国际商务英语复习题

1. What does the acronym "CIF" stand for in international trade?A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cash in FlightC. Central Intelligence FacilityD. Commercial International Finance2. Which document is used to transfer title of goods in international t rade?A. Bill of LadingB. Commercial InvoiceC. Packing ListD. Certificate of Origin3. What is the primary purpose of a Letter of Credit in international t rade?A. To provide a loan to the buyerB. To guarantee payment to the sellerC. To reduce the price of goodsD. To increase the shipping time4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a free trade agreement?A. Increased tariffsB. Reduced trade barriersC. Restricted market accessD. Increased government control5. What does "FOB" stand for in shipping terms?A. Free on BoardB. Fixed on BudgetC. Final Order BatchD. Foreign Original Brand6. Which of the following is a key element of a successful business pre sentation in English?A. Using complex jargonB. Providing clear and concise informationC. Reading directly from notesD. Avoiding eye contact7. What is the best way to address a business email to a recipient whose name you do not know?A. "Dear Sir/Madam"B. "Hello"C. "To Whom It May Concern"D. "Dear Customer"8. Which of the following is an example of a soft skill in business com munication?A. Proficiency in ExcelB. Ability to negotiateC. Knowledge of SAP softwareD. Typing speed9. What is the term for the process of adapting a product to meet the c ultural preferences or regulatory requirements of a foreign market?A. StandardizationB. LocalizationC. GlobalizationD. Customization10. Which of the following is a common business protocol when meeting s omeone for the first time in a professional setting?A. Giving a firm handshakeB. Avoiding personal questionsC. Maintaining good eye contactD. All of the above11. What is the purpose of a SWOT analysis in business?A. To identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat s of a businessB. To calculate the financial performance of a companyC. To determine the market share of a productD. To forecast future sales12. Which of the following is a characteristic of effective business wr iting?A. Using passive voiceB. Including slang termsC. Being concise and clearD. Writing in a highly formal tone13. What is the main advantage of using a VPN in international business?A. It increases internet speedB. It provides security and privacy for online activitiesC. It reduces the cost of international callsD. It enhances the quality of video conferences14. Which of the following is a common challenge in international busin ess communication?A. Lack of cultural awarenessB. Overuse of technologyC. Insufficient financial resourcesD. High domestic competition15. What is the role of a business interpreter in international meeting s?A. To translate spoken language in real-timeB. To provide legal adviceC. To manage the meeting agendaD. To conduct market research16. Which of the following is a benefit of attending international trade shows?A. Reduced exposure to new technologiesB. Limited networking opportunitiesC. Increased visibility and potential business opportunitiesD. Higher costs for participation17. What is the term for the strategy of entering a foreign market by a cquiring or merging with a local company?A. Greenfield investmentB. Joint ventureC. FranchisingD. Brownfield investment18. Which of the following is a key factor in maintaining good business relationships internationally?A. Consistency in communicationB. Ignoring cultural differencesC. Focusing solely on profitD. Using aggressive negotiation tactics19. What is the primary purpose of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) in business?A. To protect confidential informationB. To enforce payment termsC. To regulate employee conductD. To establish a partnership20. Which of the following is a common business etiquette in Japan?A. Blowing your nose in publicB. Bowing as a form of greetingC. Using left-hand gesturesD. Loud public conversations21. What is the term for the practice of basing a company's strategy on the resources and capabilities it possesses?A. Resource-based viewB. Market-based viewC. Product-based viewD. Customer-based view22. Which of the following is a critical aspect of business negotiation s in the Middle East?A. Formal attireB. Quick decision-makingC. Building personal relationshipsD. Focusing solely on the contract terms23. What is the main purpose of a business plan in international expans ion?A. To secure fundingB. To decorate the officeC. To impress competitorsD. To reduce operational costs24. Which of the following is a common business document used in intern ational transactions?A. Recipe bookB. Travel itineraryC. Purchase orderD. Novel25. What is the term for the process of analyzing and adjusting a compa ny's operations to improve efficiency and effectiveness?A. Strategic planningB. Business process reengineeringC. Market analysisD. Financial auditing26. Which of the following is a key component of a successful internati onal marketing strategy?A. Ignoring local customsB. Focusing on a single productC. Tailoring the message to the target audienceD. Using only one language27. What is the primary purpose of a business proposal?A. To entertain the readerB. To persuade the recipient to take actionC. To provide historical dataD. To criticize competitors28. Which of the following is a common business practice in Germany?A. Informal dress codeB. Formal business meetingsC. Casual email communicationD. Flexible working hours29. What is the term for the process of setting up a new business opera tion in a foreign country?A. MergerB. AcquisitionC. Greenfield investmentD. Divestiture30. Which of the following is a critical factor in international busine ss success?A. Lack of market researchB. Ignoring legal regulationsC. Effective cross-cultural communicationD. Overdependence on domestic markets31. What is the main purpose of a business case in project management?A. To document the project's historyB. To justify the need for the projectC. To outline the project's risksD. To describe the project's competitors32. Which of the following is a common business document used in intern ational finance?A. MenuB. Balance sheetC. Travel guideD. Novel33. What is the term for the process of adapting a company's products o r services to meet the needs of different cultures or markets?A. StandardizationB. LocalizationC. GlobalizationD. Customization34. Which of the following is a key element of a successful internation al business strategy?A. Ignoring cultural differencesB. Focusing solely on domestic marketsC. Developing a global mindsetD. Using only one communication channel35. What is the primary purpose of a business report?A. To entertain the audienceB. To provide information and analysisC. To criticize competitorsD. To promote personal opinions36. Which of the following is a common business practice in the United States?A. Formal attireB. Informal business meetingsC. Strict adherence to traditionD. Limited use of technology37. What is the term for the process of entering a foreign market by es tablishing a new operation from scratch?A. MergerB. AcquisitionC. Greenfield investmentD. Divestiture38. Which of the following is a critical factor in international busine ss negotiations?A. Ignoring cultural normsB. Focusing solely on priceC. Building trust and rapportD. Using aggressive tactics39. What is the main purpose of a business model?A. To describe the company's historyB. To outline the company's