中国矿业大学2016年 博士英语真题

Patterns of trade and travel may encourage enthusiasms for language nguages other than English may become important regional business languages.Already the number of learners of Chinese as a second important language is on the increase.贸易和旅游的模式可能鼓励语言学习的热情。

除英语之外的语言可能成为重要的区域商务语言。

作为第二重要语言的中国学习者的数量已经增加。

Snowden's leaks of highly classified matrial have resulted in numberous news stories about U.S. surveillance activities at home and abroad and have caused debate about the legality of those activities and the privacy implications for average Americans.斯诺登泄露的高度机密的材料已经导致了许多关于美国在国内和国外的监视活动的新闻报道，引发了关于这些监测活动的合法性和对美国普通民众的隐私影响的辩论。

In addition to the dry period, people have never regarded water as a valuable natural resource. It is true that water is not a rare thing in the world. If it does not rain, the farmers will complain, but in the city with reliable water supply system, few people feel water shortage. We take it for granted that water is no more valuable than air. However, in part because of the increase in population, partly because of the terrible waste, water supply has become a big challenge in many parts of the world. This is a serious problem that can not be ignored. If we do not reduce blood cells, reduce waste, mankind will face disaster in the near future.除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成宝贵的自然资源。

2016年专业英语历年考试真题The year 2016 marked a significant milestone in the history of specialized English exams, as it saw the introduction of several key changes that reshaped the testing landscape. As we delve into the past exam papers, it becomes evident that the focus shifted towards a more practical and context-based approach, emphasizing real-world applications of English rather than just rote learning.The reading comprehension sections of the 2016 exams were particularly noteworthy for their diverse range of topics, ranging from scientific research articles to business case studies. This shift towards a more diverse content mix reflects a growing trend towards assessing candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts across different domains. Candidates were required to not only understand the literal meaning of the text but also to infer implied meanings, understand the author's intentions, and evaluate the credibility of the information presented.The listening comprehension sections also saw a similar trend, with conversations and lectures being designed to test the candidates' ability to extract key information, understand context, and make logical deductions. This section tested the candidates' active listening skills, requiring them to actively engage with the audio material and interpret it quickly and accurately.The writing sections of the exams were also updated to reflect this new focus on practicality and real-world applications. Candidates were asked to write essays and reports that模拟真实工作场景中的写作任务， emphasizing clarity, coherence, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. The emphasis on these skills is crucial in today's globalized workforce, where effective communication is a prerequisite for success.In the light of these changes, it is important for candidates to adopt a strategic approach towards their preparation. Firstly, they should focus on developing a strong foundation in the basic language skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. This foundation willprovide them with the necessary tools to tackle the more complex tasks presented in the exams.Secondly, candidates should expose themselves to a wide range of materials, including newspapers, magazines, podcasts, and online resources, to familiarize themselves with different styles and registers of English. This will help them adapt to the diverse content mix found in the exams.Thirdly, candidates should practice regularly, focusing on improving their speed and accuracy. This can be achieved through timed practice tests and mock exams, which willhelp them familiarize themselves with the exam format and develop the necessary test-taking skills.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing their critical thinking skills. This involves analyzing and evaluating information, identifying arguments and counterarguments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. These skills will be crucial in the writing and reading comprehension sections of the exams.In conclusion, the 2016 professional English exams marked a significant shift towards a more practical andcontext-based approach. Candidates need to prepare strategically, focusing on developing a strong foundationin basic language skills, exposing themselves to a wide range of materials, practicing regularly, and developing critical thinking skills. By doing so, they will be well-prepared to face the challenges of the exams and succeed in their professional careers.**2016年专业英语历年考试真题深度解析与备考策略**2016年对于专业英语考试来说，是一个具有里程碑意义的年份，因为这一年见证了一系列重大变革，重塑了考试格局。

AlphaGo是怎么学会下围棋的 2017北京地大考博群 221616188Where Computers Defeat Humans, and Where They Can’t AlphaGo是怎么学会下围棋的ALPHAGO, the artificial intelligence system built by the Google subsidiary DeepMind, has just defeated the human champion, Lee Se-dol, four games to one in the tournament of the strategy game of Go. Why does this matter? After all, computers surpassed humans in chess in 1997, when IBM’s Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov. So why is AlphaGo’s victory significant?由Google的子公司DeepMind创建的人工智能系统AlphaGo，刚刚在一场围棋比赛中以四比一的成绩战胜了人类冠军李世石(Lee Se-dol)。

此事有何重大意义？毕竟在1997年IBM深蓝(Deep Blue)击败加里·卡斯帕罗夫(Garry Kasparov)后，电脑已经在国际象棋上超越了人类。

为什么要对AlphaGo的胜利大惊小怪呢？Like chess, Go is a hugely complex strategy game in which chance and luck play no role. Two players take turns placing white or black stones on a 19-by-19 grid; when stones are surrounded on all four sides by those of the other color they are removed from the board, and the player with more stones remaining at the game’s end wins.和国际象棋一样，围棋也是一种高度复杂的策略性游戏，不可能靠巧合和运气取胜。

2016年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题（样题）SAMPLE TESTUNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR DOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the stateme nt, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university pr ofessors.A. postB. statusC. positionD. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in suppo rt of ___________ archaeological research.A. legibleB. legitimateC. legislativeD. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individu al. A. end B. hand C. core D. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.A. impededB. impartedC. imploredD. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.A. spell outB. call uponC. fall overD. resort to6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grosslyB. severelyC. rapidlyD. drastically7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a plea santer place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.A. elitismB. eloquenceC. eminenceD. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.A. alteredB. CriticizedC. incorporatedD. translated9.Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.A. overB. withC. downD. through10.While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.A.discriminatingB. distributingC. disagreeingD. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.A.find fault withB. make the most ofC. look down uponD. get even with12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveB. evasiveC. intensiveD. exhaustive13.In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.A.intoleranceB. pessimismC. injusticeD. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.A.count B .insist C.fall D. dwell15.When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator. A. hearts B. tempers C. heads D. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.A.at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price of17.In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.A.equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical18.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.A.honestlyB. graciouslyC. coherentlyD. flexibly19.The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance inB. imagination atC. resemblance toD. predominance over20.She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end. A. shout downB. get roundC. comply withD. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources. It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996)21.A. one B. it C. this D. there22.A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. Executed23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24.A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25.A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26.A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27.A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably28.A. in B. with C. as D. to29.A. least B. late C. latest D. last30.A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31.A. on B. up C. down D. out32.A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33.A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34.A. line B. move C. drive D. track35.A. if B. or C. while D. asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective. The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base. As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36.The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.A.finding the most important cause for a particular historical eventB. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37.The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory”apples to the eventC. determining the common strands that make up a historical eventD. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38.The best definition for the term “historical synthesis”would be ______________.A. combining elements of different material into a unified wholeB. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an eventC. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventD. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself39.A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit”of a time period because ____________.A.the events in history are more important than the people who make historyB. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical eventsC. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actionD. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base40.Which of the following statements would the author consider false?A.One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses.C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage 2When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task for a large department.Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos. A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area. (Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.) Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the car—patrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, the computer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not beclogged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.A. Computers and CrimesB. Patrol Car DispatchingC. The Powerful ComputersD. The Police with Modern Equipment42.A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.A.locate every patrol carB. guarantee cars on regular patrolsC. keep in touch with each police carD. find out which car should respond to the incoming call43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.A.the dispatchers will be bored with itB. the officers may become carelessC. the criminals may take advantage of itD. the streets will be in a state of chaos44.The computer dispatching system is particularly good at ______________.A.assigning cars to regular patrolsB. responding to the incoming callsC. ordering officers to report their locationD. making routine patrols unpredictable45.According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?A.Police officers report their status constantly.B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.46.According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to ______________.A.tell it in a creative wayB. take from it what the child likesC. add to it whatever at handD. read it out of the story book.47.In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author’s attitude towards fairy stories?A.He sees in them the worst of human nature.B. He dislikes everything about them.C. He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.D. He is expectant of the experimental results.48.According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to ____________.A.make children aggressive the whole lifeB. incite destructiveness in childrenC. function as a safety valve for childrenD. add children’s enjoyment of cruelty to others49. If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be ______________.A.scared to deathB. taking it and even enjoying itC. suffering more the pain of fearD. dangerously terrified50.The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that ___________.A.old fairy stories keep updating themselves to cater for modern needsB. fairy stories have claimed many lives of victimsC. fairy stories have thrown our world into chaosD. fairy stories are after all fairy storiesPassage 4There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her. The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated andrepresented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parent al privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunctio n against sparing the rod.Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes whe n there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state i ntervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.”More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’ con duct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate chil d abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.51. The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a child from violent parents of __ __________.A. a family on welfareB. a poor uneducated familyC. an educated black familyD. a middle-class white family52. “Sparing the rod” (in boldface) means ____________.A. spoiling childrenB. punishing childrenC. not caring about childrenD. not beating children53. Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _____________.A. taken as illegal in the New York StateB. considered being in the teacher’s provinceC. officially approved by lawD. disapproved by school teachers54. From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably the victim of ____________.A. teachers’ corporal punishmentB. misjudgment of the courtC. parents’ ill-treatmentD. street violence55. The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run _______ ______.A. prevent violence of adultsB. save more childrenC. protect children from ill-treatmentD. better the system Passage 5With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-var ying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a se parate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word ) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university scholars, literary economist s, scientists or even poets. Disastrous deaths may occur more frequently and mysteriously than m ight be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or th e lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably huma n and consistent as our less intimate acquaintances. A story set in a more remote African jungle o r Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably true background. Th e elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant” novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. Wit h the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly take delight in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion whi ch has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and cre dible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cel lars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain wi th the physique of a wrestler, He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenu es to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicari ously.56. The crime novel is regarded by the author as _________________.A. a not respectable form of the traditional novelB. not a true novel at allC. related in some ways to the historical novelD. a distinct branch of the traditional novel57. The creation of detective stories has its origin in _______________.A. seeking rest from work or worriesB. solving mysterious deaths in this societyC. restoring expectations in polite societyD. preventing crimes58. The characters of the detective stories are, generally speaking, _____________.A. more profound than those of the traditional novelsB. as real as life itselfC. not like human beings at allD. not very profound but not unlikely59. The setting of the detective stories is sometimes in a more remote place because __________ _.A. it is more realB. our friends are familiar with itC. it pleases the readers in a wayD. it needs the readers’ support60. The writer of this passage thinks _____________.A. what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB. people like to f eel that justice and goodness will always triumphC. they know in the real world good does not pr evail over evilD. their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction readingPassage 6Whenever we are involved in a creative type of activity that is self-rewarding, a feeling overcomes us—a feeling that we can call “flow.” When we are flowing we lose all sense of time and awareness of what is happening around us; instead, we feel that everything is going just right.A rock dancer describes his feeling of flow like this: “If I have enough space, I feel I can radiate a n energy into the atmosphere. I can dance for walls, I dance for floors. I become one with the atm osphere.”“You are in an ecstatic state to such a point that you don’t exist,” says a composer, describing how he feels when he “flows.” Players of any sport throu ghout the world are familiar with the feeling of flow; they enjoy their activity very much, even though they can expect little extrinsic reward. The same holds true for surgeons, cave explorers, an d mountain climbers.Flow provides a sort of physical sensation along with an altered state of being. One man put it thi s way: “Your body feels good and awake all over. Your energy is flowing.” People who flow feel part of this energy; that is, they are so involved in what they are doing that they do not think of t hemselves as being separate from their activity. They are flowing along with their enjoyment. Mo reover, they concentrate intensely on their activity. They do not try to concentrate harder, howev er; the concentration comes automatically. A chess player compares this concentration to breathi ng. As they concentrate, these people feel immersed in the action, lost in the action. Their sense of time is altered and they skip meals and sleep without noticing their loss. Sizes and spaces also seem altered: successful baseball players see and hit the ball so much better because it seems lar ger to them. They can even distinguish the seams on a ball approaching them at 165 kilometers p er hour.It seems then that flow is a “floating action” in which the individual is aware of his actions but not aware of his awareness. A good reader is so absorbed in his book that he knows he is turning the pages to go on reading, but he does not notice he is turning these pages. The moment people think about it, flow is destroyed, so they never ask themselves questions such as “Am I doing w ell?” or “Did everyone see my jump?”Finally, to flow successfully depends a great deal on the activity itself; not too difficult to produce anxiety, not too easy to bring about boredom; challenging, interesting, fun. Some good examples of flow activities are games and sports, reading, learning, working on what you enjoy, and even d ay-dreaming.61. What is the main purpose of the article?A. to illustrate the feeling of “flow”B. to analyze the causes of a special feelingC. to define the new psychological term “flow”D. to lead people to acquire the feeling of “flow”62. In this article, “flow” refers to a feeling which probably results from _____________.A. awarenessB. ecstasyC. unconsciousnessD. self-rewarding63. The word “immersed” (in boldface) is closest in meaning to _____________.A. occupiedB. engrossedC. soakedD. committed64. What does one usually act while “flowing” in reading? A. thinks what he is doingB. wonders how fast he can readC. turns the pagesD. minds the page number65. The activity which can successfully bring about “flow” is most probably ____________.A. grippingB. difficultC. boringD. easySection B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence fr om the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one senten ce that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your machine scoring Answer She et.Passage 1。

