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名词性从句讲解(最全版)名词性从句是一个从句，它在句子中充当名词的角色。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、同位语或介词宾语。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导，如that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
1. 作为主语：名词性从句可以作为主语，取代一个名词或名词短语，引导词通常为that或whether。
例如：- What you said is true.（你说的是真的。
）- Whether he will come is still uncertain.（他是否会来还不确定。
）2. 作为宾语：名词性从句可以作为及物动词或介词的宾语，引导词通常为that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如：- She asked me what I wanted.（她问我想要什么。
）- I don't know if/whether he will come.（我不知道他是否会来。
）3. 作为表语：名词性从句可以作为系动词的表语，引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如：- The problem is that she doesn't understand.（问题在于她不理解。
）- The question is who will take care of them.（问题是谁会照顾他们。
）4. 作为同位语：名词性从句可以作为同位语，解释或说明前面的名词或代词，引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如：- The fact that he lied surprised me.（他撒谎的事实让我感到惊讶。
）- His belief that she will succeed is unwavering.（他坚信她会成功。
名词性从句1.名词性从句的定义名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，这些从句可以作为一个整体来看，其作用就相当于一个名词，在复合句中作主语，宾语，表语和同位语。
名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句四种。
2.名词性从句的连接词名词性从句通常由一个连接词和主句相连。
连接词很重要，它既是联系主句的纽带，又是从句的标志，通过连接词，我们可以辨认不同从句的性质。
一．从属连接词（在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能）A．that 只是引导名词性从句，本身并没有实际意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分。
That he will come to the meeting is certain.(主语从句)The fact remains that we are behind the other group.(同位语从句)B．if和whether具有“是否”的意义，但是whether比较正式，在口语中人们经常if, if 和whether在名词性从句中尽管不充当任何的成分，但不可以省略。
C．whether不能替代if的情况1.if只能引导宾语从句（做介词宾语的情况除外），而whether 可以引导所有的名词性从句。
She asked if/ whether that was enough.Whether the football match will be played depends on the whether.The question is whether we can arrive there on bus.2.whether引导宾语从句做介词的宾语，if没有这种用法It depends on whether it will be fine.3.whether后紧跟不定式He was wondering whether to go home.4.or not 可直接跟在whether后面，但不可以直接跟在if后面。
名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。
一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。
因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，Where, why等词引导。
that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that主语从句的例句：That he was won the prize is true.It is true that he has won the prize.What he said at the meeting is right,Whether he will come or not is unknown.Whoever comes will be welcome. Why he did it is not quite clear.2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
名词性从句一.概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二.语序所有名词性从句都是引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).What we can't get seems better than what we have.The photographs will show you what our village looks like.He asked how much I paid for the violin.三.引导词引导名词性从句的引导词类别词义在从句中的作用从属连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分从属连词whether和if(是否)意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, whom, what,which,whose,whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语注意:名词性从句引导词,只有that在引导主语从句后置时,以及在引导宾语从句时有时可以省.其它情况下,以及其它名词性从句引导词均不能省.注意:只有在引导宾语从句(有些情况下不能用if代替whether)以及whether引导主语从句后置时才可用if.其它情况下,以及引导其它名词性从句时均不能用if.四.分类详解主语从句在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句.1.由从属连词that, whether引导的主语从句：▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省.That light travels in straight line is known to all. (that不能省)That he will succeed is certain. (that不能省)That he is still alive is a wonder. (that不能省)That the baby could speak made his parents very happy. (that不能省)That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. (that不能省)______ you don’t like him is none of my business.(1992上海高考试题)A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. WhetherAnswer：C▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首.也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if. (if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末.) Whether she will come or not is still a question.Whether the old couple enjoy the trip remains to be proved.Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.It was a problem whether they would support us.It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2.由关系代词who/whoever; whom/whomever(少); what/whatever; which/whichever; whose 引导的主语从句.Who will the win the scholarship is unknown.Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.Who murdered the present is being investigated.Whoever comes is welcome.Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lightsWhoever breaks the rule must be punishedWhoever breaks this law deserves a fine.Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.Whoever helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who/whom he will work with is still a secret.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whoever you fell in love with has nothing to do with me.whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever 已几乎不用).What you have done might do harm to other people.What must be done has been done.What is worth doing is worth doing well.What you said just now hurt her feelings.What impressed me most was his great responsibility for his work.What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.Whatever the parents do is for their children.Whatever you say is of no use now.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Which school will win the prize is not known.I read it in some book or other, does it matter which it was?Whichever you take will be yours.Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.Whose relatives lost their life in the shocking earthquake hasn’t been announced.3.