一、引言高中人教新课标英语选修8是高中英语课程的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的话题和内容。

为了帮助学生更好地掌握选修8的核心词汇，提高他们的语言运用能力，本文将对该课程的核心词汇进行梳理，并重点训练学生的词汇运用能力。

二、高中人教新课标英语选修8核心词汇梳理在选修8的课程中，学生将会遇到许多核心词汇，包括动词、名词、形容词和副词等。

以下是对这些核心词汇的梳理：1、动词：学习动词是掌握英语词汇的关键。

在选修8中，学生将接触到如“recognize（认知）”，“distinguish（区分）”，“appreciate （感激）”等常用动词。

2、名词：名词是语言交流的基础。

在选修8中，学生将学习到如“understanding（理解）”，“competition（竞争）”，“improvement （提高）”等名词。

3、形容词和副词：形容词和副词是用来描述和修饰名词的。

在选修8中，学生将学习到如“deeply（深深地）”，“clearly（清晰地）”，“completely（完全地）”等形容词和副词。

三、重点训练学生的词汇运用能力学习词汇不仅仅是记忆单词的意思，更重要的是要学会在语境中运用词汇。

以下是一些方法来训练学生的词汇运用能力：1、造句练习：让学生用新学的词汇造句，这样可以加深他们对词汇的理解和记忆。

2、写作练习：布置写作任务，要求学生使用新学的词汇，这样可以提高他们的写作能力和词汇运用能力。

3、口语练习：组织口语活动，让学生在交流中使用新学的词汇，这样可以提高他们的口语能力和词汇运用能力。

四、结论高中人教新课标英语选修8的核心词汇对于学生的英语学习至关重要。

通过梳理核心词汇并重点训练学生的词汇运用能力，可以帮助他们更好地掌握这些词汇，提高他们的英语水平。

希望本文的梳理和训练方法能对学生的英语学习有所帮助。

标题：新课标选修七Unit4 Sharing词汇复习练习在选修七的Unit4中，我们学习了关于分享（Sharing）的词汇。

（5套）2019年高考英语人教版选修8（全册）知识点汇总Unit 1 A land of di v ersity一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．strait n．海峡2．Arctic adj.北极的；北极区的3．the Arctic 北极4．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责5．federal adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的[第二屏听写]6．nephew n．侄子；外甥7．aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机8．vice n．& adj.代理；副职9．shave v t.&v i.刮；剃10．tram n. (有轨)电车11．bakery n. 面包房；面包厂[第三屏听写]12．ferry n．渡船；渡口v t.摆渡；渡运13．seagull n. 海鸥14．cattle n. 牛(总称)15．mourn v t.&v i.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛16．authority n. 权威；权力(pl.) 当局；官方Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的2．distinction_ n. 差别；区分；卓著3．immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民4．immigrate v i.移入(外国定居)5．immigration n. 移民；移居入境6．means_ n. 手段；方法7．majority_ n. 大多数；大半[第五屏听写]8．despite prep.尽管；不管9．hardship n. 苦难；困苦10．elect v t.选择；决定做某事；选举某人11．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣v i.处于经济迅速发展时期12．racial adj.人种的；种族的13．crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道[第六屏听写]14．rail n．铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条15．percentage n. 百分比；百分率16．pole n. 地极；电极；磁极17．applicant n. 申请人18．customs n. 海关；关税；进口税19．socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的[第七屏听写]20．socialism n．社会主义21．occur v i.发生；出现22．indicate v t.指出；标示；表明；暗示23．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage) 24．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的25．apparently ad v. 显然地；显而易见地26．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器v i.&v t.刹(车)；用制动器减速[第八屏听写]27．conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥28．slip v i.滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒29．hire v t.& n. 租用；雇用30．fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的31．angle n. 角；角度32．nowhere ad v. 无处；到处都无[第九屏听写]33．punishment n．处罚；惩罚34．justice n. 正义；公平35．civil adj.公民的；国内的；民间的36．reform v t.&v i.改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良37．grasp v t.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会38．thoughtful adj.关切的；体贴的；深思的[第十屏听写]39．insert v t.插入；嵌入40．thankful adj.感激的；感谢的41．a_great/good_many 许多；很多42．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 43．live_on 继续存在；继续生存44．by_means_of_... 用……办法；借助……[第十一屏听写]45．make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等46．back_to_back 背靠背47．apply_for 申请；请示得到48．mark_out 用线画出范围；标出……界线49．take_in 包括；吸收50．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．majority n．大多数；大半[教材原句]Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。

