071910 托福基础口语第四节课--杭州新东方--娄佳佳--校园场景

北京新东⽅方学校托福⼜⼝口语初级讲义TOEFL Speaking Primary Training北京新东⽅方北美VIP托福⼜⼝口语教研组北京新东⽅方学校Chapter 1 ⼝口语常⽤用句式组织3 Chapter 2 独⽴立任务22话题1 ⼈人物22话题2 地⽅方22话题3 书籍23话题4 事24话题5 ⾷食物25话题6 交通26话题7 ⾳音乐26话题8 新闻27话题9 科技27话题10 环境28话题11 ⾐衣着29话题12 运动30话题13 学校30话题14 学习30话题15 健康31话题16 孩⼦子教育31 Chapter 3 ⽼老托听⼒力33 Chapter 4 综合题例题45Task345Task445Task546Task646 Chapter 5 ⾳音标及语法48Part 1: ⾳音标48Part 2: 语法56Chapter 1 ⼜⼝口语常⽤用句式组织a big loss for… ...的⼤大损失a bunch of… ⼀一些...a bunch of people ⼀一群⼈人a couple of ...⼀一些...a couple of years ⼏几年a flash of light ⼀一道闪光a lack of… 缺少…a large expanse of… … ⼴广阔的区域a legitimate concern 合理的想法a matter of time 时间问题a series of... ⼀一系列a species of… ⼀一种（指物种）…a sure thing 绝对的事a tremendous amount of … ⼤大量的...a waste of money 浪费钱a waste of time 浪费时间academic journals 学术期刊accomplish sth. 完成某事,实现某事according to 据...说achieve sth.; get sth. done 完成某事add sth up 把...加起来add up 累积admit to sb. 向…承认agree on… 在…上达成共识agree/disagree with… 同意, 反对ahead of time 提前, 先前, 事前all over… 遍布于…allow sb. to do… 使能做...appeal to sb. 对…有吸引⼒力apply for… 申请…apply…to… 把…⽤用于…are used to… ⽤用于...as a result 结果是, 因此as good as… 和...⼀一样好as many as possible 越多越好ask somebody for a deadline extension 向某⼈人请求延期at a huge cost 成本, 代价⾼高昂at least ⾄至少At the beginning of … ...的开始available 可利⽤用的avoid doing something 避免做...award ceremony 颁奖仪式be able to do… 有能⼒力做…be able to… 能够...be affordable for sb. 对某⼈人来说是可以⽀支付得起的be aware of… 知道...be comfortable with sth. 对…感到舒⼼心be committed to … 决⼼心从事…be concerned about… 担忧…be concerned about...关⼼心…be conscious of… 意识到...be covered with… 被覆盖…be crowded with… 充满…be determined to… 下决⼼心做...be directly exposed to … 直接暴露在…be essential for… 对…⾄至关重要be excited about… 对…感到兴奋be exposed to… 使暴露…be exposed to… 暴露于…be familiar with… 对…熟悉be good for… 对....有益be held responsible for… … 被追究责任be hinged in the middle 卡在中间be in great shape 状态很好Be interested in… 对...感兴趣be involved in… 参与...be likely to… 有可能...be likely to do … 有可能做...be likely to do/be… 可能...be limited to… 被限制在...be made of … 由…制成be more likely to… 更有可能去… be noted for… 因为...⽽而闻名be of higher quality 更⾼高质量的be popular with sb. 为…所欢迎be proud of sb 为…感到骄傲be qualified to do… 有资格做… be really good at… ⾮非常擅长于... be required to do… 被要求去做... be responsible for… 对…事情负责任be serious about… 对…认真be strict about… 对...严格be strict with… 对…要求严格be supposed to… 本应该...be threatened by… 受到…威胁be thrilled about… 对…感到激动be used to do… 过去常常做…be used to doing… 习惯于做…be viewed by sb. 被…观看be well prepared for… 准备充分be willing to do… 愿意做…be/get addicted to 对...上瘾be/get involved in… 参与…become used to… 习惯于…begin by doing... 以…开始beneath the Earth’s surface 地下benefit from… 从…受益benefit from… 从…获益best/perfect match 最好的搭配better understand… 更好地理解...a big help 帮⼤大忙big storm ⼀一场⼤大风暴block sb.’s view 阻挡了某⼈人的视线block out… 阻拦, 封闭body features ⾝身体特征break apart 分裂break down 分裂break down 崩溃，分解，分类，故障（机器）break down （机器、系统等）坏了break into… 突然发出, 闯⼊入...bring about… 造成，引起（某事）…；创造；实现build up 构成bus ride 搭公车bus schedule 公车时刻表by hand ⼿手⼯工的⽅方式，⽤用⼿手by the end of… 到…末by the time when…到某个时候by the way 顺便说说，顺便问⼀一下, 在途中call out 叫喊, 召集came out 出现campus security 校警catch up with… 赶上, 追上change one's mind 改变主意check the schedule 查看⾏行程choose to do… 选择做…clear sth. away 把…清除close to… 离…近come into contact with… 接触，交流come up with… 想出, 提出...come along ⼀一起来communicate sth. to… 把…传递给… compete with… 和…竞争complement goods 互补品conflict with… 跟...冲突consider sth. essential 认为...是⾮非常有必要的consider sth. late 把…看做是迟的continue doing sth. 继续做… convince sb. 使…相信count on… 指望，依靠cover sth. for sb. 替某⼈人做...cross one’s mind 突然想起, 偶然想到cut down… 削减…cut out… 剪掉, 删去,停⽌止deal with… 应付...deciding factor 决定因素decrease by… 下降了(+下降的具体数字)… depend on… 依靠develop new or diverse products 开发新的或不同的产品devote time to… 投⼊入时间做…difference between A and B A与B的不同different from 与…有所不同different kinds of… 不同种类的different perspective 不同的观点difficult situation (处于)困难的境地diffuse into… 渗透了...disagree with… 不同意...disappoint sb. 使…失望discontinue/eliminate the service 终⽌止服务discourage sb. from… 阻⽌止…distract sb. 使…分⼼心do interviews ⾯面试do some good 有好处do sth. in advance 提前draw attention 吸引注意⼒力dress casually 穿着随意的drop out of 从...退出dry out 变⼲干，晾⼲干dry up ⼲干旱eight to ten times greater than… ⽐比…⼤大8-10倍enable sb. to do… 使某⼈人能够做…encounter new circumstance 遇到新的环境end up doing... 结束做…energy-efficient 节能⾼高效engage in… 参加，从事，忙于... enjoy doing… 享受做...equally well ⼀一样好established company 知名公司even if… 哪怕...even though… 即使, 虽然existing resources 现有资源expect sb. to do… 期待某⼈人做... extreme temperatures 极端温度fall in love with… 爱上…feel funny 感觉很奇怪feel like doing… 想要...figure out… 解决，想出… figure out… 弄清楚，明⽩白... final exams 期末考试find a solution 找出⼀一个解决⽅方案find out 发现（真相）find sth.