装备学院2016年博士研究生入学考试英语(1001)试题(注意：答案必须定在答题纸上，本试卷满分100分)PART I VOCABULARY (10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest inmeaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.1. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them lookyounger.A. revealB. underlineC. improveD. integrate2. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of the referees in agame.A. justiceB. biasC. participationD. regionalism3. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A. consideredB. stipulatedC. raisedD. stimulated4. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A. set foot onB. lose their heart toC. set their mind onD. get hold of5. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A. approximatelyB. exactlyC. less thanD. more than6. These old shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residentialbuildings.A. pulled outB. pulled inC. pulled downD. pulled up7. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A. observeB. memorizeC. commentD. request8. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and thehuman brain.A. likenessB. relationC. contradictionD. difference9. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked insome aspects.A. practicallyB. wonderfullyC. beneficiallyD. seemingly10. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A. so-calledB. well-knowsC. esteemedD. undoubted Section BDirection:There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your Answer Sheet.11. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig‟sgenetic _______.A. reservoirB. warehouseC. poolD. storehouse12. The chairman said that he was prepared to ________ the younger people in thedecision making.A. put up withB. make way forC. shed light onD. take charge of13. Tom is angry at Linda because she _____ him _______ all the time.A. sets…upB. puts…downC. runs…outD. drops…in14. The ability to focus attention on important things is a ________ characteristic ofintelligence.A. definingB. decliningC. defeatingD. deceiving15. Our picnic having been _____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilionuntil it cleared up.A. destroyedB. underminedC. spoiltD. contaminated16. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A. despisedB. resentedC. worshipedD. ridiculed17. One of the main purpose of using slang is to consolidate one‟s ____ with a group.A. specificationB. unificationC. notificationD. identification18. The _____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to thesoaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A. brain damageB. brain trustC. brain feverD. brain drain19. This matter settled, we decided to _______ to the next item on the agenda.A. succeedB. exceedC. proceedD. precede20. Listening is as important as taking. If you are a good listener, people often _____you for being a good conversationalist.A. complementB. complimentC. compelD. complainPart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through.Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, orD for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the wordor phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets onyour Answer Sheet.It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life‟s happiness and much of its 21 come from the same source—one‟s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 22 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 23 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 24 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,”25 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 26 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said: “My wife has told me that she doesn‟t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 27 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 28 .”Of course, some in such terrible straits 29 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 30 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 31 state. “Unlikely to divorce, legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 32 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 33 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 34 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved—not only from the 35 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.21. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth22. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny23. A. late B. later C. latter D. last24. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended25. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided26. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational27. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided28. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated29. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray30. A. in the end B. out of the count C. in the way D. out of the question31. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless32. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with33. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return34. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route35. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition Part III Reading Comprehension (30 point)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and other trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,”says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it‟s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We‟re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it‟s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims no t only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this simulated violence harmful” Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent game still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?36. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that help people learn more about computers.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that provide special training for writers online.D. Those that provide special training for pilots.37. According to one study, more computer and online games _______.A. allow the players to take part in killing actsB. teach the players to be antisocialC. make the players forget the real life resultsD. that young people like contain violence38. What does the underlined word “dismember” in paragraph 4 mean?A. To kick somebody out.B. To cut somebody into pieces.C. To dismiss somebody.D. To stab a knife into somebody.39. Many studies have suggested that _________.A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressiveC. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence40. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that _______.A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifePassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth‟s magnetic field—which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures—appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field‟s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet‟s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world‟s largest effort at tracking the field‟s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.41. According to the passage, the Earth‟s magnetic field has __________.A. begun to change in the opposite directionB. been weakening in strength for a long timeC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. misguided many a man and animal42. During the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field ____________.A. the compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused as to directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger43. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth‟s magnetic field would ______.A. destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB. cause some species extinctions on the EarthC. not be as disastrous as the previous oneD. cause no big trouble for man and animals44. According to the passage, ___________.A. we should not worry about the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic fieldB. the Earth‟s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 yearsC. the Earth‟s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidlyD. the transition of the Earth‟s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science45. The author says “…the public has no reason to panic” because _________.A. the transition is still thousands of years awayB. the new transition will come 780,000 years from nowC. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsD. the process of the transition will take a very long time to finishPassage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder hat in today‟s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it‟s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren‟t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn‟t what do, but it‟s how it‟s covered that determines the effect.”For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one ofthe most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the US hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening‟s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group‟s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don‟t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It‟s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,”says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the US Army reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it‟s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don‟t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don‟t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven‟t really harmed the enemy every much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you‟ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”46. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare? ___________.A. Terrorist attacksB. The increase of military conflictsC. Advances in nuclear weaponsD. Prosperity of the media47. The goal of psychological warfare is to ____________.A. change the ideology of the opponentB. win a battle without military attacksC. generate a greater sense of fearD. bring about more physical damage48. According to Richard Bulliet, publicized an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ____________.A. psychological terrorism is a tacticB. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat49. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that __________.A. means determines effectsB. hostage crises are prevalentC. psychological terrors remain harmlessD. the American media is effective50. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________.A. scare the publicB. demonstrate their crueltyC. manipulate the government concernedD. show their group powerPassage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall‟s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillaed won‟t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year‟s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted student s will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class—1,400 compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted student, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year‟s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It‟s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from …august to mid-September “to turn away from the majority of the hurricaneseason,”Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-one-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted student and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, …I want to be a part of the action,‟” says Stieffel, noting that Loyola‟s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.51. The word “Katrina” in Para. 1 probably refers to _____________.A. a hurricaneB. an admission officialC. a universityD. a student52. It can be learned from the passage that ____________.A. most colleges requires students to apply and commit to their institutionsB. more students are applying to multiple institutionsC. all students are required to make their institution choices by May 1D. university trustees make decisions on enrollment53. The following statements are all true EXCEPT ____________.A. Tulane University also saw drops in applications this yearB. Xavier University fell behind its recruitment scheduleC. applicants to Xavier University fell by about half of last year‟s recordD. Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions54. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both _.A. freezing tuitionsB. extending application deadlinesC. hosting meetingsD. increasing scholarships55. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its ____________.A. new enrollment policiesB. aggressive recruitment scheduleC. academic positionD. financial situationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words on the Answer Sheet.In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society‟s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.(注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答)56. What is the passage mainly about?57. The function of the government is to ________________________________?58. What is the starting point of a more realistic approach?59. Business can and does generate its own order, but ________________.60. Government depend less on business because ___________________________.Part IV Error Detection and Correction (10 points, 1 point each) Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved youshould proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Writedown your correction on the Answer Sheet.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correctone in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “Λ”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary with a slash “/” and put theword in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example:When Λ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (1) an(2) never(3) exhibitAs one of the many outgrowths of the sweeping federal health carelaw, health insurances and employers must now pay the cost of screening 61.____ children for obesity and providing them with appropriate counseling.With about one in three children in America obese and overweight, 62.____ the need for such programs is clear. But experts say, creating them willbe challenging. More than intensive hospital-based programs, few proven 63.____ models exist for helping children and adolescents achieve and maintain ahealthier weight, and researchers do not even fully understand the factorsthat contributed the rapid rise in childhood obesity in recent years. 64.____ While there are many community efforts aimed at getting every childto eat better and exercise more, including Michelle Obama‟s “Let‟s Move”initiative, there is also growing demand for programs help children who 65.____ are already seriously overweight. WellPoint and the UnitedHealth Group,another large insurer, are experimenting with the new approaches, and 66.____ even Weight Watchers says it is working to develop a program for childrenand teenagers. Drug companies and medical device makers are also testingsome products for children. 67.____ Adults have a difficult enough time lose weight, and the issues are 68.____ even more complicated with children and teenagers, experts say. Childrenare still growing, and the goal of any program maybe to help them grow 69.____ into a healthier weight rather than to actually gain pounds. Experts also 70.____ say that to be successful, programs need to focus on the family as a whole,changing what everybody eats and how much time they are all active, notsitting in front of a computer screen or television.Part V Translation (15 points, 3 points each)Directions:Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet..。

2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。

1、P123本刊只接受全部用英文写成的稿件。

来稿在4000字左右为宜。

论文必须另页附200字以内的中文摘要、100词以内英文摘要和不少于3个的主题词。

正文格式应符合以下要求：1、英文12磅字体；2、双倍行距；3、左右两边空白各不少于3.5厘米；4、单面打印；5、段落第一行行首缩进四个字符；6、加入页码；7、文内引语和参考书目采用美国心理学会（APA）的论文格式。

This journal accepts only papers in English. Keep the paper about 4000 words. Accompanying an Chinese abstract within 200 words an English abstract 100 words and no less than 3 keywords in another page. The following is the format of the text:1. Use font size 12 in English;2. Write on double-space;3. Leave margin at least 3.5 cm on the right and left sides;4. Type on only one side;5. Indent the first line of every paragraph with 4 spaces;6. Number the paper with pages;7. Adopt the format of APA for the introduction and the reference.2、P120本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题，探讨了以翻译规律来规范对外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性，提出了基本规律和特殊规律。

本文指出，对外经济法规汉英翻译必须遵循建立在服从法律英语的语言特点和表达规律基础上的对外经济法规翻译规律。

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Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, Cand D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: C阅读理解答案如下：Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is _____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchild63. When there exists a “marker” in thechild, according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthe third paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. A higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. A large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who need medicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tells us__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title for thepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to the monitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technology, Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport would saythat __________.B. there is no such a thing as predictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a change in____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing写作英语作文：With the development of medical career, people increasingly high demand for community services, at present Chinese medicine in development stage, general practitioners training become a kind of trend, general practitioners in the community as a medical, health care, prevention, health management, training and education level, problems still exist and need to be improved.随着医学事业的发展,人们越来越高的对社区服务的需求,目前中医在发展阶段,全科医生培训成为一种趋势,在社区全科医生作为医疗、保健、预防、健康管理,培训和教育水平,问题仍然存在,需要改善。