名师语法：同位语与同位语从句同位语：语法学名词。

指实际语言运用中，两个表示相同的人或事物的语言片段在一起连用时，起解释说明作用的那个语言片段。

比如“周恩来总理是人民热爱的好总理。

”和“我国的首都北京是一座历史名城。

”两个句子中，“总理”和“我国的首都”就是同位语，它们的作用是分别对“周恩来”和“北京”（语法学上叫本位语）加以解释说明。

同位语不同于语法学上的定语，它和本位语之间一定不能加“的”。

同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。

它可以是单词、短语或从句。

同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后。

这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question 等。

这类从句通常由that引导，有时也可用what, why, whether, when等引导。

在阅读和翻译的时候，要特别注意的是同位语和它的本位语分割的情况。

这种情况通常是为了保持句子的平衡而出现的。

在翻译的时候，这种分割成分的译法比较灵活，可将其提前，也可不提前，还可以增加“即”，或是用冒号、破折号等分开。

1. At the same time, the American Law Institute——a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight——issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.分析：the American Law Institute后面跟了一个同位语a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight，用破折号隔开了。

人教版高中英语选修八知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习Unit 4 Pygmalion语言点学习目标重点词汇mistaken, hesitate, classify, betray, acquaintance, superior disgusting, remark, condemn, compromise, overlook-重点短语in terms of, pass off... as..., fade out, show... in, in amazement,once more, in need of重点句型What if...generally speaking一族|知识讲解重点词汇mistaken【原句回放】There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken. 好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛。

【点拨】mistaken adj. 错的，误解的If you thought she intended to be rude, you were mistaken.如果你认为她是有意粗鲁的，就错了。

(The minister doesn’t use simple plain language, and what he says is often mistaken.那位大臣不用简单平实的语言，他所说的经常是错的。

【拓展】mistake n.错误，过失，误会vt. & vi. 误会，误解（mistook，mistaken）常见搭配：make a mistake 犯错误by mistake错误地mistake...for 误认为There must be some mistakes in this bill. Please add up the figures again..账单一定有错，请再加一遍数字。

人教版高中英语选修八知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习Unit 2 Cloning语言点学习目标重点词汇differ undertake obtain forbid accumulate resist objectattain owe bother strike…重点短语pay off cast down have impact on in favor of be bound to do from time to time .知识讲解重点词汇differ…【原句回放】Think about how they differ. 考虑一下它们有怎样的不同。

【点拨】differ vi.有区别，与......相异，不同于常见搭配：differ from 与......不同/有区别（=be different from）differ from/ with 与......意见不一致（=disagree with）differ with sb. on/ about sth. 对某事与某人意见不同differ in 在……方面不同Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子和我不同，区别在于没有车库。

I differ with him on how to solve the problem. 怎样解决这个问题我和他有分歧。

【拓展】difference n.差异, 差别different adj. 不同的常见搭配：be different from…与……不同make a difference 有差别, 有关系make some (no\ not much\ ...) difference 有（没有\不太大的\......）关系?undertake【原句回放】It is difficult task to undertake. 这是一项艰难的任务。

Unit1 A land of diversity基础落实Ⅰ.高频单词思忆1.He has twenty head of (牛) on his farm.2.He has six pieces of (行李).3. (显然),she has lost interest in physics.4.She had the (不同) of being the first woman to swim the Channel.5.Please (投入) a coin in/into the slot.6.We’d better h a car for the weekend.7.Those a who want to get the job are required to present their resume this month.8.The health a are investigating the problem.9.Research i that eating habits are changing fast.10.They failed to g the importance of his words.cattle luggage apparently distinction insert hire applicants authorities indicates graspⅡ.重点短语再现1. 用……方法；借助……2. 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）3. 与某人合作或一起工作4. 包括；吸收5. 继续存在6. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7. 申请；请示得到8. 背靠背9. 划线；标出……界线10. 许多Ⅲ.典型句式运用1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California atleast fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人很可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。

《高中英语同位语知识点全解析》在高中英语学习中，同位语是一个重要的语法知识点。

掌握同位语的用法，对于理解和运用英语语言有着至关重要的作用。

一、同位语的定义同位语是一个名词或代词对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明的成分。

同位语与其所解释的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位，在句子中通常位于所解释的名词或代词之后。

