Entrance Examination in English for Ph.D Candidates at CUMTB（November ,2007）提示：请将所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。
Part One: Cloze (15 points)If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or （1）in your work would depend, to （2）great extent,（3）your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.（4）the utmost importance is your attitude.A person （5）begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is （6）that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure（7）his belief that he is probably as capable （8）doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt near it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The（9）are that he will do well.（10）the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to （11）you capitalize on the strength and overcome the （12）that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first take stock of somewhere you stand now.（13）we get further along in the book, we'll be dialing in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening （14）skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your（15）, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.Part Two: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes - begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighbouring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information.Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.1.The word "exceeded" in paragraph 1 most probably means ____.[A] added up to[B] were more than[C] were about[D] were less than2.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short-lived tornado because____.[A] the computer is not used to forecast specific local events[B] the computers are not advanced enough to predict it[C] the weather data people collect are often wrong[D] weather conditions in some small regions are not available3.According to the passage, the word "Nowcast" (paragraph 3) means ____.[A] a way of collecting raw weather data[B] a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate way[C] a network to collect instant weather data[D] a more advanced system of weather observation4.According to the passage, ____ is the key factor to making "Nowcasts" a reality. [A] scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellites[B] computer scientist[C] meteorologists[D] advanced computer programs5.According to the author, the passage mainly deals with ____.[A] a tornado in Edmonton, Alberta[B] what's a "Nowcast"[C] the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecast[D] a breakthrough in weather forecastPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Paradise Lost is Milton's masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about "the fall of man", that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Milton's words, the purpose of writing the epic is to "justify the ways of God to men", but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of cruelness of the ruler in the poem. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritan's revolt against the dictator and against the established Catholics and the Anglican Church.In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler, seated on a throne with a group of angels about him singing songs to praise him. His long speeches are not pleasing at all. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are stupid. But Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, who rises against God and, though defeated, still persists in his fighting.Adam and Eve shows Milton's belief in the power of man. God denies them a chance to pursue forknowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to intelligent and active life. It has been noted by many critics that Milton's revolutionary feelings makes him forget religious doctrines（教条）. The angels who surround the God never think of expressing any opinions of their own, and they never seem to have any opinions of their own. The image of God surrounded by such angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch . But Satan and his followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republican Parliament.6.This passage is most probably ____.[A] a review of Milton's Paradise Lost[B] an introduction of what Paradise Lost is about[C] a depiction of the cruelness of the British ruler[D] part of an introduction to English literature7.According to the passage, Milton ____.[A] describes Satan as a Puritan[B] doesn't believe in God[C] is satisfied with the British ruler[D] calls on people to fight against the dictator8.In the poem, Satan is described as ____.[A] an evil person[B] contrary to what is depicted in the Bible[C] selfish and cruel devil[D] a stupid ghost9.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from this passage?[A] If Adam and Eve had not eaten the forbidden fruit, human being would be ignorant until now.[B] God acts like a dictator.[C] Satan and his followers are parliament members in the poem.[D] The angels are depicted as stupid in the poem.10.According to this passage, Paradise Lost is written for the purpose of ____.[A] praising God for the creation of the world[B] criticizing the cruelness of British ruler[C] changing people's unfavourable impression of Satan[D] expressing his support for the fight of SatanPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harris's attack on the developmentalists' "nature" argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people's child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.11. According to Ms. Harris, ____.[A] parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their children[B] parents will affect greatly the children's life in the long run[C] nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children's personality development[D] children's personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors12.Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?[A] Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.[B] Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.[C] Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.[D] Nurture has a less significant effect on children's personality development.13.According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.[B] Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.[C] It has been proved that peers have more impact on children's qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.[D] It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.14.The word "ditched" ( Line 1,Para. 4) could best be replaced by ____.[A] proved[B] emphasized[C] compared[D] ignored15. What is the author's main purpose?[A] To highly praise Ms. Harris's work.[B] To counter Ms. Harris's work.[C] To objectively report on Ms. Harris's work.[D] To critically comment on Ms. Harris's work.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit the attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.16. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A] The problems faced by leaders.[B] How leadership differs in small and large groups.[C]How social groups determine who will lead them.[D]The role of leaders in social groups.17. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT[A] recruitment[B] formal election process[C] specific leadership training[D] traditional cultural patterns18. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?[A] A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group[B] Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person[C] A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.[D] Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.19. In mentioning “natural leaders”in line 8, the author is making the point that[A few people qualify as “natural leaders”.[B]there is no proof that “natural leaders”exist.[C] “natural leaders”are easily accepted by the members of a group.[D] “natural leaders”share a similar set of characteristics20. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on[A ]ensuring harmonious relationships.[B]sharing responsibility with group members.[C]identifying new leaders.[D] achieving a goal.Passage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you..Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.21.The passage is mainly concerned with .［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball22.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that.［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny23.The author admits that.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football24.