博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。

解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。

2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。

解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。

3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。

解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。

4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。

解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。

102906199010333方辉煌申请审核78.978.9资源与地球科学学院地质学桑树勋非定向102906111010006刘和武普通招考78759385331资源与地球科学学院地质学姜波非定向102906111010005刘桂萍普通招考53757085283资源与地球科学学院地质学傅雪海定向注①102906199010334韩思杰申请审核8585资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程桑树勋非定向102906199010336刘佳维申请审核84.784.7资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程隋旺华非定向102906199010342牛庆合申请审核83.283.2资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程曹丽文非定向102906111010009邵培普通招考67858485.3321.3资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程王文峰非定向102906199010338刘小磊申请审核85.285.2资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程吴财芳非定向102906199010337刘士亮申请审核81.781.7资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程李文平非定向102906199010344杨志申请审核81.381.3资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程李文平非定向102906111010019赵明坤普通招考60806785.4292.4资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程孙亚军定向102906111010007乔军伟普通招考53707883.1284.1资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程秦勇非定向102906111010004梁萍萍普通招考70717687.1304.1资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程朱炎铭非定向102906199010343秦云申请审核74.174.1资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程岳建华非定向102906111010012温兆翠普通招考71816385300资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程姜波定向102906111010017张亚伟普通招考69678485.7305.7资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程刘盛东定向102906199010341苗琦申请审核80.780.7资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程刘树才定向注③102906111010020赵洋普通招考61797986305资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程姜波定向102906123010004张军建硕博连读8181资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程韦重韬非定向102906123010001冯光俊硕博连读86.486.4资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程朱炎铭非定向102906123010002李国璋硕博连读79.479.4资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程秦勇非定向注④102906123010005张苗硕博连读8383资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程傅雪海非定向102906124010001郭森直接攻博80160资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程郭英海非定向102906124010002周斌扬直接攻博80160资源与地球科学学院地质资源与地质工程秦勇非定向102906111020047姚文理普通招考71607571.5277.5矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张农非定向102906111020028李百宜普通招考85538583.6306.6矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程缪协兴非定向102906199020346郭昌放申请审核8686矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程杨真非定向102906111020039王骏辉普通招考79739484.9330.9矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程万志军非定向102906111020034齐文跃普通招考60758887.3310.3矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张吉雄非定向102906111020053赵兴龙普通招考66669086.5308.5矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程黄炳香非定向102906111020025杜贝举普通招考61687568272矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程刘长友非定向102906111020035秦冬冬普通招考64637782.6286.6矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程王旭锋非定向102906111020037唐杰兵普通招考63638372.5281.5矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程曹胜根非定向102906199020347匡铁军申请审核8585矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程缪协兴定向注③102906111020041魏群普通招考74529280298矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张农非定向102906111020022安铁梁普通招考62529086.5290.5矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程郑西贵非定向102906111020031刘建东普通招考54839283.6312.6矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张东升非定向102906111020038王涵普通招考75718282.7310.7矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程于斌非定向102906111020042吴文达普通招考63799587.3324.3矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程柏建彪非定向102906111020049张礼普通招考73748683.2316.2矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张农非定向102906123020009刘洋硕博连读8585矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程陆菜平非定向102906123020008李俊孟硕博连读8787矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程黄艳利非定向102906123020014张明磊硕博连读8383矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程曹胜根非定向102906123020012王正义硕博连读9090矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程窦林名非定向102906123020010孙元田硕博连读8686矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程李桂臣非定向102906123020013余伊河硕博连读8686矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张东升非定向102906123020006郭红军硕博连读8585矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程康红普非定向102906123020011王兴开硕博连读8484矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程柏建彪非定向102906123020007韩红凯硕博连读8888矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程许家林非定向102906124020003齐冲冲直接攻博9797矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张东升非定向102906124020004乔明直接攻博9696矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室采矿工程张吉雄非定向第 1 页，共 5 页102906111030058江莉普通招考72769190.3329.3力学与建筑工程学院防灾减灾工程及防护工程夏军武定向102906111030069邢艳冬普通招考51857381.4290.4力学与建筑工程学院工程管理周建亮非定向102906199030350褚召祥申请审核90.5890.58力学与建筑工程学院供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程周国庆非定向102906199030353杨小军申请审核85.4885.48力学与建筑工程学院固体力学高峰非定向102906199220411崔灿申请审核85.3885.38力学与建筑工程学院固体力学吴沛东非定向102906123030015徐博硕博连读9090力学与建筑工程学院结构工程夏军武非定向102906199030352金煜皓申请审核85.585.5力学与建筑工程学院桥梁与隧道工程韩立军非定向102906111030062梁鑫斌普通招考56908789.1322.1力学与建筑工程学院市政工程季翔非定向102906199040355高伟申请审核72.172.1化工学院工业催化高庆宇非定向102906199040356李昭申请审核84.384.3化工学院化学工艺武建军非定向102906111040089徐美玲普通招考75759280.86322.86化工学院化学工艺魏贤勇定向注④102906111040078李胜普通招考59609674.63289.63化工学院化学工艺宗志敏非定向102906123040019王升康硕博连读82.882.8化工学院化学工艺魏贤勇非定向注④102906111040092杨露普通招考66707674.48286.48化工学院矿物加工工程张海军非定向102906111040088温保峰普通招考79917884.09332.09化工学院矿物加工工程何亚群非定向102906111040077李超永普通招考67756372.98277.98化工学院矿物加工工程章新喜非定向102906199040361唐龙飞申请审核88.4388.43化工学院矿物加工工程陶秀祥非定向102906199040357吕波申请审核80.1880.18化工学院矿物加工工程骆振福非定向102906111040086魏昌杰普通招考65697975.95288.95化工学院矿物加工工程曹亦俊定向102906199040360孙浩申请审核87.2887.28化工学院矿物加工工程王永田非定向102906111040074陈小国普通招考57857977.05298.05化工学院矿物加工工程杨建国非定向102906111040096朱宾普通招考61708775.33293.33化工学院矿物加工工程刘清侠非定向102906111040095张光文普通招考67857078.1300.1化工学院矿物加工工程何亚群非定向102906111040072安茂燕普通招考70898483.36326.36化工学院矿物加工工程曹亦俊非定向102906123040022张勇硕博连读86.7186.71化工学院矿物加工工程赵跃民非定向102906123040016陈昱冉硕博连读84.1884.18化工学院矿物加工工程谢广元非定向102906123040021徐梦迪硕博连读89.1689.16化工学院矿物加工工程刘炯天非定向102906124040006刘成果直接攻博86.3486.34化工学院矿物加工工程赵跃民非定向102906124040005李晓恒直接攻博86.7686.76化工学院矿物加工工程刘炯天非定向102906199040363杨峥申请审核92.292.2化工学院应用化学魏贤勇非定向注④102906199040354陈缜缜申请审核88.988.9化工学院应用化学冯莉非定向102906199040364张宝营申请审核71.871.8化工学院应用化学高庆宇非定向102906111040082拾冲普通招考51808774.21292.21化工学院应用化学魏贤勇非定向102906199040358苗保喜申请审核94.494.4化工学院应用化学倪中海非定向102906199040362屠兴超申请审核81.1781.17化工学院应用化学蔡佩君非定向102906199050372臧万顺申请审核88.8388.83机电工程学院机械电子工程沈刚非定向102906111050100李建松普通招考79608376.5298.5机电工程学院机械电子工程彭玉兴定向102906111050107佟哲普通招考64637375.6275.6机电工程学院机械电子工程李伟非定向102906123050023曹超硕博连读88.3388.33机电工程学院机械电子工程赵继云非定向102906123050031盛连超硕博连读90.8390.83机电工程学院机械电子工程李威非定向102906123050035杨盼盼硕博连读8686机电工程学院机械电子工程周公博非定向102906123050037张行硕博连读79.3379.33机电工程学院机械电子工程李伟非定向102906123050027花义廉硕博连读90.1790.17机电工程学院机械电子工程朱真才非定向102906123050025陈潇硕博连读91.3391.33机电工程学院机械电子工程朱真才非定向102906199050369武继达申请审核89.1789.17机电工程学院机械设计及理论刘初升非定向102906111050110魏春领普通招考63617069.5263.5机电工程学院机械设计及理论朱华非定向102906199050370谢奇志申请审核82.1782.17机电工程学院机械设计及理论刘送永非定向102906199050371杨恩申请审核8080机电工程学院机械设计及理论葛世荣非定向102906111050114张涛普通招考62766267267机电工程学院机械设计及理论张德坤非定向注④102906123050026冯存傲硕博连读89.6789.67机电工程学院机械设计及理论张德坤非定向102906123050029刘畅硕博连读89.1789.17机电工程学院机械设计及理论程刚非定向第 2 页，共 5 