例如：My friend, Tom, is a good student. 这里的“Tom”就是“my friend”的同位语，对“my friend”进行解释说明。

二、同位语的表现形式1. 名词作同位语- 用另一个名词来解释说明前面的名词。

- 例如：The city, Beijing, is the capital of China. “Beijing”是“the city”的同位语。

2. 代词作同位语- 通常用代词来指代前面的名词，并对其进行解释说明。

- 例如：We all like our teacher, Miss Li. “Miss Li”是“our teacher”的同位语。

3. 数词作同位语- 用数字来对前面的名词进行说明。

- 例如：You can take the No. 5 bus. “No. 5”是“bus”的同位语。

4. 短语作同位语- 用短语来对前面的名词进行解释说明。

- 例如：The great writer, Lu Xun, known as thefather of modern Chinese literature. “known as the fatherof modern Chinese literature”是“Lu Xun”的同位语短语。

5. 句子作同位语- 用一个句子来对前面的名词进行解释说明，这个句子被称为同位语从句。

- 例如：The news that he won the first prize is exciting. “that he won the first prize”是“the news”的同位语从句。

人教版选修八全册重点总结&词汇串记【核心词汇及用法归纳】abrupt adj.突然的；以外的They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。

accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进When we drew level，he neither slowed down nor accelerated.当我们齐头并进时，他既没有慢下来也没有加速。

alternative adj.供选择的；二者择一的n．可能的选择The way was blocked，so we went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。

[归纳拓展]have the alternative of...有做……的选择；可以做某事have no alternative but to do...(＝have no choice but to do...)只能做……；除……之外别无选择an alternative to...……的替代品alter vt.& vi.改变；改动；变更apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的Under his apparent calm lay real anxiety.他表面镇静，内心焦虑。

同义词：apparent，obvious，evident，clear，plain，distinctapplaud vt.& vi.鼓掌；称赞；赞成The crowd applauded (him/the performance) for five minutes.群众(为他/演出)鼓掌五分钟。

[归纳拓展]applaud sb for...因……而赞赏某人applause n．[U]鼓掌欢迎；喝彩win the applause of赢得……的掌声arrest vt.逮捕；扣留；吸引；阻止n．逮捕After the match three youths were arrested.比赛过后有三个青年被捕。

人教版高中英语选修八知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点学习目标重点词汇distinction, majority, elect,percentage, boom, occur, indicate, apparently, slip, hire重点短语by means of make a life, team up with, mark out, apply fortake in,live on, a great many, keep up重点句型There be + sb. + doing ...with复合结构知识讲解重点词汇distinction【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA... 加州与众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......【点拨】distinction n.区别, 差别；卓越常用搭配：make a distinction between 把......与......区分开make no distinction 没有区别have a distinction of 有......与众不同之处with distinction 优异地，显著地Mr. Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school.格林先生不同凡响，他是这所著名学校的首任校长。

The law makes no distinction between men and women.这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。

【拓展1】distinct adj. 清晰的，明显的，明确的distinguish v.区分，辨别；把......区别分类，使杰出There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door.我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。

