下面是2008年全国英语专业重点院校的参考

一、完形填空1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】此题主要考查数量number，amount，quantity的固定搭配。

a large／considerable number of或numbers of接可数名词复数，在肯定句中可代替many；a large amount of通常与不可数名词连用；alarge／vast／small quantity或quantities of既可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词。

考生要特别注意文中此句没有不定冠词，故正确答案是D。

2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】better than“比……更好”；instead of“而不是……，代替……”；as well as“和，以及”；rather than“与其……倒不如”。

从下一句中的difficult to explain what is new or characteristicallyAmerican about them，可推测出此处句意为“……在国内外都很流行”。

故正确答案为C。

3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】此题主要考查对句子间连贯性的理解和过渡词的正确运用。

therefor e“因此，因而”，通常用于表示因果的逻辑关系中；yet“然而”，表转折关系的连接词；moreover“再者，此外”；thus“从而”，同therefore，但比therefore 正式。

空格前一句是说美国创作了流行国内外的音乐剧，其后一句则指出难以阐释音乐剧的新颖之处及美国的特色何在。

很明显，两句间具有转折的关系。

因而，正确答案为B。

4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】此处是对从句中关联词的考查。

which：用于选择两者或多者；that：前面应该有先行词；what除具有其疑问意义，即“什么”外，还有陈述意义，表示(所)……的(东西／事情)；how用于询问方法、途径。

根据句意，应选C。

5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】由下一段第一句话中的“uniqueness”可以推测出本题所表达的意思是“具有美国特征”。

各大学英研方向，考试科目及参考书目中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02英语语言学与英语教学03翻译理论与实践04英语国家文化03翻译理论与实践科目一政治 101 科目二 226二外俄语或227二外日语或228二外德语或229二外法语科目三基础英语 618 科目四翻译理论与实践 8221 《当代西方翻译理论探索》廖七一译林出版社 20002 《跨文化交际》金惠康中国对外翻译出版公司 20033 《英汉翻译手册》倜西、董乐山商务印书馆 20024 二外法语：《新大学法语》李志清高等教育出版社 20035 二外德语：《新求精德语》初级1、2；中级1 王晓明同济大学出版社 20036 二外日语：中日交流《标准日本语》初级上下、中级上人民教育出版社7 二外俄语：《大学俄语简明教程》张宝钤钱晓蕙高等教育出版社北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英美文学 02 比较文学初试科目：①101政治②222俄语二外或223日语二外或224德语二外或225法语二外③721基础英语④822英美文学北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学参考书目822 英美文学《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社〔1993年4月〕刘炳善《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社〔1981年〕杨岂深《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社〔2004年3月第二版〕常耀信《美国文学选读》南开大学出版社(2002年9月) 常耀信721 基础英语不根据某一种教科书命题北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学研究02翻译理论与实践03西方文论研究04 浪漫主义文学研究初试科目：①101政治②211德语〔二外〕或212俄语〔二外〕或213法语〔二外〕或214 日语〔二外〕③610语言学与英美文学④851专业综合考试复试备注：复试科目：笔试部分：高级词汇、文论评述、散文翻译、论文〔提供材料，写出一篇小论文〕口试部分：语言学、文学专业知识面试、〔二外〕听力和口语北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目610语言学与英美文学《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信《英国文学简读教程》清华大学出版社宫玉波851专业综合考试《英美文化基础教程》北京外研社朱永涛《实用翻译教程》高教出版社冯庆华北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英语文体学 02 英美文学 03 翻译理论与实践初试科目：①101政治②212俄语或213日语或214德语③616基础英语④854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)复试备注：笔试科目北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目616基础英语无参考书目854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)《语言学教程》北京大学出版社胡壮麟《英国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《英语国家社会与文化入门》上、下册高等教育出版社朱永涛北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01英汉语言比照分析02心理语言学03应用语言学与外语教学04社会语言学05系统功能语言学06语用学07翻译理论与实践研究初试科目：①101政治理论②213日语(二外)或214俄语(二外)或215德语(二外)或216法语(二外)③618基础英语④874综合英语北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目874综合英语《英语国家概况》(第二版) 外语教学研究出版社余志远主编;《美国文学简史》(第二版) 南开大学出版社常耀信主编;《语言学教程》(2001版) 北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编;《新编英国文学选读》(修订版) 北京大学出版社罗经国主编618基础英语《本课程为水平考试》不依据任何一教科书命题北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02翻译初试科目：①101统考政治②212日语二外或213法语二外或214俄语二外③614英语语言基础④817英语语言学与文学基础北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目212日语二外《中日交流标准日本语》〔初级1、2册，中级1、2册〕人民教育出版社中日合作编写213法语二外《大学法语简明教程》外语教学与研究出版社〔近年版〕薛建成《法语TEF考试冲刺教程》〔上、下〕外语教学与研究出版社2003年1月童佩智《研究生法语》〔第二外语〕下册北京大学出版社王庭荣614英语语言基础《高级英语》〔修订本〕外语教学与研究出版社〔第一版〕张汉熙，王立礼《Reader’817英语语言学与文学基础《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社2001年第一版胡壮麟《美国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕陶洁《英国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕王守仁对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01语言学 02英美文学 03英语国家研究初试科目：①101政治理论②272二外俄语或273二外法语或274二外德语或275二外日语或277二外西语③761基础英语④861综合英语对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目《高级英语》〔1-2册〕外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙《商务英语阅读》高等教育出版社2002 王关富《英语国家社会与文化入门》高等教育出版社1998 朱永涛《大学英汉翻译教程》〔第二版〕对外经济贸易大学出版社2004 王恩冕等《简明法语教程》〔上、下册〕商务印书馆1996 孙辉标准日本语〔初级上下册、中级上册〕人民教育出版社1990北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：翻译理论与实践〔笔译〕1、Bassnett, Susan. 《翻译研究》Translation Studies. 上海外语教育出版社.2004.2、Gentzler, Edwin .《当代翻译理论〔第二版修订本〕》Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised Second Edition). 上海外语教育出版社.2004.北京第二外国语大学英语系英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美社会文化 02理论语言学及应用语言学 03英美文学 04翻译理论与实践初试科目： 212日 213法 214德 215俄 216西〔任选〕611 基础英语 811 综合考试〔英1〕复试备注： 1. 611基础英语：语法、词汇30分、完形填空30分、阅读理解30分、段落翻译30分、命题作文30分。