strategy for creating, delivering, and capturing valueC. To provide legal adviceD. To criticize competitors40. Which of the following is a common business document used in intern ational trade?A. Recipe bookB. Travel itineraryC. Commercial invoiceD. Novel41. What is the term for the process of analyzing and adjusting a compa ny's operations to improve efficiency and effectiveness?A. Strategic planningB. Business process reengineeringC. Market analysisD. Financial auditing42. Which of the following is a key component of a successful internati onal marketing strategy?A. Ignoring local customsB. Focusing on a single productC. Tailoring the message to the target audienceD. Using only one language43. What is the primary purpose of a business proposal?A. To entertain the readerB. To persuade the recipient to take actionC. To provide historical dataD. To criticize competitors44. Which of the following is a common business practice in Germany?A. Informal dress codeB. Formal business meetingsC. Casual email communicationD. Flexible working hours45. What is the term for the process of setting up a new business opera tion in a foreign country?A. MergerB. AcquisitionC. Greenfield investmentD. Divestiture46. Which of the following is a critical factor in international busine ss success?A. Lack of market researchB. Ignoring legal regulationsC. Effective cross-cultural communicationD. Overdependence on domestic markets47. What is the main purpose of a business case in project management?A. To document the project's historyB. To justify the need for the projectC. To outline the project's risksD. To describe the project's competitors48. Which of the following is a common business document used in intern ational finance?A. MenuB. Balance sheetC. Travel guideD. Novel49. What is the term for the process of adapting a company's products o r services to meet the needs of different cultures or markets?A. StandardizationB. LocalizationC. GlobalizationD. Customization50. Which of the following is a key element of a successful internation al business strategy?A. Ignoring cultural differencesB. Focusing solely on domestic marketsC. Developing a global mindsetD. Using only one communication channel51. What is the primary purpose of a business report?A. To entertain the audienceB. To provide information and analysisC. To criticize competitorsD. To promote personal opinions52. Which of the following is a common business practice in the United States?A. Formal attireB. Informal business meetingsC. Strict adherence to traditionD. Limited use of technology53. What is the term for the process of entering a foreign market by es tablishing a new operation from scratch?A. MergerB. AcquisitionC. Greenfield investmentD. Divestiture54. Which of the following is a critical factor in international busine ss negotiations?A. Ignoring cultural normsB. Focusing solely on priceC. Building trust and rapportD. Using aggressive tactics55. What is the main purpose of a business model?A. To describe the company's historyB. To outline the company's strategy for creating, delivering, and capturing valueC. To provide legal adviceD. To criticize competitors56. Which of the following is a common business document used in intern ational trade?A. Recipe bookB. Travel itineraryC. Commercial invoiceD. Novel57. What is the term for the process of analyzing and adjusting a compa ny's operations to improve efficiency and effectiveness?A. Strategic planningB. Business process reengineeringC. Market analysisD. Financial auditing58. Which of the following is a key component of a successful internati onal marketing strategy?A. Ignoring local customsB. Focusing on a single productC. Tailoring the message to the target audienceD. Using only one language59. What is the primary purpose of a business proposal?A. To entertain the readerB. To persuade the recipient to take actionC. To provide historical dataD. To criticize competitorsAnswers1. A2. A3. B4. B5. A6. B7. A8. B9. B10. D11. A12. C13. B14. A15. A16. C17. D18. A19. A20. B21. A22. C23. A24. C25. B26. C27. B28. B29. C30. C31. B32. B33. B34. C35. B36. B37. C38. C39. B40. C41. B42. C43. B44. B45. C46. C47. B48. B49. B50. C51. B52. B53. C54. C55. B56. C57. B58. C59. B。

2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We take the liberty____writing to you with a hope to get your best offers for Chinese bicycles.A.toB. inC.ofD.with2.【单选题】The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.aboutB. forC.ofD.as3.【单选题】Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.getsesC.arrivesD. reaches4.【单选题】We agree to the amendments to the contract _____requested in your letter of May5.A.asB.likeC. to beD. when5.【单选题】Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levelsB.ratesC.basesD.percentage6.【单选题】We regret the need for you to write to us and hope the steps we are taking____the safe arrival of all your orders in the future.A.insureB. assureC.sureD.ensure7.【单选题】On receipt of your instruction, we shall carry out this order ______.A.in returnB.without least delayC.with least delayD.without delays8.【单选题】The importer will go to the wharf and____delivery of the goods.A.makeB.effectC.fulfillD.take9.【单选题】After unpacking the case we found the goods did not____with the original sample.pareB. matchC.agreeD.measure10.【单选题】____shipment, please amend the L/C to allow transshipment.A.RegardingB.CoveringC.ConcerningD. Referring11.【单选题】We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due toB.owing toC.becauseD.on account of12.【单选题】Because there is no direct steamer from here to your port, we suggest that you____trans-shipment at Hong Kong.A.may acceptB.acceptC.must acceptD. can accept13.【单选题】Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categoriesB.mixC.brandsD.lines14.【单选题】We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.openingB.opportunityC. stepD.advantage15.【单选题】We have received your enquiry of October 15_____we learn that you are interested in our Sewing Machines.A.from whichB.in whichC. whichD.at which16.【单选题】______our catalogues for your reference.A.EnclosingB. Please find encloseC.Enclosed please findD.Enclosure17.【单选题】No discount will be allowed ____ you could place an order for more than 5,000pcs.A.untilB. exceptC.besidesD.unless18.【单选题】The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A. acceptB.pay forC. receiveD.obtain19.【单选题】To comply with your request, we are quoting you _____.A.as followingB.as followC. as followsD.follow20.【单选题】As we are ____ the market for Table cloth, we should be glad if you would send us your best quotation。

商务英语复习题及答案一、选择题1. What does "B2B" stand for in the context of business?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Industry答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a common payment term in international trade?A. FOB (Free On Board)B. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)C. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)D. COD (Cash on Delivery)答案：D3. In a business negotiation, what does "NR" mean?A. Not ReceivedB. Not ReadyC. Not RespondedD. Non-Renewable答案：C二、填空题4. When addressing a formal business letter, it is appropriate to use the title "_______" before the person's name.答案：Dear Sir/Madam5. The abbreviation "ETA" in logistics stands for "_______". 答案：Estimated Time of Arrival6. In a business proposal, the section that outlines the benefits of the proposed solution is called "_______".答案：Benefits三、阅读理解Read the following passage and answer the questions:In today's globalized economy, companies are increasingly looking for ways to expand their markets and reach new customers. One effective strategy is to engage in cross-border e-commerce, which allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries. This approach not only opens up new revenue streams but also helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.7. What is the main advantage of cross-border e-commerce mentioned in the passage?答案：It allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries.8. What is another benefit of engaging in cross-border e-commerce?答案：It helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.四、翻译题9. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："The company is seeking to diversify its product line to appeal to a broader customer base."答案：该公司正寻求多样化其产品线，以吸引更广泛的客户群。