页102906123050024常向东硕博连读90.3390.33机电工程学院机械设计及理论彭玉兴非定向102906123050028纪云硕博连读89.589.5机电工程学院机械设计及理论刘送永非定向102906123050034晏璐硕博连读91.6791.67机电工程学院机械设计及理论曹国华非定向102906123050033徐寒冬硕博连读78.578.5机电工程学院机械设计及理论张德坤非定向注④102906123050032王磊硕博连读79.8379.83机电工程学院机械设计及理论曹国华非定向102906123050030刘万英硕博连读7777机电工程学院机械设计及理论朱华非定向注④102906124050007王文博直接攻博88.5488.54机电工程学院机械设计及理论刘后广非定向102906124050008吴洪状直接攻博87.6887.68机电工程学院机械设计及理论杜长龙非定向102906199050368王宁宁申请审核77.3377.33机电工程学院机械制造及其自动化刘新华非定向102906199060376张望申请审核8787174信息与电气工程学院电气工程原熙博非定向102906111060130夏帅普通招考69788080307信息与电气工程学院电气工程伍小杰定向102906199060374王凯申请审核8787174信息与电气工程学院电气工程原熙博非定向102906124060010张璇直接攻博8888176信息与电气工程学院电气工程陈昊非定向102906124060009王浩直接攻博8888176信息与电气工程学院电气工程陈昊非定向102906111060135赵凯普通招考61848181307信息与电气工程学院检测技术与自动化装置程德强非定向102906111060133姚洁普通招考60666565256信息与电气工程学院检测技术与自动化装置程德强非定向102906111060121孔毅普通招考81978181340信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程王雪松非定向102906199060373王冬申请审核9090180信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程程玉虎非定向102906199060375闫艺芳申请审核8989178信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程马小平非定向102906111060116暴琳普通招考60857878301信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程孙晓燕定向102906199060377张志伟申请审核8080160信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程马小平定向注③102906123060040荣淼硕博连读8787174信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程巩敦卫非定向102906123060039刘晓敏硕博连读8585170信息与电气工程学院控制理论与控制工程杨春雨非定向102906111060124刘洋普通招考62708282296信息与电气工程学院信息与通信工程丁恩杰非定向102906111060118邓靖靖普通招考71788888325信息与电气工程学院信息与通信工程丁恩杰非定向102906123060038胡波硕博连读8888176信息与电气工程学院信息与通信工程钱建生非定向102906123060041周玉硕博连读9191182信息与电气工程学院信息与通信工程李雷达非定向102906111060131徐杰普通招考67788989323信息与电气工程学院信息与通信工程孙彦景定向102906199070381黄心如申请审核257257管理学院管理科学与工程陈红非定向102906199070380郭道燕申请审核270.5270.5管理学院管理科学与工程陈红非定向102906199070379陈逸雨申请审核243243管理学院管理科学与工程宋学锋非定向102906111070140韩嘉石普通招考69827878307管理学院管理科学与工程张磊非定向102906111070153张琳玲普通招考75978593.9350.9管理学院管理科学与工程龙如银非定向102906199070382刘风申请审核266266管理学院管理科学与工程吕涛非定向102906199070387邹陆曦申请审核262262管理学院管理科学与工程李新春非定向102906199070385王蕾申请审核271.3271.3管理学院管理科学与工程龙如银非定向102906111070142李洋普通招考70806683.75299.75管理学院管理科学与工程李新春定向102906123070042刘振华硕博连读257257管理学院管理科学与工程吕涛非定向102906123070043杨晴硕博连读265265管理学院管理科学与工程张磊非定向102906111080161张伟普通招考72839686.25337.25理学院概率论与数理统计江龙定向102906199080388沈良申请审核9494理学院计算数学邵虎非定向102906111080162张祥芝普通招考72849887.5341.5理学院应用数学张玉峰定向102906111080155晁晓倩普通招考57738075285理学院应用数学刘文斌非定向102906111080163赵月英普通招考57929584.25328.25理学院运筹学与控制论苗连英非定向102906199090392任晓婷申请审核82.282.2文学与法政学院行政管理王成礼非定向102906199090398张彦波申请审核77.477.4文学与法政学院行政管理王义保非定向102906111090180沈鹏飞普通招考14816074229文学与法政学院行政管理张长立定向注②102906111090193张陶普通招考74806281297文学与法政学院行政管理王锋非定向102906111090194张毓龙普通招考61656181.6268.6文学与法政学院行政管理刘超捷非定向102906199090396余利川申请审核92.892.8文学与法政学院教育经济与管理段鑫星非定向102906111090165陈振斌普通招考72617590.6298.6文学与法政学院教育经济与管理张万红定向第 3 页，共 5 页102906111120215张荣普通招考52735762.2244.2安全工程学院安全科学与工程袁亮非定向102906111120206刘震起普通招考76795464.4273.4安全工程学院安全科学与工程仲晓星非定向102906111120218周群普通招考80758285.2322.2安全工程学院安全科学与工程秦波涛非定向102906111120209钮月普通招考67706571273安全工程学院安全科学与工程王恩元非定向注④102906123120052王超杰硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程杨胜强非定向102906123120054徐吉钊硕博连读9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程翟成非定向102906123120049史全林硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程秦波涛非定向102906123120048刘正东硕博连读9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程程远平非定向102906123120050司磊磊硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程李增华非定向102906123120045崔传波硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程蒋曙光非定向102906123120056张一帆硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程周福宝非定向注④102906123120046李世航硕博连读7070安全工程学院安全科学与工程周福宝非定向102906123120053王鑫鑫硕博连读9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程周福宝非定向102906123120044陈栋硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程何学秋非定向102906123120057周文东硕博连读9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程王德明非定向102906123120055张开仲硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程程远平非定向注④102906123120047刘统硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程林柏泉非定向102906123120051汤宗情硕博连读8080安全工程学院安全科学与工程杨胜强非定向102906124120011贾海珊直接攻博9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程王恩元非定向102906124120012张祥良直接攻博9090安全工程学院安全科学与工程林柏泉非定向102906199130402赵佳腾申请审核92.492.4电力工程学院流体力学段雄非定向102906123130058霍宇涛硕博连读9191电力工程学院流体力学饶中浩非定向102906111140246宗钰普通招考73657574.2287.2马克思主义学院思想政治教育邹放鸣非定向102906111140227刘培普通招考71726571.6279.6马克思主义学院思想政治教育池忠军非定向102906111140245张梓琪普通招考87647265.8288.8马克思主义学院思想政治教育丁三青非定向102906111140240魏范青普通招考59636089.6271.6马克思主义学院思想政治教育丁三青非定向102906111140235僧婉妍普通招考66737267278马克思主义学院思想政治教育亓光非定向102906111160282王川阳普通招考58618686291环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程王坚非定向102906111160303张国建普通招考74748888324环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程郭广礼非定向102906111160268刘春阳普通招考59739491.6317.6环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程王坚非定向102906111160293吴振华普通招考70778083.6310.6环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程卞正富非定向102906199160405高延东申请审核86.586.5环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程张书毕非定向102906111160296杨旭普通招考50616175.4247.4环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程杨元喜非定向102906111160288王仁普通招考60768989.6314.6环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程高井祥非定向102906111160298余航普通招考70748888320环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程王坚非定向注④102906111160270刘潇鹏普通招考62693666233环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程郭广礼非定向102906123160059王刘宇硕博连读8484环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程邓喀中非定向102906124160013吴柯直接攻博87.7587.75环境与测绘学院大地测量学与测量工程史文中非定向102906111160306张蓝普通招考73835272.3280.3环境与测绘学院地图制图学与地理信息工程陈军非定向102906111160304张恒僖普通招考59633862.2222.2环境与测绘学院地图制图学与地理信息工程吴立新非定向102906111160278苏飞普通招考73906374.9300.9环境与测绘学院地图制图学与地理信息工程汪云甲非定向102906111160275齐红霞普通招考67716173.6272.6环境与测绘学院地图制图学与地理信息工程汪云甲非定向注④102906111160276乔椋普通招考68926477301环境与测绘学院环境工程张雁秋非定向102906111160259蒋浩普通招考69808083312环境与测绘学院环境工程赵跃民非定向102906111160286王磊普通招考79919190351环境与测绘学院环境工程湛含辉定向102906199160403陈迪申请审核8989环境与测绘学院环境工程冯启言非定向102906111160267李彦鹏普通招考50683564.2217.2环境与测绘学院摄影测量与遥感陈报章非定向102906111160269刘飞普通招考70868887.8331.8环境与测绘学院摄影测量与遥感张继贤定向102906111160264李丁普通招考86738685.4330.4环境与测绘学院摄影测量与遥感吴立新非定向102906123160060王雪硕博连读9090环境与测绘学院摄影测量与遥感谭琨非定向102906111160291魏旭晨普通招考60847480.6298.6环境与测绘学院土地资源管理李效顺非定向第 4 页，共 5 页102906111160255胡赛普通招考64707585.8294.8环境与测绘学院土地资源管理陈龙乾非定向102906111160247陈孚尧普通招考67768286.8311.8环境与测绘学院土地资源管理张绍良非定向102906111160274倪衡普通招考63786078279环境与测绘学院土地资源管理李效顺非定向102906111160252房阿曼普通招考74738487.6318.6环境与测绘学院土地资源管理董霁红非定向102906111160279谭敏普通招考68808688.4322.4环境与测绘学院土地资源管理李钢定向102906111160249戴培超普通招考61697879.2287.2环境与测绘学院土地资源管理张绍良非定向102906111160305张奎普通招考80788880.2326.2环境与测绘学院土地资源管理陈龙乾定向102906111160272孟令冉普通招考64756972.6280.6环境与测绘学院土地资源管理董霁红非定向102906111160299袁丽娜普通招考76776781.4301.4环境与测绘学院土地资源管理陈龙乾非定向注④102906111160265李青青普通招考57616382.2263.2环境与测绘学院土地资源管理卞正富非定向102906111170310胡鹏普通招考65938382.6323.6计算机科学与技术学院计算机应用技术刘峰定向102906111170311翟阳阳普通招考69918985.4334.4计算机科学与技术学院计算机应用技术夏士雄定向102906123170061张健硕博连读91.191.1计算机科学与技术学院计算机应用技术丁世飞非定向102906199220414李文帅申请审核83.3883.38深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学王连国非定向102906111220318杜彬普通招考74887680.9318.9深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学白海波定向102906111220314邓康宇普通招考61516176.2249.2深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学张凯非定向102906111220312陈梁普通招考70938783.36333.36深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学茅献彪非定向102906199220417尚晓吉申请审核82.9882.98深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学王建国非定向注④102906199220412董佳斌申请审核89.2289.22深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学鞠杨非定向102906111220322牛钢钢普通招考66756777.6285.6深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学张凯非定向102906111220320李宁普通招考65766479.4284.4深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学马占国非定向102906111220324王凯普通招考63918483.58321.58深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学王连国非定向102906111220328杨胜利普通招考60899091.05330.05深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学缪协兴定向102906199220416桑盛申请审核86.1386.13深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学刘卫群非定向102906123220066宋帅兵硕博连读80.5280.52深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学茅献彪非定向102906123220065刘桂宏硕博连读88.5388.53深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学浦海非定向102906123220064梁鑫硕博连读87.1387.13深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学谢和平非定向102906123220068吴疆宇硕博连读82.9582.95深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学陈占清非定向102906123220063郝阳硕博连读86.1586.15深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学吴宇非定向102906124220014沙子恒直接攻博85.5385.53深部岩土国家重点实验室工程力学浦海非定向102906199220418王帅申请审核83.883.8深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程韩立军非定向102906111220319胡波普通招考54818286.43303.43深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程杨圣奇非定向102906199220421殷鹏飞申请审核87.6787.67深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程杨圣奇非定向注④102906199220410陈贵武申请审核82.1582.15深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程宋雷非定向注④102906111220316丁非普通招考78789089.3335.3深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程宋雷非定向102906199220419杨括宇申请审核81.9581.95深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程杨维好非定向102906111220330张涛普通招考65737278.42288.42深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程宋雷非定向102906111220327武光明普通招考63648587.68299.68深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程白海波非定向102906111220323汤瑞普通招考59687682.07285.07深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程周国庆非定向102906199220420杨权威申请审核83.783.7深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程杨维好非定向102906111220321马庆松普通招考58798185.78303.78深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程马占国非定向102906123220067田文岭硕博连读90.5290.52深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程杨圣奇非定向102906123220062韩观胜硕博连读86.786.7深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程靖洪文非定向102906124220016闫晓直接攻博90.0390.03深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程赵坚非定向102906124220015高远直接攻博90.9990.99深部岩土国家重点实验室岩土工程靖洪文非定向注①:对口支援西部地区高校定向培养研究生计划；注②：少数民族高层次骨干人才计划；注③：技术创新型；注④：ESI一流学科第 5 页，共 5 页。

