2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导班真题与答案总结

2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题总结各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科写作部分一、填空（每空1分，共12分）1、距今7000年左右长江流域文化区的代表性文化是________文化。

2、编钟为________时期的乐器。

3、目前所发现的世界上最早的印刷品是中国的________。

4、“六礼”这一婚俗起始于________代。

5、战国时期水工郑国修建的郑国渠位于现在的________省。

6、中国姓氏的来源十分复杂，司马这个姓是以________为姓的。

7、中国在汉代正式形成了封建教育体系，明确规定郡国设学，乡设________。

8、公元754年，冒死东渡日本成了日本律宗始祖的是中国名僧________。

9、准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地和________被称为中国的“四大盆地”。

10、通常人们所说的中国“四大菜系”，指的是鲁菜、川菜、粤菜和________。

11、中国的园林大致可分为皇家园林、私宅园林、公共园林和________四大类。

12、从总体上说，中国人突出的是对天地、君师与________的崇拜。

二、选择填空(将正确的选择写在横线上，每题1分，共10分)1、宋代在原有十二部经书的基础上加入了________，成了后人所说的“十三经“。

A、《孟子》B、《孝经》C、《论语》D、《尚书》2、茶最早是被人们当作________来使用的。

A、调料B、饮料C、药物D、食物3、据最新发现，中国在________时代就有了“十二生肖“的说法。

A、周朝B、先秦C、东汉D、魏晋4、“东南名园之冠”指的是________。

A、扬州的“个园”B、上海的“豫园”C、苏州的“拙政园”D、无锡的“寄畅园”5、中国有55个少数民族，他们的人口数量相关很大，人口最多的超过1500万，人口最少的在________以下。

1/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年北京外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

二外英语及翻译硕士英语1、《新编大学英语》NEW COLLEGE ENGLISH (2-4册）浙江大学编著外语教学与研究出版社2、《新编大学英语语法》外语教学与研究出版社二外俄语及翻译硕士俄语大学俄语《东方》，第二、三册。

外语教学与研究出版社二外法语及翻译硕士法语李志清（总主编）：《新大学法语》（1-3册），高等教育出版社，1993-1994年。

（或）孙辉：《简明法语教程》（修订版，上、下册），商务印书馆，2006年。

二外德语及翻译硕士德语1、殷桐生叶本度：《德语300小时》，外语教学与研究出版社。

2、肖佩玲、张人杰：《德语速成》，外语教学与研究出版社。

3、《新求精德语强化教程》，同济大学留学预备部，同济大学出版社。

2/9【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2二外日语及翻译硕士日语1、《标准日本语》初、中级（新版），人民教育出版社出版，日本光村图书出版株式会社，合作编写，2005年。

2、朱春跃彭广陆主编：《基础日语教程》（1-2册），外语教学与研究出版社。

二外西班牙语1、董燕生、刘建：《现代西班牙语》第一册，第二册，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年。

2、岑楚兰、蔡绍龙：《新编西班牙语阅读课本》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年。

考生在考研复习的过程中总是难免会遇到一些自己不清楚的问题，有些同学可能会感到比较苦恼，甚至影响自己的复习效率。

为了帮助考生更加顺利的复习，特别为大家归纳总结出了几门专业课的重难点知识复习，以便大家来参考复习，排除心中的苦恼，继续认真高效的复习。

2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题分享笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科知识部分一、填空（每空0.4分，共12分）（一）1917年1月_________在《新青年》上发表__________,针对旧文学的形式主义等弊端，提出文学改良的“八事”。

（二）鲁迅接受进化论，是因为受了严复所译赫胥黎的___________的影响。

（三）胡适、陈独秀发表文章，提出了文学革命主张之后，积极响应的还有______、______等人。

（四）中国新文学早期，除了文学研究会、创造社之外，重要的还有：A_______，代表作家是________、___________；B_______，代表作家是_________、_________、________。

（五）1928年，创造社、太阳社的__________、___________、________等人对_______等人发动的批判，是新文学阵营左派之间的一场误会。

（六）中华全国文艺界抗敌协会于_______年在_______成立，其会刊是________。

（七）毛泽东主席的《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表后，解放区文坛出现了一批优秀作品，主要有小说__________、_________等，歌剧__________及长诗__________。