Lesson 1 International Business(1) International business: it refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.(2) Commodity trade: exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(3) Licensing: in licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks, brand names, patents, copyrights or technology.(4) Franchising: it can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.(5) Franchiser: it can be develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services.(6) Management contract: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized servicesto another within a particular period for a flat payment of a percentage of the relevant business volume.(7) International turnkey project: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete.1. (1) Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:1. The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2. Different countries usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards convertion etc. uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4. Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.(2) Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption of resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Thday, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade.(4) Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.The second kind of investment, portfolio investment, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.(5) Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.(6) How is it different from licensing?In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.(7)Under what condition is a management contract most applicable?When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.(8) In what way is its variant BOT different from it?BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.5. Translation:（1）国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

国际商务英语复习题.doc国际商务英语复习题国际商务英语单元综合测试（一）I. absolute advantage 绝对利益3. farm produce 农产品5. roll-on and roll-off traffic 滚装滚卸运输7. GDP 国内生产总值9. Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议11. 贸易壁垒 trade barriers13. 电子数据交换 EDI （ Electronic DataInterchange ）15. 跨国公司母公司parent MNC17. 非关税捲垒 1 non- tariff barrier19. 进口关税 import duties国际商务英语单元综合测试（二）1. documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证3. n et position 头寸5. clearing system 清算系统7. the validity period 有效期9.leading bank 主要银行11 .循环信用证 revolving credit13. 即期信用证sight credit15. 信用证 the letter of credit17. 提单bill “lading19?自有承运人 private carrier2. Partial shipment 分批装运 4. c lean bill of lading 清洁提单 6. confirming bank 保兑行8. contract carrier 契约承运人10. revocable credit 可撤销信用证 12. 国际价格协议 international price agreement 14. 海关发票customs invoice 16. 商业全球化globalization of business 18. 销售合同 sales contract 20. 互购贸易counter purchase1证券交易所 2最惠国条款 3。

commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判 6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费 5. FOB Under Tackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5.war risks 战争险 6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4.sociocultural factors 社会文化因素 5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercialinvoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer withoutengagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement 5.支付货币money of payment 6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation 7.营销战略marketingstrategy 8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring(1) budget a. an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for theexclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area(2) return b. money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at an agreed percentage of the selling price of theproduct(3) portfolio c a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others tomake and sell a newly-invented machine or process(4) royalty d. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, includingprohibitions and quotas, etc.(5) expertise e. the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits forpurposes other than controlling(6) licensor f. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product readyfor use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc(7) patent g. an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated period, usu. a year used asa guide in making financial arrangements(8) non-tariff barrier h. the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of theinvestment(9) turnkey contract i. expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how(10) franchise j. a person or company granting a licence答案：1 g 2 h 3e 4b 5i 6j 7c 8d 9f 10a21 affiliate a. the total annual income of a state22. assets b. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area23. world company c. to bring under the control or ownership of a nation24.facilities d something that is put in business operation25. revenue e. well-being26. decentralize f. organization structure27.nationalize g. something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particularservice28. welfare h. a subsidiary company controlled by another29. framework i. a multinational whose national identity has been blurred30. input j. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.1h 2j 3i 4g 5a 6b 7c 8e 9f 10d21.service a. to restrict one's economic activities to certain particular fields22.abundant b. to develop the use of , make the best use of23. specialization c. something done to help or benefit others24. primary d. relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study25.incentive e. a natural gift or ability26. alternative f. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person27. intuitive g. producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well28.efficient h. plentiful, more than enough29.endowment i. that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else30.exploit j. those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or rawmaterials1c 2h 3a 4j 5f 6i 7d 8g 9e 10b21. drawback a. to make prominent; to draw special attention22. highlight b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported23. bulky c. done by one side or party only24.perishable d. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods25. tariff e. taking a lot of space, and often of shape difficult to handle26. specific duties f. money sent by post27. ad valorem duties g. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods28. unilaterally h. easily to go bad29. maritime i. duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when reexported30. remittance j. connected with the sea or navigation1i 2a 3e 4h 5b 6g 7d 8c 9j 10f21. business line a. an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties22. voluntary offer b. the main body of a contract23. contract c. absolutely necessary24. indispensable d. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer25. contract proper e. the party to whom an offer is made26. contracting parties f. a contract made by the buyer27. force majeure g. signatories of an agreement28.purchase contract h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer29.firm offer i. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party30. offeree j. goods dealt in by a company1j 2d 3a 4c 5b 6g 7i 8f 9h 10e21.insured a.a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy22.premium b, a person who carries on insurance as a business23.potential loss c. something given or received as an equivalent for loss24. viability d. a combination of funds formed for common advantage25. claim e. the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value26.margin f. loss which is possible to incur27.underwriter g. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract28.consumption h. a person covered by an insurance policypensation i. ability to succeed in operation30.pooling j. amount above what is estimated as necessary1h 2g 3f 4i 5a 6j 7b 8e 9c 10d21.purchasing power a. to take what is needed from, to exploit22. assess b. purchasing power parity23.spur c. considerable desire to make purchase for consumption24.average d. a person or an organization etc. that receives something25. productive e. of person, the public, having the money to buy goods and services26. tap f. of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount27. infrastructure g. to urge or encourage28. recipient h. producing in high efficiency or in large quantity29. consumerism i. to judge an amount or value30. ppp j. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc.needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce1e 2i 3g 4f 5h 6a 7j 8d 9c 10b21.debtor a. the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter22. default b. irregular movement of ( prices, exchange rates etc.)23.dubious c. the sending of money or the money sent24.draft d. financially satisfactory25. remittance e. an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money26. fluctuation f. doubtful, uncertain, questionable27. drawer g. a person who owes money28. sound h. prohibit, forbid29. ban i. the person to whom a draft is drawn30. drawee j. fail to carry out an obligation1g 2j 3f 4e 5c 6b 7a 8d 9h 10i21. peg a. the stock of gold coin and bullion ( gold bars ) held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the goldstandard22.redeem b, to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock23. settlement c. the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of goldor as compared with other currencies24. exchange rate d. to keep fixed or unchanged25. fluctuations e. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency26. gold reserves f. equal in value, on the same level27. money g. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.28. devaluation h. money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services29. offset i. upward and down ward movements in the economic system30. par j. to set one value against another or as equal to another1d 2b 3g 4e 5i 6a 7h 8c 9j 10f21.quota a. company expansion through the purchase of other business22. VER b. certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trademarks and designs, and copy-right23. acquisition c. a period of time during which tax is not levied24. synergy d. a way by which a place esp. property, can be reached or entered or used25. rebate e. the gain form an investment, either as income or yield or as profit in the sale of the investment26. intellectual property f. benefits from combining different businesses, normally claimed by the promoters ofmergers27. tax holiday g. reduce28. return h. a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms29.access i. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity30. joint venture j. an agreement by a country's exporters or government to limit their exports to anothercountry1i 2j 3a 4f 5g 6b 7c 8e 9d 10hIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of eachindividual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result inIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.FOB--- free on board (d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation inEnglish.31.UNCTAD is abbreviation for United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议P27payee:P218 the payee (beneficiary) is a person who is addressed to receive the remittance.collection order P229 the collection order is a standard form of authority that enables the exporter to include specific instructions to his bank regarding the documentary collection(跟单托收）.V. Answer the following questions in English.37. What are six commonly used trade terms?P86-89FOB, CIF, CFR, FCA, CPT, CIPV. Answer the following questions in English.36. What does "price" mean?P111Price is the amount of money that is needed to acquire some combination of a product and itsaccompanying services.V. Answer the following questions in English.35 What are the most commonly used payment methods in international settlement? P216The most commonly used payment methods in international settlement are remittance, collection, letter of credit, factoring, letter of guarantee and stand-by credit.36. What is remitting bank? P218Remitting bank is the bank transferring funds at the request of a remitter to its correspondent or its branch in another country and instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of money to abeneficiary.37. What are the major items of a collection order（托收委托书）?P229-230The major items of a collection order are as follows:name and address of the drawee, name and address of the remitting bank as well as the collecting bank, documents release conditions, store and insure clause, bank and other charges, protest clause, advise of dishonor, prior presentation, case-of-need. method of settlement,subject to URC, the signature of the draweeV. Answer the following questions in English.36.what should a successful business letter of establishing business relations contain?P262A successful business letter of establishing business relations should contain the following: the source of his information, his intention, the business scope of his firm and also its branches and liaison offices, if any, the reference as to his firm's financial position and integrityVI. Translate the following into Chinese.40.In the second half of the twentieth century, international business has become an important economic force. Today few, if any, countries are economically self-sufficient. Even China, with its vast human and natural resources, has not been able to remain aloof from the world economy. In the United States, international business touch people's lives daily. Common goods and services such as Shell gasoline stations, etc., often identified with the United States, are, in fact, foreign。