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).［A］The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result ［C］The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it25.We can safely conclude that the author.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPassage SixQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Improbable as it may seem, an increasing number of Germans are giving up their elegant Mercedeses, sleek BMWs and ferociously fast Porsches and getting behind the wheels of imported American models –fro plush Cadillacs to more prosaic Fords. Unlike the cars produced by Detroit’s European subsidiaries, these cars are as American as apple pie and watery beer. And thanks to a favorable exchange rate, they are more affordable than ever Last year Germans bought 12 477 new U.S. –built cars; sales are expected to double this year.Like blue jeans, this buy –America fad appeals to Germans from all walks of life. Once regarded as faulty, flashy, gas –guzzling Goliaths, American autos are –thanks in large measure to foreign competition –more stylish and reliable than in years past. Tugged, off- road vehicles like the four-wheel drive Jeep Cherokee are now the hot wheels to drive among Germany’s thirty- something set. Owners and Aficionados of American – made care also boast their cars are cheaper to maintain.But that’s not the main reason German motorists are choosing U.S. imports –It’s their price. Even after the cost of overseas shipping is included, American –made cars offer more value –and deluxe features –for less money than German models. A Chrysler LeBaron convertible sells for 35 000 marks; a BMW 320i convertible, by comparison, commands 10 000 marks more. And U.S. autos come with standard equipment – electric windows, automatic locks and sun roofs –that’s available only as expensive options on German models.Owning an American car in Germany is not for everybody. But the worst headaches come form the German bureaucracy. Johann Erben, a Greiburg dental lab technician, purchased a LeBaron convertible during a U.S. trip in November –and has yet to drive it one kilometer. First, he waited months for the proper registration documents to arrive; then he spent more than 1 000 marks to have it comply with German regulations. Even so, safety inspectors refused to approve it until he changed the headlights and windows to European Community standards. “There I was with my supermodern, $ 20,000 car and unable to get it through inspection,” Er ben recalled.26.Detroit’s European subsidiaries _______.[A]produce the same models as Detroit supplies in the U.S. market[B]provide cars of European styles[C]produce cars that are thought to be un-American by Germans[D]could hardly meet the demand for American cars last year27.The buy-American fad that appeals to Germans most seems to be _______.[A]blue jeans[B]apple pie[C]U.S.-made cars[D]watery beer28.As for Germans, American cars not only are cheaper but _______.[A]endures wear and tear[B]are adaptable to road conditions[C]provides greater space[D]offers more deluxe features29.Which of the following statements is true?[A]American cars used to consume a lot of oil.[B]Japanese cars still lead the German market.[C]The U.S. motor industry is now confident to cope with recession.[D]German cars are going to provide the same standard equipment as American-made cars.30.European Community standards probably are _______.[A]a law to control the amount of imported goods from other continents[B]a set of standards to inspect imported cars[C]a system to regulate measures of manufactured goods[D]a set of standards to control product qualityPart Three Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. His ideas are invariably condemned as by his colleagues.[A] imaginative [B] ingenious [C] impractical [D] theoretical2. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to against the local authorities’ decisionto build a highway across the field.[A] contradict [B] reform [C] counter [D] protest3. The majority of nurses arc women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a .[A] minority [B] scarcity [C] rarity [D] minimum4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to government spending.[A] finance [B] expand [C] enlarge [D] budget5. The heat in summer is no less here in this mountain region.[A] concentrated [B] extensive [C] intense [D] intensive6. Taking photographs is strictly here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.[A] forbidden [B] rejected [C] excluded [D] denied7. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s rather than the company’s.[A] benefit [B] availability [C] suitability [D] convenience8. The priest made the of the cross when he entered the church.[A] mark [Bj signal [C] sign [D] gesture9. This spacious room is furnished with just a few articles in it.[A] lightly [B] sparsely [C] hardly [D] rarely10. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely[A] unjustified [B] unjust [C] misguided [D] unaccepted11. The head of the Museurr was and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.[A] promising [B] agreeing [C] pleasing [D] obliging12. The multinational corporation was making a take-over for a property company.[A1 application [B] bid [C] proposal [D] suggestion13. The party’s reduced vote was of lack of support for its policies.[A] indicative [B] positive [CJ revealing [D] evident14. There has been a lack of communication between the union and the management.[A] regretful [B] regrettable [C] regretting [DJ regretted15. The family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.[A] normal [B] average [C] usual [D] general16. The new colleague to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.[A] confess [B] declares [C] claims [D] confirms17. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) room in the hotels here.[A] empty B] vacant [C] free [D] deserted18. Scientific research results can now be quickly to factory production.[A] used [B] applied [C] tried [D] practiced19. The computer can be programmed to a whole variety of tasks.[A] assign [B] tackle [C] realize [D] solve20. The team’s efforts to score were by the oppo sing goalkeeper.[A] frustrated [B] prevented [C] discouraged [D] accomplished21.1 only know the man by but I have never spoken to him.[A] chance [B] heart [C] sight [D] experience22. Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a b etween red and green.[A] difference [B] distinction [C] comparison [D] division23.You must insist that students give a truthful answer with the reality of their world.[A] relevant [B] simultaneous [C] consistent [D]practical24. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to with some of her most treasured possessions.[A] divide [B] separate [C] part [D] abandon25. The car was in good working when I bought it a few months ago[A] order [B] form [C] state [D] circumstance26.The customer expressed her for that broad hat.[A] disapproval [B] distaste [C] dissatisfaction [D] dismay27.In order to repair bams, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be .[A] restless [B] skilled [C]strong [D] versatile28.His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income.[A] comparison [B] proportion [C] association [D] calculation29.As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff meeting.[A] preside [B] introduce [C] chair [D] dominate30.The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.[A] origin [B] generation [C] descent [D] causePart Four Translation (20 points)Section A: Translate the following passage into Chinese.Of all the advantageous characteristics to have，I think that perseverance plays the greatest role in one's success. Other characteristics，such as intelligence，confidence，and honesty，are no doubt important，but they do not necessarily guarantee success. Perseverance offers no guarantees either，but I believe that this trait offers one more opportunity to succeed. There are several reasons why perseverance often leads to success. Firstof all，a man who has perseverance does not give up after a failure. He tries again and can，therefore，learn from his mistakes. Second，a persistent person is usually a hard worker，and hard work is an important ingredient in success. Last，with perseverance comes a certain amount of confidence - the confidence that one will eventually succeed.Section B: Translate the following passage into English.我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