（八）茅盾的三个连续性的中篇《幻灭》、《动摇》、《追求》组成长篇小说__________。

（九）曹禺的_____、_____、_____、_____等优秀剧作，为现代话剧创作开创了一个崭新的局面。

（十）《新儿女英雄传》的作者是_______和_______。

二、选择，把正确答案填入空处（每空0.4分，共6分）（一）鲁迅发表的第一篇白话小说是__________。

A、《怀旧》B、《阿Q正传》C、《药》D、《狂人日记》（二）历史剧《屈原》是__________的代表作。

2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导班真题与答案汇编各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科写作部分亚洲大陆海岸线约长：7万公里隆美尔死于：1944年平均每人占有径流量最多的洲是：大洋洲中岳嵩山分为太室山和少室山。

少林寺在：少室山“十月”又称：小阳春亚历山大大帝的父亲是：腓力二世被列宁称为“中国十一世纪最伟大的改革家”是：王安石欧佩克的总部位于：维也纳第一个实施三权分立的国家是：美国美国的国鸟是什么鸟：头鹰(秃鹰)拥有狼、鼬、鼠等动物的某一温带森林生态系统中，造成其生态不平衡的原因可能是:大量捕杀狼在中国，重庆市巫山县发现的“巫山人”化石，距今有多少万年？200“牛郎星”位于哪个星座? 天鹰座首先提出“夏时制”的是哪国人? 英国人按照清代皇陵的规制，红墙绿瓦用于：妃子、公主陵袈裟为什么也叫百纳衣？由许多块布补缀而成太阳系中行星最大的卫星是：木卫三唐朝之前是什么朝代？隋朝《风俗论》的作者是：伏尔泰而立之年是：三十岁大陆漂移假说的提出的时间？1912帝王陵区内的“神厨库”是做什么的？宰杀畜牲做祭品下列岛屿属于火山岛的是：大堡礁蒲松龄和曹雪芹谁出生在前？蒲松龄把占城稻推广到江浙和淮河流域种植的是：北宋政府董小宛是哪里人？南京拿破仑死于哪一年？1821第一个研究色盲，发现色盲遗传规律的是：道尔顿有一种动物叫“天子妃”，它是：猫下列哪个是欧洲仅次于伦敦的第二大金融中心？巴黎二十四节气是以阴历定的还是以阳历定的？阳历北宋改革影响最大的是宋神宗时期的：王安石变法“十国”中最大的一个割据政权是：南唐张骞第一次出使西域到达大月氏时，大月氏已占有哪里，从而已成为中亚一大强国？匝拉夫善和妫水唐太宗曾经派使者到印度，专门学习：熬糖法光波最长的是：红光速约为：30万公里每秒太阳在那一天离地球最远？夏至公元8世纪，大马士革是哪里的首都？阿拉伯王国下列国家中，核能发电量占本国总发电量比重最大的是：法国巴西的首都是哪座城市？巴西利亚银河系大约有多少颗恒星？1000多亿白马非马”出自谁口? 公孙龙下列哪个《射雕英雄传》中的人物是完全虚构的？洪七公穿越我国领土距离最长的纬线是：北纬40度地面附近的大气中，氧约占：21%“丹江”是哪条河的支流？汉水敦煌月牙泉俗名：药泉金代长城与秦汉时代长城的区别在于：堑深墙低人类可分为三个基本人种，其中“蒙古”人种也俗称为：黄种人年考研失败后，工作了四五个月，顶着家人反对的压力，毅然偷偷选择了辞职考研。

2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题答案笔记各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科知识部分【中国文学】一、填空1.国别史2.建安七子3.西洲曲4.南朝的宋初5.岑参6.温州杂剧7.酸甜乐府8.金瓶梅9.竟陵派10.阅微草堂笔记11，新青年12 故事新编13 戴望舒14 自叙传抒情小说15 倪焕之二、选择填空1、战国策2、九歌3、《文选》4、左思5、刘长卿6、苏轼7、_白朴8、施惠9、童心说10、黄遵宪11 星空12 郁达夫13 《幻灭》14 艾青15 青春之歌三、名词解释1．元曲——元代特有的文学艺术形式，包括元杂剧和散曲。