选修8 Unit 1 重点单词一、重点单词1.means. n. 手段；方法2.slavery. n. 受奴役的状态；奴隶制3.majority. n. 大多数；大半4.immigration. n. 移居入境；移民5.percentage. n. 百分比；百分率6.aircraft. n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机7.mix. vt. 混合；拌和 n. 混合；结合8.mixture. n. 混合；混合状态；混合物9.nationality. n. 国籍；民族10.racial. adj. 人族的；种族的11.applicant. n. 申请人12.socialist. n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj. 社会主义的13.occur. vi. 发生；出现14.central. adj. 中心的；中央的；主要的15.indicate. vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示16.swap. vi&vt. 交换17.apparent. adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的18.apparently. adv. 显然地；显而易见的19.slip. vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒20.ferry. n. 渡船；渡口 vt. 摆渡；渡运21.hire. vt&n. 租用；雇佣22.insert. vt. 插入；嵌入23.react. vi. 作出反应；回应二、重点短语1.by means of 用……方法；借助……2.in addition 而且3.declare war on ……向……宣战4.take in 包括；吸收5.a great/good many 许多，很多6.at various times 在不同时代7. make a life (for sb.) 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生8. keep up 保持；继续9.ger/have a good view of 好好欣赏……10.team up with 与……合作或一起工作11.mark out 划线；标出……界线12. It occurs to sb that （某人）想到13. a great/good many 许多；很多14. live on 继续存在，继续生存15.elect sb to be 选举某人做16.a large percentage of 大部分17. keep up 坚持，维持，沿袭18. back to back 背靠背19.hire a boat by the hour 按小时雇船20. apply for 申请，请示得到21.have a good grasp of 彻底理解要点探究1.means.n. 方法；手段[单复同]by all means 当然可以by means of 用某办法，借助于某物by no means/not by any means 决不；并没有（放于句首时，主句用部分倒装）by this means 用这种方法mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着……2.majority.n. 大多数；大半；大多The majority of damage is easy to repair.The majority of criminals are non-violent.3.mix.vt. 混合，掺和；n.结合，混合mix A and B 使A和B混合起来mix sth./sb.up 弄错，弄乱；搞错mixed feelings 纷扰或矛盾的感情mixed doubles 混合双打mixture.n. 混合；混合物4.occur.vi. 发生；出现；存在it occurs/occurred to sb. to do 某人想到干某事it occurs/occurred to sb. that 某人突然想起某事5.indicate.vt. 指出；标示；表明，暗示indicate that…示意，表明6.hire.vt.& n. 租用，雇佣fire 解雇7.insert.vt.n. 插入、放入、置入8.react.vi. 反应；react to sb./sth 对某人/某物作出反应、回应reaction. n. 反应；回应9. take over 接管；接收take up 继续，占用（时间/空间）；开始做，开始从事10.a great many 许多，大量的11.It is likely that………什么是可能的选修8 Unit 2一、重点单词1. differ vi. 不同：相异2. exact adj. 准确的，精确的：精密的3. commercial adj. 商业的：贸易的4. straightforward adj. 简单的：直接的：坦率的5. undertake vt. 着手：从事：承担6. breakthough n. 突破7. disturbing adj. 烦扰的8. arbitrary adj. 任意的9. altogether adv. 总共：完全地10. object vi. 不赞成：反对11. moral adj. 道德上的：伦理的12. forbid vt. 禁止：不准13. accumulate vt. 积累：聚积14. shortly adv. 立刻：不久15. bother v./n. 打扰：操心/烦扰16. assumption n. 假定：设想17. regulation n. 规则：规章：法规18. extinct adj. 灭绝的：绝种的19. resist vt. 抵抗：对抗20. merely adv. 仅：只：不过21. decoration n. 装饰22. unable adj. 不能的：不会的23. argument n. 论据：论点：争论24. obtain vt. 获得：得到25. identical adj. 同一的：一模一样的二、重点短语1 (sb. be) cast down (by) 使沮丧2 object to sth./sb. 不赞成，反对object to doing sth. 反对某人干某事have no objection to sb. doing sth. 不反对某人干某事3 in favor of 赞成，同意，支持，看中，选中favor 对某人有利的（地）in sb.’ｓdo sb. a favor 帮某人忙4 (be) bound to (do) 一定，注定（做）...5 from time to time 不时，偶尔6 bring back to life 使复生7 pay off （无被动）得到好结果，取得成功，奏效，偿清，付清pay a visit to 拜访，访问pay attention to 注意pay for 为...付款，为...付出代价8 have an impact on 对...有影响9 pass on …to 将...传给...10 take turns to do sth. 轮流干某事11 experiment with 进行...的试验12 give birth to 生，使诞生13 look back on 回顾14 differ from 不同于，和...不同，和...意见不一致differ in 在...方面不同differ with 与某人意见不同be different from 与...不同，有区别make a difference 产生差别，起重要作用make no difference 不起作用tell the difference between A and B 分辨出A与B的不同，区分A与B15 undertake sth. 承担某事16 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止某事/干某事forbid sb. to do sth 不准某人干某事.forbid sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人干某事forbidden 禁止的，不准的17bother sb. with/about sth.为某事打扰或烦扰某人the thing that bothers sb. is …让某人感到不安的是…Bothersome 引起麻烦的，困扰人的18 resist doing sth. 反对做某事resist the temptation 抵抗诱惑19 be bound to do/be 一定，注定20find/think/make + it + adj. for sb. to do 发现/思考/让某人做…find sb./sth. done/doing 发现某人/某物怎么样选修8 Unit 3一、重点单词1．discovery n. 发现；发觉2．patent n.专利证书；专利发明3．distinguish vi&vt显示…的差别；使…有所不同；辨别4．product n. 产品5．powder n.粉末；火药6．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的7．convenient adj.便利的；方便的8．expectation n.预料；期望9．monitor vt. n.监控;班长；监听器；监视器10．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的11．valid adj.有效的；确凿的12．application n.申请；请求；实施13．file n.文件；档案；文件夹，把…归档；提交14．Bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担15．jam n.堵塞；阻塞；果酱16．mess n.脏乱的状态；杂乱17．dot n. vt.点；小圆点，以小圆点标出；分散18．tap vt. n.