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《电子商务英语教程》-Unit12

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第十二章电子商务的翻译精品PPT课件

第十二章电子商务的翻译精品PPT课件

2
商务英语翻译
Disadvantages of e-commerce
1. Cost of installing systems and training staff 2. Keeping up-to-date with technical advances 3. Potential systems failures (viruses) 4. Fraud 5. The danger of hackers accessing customer files and
3
商务英语翻译
① 通过E-,online, cyber和其它词语连用构成新词
E-retailing电子化零售， E-directories电子化的厂商名录， electronic shopping mall网上购物中心
online publishing网上出版， online department store网上百货商店， online distribution channel网上经销渠道
2
商务英语翻译
IBM公司的定义
电子商务(Electronic Business) 电子商务指采用数字化电子方式进行商务数据交换和开展
商务业务活动。是在因特网的广阔联系与传统信息技术系 统的丰富资源相结合的背景下应运而生的一种相互关联的 动态商务活动, 在因特网上展开(http://). 电子商务系统指商务活动各方(商店, 消费者, 银行, 信息公司, 企业, 政府等)利用计算机网络技术全面实现在线交易电子化 的过程.
2
商务英语翻译
③消费者对消费者的电子商务 （Consumer-to-consumer/C2C）
消费者可以通过分类广告（如Classified ）直接将居 家用品（residential property）、汽车（cars）等卖给其他消费 者，也可在国际互联网上刊登广告提供服务或出售知识与技术 （selling knowledge and expertise）。

电子商务英语-E-Commerce-English--课件-Unit12

电子商务英语-E-Commerce-English--课件-Unit12

Word study
critically [ 'kritikəli ]
adv. 紧要地，危急地
Good management is critically important.
完善的管理措施极其重要。
typography [ tai'pɔgrəfi ] n. 排版
Typography plays a very important role in the work. 排版在作品中起着非常重要的作用。
Text Analysis
Step 3 Create and manage content. Obviously, the Web site needs content — the text, images, sound and video that deliver the information that site visitors expect. Content may come from a variety of sources, but getting the right content in place, making it easy for viewers to find, delivering it effectively and managing content to be accurate and up to date are crucial to the success of the online business. (译文)The primary criteria that visitors evaluate the content of a Web site include relevance, timeliness, reliability, scope and usefulness.

电子商务 英文版 第12章

电子商务 英文版 第12章

Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition
10
Identifying and Measuring Benefits (cont’d.)
• Measurements of other electronic commerce initiatives (cont’d.)
– Virtual communities and Web portals
Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition 8
Identifying and Measuring Benefits (cont’d.)
• Using Web sites to improve customer service or after-sale support
– Set goals of increased customer satisfaction – Reduce customer service or support costs – Example: Philips Lighting
• Setting electronic commerce initiative objectives
– Consider strategic role of project, intended scope, resources available
Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition 3
Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition 6
Identifying and Measuring Benefits
• Some electronic commerce initiatives
– Obvious, tangible, easy to measure – Example: increased sales or reduced costs

商务英语综合教程(中级) Unit 12-《商务英语综合教程》(中级)

商务英语综合教程(中级) Unit 12-《商务英语综合教程》(中级)

contribute to…
in real time
take…into consideration
on one’s way to do…
show off
as…as…
exceed expectations
deliver with integrity
develop a take-charge attitude initiated with confidence and enthusiasm
in communication; • 4. to learn how to use body language in
communication; • 5. to learn differences between men and
women in communication.
A. Brainstorming
intend to use in business communication?
B. Business Knowledge
Pre-reading Questions
1. How important do you think communication is in workplace?
2. What can be called an effective communicator? 3. Do you know any communication skills?
1. Which of the methods in the above box do you use most often for communicating?
2. Does your choice depend on… ● who you are communicating with? ● the purpose of the communication? ● something else? 3. Is there any other communication media you have used or