+adj. 发现…怎么样first of all ⾸首先first-hand knowledge ⼀一⼿手信息fit into… 装进/融⼊入...fit right in 穿着正合适fix up 修理，安排focus on… 注视着...follow one‘s advice 听从某⼈人建议for instance 例如form a bridge 架⼀一座桥from place to place 到处，各地fulfil the requirement 达成要求full time work 全职⼯工作gain confidence 获得信⼼心get … done 完成…get a bad cold 重感冒get cancelled 被取消get caught 陷⼊入，被抓住get excited 兴奋起来get in touch with… 联系...get into an argument 争吵，争执get me wrong 误解我get quite upset 很沮丧，很不开⼼心get sth. done 完成…get stuck with sth. 卡在那⼉儿get to do sth. 有机会做…get used to sth. /doing sth. 习惯于… give a presentation 做演讲，做报告give in… 屈服，让步...give it a shot 试试give off 发出(味道)；长出（枝芽）give somebody a reminder 提醒某⼈人go ahead 发⽣生，进⾏行，前进go back and forth 来回⾛走go down 下降go over my notes 复习笔记go over 翻，转为，重温go shopping for sth. 购买…go through… 经受…go up against… 打败…go up/down 上升/下降grow attached to… 迷恋，着迷于...grow into… 成长为…hand in… 上交...handle major responsibilities for… 肩负主要职责happen to 碰巧，万⼀一hard on sb. 对某⼈人⽐比较苛刻hardly ever ⼏几乎不harsh climate 极端⽓气候have a concert 开⼀一个演唱会have a good time 玩的开⼼心have a hard time doing… 做…不容易have a positive/negative influence on 有积极/消极影响have already been waiting… ⼀一直在等…have an impact on… 对...有影响have control over… 控制…have doubts about… 对...表⽰示怀疑have little contact with… 跟…没什么联系have the ability to do… 可以...have trouble doing sth. 做...有困难have nothing to do with… 与…⽆无关health-conscious 有健康意识(的)hear from… 收到…的来信help sb. to do sth. 有助于某⼈人做某事help somebody out 帮助某⼈人hide from predators 躲避捕⾷食者highly developed ⾼高度发展／开发／发育的hold on to sth. 坚持human intelligence ⼈人类智慧，⼈人⼯工智能I am all for it 完全赞同，同意I am looking forward to sth. 对...很期望I can’t imagine… 我⽆无法想象… improve one’s performance in class 提⾼高课堂表现improve overnight ⼀一夜之间改善in a day or two ⼀一两天之后in a long run. 长时间in a row 连续in a rush 匆忙地in a way 在某种程度上；有点⼉儿in all directions 从各个⾓角度in an effort to… 企图，努⼒力想，试图要做… in connection with… 与…有关in exchange 作为交换in fact 实际上in one’s lifetime 在…的⼀一⽣生中in order to… 为了…in other words 换句话来说in particular 尤其in session 在开庭；在开会；在上课in spite of… 尽管…in terms of… 就…⽽而⾔言in that case 那样的话/那种情况下in the meantime 同时in the middle of 在…当中，之中in the past 在过去in time 及时in truth 事实上increase sales 提升销量in-demand 受欢迎的，⾮非常需要的，销路好的instead of… 代替，不是…⽽而是…interact with sb. 与...交流/互动interfere with one’s concentration ⼲干扰某⼈人的注意⼒力invisible 隐形的involve 涉及到I don’t like this sport, it involves too much physical confrontation; it is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸地......It is possible that… …是有可能的It takes …to do something. 做某事需要花费…年的时间。

新TOEFL基础走读班基础口语主讲人：董堂荣（上海新东方学校）Ten Tipsfor Cracking the Spoken EnglishTip 1: Be prepared to speak from the notes, not a transcript.✓15 seconds/30 seconds/ 20seconds✓Learn to make an outlineTip 2: Organize your thoughts and speech as a paragraph, not a standard essay.✓Never talk like a book.✓Topic + supporting detailsTip 3: Use familiar vocabulary.✓Be yourself and be conversational.✓Never try to ―sound‖ like a ―professor‖.✓Never freak others.Tip4: Use short, simple sentences.✓Official Answer:My grandmother has been a very important person in my life. She’salways given me excellent advice and encouraged me. For example,when I was senior year of high school, I was unsure about university .Icouldn’t decide between chemistry and math. My math marks werevery high, but I loved using the test tubes and mixing chemicals in thelad. My grandmother told me …….Tip 5: Vary your vocabulary and sentence structure.✓Example: The student is frustrated with her roommate. She is frustrated because she feels she does more cleaning work than herroommate does. Because she is frustrated about her roommate, shewants to change roommate.✓No.2: The student expresses a lot of frustration about her roommate.She feels very sad because she believes she does more cleaning thanher roommate does. She is upset about this that she wants to change apartner.Tip 6: Use transitions appropriately.✓Transition words can indicate:⏹1-sequence (first, second, next, then..)⏹2-connection (moreover, furthermore..)⏹3-contrast (however, but…)⏹4-example (for example, for instance, like)⏹5-explanation (therefore, because, due to.)Tip 7: Use idioms in moderation, but not slang.✓Use good idioms can show good language skills.✓Flying color: He passed the TOEFL with flying color.Tip 8: Pay attention to your pronunciation.✓Movie:⏹射手网：⏹美剧迷：⏹破烂熊：⏹人人影视：⏹豆瓣美剧组：/group/ustv/Tip9: Speak at an even pace and with a regular rhythm.