元杂剧是一种把诗歌、音乐、舞蹈、表演、宾白相结合，演出一个完整故事的戏曲艺术。

为平民百姓喜闻乐见。

散曲是由诗词演变而来、可以配乐演唱的歌曲，起源于民间小曲和少数民族音乐。

形式简单，坦率真挚，清新纯朴，所以会受到人民喜爱。

2．拟话本——短篇白话小说。

是明代文人模拟宋元话本写作的案头文学。

冯梦龙是其代表作家。

他毕生尽力于整理通俗文学，他编选加工的著名小说集“三言”（即《喻世明言》、《警世通言》、《醒世恒言》），对明代市民生活、道德意识都有深刻反映。

其中《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》篇是最优秀的代表作。

在冯梦龙影响下，凌濛初也编写了有名的“二拍”（即《初刻拍案惊奇》、《二刻拍案惊奇》），收入小说78篇。

对市民意识的社会思潮有了一定的反映。

四、简要评述中唐“新乐府运动”对乐府诗歌的继承与发展。

思想上，汉乐府民歌继承并发扬了《诗经》的现实主义精神，广泛地反映了两汉人民的痛苦生活，反映了两汉的政治面貌和社会面貌，同时还深刻地反映了两汉人民的思想感情。

具体表现为：1对阶级剥削和压迫的反抗。

2对战争和徭役的揭露。

3对封建礼教和封建婚姻制的抗议。

4讽刺统治者卖官的政治丑剧和权门豪家的荒淫生活。

2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题答案分享各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科知识部分【中国文学】一、填空1山海经2《离骚》3山水诗4王昌龄5柳永6警世通言7临川四梦8桐城派9孔尚任10吴趼人的《二十年目睹之怪现状》。

11 呐喊和彷徨12 胡适《尝试集》13 爱情三部曲14 老舍15 高晓声二、选择1司马相如2曹丕3《诗品》。

4永明体5《使至塞上》6刘禹锡7柳宗元8红娘9金瓶梅10贾王史薛11 蘩漪12 沈从文13 上海屋檐下14 柳青15 平凡的世界三、名词解释1．江西诗派——以江西人黄庭坚为代表而得名。

主张以丰富的书本知识作为写诗的基础，“无一字无来处”。

积累古人的“佳句善字”，以备检用。

最著名的主张是："夺胎换骨"、"点铁成金"。

即或师承前人之辞、或师承前人之意的一种方法，目的是要在诗歌创作中“以故为新”。

还要求诗人以“自成一家”为努力目标，在下苦功掌握艺术技巧的基础上摆脱技巧的束缚而达到"无斧凿痕"的最高艺术境界。

成为宋代影响最大的流派。

江西诗派是中国古典诗歌发展过程中的一个重要环节。

其作品是宋诗的重要组成部分，其艺术风格是构成宋诗独特风貌的一个重要因素，它的诗歌理论也在中国文学批评史上占有一定的地位。

2．古文运动——中唐以韩愈、柳宗元为代表的文学家，为了挽救文坛危机，打着复古旗帜，提倡写秦汉那样的散文，反对骈文，并提出文以明道，文以载道，文以明理的主张，认为写文章应“有为而作”起讽喻和褒贬作用，同时也要重视作家的思想修养。