中国矿业大学考博英语真题动词固定搭配汇总1.adherence和adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。

adherence用于比喻的意思。

例如：His adherence to the strict letter of the law.adhesion是指物质上的。

2.adjacent，adjoining，和contiguous这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。

adjacent“毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。

adjoining和contiguous指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary.3.admission和admittance它们都有“the act of entering”的意思。

但admission用于公共场合。

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The price of admission to the gallery is￡5.admittance不指公共场合，一般指私人的住所。

4.adopted和adoptiveadopted“收养的，过继的”an adopted son(daughter)养子(女);my adopted country我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语。

adoptive“收养的”，我们说adoptive parents，但很少说adoptive child;“采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage假充勇敢。

5.averse和adverseadverse“不利的，反对的”，用于事，不用于人。

adverse weather conditions;an adverse reaction.averse“嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的”，常和“to”一起使用，而且用否定形式。

6.advise和adviceadvise“劝告”(动词);advice“劝告”(名词)。

1A: C ,I have a question for you. As all we known , we started to learn English when we were in the junior high school .And till now ,we are still learning it .I mean , in your view ,should China abolish English as a compulsory subject in the post graduate curriculum ?C: Um ,in my opinion ,English courses should be reserved for specialized ones only . A: Why?C: Firstly , we are not studying English as our major ,but a totally unrelated ones .English might even not prove of any use for our major in the future .We should focus our time and attention on more useful studies ,instead of wasting time on English . Furthermore ,English study takes up to much time and the classroom efficiency is very low .Some other main subjects are compelled to give way to English courses . Finally ,only a very small number of us will actually use it when we get into society .We can make use of some translation tools if we want to write an essay .A: I see what you mean ,but I hold the contrary view ,to put English as a compulsory subject is necessary . English is very important in com- munication with people from all over the world as an indispensable skill .For post graduate students ,English is rather necessary .If you want to write an academic article in English well ,you need great English skills .And to our major ,many sophisticated equipments are made by foreigner , you couldn’t do a good job without English .What ‘s more ,in order to ensure a satisfactory job and a promising future ,you have to learn English very well2A: Hi, the coat you’re wearing looks so pretty! Did you buy it at the store outside ? B: No , I just bought it online last week, and I got it in the post office yesterday .A: That’s nice .It must be very expensive.B: It’s so cheap that it just cost me only 80 Yuan. I can’t believe my eyes.A: You’re kidding me! I ‘v never seen such low price of that kinds of coat at store . B: Well, you know , that is online shopping. You can always find the lowest prices of all things .A: Yes, it’s ture .I know something about online shopping. Comparing with buying in stores, shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages. It is very convenient and comfortable for us. People don't have to waste a lot of energy and time to go from one shop to another to choose what they like. This is especially suitable for the old, sick or the busy people who go to the shops rarely .B: That’s right. Shopping online can give not only lower prices ,but more choices to us. We can buy the commodities from the “virtual store” by paying for postages, which can save our money because the price is close to the cost price. And they can also provide us with the goods in all shapes, sizes and colors on the Internet. We can choose what we want easily by looking at the photos .A: I couldn’t agree more, but on the other hands, there are many disadvantages of shopping online. Although the sellers provide some photos and specifics of the items on the web, I’m still not sure if the quality is really good and whether it suit me or not .B: Well, you can also see the other buyers’ comments and the seller’s reputation to make sure if the sellers is reliable .A: Oh ,that’s a good idea . I’ll do that .By the way ,I wanna buy a pair of basketball shoes ,could you mind helping me to choose one online ?B: Definitely .Let ‘s open the web now !3.A: Hi，Do you know what event happened in Beijing during 2008?B: Of course, as a Chinese, I am sure everybody knows that Beijing held the 29th Olympic Games.A: Yes, you are right. In my opinion, Beijing Olympic Games is the most perfect Olympic Games. Many aspects, including torch passing, opening ceremony, volunteer spirit and so on, showed our Chinese cultural style.B: I definitely agree with you. The slogan of Beijing Olympic Games is One World One Dream and the Olympic spirit is higher, faster, and stronger. But the thing impressing me most is some sporting heroes in the games. Their spirit impresses me deeply.A: So who are the most impressive sporting heroes for you?B: Of course Steiner(施泰德). Did you hear about his story?A: Actually not.B: He is a weightlifting athlete. He fell in love with his wife Susan in 2004 and they married in 2006. But Susan died in an accident in 2007. Instead of giving up his dream, he promised Susan that he would get the gold medal. High strength training was the only way that Steiner got rid of the pain. He did it. At the award ceremony, he raised the medal and Susan’s photo and cried excitedly.A: What a moving scene.B: Yes. He finished his commitment and he was really a real man. So and you? Who is the most impressive sporting hero for you?A: I think he is the greatest genius of the swimming athletes, his name is Phelps(菲尔普斯).B: Yes, I know him. He got 8 gold medals in Beijing Olympic Games.A: Actually, he got 6 gold medals in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. He promised to get all the swimming medals which he attended. His promise also came true. He totally got 8 medals and broke the world record. No one did this crazy thing before .It’s so difficult for someone to surpass . Maybe only the top-talented man can do that in the future .B: That’s right. The Olympic Games is the platform that the talented athletes show themselves.A: I hope more talented athletes will appear in London Olympic Games in 2012. It is really a feast for our eyes.B: Absolutely.4.A: Hi, are you free this weekend ?B: Actually, I am not sure, maybe I have to finish my English homework. You know our English teacher is so strict that I must spend more time on my English study. What’son your mind?A: I want to see a movie this weekend and I'd like to invite you to go with me.B: I'm afraid I can't go. I have so many works to do .A: Come on! The film is very wonderful.B: Really? What is the movie’s name?A: Titanic. It’s a very famous affectional film.B: Yes. I have seen it 2 years ago. The film torched me strongly, especially their love. But compared with the affectable film, I like action film. I think it’s a feast for our eyes.A: Great. So do I. People always like excitement, I also like action film. Who’s your favorite movie star?B: I am a real fan of Zhen Zidan. His Kung fu is amazing, and his acting impress me deeply. I have seen almost all the films that he acted.A: Yes ,I like him , too .But my favorite is Cheng Long. He is really an famous action movie star. He is so humorous and his films are funny. In his films he is never replaced by others when met dangerous scenes. I think we can see an action film instead of Titanic, what’s your opinion?B: En…It’s a good idea, but I don’t know which film we should go and see .A: I heard that there is a new film named Wuxia. Its Starring is your idol Zhen Zidan. Additionally ,your favorite singer Wanglihong joined it , too .B: Really? Sounds great! I’d love to. But...A: I know what you are worry about. I can help you to do your homework later.B: OK, it is a deal. See you this weekend !A: See you !5A: Good morning , sir , is here Sunshine Holiday Travel Agency ?C:Yes , what can I do for you ?A:I plan to go to travel with my friends , but I have no idea where to go .C:Do you prefer to visit seaside , natural scenery or some other places ?A:Er…I prefer to visit some natural scenery , such as landscapes ,famous mountains ,great rivers , and so on .C:I see . How about Guilin ?Here ‘s a trip that is picked by one of the airline companies , it includes your air and hotel fare .I think you may be interested in it . A:Well , it sounds nice ,but we have been there last time .Is there any other place you can provide ?C:Yes .Actually we have some great packages like Suzhou Gardens ,Mount Huangshan , Jiuzhaigou , and so on .By the way ,the most exciting season of Jiuzhaigou is now . How about a relaxing vacation there ?A:Great ! Can you tell me some details of the itinerary [ai’tinarari]?C:We have a 7-day tour that includes all the famous scenic spots .You will fly to Chengdu and get into Jiuzhaigou by bus . Accommodation and 3 meals will be provided .A:That’s to say we will have a whole journey service during all this .I think the route is appropriate for me .But I should go back to discuss it with my friends .C:No problems .For any questions or further inquires ,please call me anytime .A:OK ,thank you for your service . You are so kind !6A: Hi, Thank you for helping me to complete my work yesterday. So can I invite you to have a dinner today?B: No thanks. It’s a piece of cake.A: In my opinion, you provide me with fuel in snowy weather, so you must accept my invitation.B: Well. I will go.A: How about having Chinese food?B: OK. I like Chinese food very much.C: Hello, sir. Welcome to our restaurant. What can I do for you?A: Yes. May I have the menu, please?C: Here you are. Are you ready to order now?A: Actually not. We haven’t decided yet. (To B) this is the order, just order what you like. This dinner is very informal.B: I’m not familiar with Chinese food. I just order kung-pao chicken.A: No. It’s not enough. What flavour do you like best?B: I like spicy. It’s so exciting.C: How about fried tofu, it may be a good choice.A: OK. What is today’s special?C: I strongly recommend roast mutton chops.A: what are the specialties of this dish?C: It is our chef’s specialty dish. It is very delicious and I am sure you will love it.A: Good. I can’t wait to taste it. Others, let me see. How about some steamed crab or prawns?B: No, no, no. I t’s enough for us.C: OK. What would you like to drink?A: We will try some beer which the price is relatively expensive.C: OK. Please wait a moment. Hope you enjoy your meal.7A: I’ Panny from Voice of Campus .Today , we’ll look at the present health condition among graduate students .A:Good morning .I’m from Voice of Campus ,and I wondered if you ‘d mind answering a few quentions for our survey .C:Not at all .A:Do you often stay up at night ?C:Oh ,well , I have to say yes .A:Why ?C:Um…I usually worked very late ,there’re so many things to do .I have to finish my homework ,prepare for the exams ,write academic articles…I even have no time to relax .A:It means you’re not free to go out to do some exercise ?C:It depends .9A blind dateA(男): Hi, are you?B（女）: Yeah, my name is Mia. Are you Rubin?A: Yes, I am Rubin!B: Finally! The infamous Rubin! I've heard so much about you .A: Oh no, I hope they had positive things to say.B: Don't worry. All of the stories were good. How were you able to find me so quickly? A: It was pretty easy to find the beautiful woman in a red dress .If you don`t mind , may I know something about your hobbies.B:In my spare time, I feel like going shopping ,reading books, listening to music and so on.A: Could you talk about your family?B:I have one cute sister both man's love and flower's bloom are for. Now, we live with my parents.A: You are fun to be with. You live in a relaxed family atmosphere with plenty of pleasure.B:Of course. Only a relaxed family atmosphere can help the physical and psychological growth of children.A: Mia, could I interest you in some lunch down the street at my favorite restaurant? B: Yes, it's a great day for a little walk and some lunch.A：I hope we will be good friends.10find a jobA:The graduation is coming. I have to find a job, but I really don`t know how to start. What is your suggestion?B: Do you have the feeling that there are lots of jobs out here but it seems you cannot find one?A: How do you know?B: I felt the same when I hunted for a job before. The first thing you should do is to know what you`re good at and put it into words.A: What do you mean?B: Actually, many of us are not naturally proficient at talking or writing about ourselves, so you have to brush up on the techniques. But do look objectively at yourself.A: And after knowing myself, I may decide which job suits me.B: Right! Once you`ve worked out why you`re a good match for a job, it will be eaiser to make convincing applications.A:Then what should I do?B: Target the right employers, and reduce the chance of repeated rejection.A: I hate being rejected. It will make me unconfident.B: With any