商务英语综合教程(下册)Unit 12 Foreign Exchange Trading-PPT文档资料

商务英语综合教程(下册)Unit 12 Foreign Exchange Trading-PPT文档资料

2 The Greeks and Romans commonly used gold as a
Unit 12 Foreign Exchange Trading
Text
3 The system worked well until World War I, when
trade was interrupted. After the war, currencies fluctuated widely in terms of gold and, thus, in relation to each other. The value of currencies was meant to be regulated by supply and demand (the market mechanism), but speculators often interfered with this mechanism. So in an effort to create more stable exchange markets, some countries, notably the United States, England, and France, returned to the gold standard. Except for a brief period in the early 1930s, the United States stayed on the gold standard. By 1971 it
Unit 12 Foreign Exchange Trading
Text
medium of exchange. Most world trade continued to be based on gold until the nineteenth century. But then industrialization in Western Europe and the United States had boosted world trade to such an extent that gold reserves were no longer adequate to meet the requirements. Governments introduced a par value of their respective local currencies in gold. Thus, the currencies were related to one another through a system called the gold standard. The gold standard system determined the value of all currencies based on gold. This meant the values of different currencies could be compared in terms of one another.

电子商务英语_Unit 12

电子商务英语_Unit 12

Unit 12 section BBanner Advertising （横幅广告）A major advantage of using banners is the ability to customize them to the target audience. One can decide which market segments to focus on. Banners can even be customized to one-to-one targeted advertisement. Also ,”force advertising”marketing strategy is utilized, which means customers are forced to see it. The disadvantages are high overall cost. If a company demands a successful marketing campaign, it will need to allocate a large percentage of the advertising budget to acquire a high volume of CPM. In addition, one of the major drawbacks of using banners is that limited information is allowed. Hence, advertisers need to think of a creative but short message to attract viewers.使用横幅的主要有优点是能够制定他们的目标受众。

一个可以决定哪个细分市场的集中地。

甚至可以定制一到一有针对性的广告横幅。

此外，“强制广告”的营销策略是利用，这意味着客户都被迫看到它。

电子商务Unit 12

电子商务Unit 12

Question 2
• What’s the difference between a tramp and a liner?
• A tramp is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings. It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space. It means “不定期船” in Chinese.
Question 9
• The seller who delivers goods is also called _____. • shipper • consignor
Question 10
• If there is no direct shipment from one port to the other, goods have to be unloaded at a port and reloaded on another ship. This is called _____. • transshipment
• 7. The problem is that all the shipping space has been booked up and direct steamsers sailing from GZ to your port next month are not available. • 问题是所有的舱位都已订满了，下个月 没有从广州驶往你港口的直达轮。 • book up订满

商务英语Unit 12 参考答案

商务英语Unit 12 参考答案

Unit 12 StrategyPart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 Your order is packed in cartons lined with ___C____________ material.A water-tightB water-provedC water-proofD water-proven2You may rest assured that the ______B_______ will be seaworthy.A packageB packingC packD packaging3We require the bicycles to be packed in a wooden case __C____ with soft materials.A fullB supportedC paddedD surrounded4 There is always a lot of ______B______ to attend to on a Monday morning.A lettersB correspondenceC communicationsD information5 We will pack the goods according to our usual practice if we do not hear from you __ B the contrary.A onB toC inD as6 The mass production C lower cost.A result fromB result onC results inD resulted with7 The overall D _____ of the case are 100cm×80cm×60cm.A volumeB weightC capacityD dimensions8 Please have the goods packed in strong packing, so as to prevent the case_____D____ damage.A inB out ofC outD from9 The notice given by the shipper after the shipment of the goods is called shippingC .A noticeB instructionC adviceD documents10 We hope that your customers will not object to A the goods in wooden case.A packingB packC wrapD wrapping11 Your body __C___ usually gives other people information about how you really feel.A looksB impressionC languageD relationship12 John and Jackson are business _____C________ and have arranged to meet at thesales conference.A representativesB customersC associatesD officers13 I’ve given the latest sales _____B_______ to our General Manager but he hasn’thad a chance to look at them yet.A amountsB figuresC volumeD facts14 Make sure that the addressee’s job ____A__________ is correct.A titleB styleC nameD type15 A well written letter always gives a good ______C________.A ideaB responseC impressionD point16 If you are __D___________ in attending, please let me know as soon as possible.A concernedB pleasedC wantedD interested17 You must _____A_______ your application by the end of the week.A submitB subdueC subscribeD subcontract18 We should ___B__ staff to maintain the no-smoking policy throughout thebuilding.A suggestB encourageC manageD discourage19 We are writing to _____D______ the arrangements we made with you.A conductB makeC confineD confirm20 I’ll put you _______C________ to the Sales Department.A overB offC throughD inPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 董事会board of directors2 工会代表union representatives3 合资企业Joint venture4 电影发行Film distribution5 经济运动an economy drive6 成本削减Cost cutting7 宗旨说明mission statements8 研究型公司a research-based company9 公司合并Company merger10 公司战略company strategy11 管理空缺Management opening12 管理团队Management team13 经销渠道Distribution channel14 并购acquisition15 商业伙伴Business partner16 发展态势development trend17 股东年度大会annual general meeting18 收购出价a takeover bid19 公司标志Company logo20 特许经营体制Franchising systemPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.The takeover is the biggest made by a western pharmaceuticals producers in eastEurope.该收购是西方制药生产商在东欧的最大的一次收购。