由关系副词when; where; why; how引导的主语从句.When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.Where the English evening will be held is still under discussion.Why he often comes here is known to us all.Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.How he was successful is still a puzzle.How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.How and why Einstein had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.How much water is flowing can be measured easily. 水的流量是多少……主语从句的主谓一致问题①:单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数.When and where he was born hasn’t been found.How and why he came to the lonely small island is still a mystery.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.②:what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定.What we need are women workers.What we need is more time and money.4.it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后.这样句子结构就更加平衡.此时主语从句的引导词一般是that(一般不省,亦可省略),也可以是其它引导词.▲It + be +形容词+ that-从句It’s(im)possible/probable/important/necessary/fortunate/certain/clear/obvious/likely/natural/ strange that…It is probable that he told her everything.It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.It is likely that there will be a storm tomorrow.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在it’s natural/important/ necessary/strange that…结构中,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.It is natural that she should do so.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language．（上海1993）A. mastersB. should masterC. masteredD. will masterAnswer：B▲It + be +名词+ that-从句It’s a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/a surprise/a question/good news/no wonder/ common knowledge/high time that…It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much progress.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在此结构中若为surprise, a pity, a shame, no wonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).若为advice, desire, demand, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.It’s a pity that I (should) miss the lecture.▲It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It’s said/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/known to all /must be pointed out/must be admitted that…It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.It’s announced that the hostages have been released.It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.It’s known to us how he became a writer.其中在此结构中若为request, demand, require, beg, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, order, command, urge, desire等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.▲It +不及物动词+ that-分句It seems/appears/happens (to sb)/occurred to sb/turned out/doesn’t matter /make no difference that…It seems to me that you object the plan.It happened to me that I had been out when he called.It occurred to me that I forgot to shut the windows.It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.It makes no difference that you will go today or tomorrow.常将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
什么是名词性从句？名词性从句（Noun Clauses）是一个在句子中充当名词的从句。
它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语或补语的角色。
名词性从句通常由连词引导，例如that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why等。
以下是名词性从句在不同角色中的示例：1. 主语（Subject）：- What she said surprised me.（她所说的让我感到惊讶。
）- Whether we go or not is up to you.（我们去与否由你决定。
）2. 宾语（Object）：- I know that he is coming.（我知道他要来。
）- She asked me where I was going.（她问我要去哪里。
）3. 表语（Predicate）：- The problem is how to solve it.（问题是如何解决它。
）- His wish is that everyone gets along.（他的愿望是每个人和睦相处。
）4. 补语（Complement）：- The important thing is what you do next.（重要的是你接下来要做什么。
）- His goal is to become a doctor.（他的目标是成为一名医生。
）名词性从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和灵活，它可以替代一个独立的名词，并在句子中承担相应的语法角色。
名词性从句可以用于各种不同的语境，包括陈述句、疑问句和感叹句等。
需要注意的是，名词性从句的引导词可以根据从句的具体内容和功能而有所不同。
因此，在使用名词性从句时，我们需要根据语境和句子的需要选择适当的引导词。
了解和掌握名词性从句的概念和用法，可以帮助我们在英语表达中更加灵活和准确地使用不同类型的从句。
名词性从句一名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
1．主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略,有时为了保持句子平衡, that从句后置, 而由it作形式主语。
其他类似句型还有：It + be +important/ necessary/ obvious + that 从句It + be +reported/believed/thought/has been decided + that从句It + be +a pity/a shame/a fact/a surprise/ common knowledge+ that从句It + happens/occurs/seems/appears + that 从句That the driver could not control his war was obvious.It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.(2)if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数What we need is more time and money.What we need are many more books.2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。
其基本结构为: 主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。
(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外The teacher told us that the earth moves aroundthe sun(2)连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟or not时用whether I want to knowwhether or not they will come. 作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句He wasinterested in whether he saw her there. 连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether Hedoesn’t know whether to stay or not. 如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导I care ifhe will not attend the meeting.(3)当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略I think it certain that she will do well inher exam.(4)当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移I don’t think he will win the game, will he?(5)that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.(6)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句I don’t know if he will come.If he comes, I’ll let you know.注意：beg, insist, desire, command, order, suggest, advise, demand, require, request等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话, 从句谓语部分必须用should do。