国贸英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a term related tointernational trade?A. ImportB. ExportC. Trade balanceD. Domestic market2. The process of importing goods from one country to another is called:A. ExportingB. ImportingC. TradingD. Negotiating3. What is the most common method of payment in international trade?A. Cash on deliveryB. Letter of creditC. BarterD. Consignment4. In international trade, what does the term "FOB" stand for?A. Free on boardB. Free of chargeC. Full option boardD. Future of business5. Which of the following is a risk associated with international trade?A. Currency fluctuationB. Market demandC. Product qualityD. All of the above6. What is the purpose of a commercial invoice ininternational trade?A. To provide a record of the transactionB. To serve as a legal document for customsC. To act as a contract between buyer and sellerD. Both A and B7. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is involved in:A. Setting trade policiesB. Developing trade rules and standardsC. Regulating international tradeD. Facilitating trade negotiations8. Which of the following is not a type of internationaltrade agreement?A. Free trade agreementB. Bilateral agreementC. Trade embargoD. Trade surplus9. What is the role of a customs broker in international trade?A. To negotiate trade dealsB. To facilitate the customs clearance processC. To provide financial servicesD. To manage international logistics10. The term "countertrade" refers to:A. Trading goods for other goodsB. Trading services for servicesC. Trading goods for servicesD. Trading services for goods二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The ________ is the difference between the value of a country's exports and imports.2. A ________ is a written promise by a bank to pay aspecified sum of money to a named payee.3. The ________ is the process of determining the value of goods for customs purposes.4. The term "CIF" stands for "Cost, Insurance, and ________."5. An ________ is a document that certifies the quality, quantity, and description of the goods being shipped.6. The ________ is a document that provides evidence of the ownership of goods.7. A ________ is a type of trade agreement that allows forthe exchange of goods without the use of money.8. The ________ is the process of determining the origin of goods for trade purposes.9. A ________ is a type of agreement where two or more countries agree to reduce trade barriers.10. The ________ is a document that provides a detailed description of the goods being shipped, including their value, quantity, and destination.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain the concept of "countertrade" in international trade.2. Describe the role of a letter of credit in facilitating international trade transactions.3. What are the benefits of using a commercial invoice in international trade?4. Discuss the importance of customs clearance in the process of international trade.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）1. Case Study: A company in China is exporting goods to the United States. The buyer requests a letter of credit as a method of payment. Discuss the steps the exporter should take to ensure a smooth transaction.2. Case Study: A European company is interested in importing products from a developing country. The developing country has imposed a trade embargo on certain goods. Analyze the potential implications for the European company and suggest alternative strategies for trade.五、论述题（每题30分，共30分）Discuss the impact of globalization on international trade and the role of multinational corporations in shaping global trade patterns.答案：一、选择题1-5 D B B A D6-10 B B B B A二、填空题1. Trade deficit or surplus2. Letter of credit3. Valuation4. Freight5. Certificate of quality6. Bill of lading7. Barter8. Classification9. Free trade agreement10. Bill of sale三、简答题1. Countertrade is a type of trade where goods are exchanged for other goods or services without the use of money. It can help countries with limited foreign exchange to engage in international trade.2. A letter of credit provides a guarantee of payment from a bank to the seller, reducing the risk of non-payment in international trade transactions.3. A commercial invoice serves as a record of the。

国际商务英语复习题国际商务英语复习题1.Vocabulary and Structure1.Please be informed that any additional freight will be__________buyers’account.A.toB.onC.inD.of2.You can fly to London to have the business talk this evening____you change planes in Paris.A.in caseB.providedC.unlessD.except3.We have been________with that client for so many years.A.contactingB.approachingC.doing businessD.getting touch4.We invite your_________to our enquiry without any delay.A.attendingB.attentionC.attractionD.interest5.Chinese cotton piece goods are quite_________in the Far Eastern market,of which we have had some experience.A.welcomeB.popularC.appreciated6.We would like to________that your price is on the high side on our buyer’s market./doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html rmB.adviseC.notifyD.announce7.Not until the seller ships the goods____to pay in the letter of credit.A.is the buyer requiredB.the buyer is requiredC.will the buyer be requiredD.the buyer will be required8.Everything______consideration,the price is reasonable.A.take intoB.taking intoC.being takenD.taken into9.It needs____that the L/C should reach us30days before the month of shipmentA.being mentionedB.mentionedC.to be mentionedD.mention10.The plane arrived late,thus_______us unable to leave for Guangzhou in time.A.makingB.madeC.makeD.to make11.Emphasis has to be laid on the point_______shipment must be made within the validity of the L/C.A.whatB.whichC.that12.In order to promote business between us to our mutual advantage,we shall consider______ payment by D/P at60days.A.acceptingB.acceptC.to acceptD.acceptance13.The good quality and novel designs of your products are_______to us,but the price is too high to work on.A.interestB.of interestC.interestedD.of interesting14.We are_____that our goods compare favourably with those of our rivals.A.opinionB.in our opinionC.of the opinionD.the opinion of15.As we are fully committed to bookings for months ahead,we regret our inability to_____any new orders.A.giveB.sendC.entertainD.place16.We confirm_______with you on the above goods and hope it will lead to more repeats./doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html ing to termsB.to come to termsC.that come to termsD.having come to terms17.We wish to stress that your quotation must be_______that ruling in the present market./doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html ply withC.according toD.in compliance with18.Not until this morning_______your delayed letter of credit.A.we receivedB.did we receiveC.we have receivedD.had we received19.We_______to allow you a special discount if you increase your order to5,000pairs.A.have preparedB.do prepareC.are preparedD were prepared20.If you don't________your price into line with the world market,you'll lose the business.A.cutB.bringC.reduceD.take21.We cannot make you an offer because the goods are_______.A.without stockB.out of stockC.not in stockD.no stock22.Our cotton piece goods are very popular in the Far Eastern markets,_______we have had some experience.A.thatB.of thatC.whichD.of which23.We are glad to learn that you are making plans to visit China________.B.during next monthC.next monthD.in the following month24.We find your quotation________,and,therefore intend to place a large order with you.A.attractiveB.attract our attentionC.attractingD.to be attractive25.There is_______reason to believe that the market price for Chinese silk garments is going to rise.A.everyB.someC.anyD.every one26.Sometimes it is very difficult for a businessman to decide______to sign the contract on the spot or to wait.A.ifB.whetherC.betterD.when27.The fact is_______we can never get enough goods to meet the requirements from all our customers.A.whyB.thatC.soD.this28.That is just______I'd like you to do to help me to obtain this large order from this customer.A.factB.thingC.whatD.which29.We are anxious to establish direct business_______with your corporation.A.relationB.contactC.relationsD.connection30.As the goods are in_______supply,the market will probably fall next week.A.shortB.plentyC.freeD.fresh31.Your full cooperation__________.A.will be highly appreciatedB.will be thanked very much.C.is very obligedC.is to appreciate32.As for the supply of Butterfly Sewing Machines,we suggest you_____our Shanghai branch office.A.get in touchB.get into touch withC.get in touch withD.get in contact33.We shall advise you________we are able to supply the goods again.A.asB.whileC.as soon asD.until34.As silk garments are in great demand,we do not usually grant any discount_____you could place an order for more than$50,000.A.untilB.unlessC.besidesD.except35.