商务英语阅读Unit-12-叶兴国培训资料

商务英语阅读Unit-12-叶兴国培训资料

Business English: A Reading Course
Skimming略读;
Unit 12 Scanning寻读;
Survey浏览;
Comprehending细读;
Appreciating赏析.
1.Professional knowledge专业知识 ;
2. 背景知识Background information
随着时间的流逝，这就意味着来自于营销职位的总经 理的比例更高了。
KEYS TO EXERCISES
Business English: A Reading Course
TEXT A
I. F T T T F
II. B C A B D
III. 1. 这些时间可以更好地得到利用：如果你朋 友的工作地点离你的较近，你们就可以在 拼车时闲聊；如果乘公交车，你可以读报。
自身的力量解决这一问题---我们必须万众一心，携手对抗艾滋病。
Business English: A Reading Course
TEXT B： HOW MUCH TIME SHOULD CEOS DEVOTE TO CUSTOMERS？
Notes on the Text:
3. Tesco: 乐购，英国大型超市。它目前是英国最大的零售
我没有找到时间将所有的照片装入镜框。
TEXT A： 20 WAYS TO SAVE 20 MINUTES
Business English: A Reading Course
Notes on the Text:
2. “You will never get absolutely everything done, so you might as well get the right things done,” he explains. 他解释说： “你永远不可能把所有

商务英语 unit12

商务英语 unit12
Unit12 Business Negotiation
Preparation for Negotiation
Know Yourself Know Your Partner
Qualified Negotiator
Know yourself
Your strengths and weaknesses
Your products Managerial skills Technical abilities ………………………….
Terms and expressions to inquire
Please advise… Please advise by telex… Interested in … Please … Please quote… Please offer…
请告… 请电传告… 对…感兴趣，请… 请报价… 请发盘…
Counter offer
Rejection of original offer A new offer
Case Study
我某外贸企业向国外询购某商品， 我某外贸企业向国外询购某商品，不久接到 外商3月 日的发盘 有效期至3月 日 我方于3 日的发盘， 外商 月20日的发盘，有效期至 月26日。我方于 日电复： 如能把单价降低5美元 美元， 月22日电复：“如能把单价降低 美元，可以接 日电复 对方没有反应。后因用货部门要货心切， 受。”对方没有反应。后因用货部门要货心切， 又鉴于该商品行市看漲，我方随即于3月 日又去 又鉴于该商品行市看漲，我方随即于 月25日又去 电表示同意对方3月 日发盘所提的各项条件 日发盘所提的各项条件。 电表示同意对方 月20日发盘所提的各项条件。试 分析，此项交易是否达成？ 分析，此项交易是否达成？

商务英语实训教程上册上册 unit 12 Advertising教师参考_OK

商务英语实训教程上册上册 unit 12 Advertising教师参考_OK
10. offensive [ə'fensiv] 例句1：You will find it difficult to explain away your use of such offensive language.你使用这样无礼的语言是很难说得过去的 例句2：His remarks were deeply offensive.他的话非常无礼。
2021/6/27
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8. informative [in'fɔ:mətiv] 例句1：I hope you have found this series of articles to be informative, enlightening, and even a bit entertaining. 我希望您能觉得本系列文章信息量丰富、给人启 发，风格上甚至还有一点活泼有趣。 例句2：The tone of your letter should professional, positive and informative.务必保证你的求职信的基调是专业、 积极和翔实的。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้2021/6/27
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15. sponsor ['spɔnsə] 例句1：A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。 例句2：Surely you can tell us the sponsor’s name? 你一定可以告诉 我们赞助商的名字吧。
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17. transmit [trænz'mit; træns'mit] 例句1：The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.世界杯决赛现在正向五十多个国家现场转播。 例句2：A telegram will be the quickest way to transmit the message. 打电报将是传递这个信息的最快途径。