名词性从句【考纲要求】1.考查名词性从句的语序陈述语序，即关联词在从句句首，其它部分用陈述语序。
克服这个问题的关键就在于找准从句的主语。
eg: I don’t know what made him so sad.2.考查连接词的使用①名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语。
②that与what的区别③whether, if的区别④疑问词 + ever与no matter + 疑问词的区别⑤定语从句与同位语从句的区别3.时态语态的呼应4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题一、名词性从句的类型名词性从句起名词的作用，按其在复合句中所作的成分可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句(有先行词)。
二、连接词的使用连接词：that(无意义), whether, if（是否）, as if/ though（好像，引导表语从句）在从句中均不作成分。
连接代词：who(指人，“谁”，作主语), whom（指人，“谁”，作宾语）, what（指物，“什么”，作主、宾、表、定），which(指物，“哪一个”，作主、宾、表、定，不引导同位从）whose（指人或物，“谁的”，作定。
）连接副词：when(什么时候), where（在哪）, why（为什么）, how（怎么样）在从句中作状语。
复合代词：whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever复合副词：whenever, wherever, however1.连接代词与复合代词的区别前者有疑问意义，如who “谁”，指具体的人，有特定范围。
后者不含疑问意义，如whoever“无论是谁”，表泛指意义，无范围可言，语气比前者强。
eg: Who will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Whoever enters the lab ought to get the permission of our teacher.无论谁进入实验室都应当得到老师的允许。
2.whoever, whomever两者的区别与who, whom 一样，whoever在从句中作主语，whomever在从句中作宾语。
3.疑问词+ ever与no matter + 疑问词的区别疑问词+ ever：可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句no matter + 疑问词：只能引导让步状语从句。
4.if 与whether的区别引导宾语从句作动词宾语时，二者常可通用，但在以下条件下不可：①引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句，宾语从句，只用whether.(if, whether引导的主语从句都可置于句尾，用it作形式主语置于句首。
)②宾语从句位于句首，介词后或作discuss的宾语时，只用whether.③与不定式连用，只用whether.④与or not直接连在一起使用，只用whether.（但由whether和if引导的宾语从句末尾都可以加or not）eg: I don’t care whether or not he comes.√I don’t care if or not he comes.×I don’t care whether / if he comes or not.√⑤用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。
eg: I don’t care whether he comes. 他来不来我不在乎。
⑥宾语从句是否定句时，只用if.eg: I don’t care if he doesn’t come. 他不来我不在乎。
【注意】if可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；whether可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”eg: Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.5.when, where引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别当when, where前面的名词是表时间，地点的词，则when, where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。
eg: They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.6.where引导的表语从句，有时用引申义，即“在某一点上”--The mother tries to do everything for her son.--That’s where she is mistaken.7.引导表语从句用because,不用as, since, for.8.the reason作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
eg: The reason why we didn’t trust him is that he has often lied.That’s/ It’s because / why ……三、难点解析1.that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别同位语从句一般跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面，用以对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明该名词所表示的具体内容。
这类名词常见的有：idea, promise, probable, truth, suggestion, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等。
1）引导同位语从句时，that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略。
引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，除了起连接作用，还作成分。
在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
2）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示其具体内容。
定语从句与前面名词是所属关系，起修饰作用，译为“……的”2.that的省略问题that引导宾语从句时可省，引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时，一般不可省略。
1）当that引导的从句与主句谓语动词或主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略。
eg: He judged that, because he was a child, he didn’t understand wine.2)当一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个及其以后几个宾语从句的that均不可省略。
3）当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正宾语时，that不可省略。
（主句谓语动词是make, consider, find, see, hear等时，用it作形式宾语。
）（某些作表语的形容词，如afraid, sure, happy, glad, certain后也带宾语从句。
）it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句放在后面时，that可省（注意：that引导的主语从句位于句首时，不可省略that.）eg: It’s a pity (that) you missed such a fine film.4)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不可省略。
(注意：that从句一般只作介词but, in, except, besides的宾语，若that引导的宾语从句作其他介词的宾语时，常用it 作形式宾语。
eg: He would have failed but that you helped him.Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.in that由于，因为，在于，既然except that除……之外，只是，可惜but that如果没有，要不是You can depend on it that I will always support you.你可以放心，我会永远支持你。
5）order, suggest, agree, argue, learn, observe, announce等动词后的宾语从句通常不省略that.6)某些形容词，过去分词后接宾语从句，连接词that可省略，这类词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied.eg: I am afraid you don’t understand what I said.3.时态问题1）状语从句中用一般时态表将来时2）宾语从句中，当主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，宾语从句可以使用所需要的任何时态。
当主句谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。
但是，如果从句表达的是科学真理或自然规律，那么从句时态不受主句时态的限制；若宾语从句中有明确的表过去时间的时间状语，则从句无需用过去完成时。
4.否定的转移主句谓语动词是think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine, seem, appear等表“认为，相信，猜测”的动词时，习惯上把否定放在主句谓语上，但否定的是从句。
若谓语动词为hope, be afraid，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
【注意】否定的转移必须满足两个条件：主句的主语为第一人称，谓语为一般现在时态。
如果不能同时满足以上两个条件，则不能进行否定的转移。
否定的转移时，其反义疑问句的部分常与从句的主谓一致。
eg: I don’t suppose we are going out tomorrow.I don’t believe she’s been to Australia, has she?She didn’t think I could work it out, did she?You always think that others misunderstand you, don’t you?5.名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用（1）宾语从句中的虚拟表坚持（insist）、命令(order, command)、建议(advise, suggest, propose)、要求(demand, require, request, ask, desire, urge)、决定(decide)注意：①suggest表“建议”，从句用should do虚拟，should可以省略；表“暗示，表明”，用真实句。
eg: I suggested Li Ping (should) apologize to his father, but he insisted that he was not wrong at all.②insist表“坚持要求”用虚拟；表“坚持说或坚持认为”，从句用真实句。
（2）主语从句中的虚拟1)It is natural/ important/ necessary/ surprising/ strange/ funny + that + 主语+ (should) do.2)It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder(难怪) + that + 主语+ (should) do.3)It is suggested/ requested/ ordered/ arranged/ decided + that + 主语+ (should) do.注意：有此用法的形容词多为表惊奇、不相信或理应如此的形容词。