✓Too quickly––nervousness✓Too slowly ––limitation✓Rhythm –– proper stress of word, proper pauses between phrases andclauses.✓Unstressed ––Function words⏹Articles:a,an, the,some⏹Prepositions:in, at,on,to, for.⏹Pronouns:I,you,he,she,it.⏹Conjunctions:and,but,yet.for,since⏹Auxiliary verbs: be,has/have,will✓Stressed –– Content words⏹Nouns:person,place,thing⏹Verbs and participles negatives:work,sing,no,not,do not⏹Adjectives:big,pretty,thorough⏹Adverbs:quickly,finally,too,very⏹Interrogative pronouns: who,what,where⏹Demonstratives pronouns:this, that,thoseTip10:Be concise✓Try to be brief but informative.✓Using cohesive devices is a good way to be concise.⏹ 1. √ pronouns––x repetition √save time⏹ 2. X unnecessary dependent clauses⏹ 3. √ parallel structureDictation is the best way to improve listening.听写/跟读——迅速提高听力✓云里雾里——听写✓听一句，写一句（以句群为单位）✓写下能听出的单词，不会的空格✓重复动作（不要太折磨自己）✓对照原文，找出弱点（音？词？句式？）✓口语复述/跟读——口3456/写1听写的要求✓以意群，句群为单位听写✓不要超过5遍✓听完再看文字答案✓不要做过难的文章听写✓不要做同一类型的听写Question1 &Question 2Your Answer: TST✓Topic sentence:⏹Personally, I would have to say that…(the person) I like most is …⏹In my view, (the person) I like most …⏹Concerning about this question, I definitely choose …as myfavorite …⏹When talking about my favorite … I have to mention …✓Supporting details:⏹And there are a couple of reasons to name.⏹My reasons are several fold …⏹My reasons are as follows …✓Conclusion (it depends):⏹Thus, in short, to conclude, in brief, in the end, in summary, tosum up, as already stated …⏹That is why I like … so much.⏹Above all, they are the reasons that I choose … as my favorite.⏹In general, I think the important qualities of … are …✓Transitional words:⏹Firstly, secondly, besides⏹Besides⏹For example⏹Such as⏹For instance⏹In additionPair-choice (A or B):✓Choose your position:⏹A↗●A↗(totally)●A↗+ B↘⏹B↗●B↗(totally)●B↗+ A↘⏹A↗and B↗（切入点）●It depends …●Vary from situation to situation●… while …●Different answer in different situations.✓Topic sentence:⏹As we all know …⏹I prefer to choose …⏹In my view …⏹In my opinion …⏹As far as I am concerned, … is better for me/students and here aresome of the important reasons.✓Template:⏹Concerning about this question, I think it depends on__________. If __________, like __________, I prefer to__________, because __________. On the other hand, if__________, __________ is better, because __________.Skill of Buying Time:✓You know …✓Actually I mean …✓As a matter of fact …✓Well …✓Which is quite obvious …✓Which is kind of …1. Describe People:✓Sample answer: Describe a person that you admire most and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples anddetails in your explanation.✓Template:__________ is the person that I __________ most.（点题）Nowadays, he/she is__________（描述）. Reasons number one,he/she is __________（素质1）. For example, __________.Moreover, __________. Besides this, he/she is also __________（素质2）. Whenever we have __________, __________. Finally,he/she is very __________（素质3）. Whenever he/she is__________. I learn a lot from him/her and that’s why I__________ him/her so much. (Because of these reasons, I choose__________ as my __________ person.)2. Describe Object:✓Sample answer: Describe one object that is of special value to you and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specificexamples and details in your explanation.✓Temple: The object that is of special value to me is __________.（点题）It is __________.（描述）To begin with, it was given by my__________.（历史）Whenever I saw it, I could remember the days Ispent with __________. Secondly, I was __________, I__________.（功能）The __________was of great assistance to me.I used this __________. Without it, I could __________.Because of this special __________, I __________.3. Describe Studying:✓Question 3Reading –– Listening –– Speaking:✓Reading: passage/75-100 words/45 seconds (Notice, Announcement) ✓Listening: monologue/ dialogue✓Speaking: 30 seconds to prepare/60 seconds to answer✓Campus-based question topic✓Reading: topic –– policy –– reasons✓Listening: 2 students (male/female) ––policy –– personal view（反驳）Your Task:✓Summarize an opinion about it.✓Explain the reason or the background.✓Connect listening and reading passages. (Agree/ disagree)✓No need to have personal opinion.Template:Topic: School Policy✓饮食：Hot breakfast eliminated new café, renew the cafeteria,remove the TV-set.✓住宿：Renovate dorm, off-campus students housing, summer dorm rent.✓交通：New shuttle bus, parking lot, no parking for freshman.✓艺文活动：Close art gallery, orientation activity (hiking), group activity.