电子商务英语ECommerceEnglishUnit12

电子商务英语ECommerceEnglishUnit12

criteria [ krai'tiəriə ] n. 标准（criterion的复数）
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student's work? 你用什么标准来衡量学生的作业质量?
May 13, 2020
6
Word study
May 13, 2020
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3
Word study
overview [ 'əuvəvju: ] n.
概述
The opening chapter gives a general overview of the
subject.
开篇第一章是对主题的概述.
dedicated [ 'dedikeitid ] adj. 专用的，专注的
This award is a tribute to Walter's twenty years of dedicated service to the company. 这个奖项是对沃尔特20年来全心全意为公司效力的肯定。
May 13, 2020
4
Word study
self-hosting [ 'self'həusti ] n.
May 13, 2020
5
Word study
obviously [ 'ɔbviəsli ]
adv. 明显地
Obviously, the two sets of policies overlap and can
complement each other.
显然，两套政策有互相重复的地方，也可以互相补充。

商务英语 unit12

商务英语 unit12

Unit 12 E- Commerce
• A: So I am asking the right person. What is exactly e-commerce then?
• B: Well, e-commerce is electronic commerce. In a broad sense, e-commerce is a revolution of traditional business. It conducts online business data interchange activities, chiefly based on digital information technology. Specifically speaking, e-commerce means business transactions that take place over the Internet.
among on-line customers. It’s like an open free market. If you want to change your laptop for a new one, you can sell the old one here.
Unit 12 E- Commerce
communication • to learn how to write Thank-you Letters
Unit 12 E- Comme you shop online often?
• B: Yes. It’s very convenient and the price is even lower.
Unit 12 E- Commerce
• Learning Objectives • to learn basic words and expressions related to E-

商务英语Unit-12-参考答案

商务英语Unit-12-参考答案

商务英语Unit-12-参考答案Unit 12 StrategyPart I Business VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 Your order is packed in cartons lined with ___C____________ material.A water-tightB water-provedC water-proofD water-proven 2You may rest assured that the ______B_______ will be seaworthy.A packageB packingC packD packaging3We require the bicycles to be packed in a wooden case __C____ with soft materials.A fullB supportedC paddedD surrounded4 There is always a lot of ______B______ to attend to on a Monday morning.A lettersB correspondenceC communicationsD information5 We will pack the goods according to our usual practice if we do not hear from you __ B the contrary.A onB toC inD as6 The mass production C lower cost.A result fromB result onC results inD resultedwith7 The overall D _____ of the case are 100cm×80cm×60cm.A volumeB weightC capacityD dimensions8 Please have the goods packed in strong packing, so as to prevent the case_____D____ damage.A inB out ofC outD from9 The notice given by the shipper after the shipment of the goods is calledshipping C .A noticeB instructionC adviceD documents10 We hope that your customers will not object to A the goods in woodenPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 董事会board of directors2 工会代表union representatives3 合资企业Joint venture4 电影发行Film distribution5 经济运动an economy drive6 成本削减Cost cutting7 宗旨说明mission statements8 研究型公司a research-based company9 公司合并Company merger10 公司战略company strategy11 管理空缺Management opening12 管理团队Management team13 经销渠道Distribution channel14 并购acquisition15 商业伙伴Business partner16 发展态势development trend17 股东年度大会annual general meeting18 收购出价a takeover bid19 公司标志Company logo20 特许经营体制Franchising systemPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.The takeover is the biggest made by a western pharmaceuticals producers ineast Europe.该收购是西方制药生产商在东欧的最大的一次收购。