轻打；轻拍；轻敲，轻轻地敲击；龙头19．wire n.金属丝；电线20．current n. /adj.电流；现在的；当前的21．importance n.重要性22．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的23．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的24．court n.法庭；法院；朝廷25．version n. 版本；译本二、重点短语1. now and then 偶尔；有时2. get rid of 除去；除掉3. set about doing 开始；着手4. in case （以防）万一5. set out to do 开始（做）6. be aware of 意识到7. in truth 的确；事实上8. out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障9. get through 设法联系上；做完，通过10. ring back 回复电话11. call up 给……打电话12. dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入13. hang on / hold on 不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等14. ring off 挂断电话15. out of order 次序颠倒16. get through 设法联系上17. ring back 回复电话18. ring off/ hang up 挂断电话19. distinguish… from把...与...加以区分20. stainless steel 不锈钢21. cube meter 立方米22. be convenient to sb 对某人方便23. in expectation of 在预料中24. seize sb by 抓住某人某处25. on file 存档26. a freezing morning 寒冷的早晨27. can’t bear doing/ to do不能忍受28. Lantern Festival 元宵节29. associate with 把...和...联系30. be competent in 在...能胜任选修8 Unit 4一、重点单词1. adaptation n.适应（性）；改编本2. plot n.情节；阴谋3. hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇4. uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的5. troublesome adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的6. outcome n.结果；效果7. mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的8. brilliant adj.光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的9. classify vt.编排；分类；归类10. betray vt.显露出（本来面目）；背叛11. dismiss vt.开除；让……离开12. condemn vt.谴责；使……注定13. acquaintance n.相识；了解；熟人14. fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱15. upper adj.(位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的16. status n. 身份；地位；职位17. superior adj.优秀的；优等的；较高的；上级的 n.上级；长官18. antique adj.古时的；（因古老、稀少而）珍贵的文物；古董；古玩19. musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n.音乐戏剧20. compromise n.&vi.妥协；折衷21. horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的；令人不愉快的22. disgusting adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的23. overlook vt.俯视；未看到；忽视；不理会24. fade vi.&vt.（使）褪色，减弱；逐渐消失25. classic adj.经典的；第一流的 n.经典著作26. effective adj.有效的二、重点短语1. hold up 举起；阻搁；阻挡acquaintance 结识；与…相见2. make one’ｓ3. in amazement 惊愕地4. in term of …就……来说；从……角度5. show …in .带或领……进来6. the other day 几天前7. take away 带走；取走8. once more 再一次9. in need of…需要……10. take…for认为…是…；误以为11. take down 写下；记下12. pass…off as… (某人)冒充……13. fade out (声音，画面)逐渐模糊，渐淡14. generally speaking 一般说来15. hesitate at sth / about doing/ to do对做 ...犹豫不决16. in disguise 伪装，假扮17. be classified into 被分成18. betray to 背叛，泄漏19. condemn sb for sth 因…谴责某人20. condemn sb to do 使…命中注定21. a handful of money 一把钱22.make a fortune 发财21. be superior to 比…优秀22.rob sb of sth 抢某人的东西23.reach a compromise on sth就...达成妥协选修8 Unit 5一、重点单词1. alternative n. 可能的选择；选择对象 adj. 供选择的；其他的2. accuracy n. 精确：准确3. interrupt vi. 打断…讲话；打岔 vt. 暂时中断或中止4. assume vt. 假定；设想5. sharpen vt.&vi. （使）锋利，尖锐，清晰6. ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的7. primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的8. preserve vt. 保持；保存；保藏n. 禁猎地9. analysis n. （pl.analyses）分析10. specific adj. 详细而精确的；确切的；特定的；具体的11. specifically adv. 确切地；具体地；特别地12. significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义13. somehow adv. 以…方式；不知怎么地14. systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的15. radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的16. radioactivity n. 放射性17. applaud vt.&vi. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏18. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速；促进19. arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留20. dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏迷的；使人发晕或困惑的21. relief n.（痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物22. affection n. 恋爱；喜爱23. affectionate adj. 充满深情的；有爱心的24. patient adj. 耐心的；忍耐的25. skilful adj.（英）有技巧的：熟练的（~美~skillful）26. punctuation n. 标点符号二、重点短语1.have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事2. regardless of 不管；不顾3. keep out…阻止…进入4. cut up 切碎5. look ahead 向前看；为未来打算6. pronounced French accent 明显的法国口音7. be fed up with=be tired of 受够了，厌烦tion 吸引某人注意力8. arrest one’s atten9. arrest sb for sth 因…而逮捕某人10. date back to\from 追溯到11. show sb around 带领某人参观12. an amount of 大量13. look ahead 向前看14.go ahead 前进，干吧，说吧15. at most 至多，最多16. three centimeters long 三厘米长17.assume that=assuming=on the assumption that 假设，假定18.ahead of time \schedule=in advance提前19. up to date 现代，最新20. out of date 过时，陈旧。