✓行政服务：Mentor service, expansion of university radio station,rebuild the teaching building,reduce heating cost.✓医疗保健：Health center, health insurance.✓课程/学习：Lab report, professional paper, cancel office hour, sculpture classes, advanced writing courses, reschedule marketingcourse, student-teach program, summer reading requirement.✓图书馆/电脑室：24 hour library during final exam, change seats, promote the library, online service, photocopy, rare books section,evening computer classes, apply for jobs in computer center.Question 4Reading –– Listening –– Speaking:✓Reading: passage/ 75-100 words/ 45 seconds/ provide background or context✓Listening: 2 minutes/ the professor will illustrate the topic more specifically✓Academic based topic✓Reading: term学术术语（notes）→引入语→concept（概念）→解释（概括）✓Listening: professor (inform) →examples✓The relationship between reading and listening:⏹分类：Classify, each kind, many kinds, divide into.⏹顺序：History, development, evolution, how.⏹研讨：Seminar, group, discussion.⏹因果：Disease.Template:Topic:✓市场营销、广告：⏹营销4M：Market, message, media, money.⏹抽样市场调查：MWBA.⏹产品定位：Product location.⏹广告的断章取义：Quoting from the text.⏹集体归属感：Affiliation.⏹客户满意度行销：Customer satisfaction.✓经济学：⏹正向外部性：Positive externality.⏹沉默成本：Sunk cost.⏹印象管理：Impression management.⏹系统性思考：System thinking.⏹加盟连锁商店：Franchise store.✓人类学、社会学、生态学、生物化学：⏹超国家组织：Supranational organization.⏹印第安人：Native Americans.⏹次级生态演替：Secondary ecological succession.⏹过敏反应：Allergy reaction.⏹安慰剂效应：Placebo effect.Question 5Listening –– Speaking:✓Listen to a conversation about 60-90 seconds✓20 seconds to prepare/ 60 seconds to answer✓Campus-based topic✓Problem & solution:⏹Student/ professor: office hour⏹Student/ staff: service encounter⏹Student/ student: students interaction✓Listening conversation example:⏹A: (Greeting)⏹B: But…/ If only…/ I’m having a problem of…⏹A: Suggestion 1 (How about…/ What about…/ Why not…/ Whydon’t you…/ You’d better…/ If I were you, I would…)⏹B: Sounds great, but… (纠结1)⏹A: Suggestion 2⏹B: Well, however … (纠结2)Your Task:✓Problem✓Suggestion 1✓Suggestion 2✓Your personal opinion✓ReasonsTemplate:Topic:✓课业：Seminar, study group, final draft, presentation, international新TOEFL基础走读班基础口语club president go abroad.✓打工问题：Low pay internship, assistant bad feedback.✓交通问题：Rent a van, car broke down, free-bus policy.✓住宿问题：No available dormitory, roommate, change dorm, keep pet, relative visit.✓校园活动：Speech competition, drama rehearsal, singing group no solo, outdoor musical festival.✓校刊/期刊：Photo quality, no movie review, interview a star.✓选课：Hot modern literature, drop history class.Question 6Listening –– Speaking:✓Listen to a 2minutes lecture✓20 seconds to prepare/ 60 seconds to answer✓Academic based topic✓1X + 2Y: topic (sentence) →how (A, B)Template:11。

新托福口语103个校园场景1. I can’t see my academic advisor until Friday.学业导师2. If I don’t ace final, i’ll get a B in the class.Get a A3. I need to get to the admissions office before five o’clock.招生办公室，招生办招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance officeregister /enrol in 登记。

报到4. I have to pull an all-nighter in order to be ready for the final exam.开夜车,指通宵学习或工作5. I need to find out whether Dr. Green is an assistant professor.助理教授(级别高于讲师而低于副教授) Associate professor副教授6. The assistantship doesn’t pay as much as I thought it would.(大学)研究生助教奖学金scholarship 荣誉奖学金teaching assistant 助教TA7. If I audit the course, I won’t get credit for it.旁听8. Two of the classes I am in are real bears.优秀9. I can’t go to the party because I am behind in my classes.10. If I don’t study more, I won’t be able to bring up my grades.11. I didn’t know the answer when the professor called on m e.12. I need to get to the class earlier so that I will be there when Dr.Peterson calls the roll.点名13. Carol has to call campus security to help her get her car started.驻卫警察队14. There aren’t enough carrels in the library.（图书馆中）小单间阅览室15. I need a new library card to be able to check out books.16. I was closed out of the English class I needed.17. My parents don’t want me to live in a coed dormitory.[俗]大学中男女同住的宿舍Coed. 男女兼收的coed school18. The college of education requires three letters of recommendation.19. I don’t have a cap and gown for commencement.毕业典礼20. I need to do more research before I meet with my committee.21. I need to speak with my advisor about my course request form.<美> (学生的)指导老师22. I need to be more organized so I won’t have to cram for my tests.临时抱佛脚/为应考临时死记硬背23. I can’t take enough credit hours to graduate this semester.