电子商务Unit-12

电子商务Unit-12

电子商务Unit-12在当今数字化时代，电子商务已经成为经济发展的重要驱动力，深刻地改变了人们的购物方式和企业的经营模式。

而在电子商务的众多方面中，Unit-12 所涵盖的内容无疑具有关键意义。

Unit-12 首先聚焦于电子商务中的消费者行为分析。

消费者在网络购物中的决策过程与传统购物存在显著差异。

在虚拟的购物环境中，消费者无法直接触摸和感受产品，因此他们更多地依赖于产品描述、图片、用户评价等信息来做出购买决策。

这就要求电商企业要精心设计产品页面，提供详尽准确且吸引人的信息。

同时，消费者的在线购物决策也容易受到社交网络、网红推荐等因素的影响。

电商平台需要善于利用社交媒体的力量，通过精准的营销手段吸引消费者的关注。

在物流与配送方面，Unit-12 强调了其在电子商务中的核心地位。

快速、准确和可靠的物流服务是提高消费者满意度的关键。

如今，消费者对于配送速度的期望越来越高，当日达、次日达甚至一小时达的需求逐渐增多。

为了满足这些需求，电商企业不仅要与优质的物流合作伙伴合作，还需要建立高效的物流管理系统，实时跟踪订单状态，及时处理物流中的问题。

此外，绿色物流的理念也日益受到关注，如何减少包装浪费、降低运输过程中的碳排放，成为了电商企业在物流环节需要思考的重要问题。

支付安全是电子商务 Unit-12 中的另一个重点。

随着在线支付方式的不断丰富，从传统的银行卡支付到移动支付、电子钱包等，支付安全的保障变得尤为重要。

电商平台必须采取严格的加密技术、身份验证措施，以防止消费者的支付信息被盗取。

同时，还需要建立健全的纠纷解决机制，处理支付过程中可能出现的问题，保障消费者的合法权益。

在客户服务方面，Unit-12 指出了其对于电子商务长期发展的重要性。

良好的客户服务能够增强消费者的忠诚度，促进重复购买。

通过在线客服、电子邮件、电话等多种渠道，及时回应消费者的咨询和投诉，解决他们在购物过程中遇到的问题，是提升客户满意度的有效途径。

电子商务英语lesson12

电子商务英语lesson12
_________. (7) The recipient decrypts the message sending from the sender with
__________. (8) The recipient confirms the signature with ____________..
术
bit [ bit ] n. 一点儿 signature [ 'signitʃə ] n. 签名 equivalent [ i'kwivələnt ] a. 等价的，
相等的n. 相等物 forge [ fɔ:dʒ ] v. 打制，想出，伪造 recipient [ ri'sipiənt ] n. 接受者 decrypt [ di:'kript ] v. 译，解释 decryption [ di:'kripʃən ] n. 译码 confirmation [ .kɔnfə'meiʃən ] n. 确
VERBS
1.f_rge 2._ns_re 3.d_cr_pt 4._ncr_pt
பைடு நூலகம்
Listening and speaking Role play
For Further Study
Practise with a partner
One person read the sentences below, the other replies according to the instructions in brackets（括号）, using the phrases above or something similar.
(1) __________ can protect the data traveling in the Internet. (2) The effect of cryptography often depends on the__________ of the key. (3) The _________ the key length is, the _______ the security is. (4) ________________ is more secure than handwritten signature. (5) The sender creates the digital signature encrypted with ___________. (6) Before sending the message and the signature, the sender encrypts them with
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digital currency token on-line transaction smart card encoded card value system payment medium middleman / intermediary
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
12.3.2.1 Give the Chinese equivalents of the following words or expressions:
1) electronic currency 2) paper-based medium 3) conduct transaction 4) on-line form 5) paper currency 6) financial cryptography 7) in essence 8) financial market 电子货币 纸质媒介 进行交易 在线形式 纸币 金融密码系统 本质上/ 本质上/实质上 金融市场
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
12.3.2.4 Sentence translation from Chinese to English
1)新的地下铁路将为去城市各处提供方便。（facilitate） 新的地下铁路将为去城市各处提供方便。 facilitate） The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city. 2)情况紧急, 非马上完成不可。（require） 情况紧急, 非马上完成不可。 require） 情况紧急 The emergency requires that it should be done at once. 3)它与个人支票相似，但它可以用于小额交易。 3)它与个人支票相似，但它可以用于小额交易。 ( be similar to ) 它与个人支票相似 It is similar to personal checks, but it is feasible for very small transactions.
12.3.2.3 Sentence translation from English to Chinese:
1) Electronic money, E-Cash, (also known as digital money, electronic currency, digital currency or internet money) refers to money which is only exchanged electronically. 电子钱，即电子现金，（亦称数字钱，电子货币， 电子钱，即电子现金，（亦称数字钱，电子货币，数字货币或网 ，（亦称数字钱 ，）是指只能通过电子方式进行交易的钱 是指只能通过电子方式进行交易的钱。 钱，）是指只能通过电子方式进行交易的钱。 2) It is also a collective term for financial cryptography and technologies enabling it. 它也是金融密码系统和技术运作的合称。 它也是金融密码系统和技术运作的合称。 3) The other form is off-line，essentially a digitally encoded card that could be used for many of the same transactions as cash. 另一种形式是可以离线使用的电子现金， 另一种形式是可以离线使用的电子现金，其实它就是一种数字编译 这种卡可以作为现金用于许多同类交易。 卡，这种卡可以作为现金用于许多同类交易。
Objective
Unit 12
Notes To Passage A Acห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ivities On Passage A
Notes To Passage B Activities On Passage B
Basic E-commerce Writing
Related Reading
Work online
5)有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗? ( replace) 有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗? Can anything replace a mother's love and care?
Passage A
E-Cash , The Natural Solution！ ！
1) E-cash, broadly defined, includes both smart-card based tokens of value and digital coins or other digital tokens of value (e.g. "digital checks"). 广义上说， 广义上说，电子现金既包括以智能卡为基础的代价券又包括数 字硬币或其它数字代币（ 电子支票） 字硬币或其它数字代币（如：电子支票）。 注解：本句中的过去分词短语broadly defined为插入语 为插入语， 注解：本句中的过去分词短语broadly defined为插入语，相当于 一个非限制性定语从句which defined；smart一个非限制性定语从句which is broadly defined；smart-card 是定语，修饰tokens tokens； value：代价券／代币。 based 是定语，修饰tokens；tokens of value：代价券／代币。 2) This off-line version (which also has on-line capabilities) is being tested by Mondex in partnership with various banks. 这种同时具备在线性能的离线版( 模式) 正处于由Mondex Mondex与各家银行 这种同时具备在线性能的离线版 ( 模式 ) 正处于由 Mondex 与各家银行 合作的试用之中。 合作的试用之中。 注解：Mondex：由英国西敏寺（ Group） 1990年开 注解：Mondex：由英国西敏寺（NatWest Group）于1990年开 发的世界上最早的电子钱包系统，1995年首先在英国的斯温顿 发的世界上最早的电子钱包系统，1995年首先在英国的斯温顿 市公开试用。1996年七月 年七月Mondex Ltd.成立 成立， 市公开试用。1996年七月Mondex International Ltd.成立，并 随后成为MasterCard International的重要附属卡 的重要附属卡。 随后成为MasterCard International的重要附属卡。
5) More and more banks and other financial intermediaries will serve simply as storehouses for money, lenders, and processing/verifying electronic transactions. 越来越多的银行和其它金融中介机构将只充当人们存钱的宝库、 越来越多的银行和其它金融中介机构将只充当人们存钱的宝库、 扮演贷款者的角色，以及负责处理和验证各种电子交易。 扮演贷款者的角色，以及负责处理和验证各种电子交易。
End Notes To Passage A
12.3.1 Critical thinking
1) What are the different names for “e-cash” ? 2) Can you define “e-cash” in your own words ? 3) What is the primary function of e-cash ? 4) Which model of e-cash does Mondex represent ? 5) Do you think e-cash will replace the currently-used paper currency one day, with so many advantages ?
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
博物馆藏有几幅代表这个艺术家早期风格的油画。 4)博物馆藏有几幅代表这个艺术家早期风格的油画。( represent ) The museum had several paintings representing the artist's early style.
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
12.3.2.2 Give the English equivalents of the following words or expressions:
1) 数字货币 2) 代币 3) 网上交易 4) 智能卡 5) 密码卡 6) 价值体系 7) 支付媒介 8) 中间商
Activities On Passage A
12.3.2 Translation practice
4) In essence, E-cash, actually an evolution from current paper-based mediums，combines the benefits of other transaction mediums. 从本质上说，电子现金实际上是从现代纸质货币演变而来的， 从本质上说，电子现金实际上是从现代纸质货币演变而来的，它 汇集了其他交易介质的各种长处。 汇集了其他交易介质的各种长处。