复习同位语概念引入同位语，也许这个名词不像定语、状语、主语等那么眼熟，但是在英语语法中也是不可缺少的内容，尤其是同位语从句，更是名词性从句的重点和难点。

在这个单元里，我们就来小结一下同位语，尤其是同位语从句的一些重要的用法。

先看下面句子：1. The whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly thesheep.2. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.3. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the originalsheep.4. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.这些句子中斜体词部分都是同位语，其中句2和句4是同位语从句。

那么同位语到底是什么样的句子成分？什么样的词语或从句能作同位语？应该注意什么呢？下面我们将就这些问题进行讨论。

用法讲解同位语的定义与构成同位语（Appositive）定义对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。

同位语常放在被说明的词之后, 说明它们的内容、性质和情况等，有时有逗号隔开。

例如：Mr. Wang, my chi ld’s t eacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。

（Mr. Wang是句子的主语，而my child’s teacher说明主语的身份，是同位语。

）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”（句尾的直接引语说明the question的内容，是同位语）同位语的构成1. 名词(短语)或all, each, both等代词及短语(有时有逗号隔开)We students all respect Mr. Johnson, our English teacher.我们学生都很尊敬我们的英语老师，约翰逊先生。

t人教版高中英语选修八知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习Unit 1 A land of diversity 语言点学习目标重点词汇distinction,majority , elect, percentage, boom, occur ,indicate,apparently , slip, hire重点短语by means ofmak e a life, team up with, mark out, apply fortak e in,live on, a great many , k eep up重点句型There be + sb. + doing ...with 复合结构知识讲解重点词汇distinction【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA... 加州与 众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......【点拨】distinction n. 区别, 差别；卓越常用搭配：mak e a distinction b e tw e en 把......与...... 区分开mak e no distinction 没有区别have a distinction of 有...... 与众不同之处with distinction 优异地，显著地Mr . Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school. 格林先生不同凡响，他是这所著名学校的首任校长。

The law mak es no distinction be tw een men and women.这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。

【拓展 1】distinct adj . 清晰的，明显的，明确的distinguish v. 区分，辨别；把...... 区别分类，使杰出There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door .我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。

Book 8 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity【重点词汇】1. distinction n .区别/差别卓越/卓著make a distinction /no distinction between A and B有区别/没有区别▲ The new law makes no distinction between adults and childrenEmployers should hire men and women without distinction 无差别地/一视同仁地/一律地He passed the exam with distinction 优异地/显著地▲distinct . adj 明显的/清楚的/有区别的be distinct from…in… =be different from…in…There was a distinct smell of gas That is a distinct advantage▲distinguish v. 区分/辨别distinguish A from/and B distinguish right from wrong▲distinguished adj尊贵的/卓越的/杰出的be distinguished for/as: be famous for/as2. live on 继续活着/继续存在live on sth以某物…为生/ 靠某物生活e.g. Lu Xun is dead but his writing lives on.She lived on for many years after her husband died.Small birds live mainly on insects.You can’t live on forty pounds a week.【拓展】feed on 以…为主食/靠吃…生活live with sb/sth接受或容忍某现象/和…生The brave girl is learning to live with her disabilitylive up to 实践（原则，誓言等）, 不辜负(他人的愿望),达到,符合live through 经历…而活过来3. means表示“方法，方式，手段”，其单复数同形, 其谓语动词得到单复数往往根据修饰means的形容词判断。