2008年四川大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题1 Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?（A）The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.（B）Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.（C）The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.（D）Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.2 Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the______.（A）Renaissance period（B）seventeenth century（C）Middle Ages（D）eighteenth century3 Jonathan Swift wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.（A）The Battle of Books（B）The Pilgrim's Progress（C）Gulliver's Travels（D）A Tale of the Tub4 The following statements about neo-classicism are all true EXCEPT______.（A）Elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred（B）It results in the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre（C）It is unsympathetic towards the "rude" masters of old literature—towards Chaucer, Spenser, and even Shakespeare（D）It is almost exclusively a "town" poetry, catering to the interests of the society in great cities.5 Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Romanticism in England?（A）Spontaneity in expressing feelings.（B）Emphasis on reason.（C）Worship of nature.（D）Simplicity in language.6 Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?（A）Henry David Thoreau（B）Washington Irving（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）James Fennimore Cooper7 Which ONE of the following is the author of the poem Song of Myself?（A）Walt Whitman（B）Stephen Crane（C）Edgar Allan Poe（D）Henry Wadsworth Longfellow8 Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?（A）It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.（B）Belief in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.（C）Man has no free-will.（D）It holds that determinism governs everything.9 Mark the novelist whose major works are characterized by the elements of the "grotesque"?（A）Philip Freneau（B）Edgar Allan Poe（C）Washington Irving（D）Emily Dickson10 All the following concepts can be found in American naturalistic fiction EXCEPT______.（A）determinism（B）survival of the fittest（C）effects of hereditary and environmental forces（D）search for identity二、名词解释11 Oscar Wilde12 A Modest Proposal13 James Joyce14 Transcendentalism15 The Octopus三、问答题16 Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 WORDS each:(20 points)Make a comment on Emily Bronte' s novel Wuthering Heights.17 Make a comment on Herman Melville' s novel Moby-Dick.一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Most of the novels were first published in serial form，that is，by installment，before theywere fully published in a single book．(参见罗经国编的《新编英国文学选读下》第118页。