学时，学分24. Since the exams were graded on the curve, a 95 was a B.25. I can’t cut class because I have too many absences.26. I can’t make a dean’s list this semester.优秀生名单，荣誉名册27. Joe needs to declare his major soon.28. I can’t meet with the department chair until after registration.系主任，系主任的职位29. I can’t find enough research on my dissertation topic.30. I can only take three distance learning classes.31. I have to drop out because I don’t have enough money for tuition.32. I can’t complete the assignment by the due date.33. I can’t take any elective classes this semester.34. I can't enroll in that class without taking the introductory class first.入门课，绪论课35. I already have one excused absence in D r. Mitchell’s class托词缺席a short absence 短时间离开an enforced absence 被迫离开He excused his absence by saying that he was ill36. I would be expelled if I helped you.开除，除名He was expelled from the schoolThe pupil was expelled for stealing.37. I need to meet with my professor to discuss an extension.（美）为非本科生开设的进修部，进修课a university extension大学补习部; 附设部分(夜大, 函授班等) extension course大学函授班(夜校等)开设的课程38. I have to go on a field trip Saturday morning, but my boss won’t let me off work.野外实习;实地考察旅行39. I can’t find a place to park on fraternity row.[美]大学生联谊会/兄弟会/一群同职业[兴趣, 信仰]的人; 同人; 社友;会友40. I need to register as a full-time student to be eligible for a loan.41. I need to get caught up before final exams.42. I ca n’t raise my G.P.A. if I take calculus.43. Bill needs to write a proposal before Tuesday if he wants to be considered for a grant.补助金；助学金；赠款；津贴44. I can’t find the head resident.舍监45. My friends have to hit the books this weeke nd so they can’t go to the party with me. [美俚]沉溺于; 埋头于46. The courses in the honors program are much harder than the regular courses. 荣誉项目47. I can’t ask Dr. Young for another incomplete.48. I can’t seem to find the desk for interlibrary loans.馆际借书馆际互借是图书馆之间根据协议，互相利用对方馆藏来满足本馆读者需求、开展馆际合作的一种形式，其标准的英文名称为Inter-library Loan，缩写为ILL。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO19口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO19口语Task4阅读文本： Social Learning One way people learn is by watching the behavior of others. Sometimes called social learning, this type of learning involves the process of learning to copy – or not copy – the action of another. By observing the results, or consequences, of another’s behavior, people learn, over time, to either imitate or avoid imitating that behavior. In general, people tend to imitate the behavior of another when they see that it leads to a desirable consequence – hoping to repeat it for themselves. Of course, the opposite is also true – people tend to avoid imitating the behavior of another when they see it result in an undesirable consequence. 托福TPO19口语Task4听力文本： Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. (male professor) OK, so an example to illustrate this, uh, you've often see this happen in families, let's say, there're these two kids, a sister and the brother. Uh, let's say the girl is six and the boy's four, and one day they're all out shopping with their mother, and they're in the store, and the girl sees a toy she wants. She asks her mother to buy, uh, to buy the toy for her but the mother says “no.” So, what does the little girl do? She starts crying and screaming and, you know, “Mommy, I want this!” And, finally, Mom gives in and says, “OK, fine, you can have it,” and buys the girl the toy.Now, don't forget, the little brother's there and he's watching all this happen, and maybe he sees these sorts of thing happen a lot, as mother giving in when his sister cries and screams. What do you think he's going to start doing when he wants something from Mom? He'll probably cry and scream, right?But, what if the opposite happened? Say Mom didn't give in and didn't buy the girl the toy, if fact, say, the Mom instead disciplined the girl for screaming and crying when they got home she didn’t let the little girl watch her favorite TV program. Again, the little boy is watching. Now, what’s the little boy likely to do if he finds himself in a similar situation and he wants Mom to buy him something? Chances are, he’s not gonna cry and scream. Right? 托福TPO19口语Task4题目： Use the examples from the lecture to explain the concept of social learning. 