hunt there`s always the possibility of disappointment, but don`t let that turn into defeat. From every pursuit that doesn`t bring the result you want, there`s something to be learned.A:Another problem is that should I make demands on the salary? Do you think it's appropriate?B: Every professional should know their worth in the employment marketA:Lastly, what’s your main consideration in your current job hunt?B:Potential growth opportunity. If a potential job does offer me an opportunity to growand mature, I will find it very easy to devote my career to executing my responsibilities at thehighest level.A: Thank you very much. You`ve been very helpful.11 will the traditional Chinese culture fade awayA: Hi, The Christmas has passed, but the atmosphere is still strong. You can see Santa Claus portraits, everywhere.B：Yes，it can rival our spring festival in the atmosphere of jollification.A: Not only the Christmas Day, you see people have more enthusiasm for the western Valentine’s Day than the Chinese.B: That's right , compared with the western festivals, we have less enthusiasm for our tratditional festivalsA: More than traditional festivals, many traditional Chinese cultures are fading away. B：Like what?A：Such as traditional festival, folk culture, handicraft, some dialects and so on. B：Get it. Referring to the dialect, I remember a report said something about Manchu language. It is a Tungusic language spoken in Northeast China, used by Manchu. Historically, the Manchu language is also important in that some Europeans were exposed to and familiar with Manchu before the encountered Chinese language. However, currently, very few native Manchu speakers remain and the entire area has been completely sinicized. Just think if the Manchu language is out of history stage, we will lost a lot of cultural heritage. What a terrible.A: You said it. Besides, the adult ceremony. You know. The growing-up of a man is a process of metamorphosis. In the bygone days, the main purpose to hold an adult ceremony was to put the ceremony receiver under various tribulations, and finally took them into the society of adults. The adult ceremony dates back to the Zhou Dynasty, enjoying a history of over 2000 years. And many ethnic minorities have their own unique adult ceremony as well. However in modern china the cultural adult ceremony is replaced by a programmed 18-years-old declaration. It contains little traditional culture.B：The most obvious recession of traditional Chinese culture can be observed from our traditional festivals. Struck by western festivals, some traditional Chinese festivals have been left behind by our nation. The registration of dragon boat festival on UNESCO by South Korea is a good lesson for us. Compared with our traditional festivals, people showed more attention on western festivals, especially Saint Valentine’s Day and Christmas Day. The connotation and meaning of festivals areneglected by us. People focus much on the style and entertainment, which are the right characteristics of western festivals. What do you think of the causes of the status?A: I think New cultural movement is one important part of the influential factors. You know the movement leads a revolt against Confucian culture. They called for the creation of a new Chinese culture based on global and western standards, especially democracy and science. However New Culture leaders exaggerated the radical nature of their intellectual break with the past and that basic shifts had already taken place in earlier generations.B: And the government bears a heavy responsibility for the mess. Besides the civil group, government should play a prime role in protecting and propagating our traditional Chinese culture. However, compared with western countries, the attention paid by our country on culture protection is obviously not enough. So China still has a long way to go. what about your opinion？A：But you must admitted that :so many Chinese traditional culture is developed very fast, it has it's own magic ,in recent years ,so many foreigners are flooding in to China to learn Chinese traditional culture ,which is called the " Chinese crazy", such as kongfu, sichuan cuisine and acupuncture.The Chinese traditional culture has passed on from generation to generation for 5,000 years ,and it will not fade away. B: May be. I hope so.12 Christmas DayA:What did you do at Christmas Day?B: I held a party with my friends. What about you?A: I stayed at home with my families.B: Do you think it is necessary for Chinese to celebrate some western festivals, such as Christmas Day, Valentine’s Day and so on?A: I don’t think so. Different countries have different festivals, each festival has itself significance meaning, and we have no necessary to celebrate the different countries’ festivals.B: But there are still some festivals worth celebrating, such as Thanks-giving Day, M other’ Day, Father’ Day, and so on.A: Yeah, usually how do the westerners celebrate Christmas?B: On this day, many people go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees.A ：You are right. Most families get up early on Christmas morning and open their gifts together. But some families open their gifts on Christmas Eve.B：What's all this I hear about Christmas stockings in America？You don't wear them，do you？A：Never！But American children do hang Christmas stockings by the fireplace. Then their parents fill the stockings with candy and small toys.B：Speaking of gifts，what gift did you get for your best friend LI this Christmas day？A ：I decided not to buy him anything.But it's something I made.B：That's beautiful！I'm sure John must be touched that you took the time to make such adelightful present.A:Yeah,you guess it.Topic 13: Debate: Have a debate on the to pic “Economic development or environmental protection?”A:Economic development and environmental protection are a pressing issue primarily for developing countries where, in trying to catch up with developed countries, they have to consume natural resources on an unprecedented scale. This has seriously polluted our environment. In my opinion, in China we should call for the precedence of environmental protection over economic development.B: On the whole I don’t support your opinion, I think We shal l give priority to the development of economy. China is a developing country, our economy is far behind the developed counties.Economic development is the foundation of all the national problems. No money can do nothing.A: Well, you have a point there, but we should be aware that during the Economic development, the natural environment and our living environment being destroyed.B: Can u give me more about the environment problems?A: The overcrowded living areas, the foul air, the impure water, the unbearable noise and rush hour traffic, all these things have affected the quality of life. For developing economy,the human crazy Plunder the natural resources which lead to earthquakes, landslides, dust storms, floods and other natural disasters occurred frequently.B Ok, I admit that but I’d like to draw your attention to the fact that there are many places of china, where the environment is pretty good, but there are lots of people lacking of food for survival. So why not develop firstly and protect later? A: But think about the past decades we followed the old model of “first pollution last treatment”, how did it come out? We must learn from the past, put environment protection in first priority. Only in this way can we solve the environmental problems in the future reasonably.B: If we can’t settle the problem of food and clothing,how do we call on people to protect the environment?Moreover, environmental protection also needs a lot of money. We must improve people’s living standards first, then to c onsider other things.A:I can understand the importance of economic development but china’s economy has developed to a stage where we have to consider the environment .Actually, environment protection can save a lot of money and destruction.B: But it’s th e current situation, on one hand we need to develop, but on the other hand we should protect our environment. How can we deal with it?A:Any attempt to pose economic development and environmental protection as diametrically contradictory is simple-minded. Since no country is willing to stop its economic development, the best way is to strike a balance between the two andto heighten the environmental awareness of those solely concerned with economic development.Those European countries both economically developed and environmentally friendly can serve as perfect examples for China. Their success story in both undertakings illustrates that environmental protection does not mean a complete standstill of economic activities or exploitation of natural resources, but rather an active development and application of effective technologies to minimize environmental consequences.B: neither a primitive society which is perfectly ecologically friendly nor an industrial civilization which is ecologically hostile is what we want. Environmental problems arise as a result of industrialization and only technologies can deliver solutions to those problems.Topic 14: What is low carbon energy? Why should we favor low carbon energy?A: With the development of society and Industrial technology, the quantity demand is becoming more and more large. The traditional energy, for example mine, creates a large amount of carbon dioxide. So the need of low carbon energy is very important.B: I definitely agree with you. As we know, Low-carbon power comes from sources that produce greenhouse gases but fewer than usual. It includes zero carbon power generation sources, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power and nuclear power, as well as sources with lower-level emissions such as natural gas. These power-generation techniques emit significantly less carbon dioxide than a traditional fossil fuel power plant.A: You are right. So far, the global energy scene is currently dominated by climate change. Energy security is strongly affecting the problem about energy development priorities. Because of The traditional energy, climate change has become our main problems. Climate change is widely recognized as the major global environmental problem. Such as icecaps melting in the polar areas, rainfall, storms, and so on.B: Yes. So In order to mitigate the phenomenon, we should make efforts to develop new energy resources as soon as possible by calling for international cooperation in energy field. Besides, paying more attention on energy saving and full-efficient in our daily life, which are helpful in reducing the release of carbon. Most importantly, it’s essential to emphasize the concept of improving the efficiency of energy.A: That’s right. In a word, we should actively favor the low carbon energy to make sure the sustainable development.Topic 15Q: Can you make a list of some coal mining safety problems? What are the measures and precautions we can take to eliminate coal mine accidents based on what you have learned?A: Hi , what are you reading?B: Today’s newspaper.A: Is there Any important news?B: Look，there is a report about the coal mine accident. forteen people were killed and six people are missing.A: Oh, my god! I can’t understand why coal mine is always in the accident.Jack, I heard that you graduated from China university of mining, can you explain it for me. B: Ok. In general, coal accidents mainly include four problems which are outburst, roof collapse, water rush and coal mine blasts.A: wait, wait, wait, what is outburst?B: Gas outburst is refers to the coal mine with the increase of mining depth, the increase of the content of gas, In the ground stress effect, the gravitational force of gas released under weak coal seam breakthrough resistance line, instantly release a lot of gas and coal and cause a geological disasters.A: oh, I see.B: Mining is usually dubbed “the most dangerous job in China” followed by news reporting. In fact most mine accidents are blamed on failures to follow safety rules. Therefore, the central government takes measures to emphasizing the stricter regulation, and mine managers must follow workers down the shaft. The daily procedure is recorded, displayed and subject to public supervision. That’s no doubt that essential training can also play an important roleA: What are the measures and precautions we can take to eliminate coal mine accidents based on what you learn?B: For my major, we can improve the condition by being equipped with advanced and intelligent machines and systems. In other words, we have to promote the development of mining machinery and equipment.A: Can you tell me about specific?B: For example, make use of the more reliable systems to the fullest to detect explosive and dangerous gases. In addition, installing mine monitoring equipment, pressure fans, water supplies and communications systems and to build emergency shelter systems are necessary.B: Your work is very important!A: In a word, coal mine is a very dangerous place, we should stick to do our best to make sure the safety of miners by many kinds of ways.。

