中国矿业大学考博英语真题及其精解

2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact numberis hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two fee t stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项nguageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。

2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy —who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? Human development is based not only on innate biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.1．According to the author, feeling depressed is______.A．a mental scale present in all humans, including childrenB．a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childC．an inevitable part of children’s mental developmentD．something hardly to be expected in a young child正确答案：D解析：本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were‘depressed’until we were in high school”。

2006年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingClozeGenerally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【C1】______, the term usually refers【C2】______an electronic device that can【C3】______a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers【C4】______use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【C5】______in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【C6】______. Modern desktop【C7】______computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【C8】______computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【C9】______for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automate【C10】______require by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.1．【C1】正确答案：however解析：本题空格处的前面讲的是计算机通常是执行数字运算的设备，但目前……应填however“不过；然而”，表示转折。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These continual（）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.transitionsB.transformationsC.exchangesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项transition“过渡”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项exchange“交换；交流”；D选项fluctuation“起伏；波动”。

句意：温度的持续……使人没法决定穿什么。

只有气温上下波动，才让人不好选择穿什么衣服，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题Driving very fast on a rainy night is not（）with safety.问题1选项A.persistentB.consistentC.insistentD.existent 【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析与搭配用法。

A选项persistent“执着的；坚持不懈的；持续的”；B选项consistent“一致的；始终如一的；坚持的”；C选项insistent“坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的”；D选项existent“现存的；生存的”。

句意：在雨夜开快车是不安全的。

空格后有with，选项中只有consistent with表示“符合，一致”。

因此B选项正确。

3.单选题You cannot imagine how I feel（）with my duties sometimes.问题1选项A.overflowedB.overthrownC.overwhelmedD.overturned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项overflow“溢出；挤满”；B选项overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背弃”；C选项overwhelm“淹没；压倒；受打击”；D选项overturn“推翻；倾覆”。

2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingClozeThe Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【C1】______. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chontadurre” palm and a drink of’chicha”. When the sun has 【C2】______over the river, some of the younger women go【C3】______their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【C4】______maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【C5】______for drinking water and for “chicha”. Later they have to【C6】______the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【C7】______day involves much the same【C8】______. The men, who may have been hunting during the night, 【C9】______the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya” net. In January after the rains,【C10】______men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【C11】______, in August and September, they sow a【C12】______crop. Four months after each【C13】______, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【C14】______, and after the babies are【C15】______in their hammocks they discuss the day’s events.1．【C1】正确答案：breakfast解析：本题空格前面讲的是天一亮印第安人就起来了，因此这里准备的应是早餐。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2017年(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Section Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One. As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic **bined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond **pulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home. In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than aproducer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemaker—cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.•** growing number of schools in **munities** increase in the number of trained teachers•** expanding economic problems of schools** increased urbanization of the entire countryAABBCCDD该问题分值: 8答案:D本题定位于第一段第二、三句话“The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic **bined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The volcano laid（）now, but we felt sure it would erupt again within the year.问题1选项A.inactiveB.slackC.elevatedD.inattentive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。

inactive “不活动的，不活跃的”；slack “懒惰的，懈怠的”；elevate “举起，提起”；inattentive “不注意的，漫不经心的”；根据句意‘尽管火山目前是（）状态，但是我们确信今年它会再次喷发。

’确定A选项正确。

2.单选题With the increasing unemployment rate, female workers who are 45 to 55 years old are usually the first to be（）.问题1选项id asideid upid outid off【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。

lay aside “放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把…放在一边”；lay up“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；lay out“设计; 展示，安排”；lay off “暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意‘随着失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（）。

’确定D选项正确。

3.翻译题It’s no ble to seek truth, and it is beautiful to find it. It is the ancient feeling of the human heart, that knowledge is better than riches; and it is deeply and sacredly true. To mark the course of human passions as they have flowed on in the ages that are past; to see why nations have risen, and why they have fallen; to speak of heat, and light, and the winds; to know what man has discovered in the heavens above and in the earth beneath……. It is worthwhile in the days of our youth to strive hard for this great discipline. A man who dedicates his life to knowledge, becomes habituated to pleasure which carries with it no regret.【答案】追求真理是高尚的，发现真理是美好的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题没人否认创造力的重要性。

的确，今后当几乎所有的标准程序均由计算机来完成时，创造力会被证明为更重要。

然而，创造力与智力不能等同起来。

一位专家的聪明才智可能表现在~个或几个领域，但他对革新不一定感兴趣，或在这方面不一定成功。

与此相似，尽管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我们没有发现智力测试与创造力测试两者之间的重要联系。

的确，创造力好像更依赖于某种气质和个性一一敢于冒险，吃苦耐劳，锲而不舍，但首先要有改变现状，对社会留下深远影响的愿望，而不是提高各种信息处理的效率。

【答案】No one denies the importance of creativity. Indeed, creativity will prove more important in the future when almost all standard programming is done by computers. However, creativity and intelligence cannot be equated. An expert's intelligence may manifest itself in several or more areas, but he may not be interested in innovation or successful in it. Similarly, although innovation requires a certain level of mind, we have not found a significant link between tests of intelligence and tests of creativity. Indeed, creativity seems to depend more on a certain temperament and personality -- the willingness to take risks, to work hard, to persevere, to have a wish to change the current situation and make a far-reaching influence on the society, rather than improve the efficiency of processing all kinds of information.2.单选题A(n)（）test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required at school.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题常见虚拟词及其解析虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。

虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将就考试重点作详细讲解。

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一、虚拟语气的用法常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时,主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。

主句从句现在would/should/could/might+do be→were/do→did 将来would/should/could/might+do were to+do/should+do(只能用should)过去would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do→did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+do，那么主句中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。

例句：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk.(选自2007年Text1)分析：该句是复合句。

译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一个值得注意的现象。