高中英语选修八全册知识点复习归纳Unit1 Module8 复习归纳1. the third largest state2. have the distinction of; draw a distinction between -- and---3. attract people from all over the world4. live on (多意)5. a diversity of +n----= diverse +n; a variety of +n-- =various + n6. It is likely/probable/possible that…; It is possible/ likely/ probable to do sth;sb / sth.be likely to do sth.;.7. the Bering Strait / the Arctic；the 用于江河湖海山脉群岛沙漠海峡之前8. by means of--; by all/ every means; by no means; by any means联想：way/ method /approach9. in prehistoric times; in modern/ancient times 10.区分suffer 与suffer from11. survive these terrible times；survive in war 12. fight against /for /with13. settle in （sp）；settle down; settle the problem14. the majority; the/a majority of---; in the majority; adj/n/vi : major 反义词：minority15. gain independence from Spain 16. become part of Mexico17. declare war on Mexico 18.区分in the 1990s与in 199019. the first/second/last to arrive 20. achieve one’s dream of be ing rich21. 复习remain（仍然）+n./ adj./ V-ing / V-ed/ to do/; 比较remaining 与left 做定语时的位置22. make a life；earn/ make a / one’s living 23. despite(介词)/ in spite of great hardship24.复习keep短语：keep up/ up with / on / out/ out of / away /back / off/ back / down25. at the beginning/end of; in the beginning/end; by +时间（常用完成时）26. become/ be home to--- 27.It is believed/said/supposed/reported/-- that--28. consist of= be made up of29. become chairman of the committee; be elected as vice president of this country（无冠词现象）30. 参见讲义“许多”：a great number of /a great many/ scores of /a large amount of/ a great dealof/ plenty of/ quantities of/--- 31. believe in socialism；believe sb/ what one says32. It occurred to me that--= It hit /struck sb that= sth occurred to sb= sth hit/ struck sb33. (be) on holiday =take/ have/ go for a holiday; spend one’s holiday34. Sounds great/ interesting/ fantastic(交际用语) 35. sit back to back；face to face36. go straight 37. get/have a (spectacular) view of the Golden Gated Bridge38. slip down the hill; slip in slip/ out / off 39. feel like sth/ doing40. team up with 41. mark out …(for…)42. a 79km round-trip (往返、来回) 43. take in/ up/ out/ off/ away/ over/ apart/ back/on/ down; take you time; take it easy; take part in; take the place of-- ; take place;44. apply (to sb ) for--; apply ---to---; apply oneself to---45. have nowhere else to go 46. reform the system47. grasp the opportunity of -- 48. make comments about/ on----=comment on1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. (两个宾语从句)3. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.4. Most remained in california to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.5. It was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. （强调句）6. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be nodistinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.7. It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.8. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them.Unit2 Module 8 复习归纳1. differ from--=be different from--;differ in=be different in; make a(no/ some/) difference to--2. gain benefits from---= benefit from---联想benefit及beneficial用法3. make a copy of---4. produce commercial quantities of plants5. attempt/try to do= make an attempt to do/ at doing6. pay off; pay off the debt; pay one’s debt; pay（sb钱）for sth; pay back the money; get paid7. remove--- from---= take ---out of--- 8. one (the) one hand,---; on the other hand,---.9. cast vt投、掷、扔；(sb be) cast down 10. be appropriate to/ for---11. altogether:1) in all/total; 2) completely 12. 熟练掌握倍数的3种表达方法13. make corrections/changes 14. raise a storm of objections; a storm of---15. object to---;have an objection to--（注意to为介词）；思考含有to且为介词的常用短语16. have/ make a great impact on--- 17. open one’s eyes; widen/broaden/ enrich-----18. attain one’s ambition 19. (do some) research into/ on sth20.forbid sb to do; forbid doing; forbid sb sth;注意forbid的过去式与过去分词写法; 类似allow/permit21. vt: accumulate evidence; vi: Dust accumulated22. in favor of; do sb a favor= do a favor for sb; favor: n/ vt23. (dis)agree with---; agree to the regulation; 联想agree的其他用法24. owe sth to sb= owe sb sth; owe to--; owing to---= because of---/thanks to--= on account of---25. shortly after---; shortly before--- 26. make up one’s mind (to do---)27. look back on his life回忆look 的其他短语28. with satisfaction; satisfy; satisfied/ satisfying29. be bound to do; be bound for/to sp 30. put sb/sth to sleep31. strike sth into one’s heart;学习strike的多意；过去式和过去分词32 experiment with---; do an experiment 33. give birth to sb/ sth34. from time to time= now and then= occasionally= at times= sometimes=once in a while35. bring sb/sth back to life; come to life（苏醒；变得活跃）; bring --- to life (给—以活力)36. make (many)efforts to do= make every effort to do 37. in vain；vain: adj: eg vain attempts38. resist the disease; resist sth/ sb/ doing; can’t couldn’t resist sth(表诱惑词)39. the drawback to cloning a group of animals 40. Based on what we know; on the basis of- 41. merely; barely; scarcely; rarely 42.