托福TPO19口语Task4满分范文： Sometimes people learn by watching the behavior of others, which is called social learning. And according to the professor there're two situations of this. When people realize that the behavior may lead to desirable consequence, they're likely to copy it. For example, a 4-year-old boy goes out shopping with his mother and his 6-year-old sister. And he sees how his sister gets the doll she wants by crying after their mother refuses her request to buy one. So next time the boy wants to get something he likes, he probably will do that, too. However, when people realize that the consequence is undesirable, they will not copy the behavior. Back to the boy, if his sister doesn't get the toy and is even punished later at home, like that their mother doesn't allow her to watch her favorite TV program, the boy probably won't scream or cry the next time he wants something from his mother. This is how social learning influences the boy's behavior. (171 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO19口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

老托听力文本目录校园类17+4=21 (2)第一篇宿舍噪音 (2)第一篇（打工场景） (10)生物类15+13=28 (12)第一篇reptile (13)第一篇（实验介绍） (20)天文类3+3=6 (26)第一篇Jupiter (27)第一篇（登陆月球和火星） (28)地球科学类5+12=17 (30)第一篇恐龙消失 (30)第一篇（地球interior） (32)人类学类5+3=8 (38)第一篇The origin of farming of prehistoric times (38)第一篇 (41)历史类16+31=47 (42)第一篇建筑 (42)第一篇（舞蹈） (50)人体生理心理学类2+7=9 (66)66第一篇（Baby hypothesis） (67)Business类4 (71)语言学类3 (73)校园类17+4=21第一篇宿舍噪音W: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren‟t much different than the old dorms, ju st some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street‟s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot o f noise that the single pane wouldn‟t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor‟s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I‟m better off than the people who‟ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven‟t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wa ll you‟ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn‟t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That‟s right.M: Well, I‟m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn‟t help. You should hang somet hing up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I‟d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.第二篇W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa‟s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It‟s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can‟t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I‟m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I‟ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it‟s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don‟t you follow me? It‟s easier just to show you.第三篇选课M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I‟ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that‟s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let‟s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That‟ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus isreally tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That‟s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn‟t affect my grade point average!第四篇学生抗议食堂W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that‟s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I‟ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What‟s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it‟s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert‟s okay?M: Yeah, that‟s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it‟s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.第五篇学习问题★W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim‟s Brief History of Time. And I don‟t know where to look for it?M: D id you check the status on the library‟s computer?W: I tried but I couldn‟t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim‟s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That‟s a really help!**********************************************************★M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it‟s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I‟m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn‟t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor‟s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I‟ll be able to find them.**********************************************************★M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I‟ll try to catch her then.