________an order for more than$50,000,we would allow a special discount of3%.A In caseB in the case thatC in the caseD In the case of36.In doing business with China,foreign firms should open their letters of credit______.A.through the Bank of ChinaB.with a bank acceptable to ChinaC.with the Bank of China or the Standard Chartered BankD.through a bank in London37.Since the establishment of diplomatic relations,trade between our two countries______to a great extent.A.was expandedB.is expandingC.has been expandedD.had been expanded38.We have received many inquires from our clients in Africa______men's shirts in different style.A.aboutB.onC.forD.as to39.We made you the following offer,subject to your cable acceptance____us not later than May 28,2006.A.reachesB.being reachedC.reachD.reaching40.It was after repeated negotiations that we finally______an agreement.A.arrivedB.enteredC.didD.reached41.We shall_______you as soon as the supply position improves./doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html rmB.advise toC.make known/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html municate42.Our client wishes to have his goods________by a direct steamer.A.to be shippedB.shippedC.shippingD.being shipped43.Your delay______the L/C was the cause of our late shipment.B for openingC.to openD in opening44.It is________mistake that we made out a wrong invoice for this consignment.A.byB.throughC.withD.because45.We can supply the goods you requireA.in stockB.out of stockC.from stockD.through stock46.An exporter cannot receive payment until the goods on consignment______sometime in the future.A.arrive at destinationB.are sold in a whole lotC.have been soldD.have offered for sale47.We cannot accept any fresh orders________heavy commitments at present.A.owing toB.becauseC.forD.with48.Obviously your recent quotation seems workable as it is in line with the________market.A.today/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html testD.now49.Our shipping advice was mailed to you ten days ago and you no doubt_______it by now.A.receivedB.will receiveC.have receivedD.have had received50.Your L/C must reach here next week,or else we won't be able to________the steamer sailing early in May.A.catch up withB.catchC.catch upD.catch hold of51.As the goods are ready for shipment,we_______your L/C to be opened immediately.A.hopeB.anticipateC.awaitD.expect52.The goods_______shipped already if your L/C had arrived by the end of last December.A.would beB.would have beenC.had beenD.must have been53.The recent exceptionally heavy demand for fur has made_______impossible to promise delivery within one month after receipt of letter of credit.A.thisB.weC.it/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html54.After shipment we shall draw on you______the expenses we have paid as per your instruction.A.allB.forC.withD.against55.We will______on a cash basis.A.conclude a transactionB.sell the goodsC.settle our accountD.make payment26.Please see to_______that L/C is opened by cable whenever order is place with US.A.themB.the matterC.itD.your way clear57.We advised your bank to________L/C no.12345to read"partial shipments are allowed".A.changeB.correctC.makeD.amend58.The Far East Trading Co.has expressed their desire to act_______our sole agent in their district.A.forB.asC.on behalf ofD.on being59.Please make preparations for shipment at an early date_______the goods before Christmas.A.so as to receiveB.in order to be able to receiveC.with a view to receivingD.so that we may receive60.Your price is too high_______in our market.A.to work onB.to work on itC.to work withD.to be worked at61)We have lodged a claim______the goods_____the insurance company_____USD6000 ______short weight.A.against,for,at,forB.with,from,at,forC.on,against,for,forD.on,to,for,because of62）If a claim cannot be settled within120days,we will notify the customer and continue to keepthem____________10days intervals until the claim is settled.A informing,for/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html rmed,atC.advise,at/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html rm,for63)We_______you that any fresh orders from you will always be carefully attended to.A.rest assuredB.ensureC.are ensuredD.assure64)You can_______a good market________Chinese black tea at our end.A.enjoy,forB.have,inC.find,forD.get,for65)Prices of raw materials_________steeply since our offer of October30.A.have went upB.raisedC.have risenD.increased66)We_________your early confirmation.A.very appreciateB.very much appreciateC.are appreciated forD.appreciate too much67)Shipment is to be________two lots:lot A to London and lot B to Hamburg.A.made byB.effected inC.covered toD.sent at68)It was after repeated negotiations that we________the transaction at long last.A.have done/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html e toC.concludedD.close69)Mr Smith inquired_______the supply possibilities of our silk products.A.aboutB.forC.ofD.into70)We advised our bank to________L/C No.5657to read“Partial shipment to be permitted”A.correctB.addC.amendD.change71)Obviously your recent quotations seem workable as it is_____line with the_____market.A.out,popularB.on,currentC.in,prevailingD.above,prevalent72)It is usual to____________you at sight as soon as shipment is made.A.pay/doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html rmC.draw onD.draft73)Our company________the import and export business of native produce.A.specialize inB.deals withC.handlesD.runs74)Our clients asked us to bring down our price because they considered it________.A.on the high sideB.out of the lineC.is running highD.is too high75)Much to our______,we are not in a position to make any offer since the item you needed is ______.A.regrets,with no supplyB.regret,out of stockC.sorry,no suppliableD.sorries,unavailable76)Kindly advise us of the steamers that call______your port every month.A.onB.atC.inD.for77)For______commodities as oil,sand and timber,rail is cheaper than road.A.unpackedB.unpackagedC.bulkD.bundled78)We will______you as soon as the new crop comes to the market.A.contact withB.contactC.contact toD.get contact79)Should your price______reasonable,we will place an order______you.A.is,withB.are,fromC.is,fromD.be,with80)Our manufacturers are heavily committed______orders for many months ahead..B.toC.byD.for81)The buyers look forward to_______their orders as soon as possible.A.yours acceptingB.your acceptance ofC.the acceptanceD.accepting82)You may_______that we will ship the goods next week without fail.A.assuredB.rest assuredC.be assureD.ensured83)Our buyers wish to have their goods________by direct steamers.A.to be shippedB.shippedC.shippingD.being shipped84)Please see to_______L/C is established by telex whenever an order is placed with us.A.themB.the matterC.your way clearD.it that85)At present we cannot accept any fresh orders________heavy commitments.B.owing toC.in addition toD.in account of86)A growing