2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all th e legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examinationKey: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethal Key: BA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC.variety D. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offense Key: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC.jealousy D. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stakeKey: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociouslyKey: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotionKey: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessibleto D. susceptible toKey: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is said Key: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if any Key: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C.insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。

中国社会科学院研究生院2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语（A卷）2016年3月26日8:30–11:30答题说明1.请考生按照答题卡的要求填写相关内容。

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4.试卷第三部分（包括阅读7选5、概要）、第四部分(包括英译汉、汉译英)，请考生直接写在英语试题答题纸上的指定位置，不再提供额外的答题纸。

请将以下题目的答案填写在答题卡上。

PART I:Cloze(20points)Directions:Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control.Production workers must be able to do just-in-time inventories.Managers are increasingly shifting from a"don't think,do what you are told"to a"think,I am not going to tell you what to do"style of management.This shift occurs not because today's managers are more___(1)___than yesterday's managers, but because the evidence is mounting that the second style of management is more___(2)___than the first style of management.But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different models of behavior.To be on top of this situation,tomorrow's managers will have to have strong background in organizational psychology,human relations,and labor___(3)___.The MIT Sloan School of quickly management attempts to___(4)___our understanding in these areas through research and then quickly bring the___(5)___of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge managers when it comes to the human side of the equation.The first three decades after World War II were___(6)___in___(7)___the United States had a huge technological lead___(8)___all the rest in the world.In a very real sense,___(9)___ technological competitive.American firms did not have to worry about their technological competitiveness because they were___(10)___.But that world has disappeared.Today we live in a world where American firms___(11)___ have automatic technological___(12)___.In some areas they are still ahead,in some areas they are ___(13)___,and in some areas they are behind,but on average,they are average.___(14)___this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of technical change in ways___(15)___were not necessary in the past.Conversely,managers from the rest of the world know that it is now possible for them to dominate their American competitors if they understand the forces of technical change better than their American competitors do.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically___(16)______(17)___their functional tasks within the firm.They don't have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies,___(18)___they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not bet on new technologies.If they___(19)___what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box,they___(20)___to make the changes.They will be losers,not winners.1.a.enlightened b.enlightening c.enlightenment d.enlighten2.a.sterile b.producing c.productive d.extravagant3.a.economics b.economic c.economy d.economies4.a.take b.arouse c.rise d.advance5.a.results b.evidence c.content d.fruitsual b.flawed c.unusual d.unessential7.a.which b./ c.that d.those8.a.by b.over c.on d.upon9.a.was the world not b.the world was notc.did the world be notd.was not the world10.a.superior b.super c.inferior d.junior11.a.still b.even c.neither d.no longer12.a.superiority b.inferiority c.majority d.minoritymon b.average c.ignorant d.exceptional14.a.How b.That c.What d.Which15.a.that b.they c.those d.who16.a.illiterate b.sophisticated c.literate d.omniscient17.a.regardless b.in spite of c.despite d.regardless of18.a.and b.likewise c.furthermore d.but19.a.didn’t understand b.don't understandc.haven’t understoodd.hadn’t understood20.a.failed b.would have failedc.would faild.would be failedPART II:Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage1The leaders of the mythopoetic men's movement believe that modernization has led to the feminization of men.Mythopoets believe that the rise of the urban industrial society"trapped men into straitjackets of rationality,thus blunting the powerful emotional communion and collective spiritual transcendence that they believe men in tribal societies typically enjoyed".Most importantly,the movement seeks to restore the"deep masculine"to men who have lost it in their more modern lifestyles.Other causes for the loss of the"deep masculine"include:Men no longer being comrades who celebrated their masculinity together.Rather,they had become competitors within their workplaces;Men spending more time in their houses with women than they did with men(in non-competitive terms outside of work).Excessive interaction with women generally kept men from realizing their internal masculinity;Feminism is bringing attention to the“feminine voice.”Through this,the mythopoetic men felt that their voices had been muted(though Bly and others are careful in not blaming feminism for this);The separation of men from their fathers kept them from being truly initiated into manhood,and was a source of emotional damage.Men were suffering further emotional damage due to feminist accusations about sexism.Men should celebrate their differences from women,rather than feeling guilty about them.Men is being discouraged from expressing their emotions.Male inexpressivity is an epidemic and does not correspond to their "deep masculine"natures.Groups of primarily white,middle-aged,heterosexual men from the professional class retreated from their female loved ones in order to join in spiritual rituals that emphasized homosociality,with the central goal of reclaiming the parts of their masculinity that they had lost called the"deep masculine."Because most men no longer perform masculine rituals, mythopoets assert that men have mutated into destructive,hypermasculine chauvinists,or,in the opposite direction,have become too feminized.The mythopoetic men performed rituals at these gatherings,which were meant to imitate those performed by tribal societies when men initiated boys into a deeply essential natural manhood.The movement emphasized the importance of including multiple generations of men in the rituals,so that the men could learn about masculinity from those who were older and wiser.Characteristic of the early mythopoetic movement was a tendency to retell myths,legends and folktales,and engage in their exegesis as a tool for personal ing frequent references to archetypes as drawn from Jungiananalytical psychology,themovement focused on issues of gender role,gender identity and wellness for the modern man(and woman).Advocates would often engage in storytelling with music,these acts being seen as a modern extension to a form of"new ageshamanism"popularized by Michael Harner at approximately the same time.The movement sought to empower men by means of equating archetypal characters with their own emotions and abilities.For instance,Michael Messner describes the concept of"Zeus energy"as emphasizing"male authority accepted for the good of the community".Beliefs about the emotional system based in archetypes of great men,mythopoets sought to channel these characters in themselves,so that they could unleash their"animal-males". This group primarily analyzed the archetypes of King,Warrior,Magician,Lover and Wildman.As a self-help movement the mythopoetic movement tends not to take explicit stances on political issues such as feminism,gay rights or family law(such as the issues of divorce,domestic violence or child custody),preferring instead to stay focused on emotional and psychological well-being.Because of this neutrality,the movement became a site of social criticism by feminists, and was often characterized as anti-intellectual as well as apolitical.Michael Messner once gave a speech at a gathering,in which he addressed the dangers of celebrating the warrior,as instances of rape are higher in countries that glorify war.The mythopoets responded that they were not interested in intellectual or political pursuits,but were primarily concerned with conducting spiritual and emotional work.Additional feminist critique revolved around the movement's absence of women's perspectives,as well as the essentialism in the movement's teachings. Comprehension Questions:21.The mythopoetic men's movement can best be understood as________________.a.a men’s literary movementb.a men's liberation movementc.a men's rights movementd.a second-wave feminist movement22.The mythopoetic men's movement consists of groups of men who retreated from their femaleloved ones in order to strive for________________.a.gay rightsb.same-sex marriagec.masculinityd.myths,legends and folktales23.The idea that modernization has led to the feminization of men means that_________________.a.men cannot be themselvesb.men can no longer make friendsc.men’s voices have changedd.men cannot express themselves24.The root issue is________________.a.feminismb.masculinityc.sexd.gender25.According to the text,the causes for rape must be sought in_________________.a.the celebration of the archetype of the warriorb.the unleashing of men’s"animal-males”c.domestic violenced.the loss of masculine ritualsPassage2Although in the novel the millennium has been and gone,there are no references at all to real contemporary American or global political events of the time of writing.Chapstick,Pledge,and Skevener in their study The Endless Loop of History:Space Time in the work of David Foster Wallace(London2001)have already noted the way Infinite Jest divorces itself from history by the use of sci fi elements.They note how compared with the American post moderns,whose works interact with real historical time,Infinite Jest takes place in an ahistorical,allegorical time.DFW’s invention of Subsidized Time,and the renaming of years after products and companies shows the way in which the soul-rotting effects of advertising infect time as well as internal and external space(cf:Phillip K Dick’s adverts projected onto the moon in The Man in the High Castle). Otherwise,the ubiquitous presence of advertising in contemporary daily life is absent from the novel.Actually,this is not correct.The theme of waste management(also the underlying structure of Don DeLillo’s novel Underworld)reflects some of the anxieties of the90s,the decade in which the novel was written:namely,global warming,environmental concerns,nuclear waste management,including its export to third world countries,the trading of carbon emission points, futures swaps in carbon footprints etc.DFW is here simply satirizing contemporary concerns;and a Freudian reading of this theme is both unnecessary and not really illuminating,Don Gately’s work as a shit hoser notwithstanding.DFW’s use of spurious knowledge and scholarship(including a spurious academic apparatus at the back of the book)has been amply commented on,especially the doubtful physics of J.O.Incandenza’s work with lenses and nuclear annulation,and the iffey math involved in the Eschaton game.By his use of the spurious DFW is not only satirizing the discourse of academic knowledge,but making a serious point about the extent and typology of knowledge itself.Once knowledge becomes so specialized as to become comprehensible to only a very few –those firmly inside the discourse-what status does that knowledge gain?To those outside the discourse,the knowledge can only be taken on trust,and therefore all manner of hoods may be winked.In this case the boundaries between the fictional and the real become blurred,a matter for argument.We are used to questioning the reliability of the narrative voice in fiction,but not so able to question in the same way the reliability of academic discourse or specialist knowledge.The presence of the spurious next to the real infects the real,inviting us to extend our distrust of fictional narrative to non-fictional exposition,the fiction(le mensonge)and the truth become mirrors of each other.The title of a work stands in metonymic relationship to the content of the work:War and Peace,for example,signifies the two main themes and structuring devices of that novel.For existing books,(real,read books),the title summons up everything we know or remember about the book.Where that work is non-existent(fictional,spurious,lost or simply unknown/unread)the title acts as an empty signifier,which we can fill with our imagination, effectively writing the work ourselves in a flash.Barthes calls these bookless titles prolepses; Nabokov creates summaries and detailed commentaries for them(in Pale Fire and The Real life of Sebastian Knight);Borges bases his whole stylistics on this process of metonymic expansion;and Eco fills entire imaginary libraries with these fantastical books.DFW for his imaginary works,like Hoffmann,has a penchant for excessively long and humorous titles,whose length guides us in this process of creation cf:Good Looking Men in Small Clever Rooms that Utilize Every Centimeter of Available Space With Mind-Boggling Efficiency(title of one of J.O.Incandenza’s entertainments), and Mousetraps and their Influence on the Character and Achievement of the Feline Race(title of one of Murr’s books from Hoffmann’s The Life and Opinions of the Tomcat Murr).Comprehension Questions:26.According to the author,the use of some of the anxieties of the90s does not contradict theproposition that the novel Infinite Jest takes place in an ahistorical time because _______________.a.the millennium has been and goneb.DFW is here simply satirizing contemporary concernsc.DFW’s invention of Subsidized Timed.he uses sci fi elements27.DFW’s invention of Subsidized Time exemplifies_______________.a.the ubiquitous presence of advertising in contemporary daily lifeb.the commercialization of American societyc.the endless loop of historyd.American post modernism28.Following Roland Barthes,which of the following titles would be an example of prolepsis?a.War and Peace.b.The Real life of Sebastian Knightc.Mousetraps and their Influence on the Character and Achievement of the Feline Race.d.The Life and Opinions of the Tomcat Murr29.An innovation by DFW to post modern fiction is exemplified by________________.a.the unreliable narratorb.the distrust of academic discoursec.the process of metonymic expansiond.fictional,spurious,lost or simply unknown/unread works30.The title of the novel suggests that it is________________.a.an allegoryb.a parodyc.an apophasisd.a procatalepsis Passage3According to the Koran,it was on a Tuesday that Allah created st September11, when suicide pilots were crashing commercial airliners into crowded American buildings,I did not have to look to the calendar to see what day it was:Dark Tuesday was casting its long shadow across Manhattan and along the Potomac River.I was also not surprised that despite the seven or so trillion dollars that we have spent since1950on what is euphemistically called“defense,”there would have been no advance warning from the FBI or CIA or Defense Intelligence Agency.While the Bushites have been eagerly preparing for the last war but two—missiles from North Korea,clearly marked with flags,would rain down on Portland,Oregon,only to be intercepted by our missile-shield balloons—the foxy Osama bin Laden knew that all he needed for his holy war on the infidel were fliers willing to kill themselves along with those random passengers who happened to be aboard hijacked airliners.For several decades there has been an unrelenting demonization of the Muslim world in theAmerican media.Since I am a loyal American,I am not supposed to tell you why this has taken place,but then it is not usual for us to examine why anything happens;we simply accuse others of motiveless malignity.“We are good,”G.W.proclaims,“They are evil,”which wraps that one up in a neat ter,Bush himself put,as it were,the bow on the package in an address to a joint session of Congress where he shared with them—as well as with the rest of us some-where over the Beltway—his profound knowledge of Islam’s wiles and ways:“They hate what they see right here in this Chamber.”I suspect a million Americans nodded sadly in front of their TV sets.“Their leaders are self-appointed.They hate our freedoms,our freedom of religion,our freedom of speech, our freedom to vote and assemble and disagree with each other.”At this plangent moment what American’s gorge did not rise like a Florida chad to the bait?A member of the Pentagon Junta,Rumsfeld,a skilled stand-up comic,daily made fun of a large group of“journalists”on prime-time TV.At great,and often amusing,length,Rummy tells us nothing about our losses and their losses.He did seem to believe that the sentimental Osama was holed up in a cave on the Pakistan border instead of settled in a palace in Indonesia or Malaysia, two densely populated countries where he is admired and we are not.In any case,never before in our long history of undeclared unconstitutional wars have we,the American people,been treated with such impish disdain—so many irrelevant spear carriers to be highly taxed(those of us who are not rich)and occasionally invited to participate in the odd rigged poll.The Bush administration,though eerily inept in all but its principal task,which is to exempt the rich from taxes,has casually torn up most of the treaties to which civilized nations subscribe—like the Kyoto Accords or the nuclear missile agreement with Russia.The Bushites go about their relentless plundering of the Treasury and now,thanks to Osama,Social Security(a supposedly untouchable trust fund),which,like Lucky Strike green,has gone to a war currently costing us$3 billion a month.They have also allowed the FBI and CIA either to run amok or not budge at all, leaving us,the very first“indispensable”and—at popular request—last global empire,rather like the Wizard of Oz doing his odd pretend-magic tricks while hoping not to be found out.Meanwhile, G.W.booms,“Either you are with us or you are with the Terrorists.”That’s known as asking for it. Comprehension Questions:31.The author believes that America’s defense spending______________.a.protects the national securityb.is good for humanityc.primarily fights terrord.is a misnomer32.The author uses the term“rigged pole”to______________.a.cast doubt upon the voting processb.refer to public opinion pollsc.remind the reader of political corruptiond.add humor to an otherwise serious article33.In the essay,President George W Bush’s use of dichotomy is portrayed as______________.a.jingoistic and rationalb.misleading and simplisticc.well-considered and politically expedientd.effective rhetoric that will stand the test of time34.The use of the term“Pentagon junta”indicates the author’s belief that______________.a.the Pentagon has transformed into a populist political machineb.the leaders of America’s military establishment were overrepresented in Bush’s White Housed.journalists have not been able to get solid information from the Bush administration35.When the author mentions the Tresury,Social Security,the FBI,and the CIA,he intends tohighlight the fact that______________.a.war-related expenses are like magic tricksb.America is spending harmful amounts of money on“security”c.it is difficult to fund the American empired.America’s empire is not popular,but it may be necessary to maintain“security”Passage4The ground broken by Freud and Breuer’s pronouncement,in the“Preliminary Communication”concerning the psychogenesis of hysteria,that“hysterics suffer mainly from reminiscences”brought to view the tangled roots linking the developing concept of a hidden and powerful unconscious with nineteenth century anxieties concerning memory’s absence and excess. Freud’s later emphasis upon fantasy,rather than memory,in his revised writings on hysteria’s aetiology can be regarded,in part,as the vanquishing of memory’s unbiddability by fantasy’s origins in unconscious wishes and anxieties.Two qualifying currents ran through this new emphasis upon fantasy and desire rather than upon involuntary memory.First,the issue of personal responsibility raised by this new emphasis on unconscious sexual and violent fantasies was mitigated by Freud’s consolation to his earliest hysterical patients that“we are not responsible for our feelings”.Second,the possible association only of fantasy with the determining force of unconscious inner processes.Hystories,which continues its author’s earlier study of hysteria associates this return with the development of a divisive“survivor”culture characterized by blame and vengeful litigation. Showalter’s fundamentally Enlightenment critique of this culture suggests that only a renewed emphasis upon fantasy can rescue contemporary western culture from the distortions that threaten its stability and limit its capacity for healthy and democratically organized public life.In short, Showalter calls for the nurturing of a psychically enlightened culture within which collective or individual responsibility can be acknowledged for violent,fearful,or sexual fantasies.The thesis propounded in this polemical and accessible work is that hysteria,despite the views of the psychological establishment,is“alive and well”in the late twentieth century western world, though in transformed guise.Hysteria’s domain has shifted,argues Showalter,from the clinic to the popular narrative,or“history”,in which various arguably“traumatic experiences”take centre-stage. TV,the popular press,and e-mail spread hystories with which growing numbers of troubled individuals are coming to identify.These hystories of ME,Gulf War Syndrome,recovered memory, multiple personality disorder,satanic abuse and alien abduction each provide explanatory narratives that allow somatic or psychical symptoms.The sub-title of the US version of Hystories and aspects of its argument foreground the part played by the speed and spread of contemporary electronic communications in the escalation of hystories.However,Hystories’argument,in keeping perhaps with the book’s critique of hystories themselves,eschews direct accusation.Nevertheless,the sharpest edge of Showalter’s cultural critique of hystories is directed against their crossing of the line from private narratives that enable therapeutic sense to be made of a life,to media-spurred,public,political and judicial“rituals of testimony”that involve accusation and persecution.In a final chapter that warns—a littlehysterically perhaps—of the coming hysterical plague,Showalter likens the emergence and proliferation of these public discourses to the witch-hunts of the seventeenth century.She concludes that this development,demonstrates the“human propensity to paranoia”.At base,Hystories calls for a return to those insights and values arguably delivered by Freud’s turn towards fantasy.For Showalter,hystories appear to represent a withdrawal from the hard task enjoined by those insights:that of grasping as our own unconscious fantasies the violent, destructive,or sexual forces that hystories locate and persecute elsewhere and in others. Showalter’s impassioned plea is to return to enlightenment values.“The hysterical epidemics of the 1990s continue to do damage”,she concludes“in distracting us from the real problems and crises of modern society,in undermining respect for evidence and truth,and in helping support an atmosphere of conspiracy and suspicion.They prevent us from claiming our full humanity as free and responsible beings”.It is the recognition of universal human propensities and,in particular,the grasping of responsibility for our own projections that promises to move us beyond a culture of blame inhabited by perpetrators and victims,and towards a freer and a more equal society. Comprehension Questions:36.Showalter’s interest in to be found mainly in the academic discipline of________________.a.historyb.sociologyc.psychologyd.the media37.According to Showalter,soldiers suffering from psychosomatic ailments known as the‘GulfWar Syndrome’are dealing with________________.a.repressed memories from the First Iraq War(1991)b.delusions created by chemical or biological weaponsc.unconscious fears about contact with toxinsd.somatic expression of exposure to depleted uranium38.The attitude of the reviewer of the book by Showalter may best be described as_________________.a.reservedb.ironicc.sympatheticd.convinced39.According to the researcher,mankind has always had the tendency of________________.a.externalization of the causes of unhappinessb.reduction of complexities to simplified storiesc.deification of supernatural phenomenad.schizophrenic paranoia40.The analysis and comparison with seventeenth-century witch-hunts by Showalter,successfullypredicts the hysteria and persecution in our day of_________________.a.paedophilesb.catholicsc.veganistsd.terrorists请将以下题目的答案填写在答题纸上。