在语言上要“务去陈言”、“文从字顺”。

要把秦汉散文作为典范。

这个古文运动打击了骈文的写作，恢复了古文的创作传统。

四、论述题1、简述《史记》对中国文学的影响。

《史记》是伟大的历史著作，也是传记文学名著。

北京第二外国语学院《翻译硕士英语》考研样题I.Vocabulary and grammar(30’)Multiple choiceDirections:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1.Thousands of people turned out into the streets to_________against the local authorities’decision to build a highway across the field.A.contradictB.reformC.counterD.protest2.The majority of nurses are women,but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A.minorityB.scarcityC.rarityD.minimum3.Professor Johnson’s retirement________from next January.A.carries into effectB.takes effectC.has effectD.puts into effect4.The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to________government spending.A.financeB.expandC.enlargeD.budget5.The heat in summer is no less_________here in this mountain region.A.concentratedB.extensiveC.intenseD.intensive6.Taking photographs is strictly________here,as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludedD.denied7.Mr.Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_________.A.pull backB.pull upC.pull throughD.pull out8.Since the early nineties,the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand,always-available products and services that suit the customer’s_________rather than the company’s.A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience9.The priest made the________of the cross when he entered the church.A.markB.signalC.signD.gesture10.This spacious room is________furnished with just a few articles in it.A.lightlyB.sparselyC.hardlyD.rarely11.If you explained the situation to your solicitor,he________able to advise you much better than I can.A.would beB.will have beenC.wasD.were12.With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks,it is really hard to tell they are gay or_________.A.straightB.homosexualC.beautifulD.sad13.His remarks were________annoy everybody at the meeting.A.so as toB.such as toC.such toD.as much as to14.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he_________until yesterday.A.will comeB.was comingC.had been comingD.came15._________conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A.I was and always will beB.I have to be and always will beC.I had been and always will beD.I have been and always will be16.Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful,we will have to install_________solar heating device in our home.A.some type ofB.some types of aC.some type of aD.some types of17.I went there in1984,and that was the only occasion when I________the journey in exactly two days.A.must takeB.must have madeC.was able to makeD.could make18.I know he failed his last test,but really he’s_________stupid.A.something butB.anything butC.nothing butD.not but19.Do you know Tim’s brother?He is_________than Tim.A.much more sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman20.That was not the first time he________us.I think it’s high time we________strong actions against him.A.betrayed…takeB.had betrayed…tookC.has betrayed…tookD.has betrayed…takeII.Reading comprehension(40’)Section1Multiple choice(20’)Directions:In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read thepassages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity,but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx,once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,however,have helped reverse the decline of Welsh.Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English,and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages.Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages,spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language,particularly among young people,is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small,proud st month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly,the first parliament to be convened here since1404.The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom.With most of the people and wealth,England has always had bragging rights.The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,implemented by Tony Blair,was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland,Northern Ireland,and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution.Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament,the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than25percent.Its powers were proportionately limited.The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent.It cannot,unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh,enact laws.But now that it is here,the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly.Many people would like it to have more powers.Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in2003,of a new debating chamber,one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city.Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty.Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain,Portugal,and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women,boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones,the movie star,and Bryn Terfel,the opera singer.Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.And Wales now boasts a national airline,Awyr Cymru.Cymru,which means“land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales.The red dragon,the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur,is everywhere—on T-shirts,rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,”said Dyfan Jones,an18-year-old student.It was a warm summer night,and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli,an industrial town in the south,outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,Wales’s annual cultural festival.The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,”Dyfan continued.Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking,global youth culture and the new federal Europe,Dyfan,like the rest of his generation,is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.“We used to think.We can’t do anything,we’re only Welsh.Now I think that’s changing.”1.According to the passage,devolution was mainly meant toA.maintain the present status among the nations.B.reduce legislative powers of England.C.create a better state of equality among the nations.D.grant more say to all the nations in the union.2.The word“centrifugal”in the second paragraph meansA.separatist.B.conventional.C.feudal.D.political3.Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA.people’s desire for devolution.B.locals’turnout for the voting.C.powers of the legislative body.D.status of the national language.4.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.5.According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA.people’s mentality.B.pop culture.C.town’s appearance.D.possibilities for the people.Passage BThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history,one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock.But making sure it never happens again may not be possible,because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems.It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the20th century.The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the developed world.With the explosion of wealth,that began in the19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before.The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,warmth,shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify.That remarkable promise became reality in many ernments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly(Social Security in the U.S.).Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees.Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility—insome cases the promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions?The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself,a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history.For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been.Ultimately I’m on my own.Now it became,ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the1980s.U.S.business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively,with huge Layoffs.The trend accelerated in the1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality.IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible,and a few of whom killed themselves.The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades.President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare.Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions.To make costs easier to control,companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans,which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future,to defined contribution plans,which specify only how much goes into the play today.The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the401(k).the significance of the401(k)is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee.Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron?Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’401(k)accounts.That is,the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it.Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s401(k)contribution with company stock,so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio;but that could be regarded as a freebie,since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case.First,some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems,prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October,when the stock was falling,so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to. But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock.Many had placed100%of their401(k)assets in the stock rather than in the 18other investment options they were offered.Of course that wasn’t prudent,but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security.That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible.The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation.The shift back may take just as long.It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a20th-century quirk,and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that,like most people in most times and places,they’re on their own.6.Why does the author say at the beginning“The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A.Because the company has gone bankrupt.B.Because such events would never happen again.C.Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D.Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.7.According to the passage,the combined efforts by governments,layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA.people’s outlook on life.B.people’s life styles.C.people’s living standard.D.people’s social values.8.Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA.the corporate lay-offs.B.the government cuts in welfare spending.C.the economic restructuring.D.the warning power of labors unions.9.Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA.the401(k)made them responsible for their own future.B.Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C.their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D.Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.10.Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A.The401(k)assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B.Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C.Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D.Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.Section2Answering questions(20’)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each e only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions1～3For40years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself.But the2,400school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten Tors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition.The trek faces growing criticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor’s internationally rare bird species.The Ten Tors Challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season,when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds’chances of reproducing successfully.Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush eggs.They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn,when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well anisers of the event,which is led by about400Territorial Army volunteers,saymoving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek.Dartmoor is home to10rare species of ground-nesting birds,including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings.In some cases,species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin,South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB,took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply wanted it moved to another time of year.“It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part but,having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when birds are breeding is hardly ideal,”she said.“We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over.There is a risk of destruction and disturbance.If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest.”Helen Booker,an RSPB upland conservation officer,said there was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little doubt the walk was detrimental.“If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting.There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs.”A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from early March to mid-July,and the Ten Tors Challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period.There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004,“but until then any change was unlikely.The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next survey showed any further decline,it would increase pressure to move the Challenge,”he said.Major Mike Pether,secretary of the army committee that organises the Challenge,said the event could be moved if there was the popular will.“The Ten Tors has been running for42years and it has always been at this time of the year.It is almost in tablets of stone but that’s not to say we won’t consider moving if there is a consensus in favour.However,although the RSPB would like it moved,75per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is,”he said.Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season,most of the children were on holiday in the summer,and the winter weather was too harsh.Datmoor National Park occupies some54sq km of hills topped by granite outcrops known as“Tors”with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching621m.The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker.The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range.The origin of the event stretches back to1959when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers.In the first year203youngsters took up the challenges.Since then teams,depending on age and ability,face hikes of35,45or55miles between 10nominated Tors over two days.They are expected to carry everything they need to survive.1.What is the Ten Tors Challenge?Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2.Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3.What are the difficulties if the event is moved to the autumn or other seasons?Questions4～5Mike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island,in the suburbs of New York City.They were very close,even for brothers.So when Adam’s liver started failing,Mike offered to give him half of his.The operation saved Adam’s life.But Mike,who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health,developed a complication—perhaps a blood colt—and died last week.He was57.Mike Hurewitz’s death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community.Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reached some kind of ethical limit?The Mount Sinai Medical Center,the New York City hospital where the complex double operation was performed,has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program,pending a review of Hurewitz’s death.Mount Sinai has performed about100such operations in the past three years.A1-in-100risk of dying may not seem like bad odds,but there’s more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio.The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm.“For a normal healthy person a mortality rate1%is hard to justify,”says Dr.John Fung,chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.“If the rate stays at1%,it’s just not going to be accepted.”On the other hand, there’s an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks.If family members fully understand the risks and are willing to proceed,is there any reason to stand in their way?Indeed,a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as20%.The odds,thankfully,aren’t nearly that bad.For kidney donors,for example,the risk ranges from1in2,500to1in4,000for a healthy volunteer.That helps explain why nearly40%of kidney transplants in the e from living donors.The operation to transplant a liver,however,is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney.Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels,but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive.When organs from the recently deceased are used,the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best and to take as much of it as needed.Assuming all goes well,a healthy liver can grow back whatever portion of the organ is missing,sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest portion of the liver to a ually only the left lobe of the organ is required,leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of1in500to1in1,000.But when the recipient is another adult,as much as60%of the donor’s liver has to be removed.“There really is very little margin for error,”says Dr.Fung.By way of analogy,he suggests,think of a tree.“An adult-to-child living-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant,you’re splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive.”Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks,that doesn’t necessarily mean the operation should proceed.All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision,says Dr. Mark Siegler,director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago.“Sometimes the sicker the patient,the greater the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks.”If you feel you can’t say no,is your decision truly voluntary?And if not,is it the medical community’s responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision.But unexamined,for the most part,is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being.So far,we seem to be saying some risk is acceptable,although we’re still vaguer about where the cutoff should be.There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one.What the medical profession and society must decide is if it’s appropriate to let them do so.4.Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.5.What is the major issue raised in the article?III.Writing(30’)Some people see education simply as going to school or college,or as a means to secure good jobs; other people view education as a lifelong process.In your opinion,how important is education to people in the modern society?Write a composition of about400words on your view of the topic.1.坚定的决心请随时随地问自己：我到底想要什么?是想要，还是一定要？如果是想要，我们可能什么都得不到；如果是一定要，我们一定能够有方法得到。