demand can_________increased prices.A.resultB.result ofC.result inD.result from87)We are glad to learn that you find our commodities___________.A.satisfactoryB.satisfyC.satisfiedD.satisfaction88)We have sent you__________separate cover two copies of our brochure.A.byB.underC.withD.in89)Any delay_________shipment will cause us inconvenience.A.ofB.inC.aboutD.for90)We_________your early confirmation.A.thank so muchB.very much appreciateC.receive with thanksD.appreciate too much91)As it______only a small quantity,we hope you will have no difficulty in settling this matter.A.has involvedB.involvedC.involvesD.may have involved92)We are prepared to make you a reasonable compensation,but not the amount you claimed because we______why the loss should be50%more than the actual value of the goods.A.understandB.cannot seeC.get no informationD.are not sure93)You must be responsible for all the losses____from your delay in opening the covering L/C.A.arisingB.risingC.arousingD.have arisen94)We regret to hear that several bags of the last_______were broken in transit.A.goodsB.shipmentC.parcelsD.items95)Please do your utmost to arrange______by the first available steamer.A.the goods shippedB.the goods to shipC.for the goods to shipD.for the goods to be shipped96)We always_______stress on the quality and we believe that the consignment of your trial order will surely turnout_________./doc/1197ccabd1f34693daef3e7f.html y..,to your satisfactionB.lie..,to your satisfactionC.make..,satisfactoryD.take..,satisfied97)If we had received your L/C,we_______the goods to you.A.have shippedB.had shippedC.would have shippedD.would ship98)It is entirely________our control that we have to cancel the remaining2,000dozen shoes of your Order235.Please kindly have the L/C_______accordingly.A.beyond...extended。

国际商务英语考研模拟试题一、单项选择题（共 20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分）1、The term “FOB” stands for ＿____A Free on BoardB Freight on BoardC Free of BoardD Freight of Board2、 Which of the following is not a factor of production?A LandB LaborC CapitalD Profit3、 The balance of trade is the difference between a country's exports and imports of ＿____A ServicesB GoodsC Both goods and servicesD None of the above4、 When a country's currency depreciates, its ＿____A Exports increase and imports decreaseB Exports decrease and imports increaseC Both exports and imports increaseD Both exports and imports decrease5、 The most common form of trade protectionism is ＿____A TariffsB QuotasC SubsidiesD All of the above6、 Which of the following is not a function of the World Trade Organization （WTO)？A To promote free tradeB To resolve trade disputesC To provide financial assistance to developing countriesD To set international trade rules7、 The letter of credit is a document issued by a bank at the request of the ＿____A ExporterB ImporterC CarrierD Customs8、 In international marketing, the process of dividing the market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics, or behaviors is called ＿____A Market positioningB Market segmentationC Market targetingD Market mix9、 The economic system in which the government plays a major role in planning and regulating the economy is called ＿____A Market economyB Command economyC Mixed economyD Traditional economy10、 The theory of comparative advantage was proposed by ＿____A Adam SmithB David RicardoC John Maynard KeynesD Milton Friedman11、 A joint venture is a business arrangement in which two or more companies ＿____A Merge into one companyB Share ownership and control of a new companyC Form a strategic alliance without creating a new entityD Compete against each other in the same market12、 Which of the following is not a form of direct foreign investment?A Greenfield investmentB Mergers and acquisitionsC Portfolio investmentD Licensing13、 The exchange rate at which a currency can be bought or sold immediately is called the ＿____A Spot exchange rateB Forward exchange rateC Fixed exchange rateD Floating exchange rate14、 The main purpose of countertrade is to ＿____A Avoid using hard currencyB Increase trade volumeC Improve trade balanceD Promote economic cooperation15、 In international business, cultural differences can affect ＿____A Negotiation stylesB Marketing strategiesC Management practicesD All of the above16、 The Incoterm that requires the seller to bear the risk and cost until the goods are unloaded at the port of destination is ＿____A CIFB CFRC DDPD EXW17、 Which of the following is not a characteristic of a global company?A Centralized decisionmakingB Standardized products and servicesC Local responsivenessD Narrow focus on domestic markets18、 The process of adapting a product or service to meet the specific needs and preferences of different countries or regions is called ＿____A StandardizationB LocalizationC GlobalizationD Customization19、 The main advantage of exporting is that it ＿____A Requires less investmentB Enables a company to enter new markets quicklyC Reduces risksD All of the above20、 The documentary collection is a method of settlement in international trade where the bank acts as a(n) ＿____A PrincipalB AgentC GuarantorD Insurer二、阅读理解（共 4 篇，每篇 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分）Passage 1International trade has become an essential part of the global economy It allows countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage and trade with other countries to obtain the goods and services they need This specialization and trade lead to increased efficiency and higher living standards worldwideHowever, international trade is not without challenges One of the main challenges is protectionism Some countries impose tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers to protect their domestic industries This can lead to trade wars and reduce the overall welfare of the global economyAnother challenge is the exchange rate fluctuations Changes in exchange rates can affect the competitiveness of a country's exports and imports A country with a depreciating currency may find its exports more competitive, but at the same time, it will have to pay more for importsIn addition, cultural and legal differences among countries can pose difficulties in international trade Different business practices, languages, and legal systems can make it complicated to conduct crossborder transactionsDespite these challenges, international trade continues to grow and evolve Technological advancements, such as the internet and improved transportation, have made it easier for businesses to reach global markets and conduct international trade1、 What is the main benefit of international trade?A Protection of domestic industriesB Specialization and increased efficiencyC Avoidance of exchange rate fluctuationsD Elimination of cultural differences2、 What is a major challenge in international trade?A SpecializationB Exchange rate stabilityC ProtectionismD Technological advancements3、 How do exchange rate fluctuations affect international trade?A They make exports and imports more stableB They have no impact on competitivenessC They can change the competitiveness of exports and importsD They always benefit the importing countries4、 What can make crossborder transactions complicated?A Similar business practicesB Common languagesC Technological advancementsD Cultural and legal differences5、 What has made international trade easier?A Trade barriersB Exchange rate fluctuationsC Technological advancementsD Cultural differencesPassage 2The World Trade Organization （WTO) plays a crucial role in promoting and regulating international