矿大（北京）博士入学英语阅读练习12-22Passage One (QQ群矿大北京2016考博370230165)Questions 16 to 19 are based on the following passage.Oil companies needs offshore platforms primarily because the oil or natural gas the companies extract from the ocean floor has to be processed before pumps can be used to move the substances ashore. But because processing crude (unprocessed oil or gas) on a platform rather than at facilities onshore exposes workers to the risks of explosion and to an unpredictable environment, researchers are attempting to diminish the need for human labor on platforms and even to eliminate platforms altogether by redesigning two kinds of pumps to handle crude. These pumps could then be used to boost the natural pressure driving the flow of crude, which, by itself, is sufficient only to bring the crude to the platform, located just above the wellhead. Currently, pumps that could boost this natural pressure sufficiently to drive the crude through a pipeline to the shore do not work consistently because of th e crude’s content. Crude may consist of oil or natural gas in multiphase states—combinations of liquids, gases, and solids under pressure—that do not reach the wellhead in constant proportions. The flow of crude oil, for example, can change quickly from 60 percent liquid to 70 percent gas. This surge in gas content causes loss of “head”, or pressure inside a pump, with the result that a pump can no longer impart enough energy to transport the crude mixture through the pipeline and to the shore.Of two pumps being redesigned, the positive-displacement pump is promising because it is immune to sudden shifts in the proportion of liquid to gas in the crude mixture. But the pump’s design, which consists of a single or twin screw pushing the fluid from one end of the pump to the other, brings crude into close contact with most parts of the pump, and thus requires that it be made of expensive, corrosion-resistant material. The alternative is the centrifugal pump, which has a rotating impeller that sucks fluid in at one end and forces fluid out at the other. Although this pump has a proven design and has worked for years with little maintenance in waste-disposal plants, researchers have discovered that because the swirl of its impeller separates gas out from the oil that normally accompanies it, significant reductions in head can occuras it operates.Research in the development of these pumps is focused mainly on trying to reduce the cost of the positive-displacement pump and attempting to make the centrifugal pump more tolerant of gas. Other researchers are looking at ways of adapting either kind of pump for use underwater, so that crude could be moved directly from the sea bottom to processing facilities onshore, eliminating platforms.16. Which one of following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. Oil companies are experimenting with technologies that may help diminish the danger to workers from offshore crude processing.B. Oil companies are seeking methods of installing processing facilities underwater.C. Researchers are developing several new pumps designed to enhance human labor efficiency in processing facilities.D. Researchers are seeking to develop equipment that would preempt the need for processing facilities onshore.17. The passage supports which one of the following statements about the natural pressure driving the flow of crude?A. It is higher than that created by the centrifugal pump.B. It is constant regardless of relative proportions of gas and liquid.C. It is able to carry the crude only as far as the wellhead.D. It is able to carry the crude to the platform.18. With which one of the following statements regarding offshore platforms would the author most likely agree?A. If a reduction of human labor on offshore platform is achieved, there is no real need to eliminate platforms altogether.B. Reducing human labor on offshore platforms is desirable because researchers’ knowledge about the transportation of crude is dangerously incomplete.C. The dangers involved in working on offshore platforms make their elimination a desirable goal.D. The positive-displacement pump is the better alternative for researchers,because it would allow them to eliminate platforms altogether.19. The passage implies that the current state of technology necessitates that crude be moved to shoreA. in a multiphase stateB. in equal proportions of gas to liquidC. with small proportions of corrosive materialD. after having been processed16. A17. D18. C19. D。

中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order forQuestions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs intoa coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in eachnumbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed foryou in Boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job.We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewardsat my disposal.In fact,we’ll probably have to lay some people offin the near future.It’s hard for me to make the job interesting andchallenging because it isn’t—it’s boring,routine paperwork,andthere isn’t much you can do about it.[B]“Finally,I can’t say to them that their promotions willhinge on the excellence of their paperwork.First of all,they knowit’s not true.If their performance is adequate,most are more likelyto get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of yearsthan for some specific outstanding act.Second,they were trained todo the job they do out in the streets,not to fill out forms.Allthrough their career it is the arrests and interventions that getnoticed.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jiexi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liuliu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu sanqi.[C]“I’ve got a real problem with my officers.They come on theforce as young,inexperienced men,and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a heat.They seem to like the contact they have with the public,the action involved in crime prevention,and the apprehension of criminals.They also like helping people out at fires, accidents,and other emergencies.[D]“Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion.However,we know that’s not fair—too many other things are involved.Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court,but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win.We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports,but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly.No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition,and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”[E]“The problem occurs when they get back to the station.They hate to do the paperwork,and because they dislike it,the job is frequently put off or done inadequately.This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court.We need clear,factualreports.They must be highly detailed and unambiguous.As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect,the rest of the report is suspect.Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F]“So I just don’t know what to do.I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years.And I hope that this seminar will shed somelight on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators,managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city.At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G4142434445F答案详解41.【解析】[C]按照答题步骤，我们⾸先应当对已知信息进⾏研读，即阅读⾸尾段，归纳语篇的基本结构，找出答题的线索。

考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编20(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. ClozeCloze(北京航空航天大学2016年试题) The front matter of a book consists of the title, subtitle, table of contents, and preface. But the【C1】______of readers who pay no attention to the signals is larger than you might expect, unless you happen to be one of those who are【C2】______to admit it. I have this experience again and again 【C3】______students. I have asked them【C4】______a book was about. I have asked them to tell me, in the most general【C5】______, what sort of book it was. This, I have【C6】______, is a good way, almost an indispensable【C7】______, to begin a discussion. Many students are【C8】______to answer this first and simplest question about the book. Sometimes they apologize【C9】______that they haven’t finished reading it yet, and【C10】______do not know. That’s no【C11】______, I point out. Did you look at the title? Did you study the【C12】______? Did you read the preface【C13】______introduction? No, they did not. The front matter of a book【C14】______to be like the ticking of a clock,【C15】______you notice only when it is not there. One reason why titles and prefaces are【C16】______by so many readers is that they do not think【C17】______important to clarify the book they are reading. They do not follow this first【C18】______. If they tried to follow it, they【C19】______be grateful to the author【C20】______them.1．【C1】A．majorityB．amountC．numberD．figure正确答案：C解析：空格所在句是说不关注这些信息的读者数量要比人们预想的多。

2016中国矿业大学学术翻译实践期末试卷答案中国矿业大学2014-2015学年度第二学期硕士研究生《学术翻译实践》课程期末考试试卷姓名学号学院得分100分钟闭卷一、将下列句子翻译成英语，请在答题纸上作答。

（50分）1. 要提高能源利用效率，也就是要依靠能源、动力、石油化工及各行各业的可进进步来满足，而多相流问题（multiphase flow processes）与它们紧密相关并起着关键作用。

The raise of efficiency of utilizing energy depends on the scientific and technological progress in energy, power, petroleum and chemical industries, in which multiphase flow processes are closely related and play the key role.2.在受到认为控制的条件下，进行精确的观察，这是了解事物本质的第一步。

Accurate observation under controlled conditions is the first step in understanding nature. (动词转译为名词)3. 近代科学的发现得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。

（主被动语态转换）Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter in turn, may be created from energy.4. 随着大规模集成电路的出现，电子工业在20世纪60年代取得了巨大的进展。

The 1960s saw the great advance in electronics industry with the emergence of the large-scale integrated circuits. (谓语的确定)5. 由于他在设计上的革新，发动机变得小多了，工作得更平稳了，活动部件也少了。