第六篇打工场景M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I‟m excited about it. I‟m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I‟ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students‟ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That‟s what I wrote about --people‟s reaction to it. It‟s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they‟re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You‟re kidding! May be I‟ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I‟ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I‟ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I‟ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.第七篇学习问题W: Hey, Kevin, I haven‟t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going?M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It‟s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses ar e interesting enough, but… W: What‟s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it‟s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know y ou mean. I‟ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It‟s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It‟s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It‟s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn‟t it take up a lot of studying ti me？W: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that‟s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn‟t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don‟t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean‟s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.第八篇注册学校W: Here we are at registration again; I can‟t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It‟s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can‟t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It‟s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That‟s why the college doesn‟t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What‟s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.第九篇学习问题W: What‟s the matter? I‟ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That‟s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that‟s not the problem…it‟s just the…well, it‟s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don‟t car e for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, whichisn‟t my best subject. I really don‟t see why we even have to t ake science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that‟s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don‟t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don‟t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!十篇W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I‟ve got a big problem with the poetry course that‟s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I‟ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college?They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.第十一篇学习问题M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we‟re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room?W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.第十二篇买书M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality, but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who‟s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.第十三篇停车★M: I‟ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.第十四篇打工场景★Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W: Oh!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I‟m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact,some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!第十五篇打工场景M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let‟s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I‟ll see you then.第十六篇暑假出行M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I‟ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.第十七篇学习问题★Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains‟ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how thebrain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.第一篇（打工场景）It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year ofMedical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or traffic jams, for instance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!第二篇（选课场景）In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.第三篇（打工场景）Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program --- and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom workin such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!第四篇（Housing场景）I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students who have been here longest. Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get the second block, and second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on.You can use either your won or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.生物类15+13=28。