trade It provides a framework for countries to negotiate trade agreements and resolve disputes The WTO's main principles include nondiscrimination, transparency, and predictabilityNondiscrimination means that countries should treat other WTO members equally This is achieved through the MostFavoredNation （MFN) principle, which requires a country to extend the same trade benefits it gives to one trading partner to all other WTO members The National Treatment principle requires that imported goods and services be treated no less favorably than domestic onesTransparency means that WTO members should make their trade policies and regulations publicly available and understandable This helps businesses to operate in a predictable environment and reduces uncertaintyPredictability is ensured through the binding of tariffs and other trade barriers Once a country has committed to a certain level of tariff or othertrade restriction, it cannot increase it without going through the WTO's dispute settlement processThe WTO's dispute settlement mechanism is an important tool for resolving trade conflicts If a country believes that another country's trade actions are inconsistent with WTO rules, it can bring a case to the WTO The WTO's decisions are binding and must be implemented by the member countries1、 What is the main role of the WTO?A To promote and regulate international tradeB To protect domestic industriesC To control exchange ratesD To encourage protectionism2、 What does nondiscrimination mean in the context of the WTO?A Treating other WTO members differentlyB Treating other WTO members equallyC Favoring some trading partners over othersD Ignoring WTO rules3、 What does transparency require WTO members to do?A Keep their trade policies secretB Make their trade policies publicly availableC Change trade policies frequentlyD Ignore other members' trade policies4、 How is predictability ensured in the WTO?A Through flexible trade barriersB Through unbinding tariffsC Through the binding of trade barriersD Through frequent changes in trade rules5、 How are trade disputes resolved in the WTO?A Through negotiations between the countries involvedB Through the WTO's dispute settlement mechanismC By ignoring the problemD By increasing trade barriersPassage 3Foreign direct investment （FDI) has become an increasingly important aspect of international business FDI occurs when a company invests directly in facilities, such as factories or offices, in a foreign country This can take the form of greenfield investment, where a new facility is built from scratch, or mergers and acquisitions, where an existing company is bought One of the main motivations for FDI is to access new markets By investing in a foreign country, a company can gain access to a largercustomer base and increase its sales and profits Another motivation is to take advantage of lower production costs Some countries offer cheaper labor, raw materials, or other factors of production, which can make it more costeffective to produce goods or services thereFDI can also bring benefits to the host country It can create jobs, transfer technology and management expertise, and stimulate economic growth However, it can also have some negative impacts, such as potential environmental damage or crowding out of local businessesGovernments often have policies to attract FDI, such as offering tax incentives, providing infrastructure, or creating a stable business environment At the same time, they also need to regulate FDI to ensure that it benefits the country and does not have adverse effects1、 What is foreign direct investment?A Indirect investment in a foreign countryB Direct investment in financial assets of a foreign countryC Direct investment in facilities in a foreign countryD Borrowing from foreign countries2、 What are the main motivations for FDI?A Access to new markets and lower production costsB Avoidance of taxes and regulationsC To harm the host country's economyD To follow fashion3、 What benefits can FDI bring to the host country?A Job creation and economic growthB Higher production costsC Environmental damage onlyD Decreased technology transfer4、 What do governments do to attract FDI?A Impose high taxesB Provide unstable business environmentC Offer tax incentives and infrastructureD Discourage foreign companies5、 Why do governments need to regulate FDI?A To prevent all benefitsB To ensure only negative impactsC To ensure it benefits the country and avoids adverse effectsD To make it difficult for foreign companiesPassage 4International marketing involves marketing products and services across national borders It requires a deep understanding of the target markets' cultural, economic, and political environmentsOne of the key challenges in international marketing is adapting the marketing mix to the local conditions The marketing mix consists of product, price, place, and promotion The product may need to be modified to meet local tastes, preferences, and regulations Pricing strategies need to take into account local income levels, competition, and exchange rates Distribution channels need to be established that are suitable for the local infrastructure and consumer behavior And promotional campaigns need to be designed that resonate with the local culture and languageAnother challenge is dealing with different legal and regulatory environments Each country has its own laws regarding advertising, product labeling, and consumer protection Marketers need to ensure compliance with these laws to avoid legal problemsCompetition in international markets can also be intense Local companies may have a better understanding of the market and established distribution networks Multinational companies need to have a competitive advantage, such as superior technology, brand reputation, or cost efficiencyDespite these challenges, international marketing offers great opportunities Expanding into new markets can increase sales and profits, and diversify business risks It also allows companies to learn and adopt best practices from different countries1、 What does international marketing require?A Shallow understanding of target marketsB Deep understanding of the target markets' environmentsC Ignoring local conditionsD Uniform marketing strategies2、 What does the marketing mix include?A Product, price, place, and promotionB Only product and priceC Only place and promotionD None of the above3、 What needs to be considered in pricing strategies in international marketing?A Only local income levelsB Only exchange ratesC Local income levels, competition, and exchange ratesD None of the above4、 What is a challenge in international marketing?A Absence of competitionB Similar legal and regulatory environmentsC Different legal and regulatory environmentsD Uniform consumer behavior5、 What opportunities does international marketing offer?A Reduced sales and profitsB Limited business risksC Increased sales and profits and diversified risksD None of the above三、翻译题（共 5 小题，每小题 4 分，共 20 分）1、 The economic crisis has had a significant impact on the global trade2、 We should take measures to protect the environment while promoting economic growth3、 The company is considering expanding its business overseas4、 International trade helps to allocate resources more efficiently5、 The new policy is expected to boost the domestic market四、写作题（共 1 题，20 分）Write an essay of at least 300 words on the topic ＂The Importance of International Business English in the Global Economy" You should present your own views and support them with examples。