复习die out/ die away/ die down/ die off/ die of(from) 43. in good/ poor condition; be in a good/bad state; be in a state of---1. Firstly,----. Secondly,---; In addition,--; Further more,---(写作模仿)2. It is difficult task to undertake.3. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.（表对比）4. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. (倒装句和同位语从句)5. So Freddy made up his mind to enjoy his singing and to accumulate as many happy experiences as he could so that when he retired he would be able to look back his life with satisfaction.6. There is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. （同位语从句）7. Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time.8. But in fact we are a long way from being able to clone extinct animals.Unit3 Module 8 复习归纳1. work out go through2. apply for a patent; apply ---to--; apply oneself to---3. decide on4. call up（两个含义）; call on / at / for / off / in / back5. You are wanted on the phone6. be ups et about (p.p.作表语)7. now and then; every now and then; form time to time; (every) now and again; at times; occasionally; sometimes 8. get rid of; rid … of…9. feel / be proud of , take pride in 10. There seemed to be …11.distinguish between…and…=distinguish…from…;be distinguished for/by…;distinguish oneself12. disappear into a convenient hole.复习convenient的用法；名词convenience13 set about doing…/ set out to do; set aside; set down ; set up; set out/off for sp.; set off；be set in14. with great caution, with great care, with satisfaction 15. bend down16. pick up 多义; pick the apples in comfort17. in the expectation; (习语)beyond/ against expectation出呼意料; in expectation of---期待--18. prove to be no trouble; prove sth / that ….(vt.); 系动：Sb. / Sth. prove (to be) + n. / adj. (vi.)19. be pressed by 20. seize the opportunity to do …; 比较: grasp, catch, hold21. get new ideas accepted(P.P. 作宾补), get sb. to do sth./ get sth. done22. a valid identification 23. file the patent application with the Patent Office 24. fill in the form 25. a matter of waiting; a matter of time/ money26. can’t bear the smell / 区分bear to do sth. /doing sth.27. in a mess; make a mess of because of traffic jam28. become interested in … /interest oneself in 29. lead sb. to do sth,; lead to 30. beaten track 31. dive into / in; take a dive/ make a dive for…32. follow up 33. something worth thinking about; sth be worth doing34. a series of dots tapped out along a wire 35. experiment with36. at a time; at one time; at times; at the same time 37. have a flash of inspiration38. be fully aware of the importance of his invention 39. be associated with40. search after=search for practical solutions 41. improve the quality of everybody’s life42. hang on=hold on; hang up=ring off; hang on to; hang out; hang back; get/have the hang of43. out of order; in order; 44. develop good professional competence in …45. get through /on (along) with/ round/ up/ on/ off/ away with/ over/ across/ rid of46. ring back / off/ up/; 复习与“打电话”有关的短语、句型。

Section ⅢGrammar——复习同位语(词、短语、从句)[思维导图][语法精讲]一、同位语1．定义同位语是句子成分的一种。

它位于名词、代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况。

它可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式及从句等来充当。

2．表现形式(1)名词、代词或数词充当同位语I have the honor to introduce John's sister, Jane to you.我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。

(名词Jane作同位语)I sympathize with you; I myself have had a similar unhappy experience.我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇。

(反身代词myself作同位语)She is the oldest among them six.她是她们六人中年龄最大的。

(数词six作同位语)(2)动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)充当同位语He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.他喜爱冬泳这项运动。

(动名词短语swimming in winter作同位语)Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语to avoid being punished作同位语)(3)由such as, that is, of, or等引导的同位语Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。

二、同位语从句1．定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。

它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。