2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题汇总各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

汉译英在网上找到了原文林语堂的《人生就像一首诗》我以为，从生物学角度看，人的一生恰如诗歌。

人生自有其韵律和节奏，自有内在的生成与衰亡。

人生始于无邪的童年，经过少年的青涩，带着激情与无知，理想与雄心，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深，收益也渐大；及至中年，人生的紧张得以舒缓，人的性格日渐成熟，如芳馥之果实，如醇美之佳酿，更具容忍之心，处世虽更悲观，但对人生的态度趋于和善；再后来就是人生迟暮，内分泌系统活动减少，若此时吾辈已经悟得老年真谛，并据此安排残年，那生活将和平，宁静，安详而知足；终于，生命之烛摇曳而终熄灭，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。

I think that, from a biological standpoint, human life almost reads like a poem. It has its own rhythm and beat, its internal cycles of growth and decay. It begins with innocent childhood, followed by awkward adolescence trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a manhood of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight easing of tension, a mellowing of character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, andthe gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time a kindlier view of life; then In the sunset of our life, the endocrine glands decrease their activity, and if we have a true philosophy of old age and have ordered our life pattern according to it, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into eternal sleep, never to wake up again.人生有童年、少年和老年，谁也不能否认这是一种美好的安排，一天要有清晨、正午和日落，一年要有四季之分，如此才好。

2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研辅导班真题与答案精选各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科写作部分亚麻的生产主要集中在哪一省份？黑龙江古代著名的水利工程都江堰是谁设计的：李冰父子东岳庙素以“三多”著称，其中不包括哪一“多”？和尚多是谁发现了好望角？迪亚士世界上最大的湖泊是：地中海特种工艺品景泰蓝也叫铜胎掐丝珐琅，它是哪里的特产？北京阿拉伯人属于：白种人是谁出卖了耶稣？犹大美国国旗星条旗最初制定时旗上有多少颗星？13颗文艺复兴时期的《忏悔录》是谁写的？卢梭从日月山流入青海湖的倒淌河的流向是：由东向西昭君墓为什么又叫做“青冢”？墓上草色常青湖南湖北的“湖”是指：洞庭湖哥伦布航海计划得到谁的支持才变成现实？西班牙王后我国的哪一个民族有纪念“盘古皇”的习惯？瑶族日冕的内层温度约为多少？100万摄氏度从长远来看，解决水资源利用问题的途径是：设法用最经济的办法淡化海水云南的“普洱茶”缘于：地名下面哪座山是中国佛教四大名山之一？峨嵋山下列丐帮帮主，最早的是谁？萧峰中亚地跨亚欧两洲的国家是：哈萨克斯坦历史上有热河之称的地方是：承德吴哥寺是世界上最大的印度教寺庙建筑群，它位于：柬埔寨蒙古语中的“召”，是什么意思？庙宇印度的麻纺织工业中心是：加尔各答在我国，自古就有“天府之国”美誉的地区是四川盆地我国最大的内陆咸水湖是：青海湖冬虫夏草自然生长在我国哪些地区？青藏、云贵高原及东北地区太阳的平均密度是多少？1.4克每立方厘米我国哪个民族喜爱饮用马奶酒？蒙古族每个帝王陵区只有一个主神道，一般修在谁的陵前？第一个埋葬者以下哪条瀑布最宽？黄果树以下哪座塔是元大都保留至今的重要标志，也是我国现存最早最大的一座藏式佛塔。

妙应寺白塔在我国，自古就有“天府之国”美誉的地区是：四川盆地"干冰"的成分是：CO2以下行星中不用天文望远镜不能看到的是：天王星我国最先出现的纸币是：宋代的“交子”发明了电话的科学家是：贝尔才思教育网址： 泼水节是我国哪一民族一年中最盛大的节日？傣族我国第一大湖是：鄱阳湖素有“沙漠之舟”之称的内蒙古双峰驼生长在：荒漠地区复活节岛地处：南太平洋牛郎星是哪一个星座的第一亮星？天鹰座月亮自转一周大约是地球上的多少天？27天东北大平原由松嫩平原、三江平原与哪个平原组成？辽河平原UFO的具体涵义是：不明飞行物我国第一座地热发电站是：羊八井中亚气候的最大特征是：干旱素有“煤铁之乡”之称的省份是哪一省？山西省夏季又名：昊天现存最著名的三大金字塔不包括：艾菲尔金字塔年考研失败后，工作了四五个月，顶着家人反对的压力，毅然偷偷选择了辞职考研。