广东外语外贸大学2008年研究生入学考试英语专业水平考试样题1. Fill in each of the blanks below with a word provided in the brackets. The words you put in must be grammatically and semantically appropriate. You can only use the words in the brackets ONCE. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30分)(and, absolute, anticipate, best, breaks, browsing, deliberately, enjoy, differently, feel, health, norm, patterns, potential, some, then, those, tiredness, well, with)Be realistic about time in your planning. And suit yourself-everyone works (1)______, and your personal (2)_______ working patterns may (3)_______ be different from (4)__those_____ other people might expect from you. The aim should be to develop your own (5)_______, not to regulate your working habits to a conventional (6)_______.Allow for unexpected (7)________ such as days when libraries are closed, delays while materials arrive through the post, days when you don’t (8)_______ like working, etc. And create breaks (9)_______. For example, you should allow for creating variation in your working (10)________ . Read for a while, then do some writing or some research (11)_______ in a library; this can reduce the effect of strain or (12)_______ with long bouts of writing, something which is particularly important for (13)________ reasons if you work at a computer.Remember that finishing off always takes longer than you (14)_______ , so allow enough time for this. Be careful with deadlines: some are notional (and extensions are possible); others are fixed and (15)_______ , with the result that noncompletion on schedule can mean failure. Check the rules to find out which of these your deadline is.II. This section contains twenty multiple-choice questions on antonyms. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet (20分)1. DIVERGE(A) relay(B) bypass(C) enclose(D) come together2. LEVY(A) relinquish(B) rescind(C) repatriate(D) revitalize3. ANCHOR(A) unwind(B) disjoin(C) dislodge(D) disrupt4. FATUOUSNESS(A) sensibleness(B) courage(C) aloofness(D) obedience5. GIST(A) artificial manner(B) trivial point(C) eccentric method(D) singular event6. PERSEVERE(A) put into(B) send out(C) give up(D) take away7. AMALGAMA TE(A) separate(B) terminate(C) calibrate(D) correlate8. ANARCHY(A) courtesy(B) hope(C) neutrality(D) order9. HAPLESS(A) excited(B) elated(C) delighted(D) fortunate10. ENDORSE(A) oppose publicly(B) provoke criticism(C) receive payment(D) submit unwillingly11. EXPIRE(A) evolve(B) come to life(C) grow to fruition(D) bring to light12. METAMORPHSIS(A) relief from strain(B) cyclical motion(C) continuation without change(D) dogmatic persistence13. FERMENT(A) solidity(B) purity(C) tranquility(D) transparency14. PLETHORA(A) narrowness(B) dearth(C) choice(D) confusion15. SURCHARGE(A) discount rebate(B) liability(C) decrease(D) shortfall16. PROFUSE(A) rare(B) flawed(c) real(D) scanty17. SUBSTANTIATION(A) dissent(B) delusion(C) disproof(D) denial18. FORESTALL(A) announce(B) precipitate(c) steady(D) prolong19. ESTRANGEMENT(A) reconciliation(B) dissemblance(C) consolation(D) negotiation20. OUTLANDISH(A) prolific(B) noticeable(C) transparent(D) conventionalIII. Read the following passages carefully and complete the tasks. Write your answers an the Answer Sheet (50分)TEXT ASOMETHING ABOUT NAPLES just seems made for comedy. The name alone conjures up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible innocents warbling “O Sole Mio”; a nutty little corner of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question “Why?” appears to be “Why not?”Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rear-ended one of the city’s minibuses. The bus driver got out to investigate.While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off Neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again.Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there?But Naples actually isn’t so funny. Italy’s third largest city, with 1.1 million people has a much darker side. where chaos reigns: bag snatching and mugging clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights haven’t functioned for months, maybe years-if they have lights at all. Packs of wild dogs roam the city’s main park. Nineteen policemen on the anti-narcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the Camorra, the local Mafia.To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To them Naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized crime, appallingly large families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work.Nepolitans know their reputation, “People think nothing ever gets done here,” said a young professional woman “Sometimes they say, “Surely you come from Milan. You come from Naples? Naples?”Giovanni del Form, an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern. Italian city, the plane waited on the began to bear the comments around me: ‘Well here we are in Naples,’” he said with a wince. “These comments make me suffer”.Neapolitans may complain, but most can’t conceive of living anywhere else. The city has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers. They love even the things that don’t work, and they love being Neapolitans. They know outsiders don’t get it. and they don’t care. “Even if you go away” one woman said, “you remain a prisoner of this city. My city has many problems, but away from it I feel bad.”This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. Naples has survived wars revolutions, floods, earthquakes, and eruptions of nearby Vesuvius. First a wealthy, colony founded by the Greeks (who called it Neapolis, or “new city”), then a flourishing Roman resort, it lived through various incarnations under dynasties of Normans, Swabians, Austrians, Spanish, and French, not to mention a glorious period as the resplendent capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.It was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with London and Paris. The Nenziatella, the oldest military school in Italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory, the Teatro San Carlo remains one of the greatest opera houses in the world. The treasures of Pompeii grace the National Museum. Stretched Iuxuriantly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the Bay of Naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens, churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich folklore, Naples in the last century was beloved by artists and writers. The most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer, “See Naples and die.”Today that remark carries less poetic connotations. The bombardments of World War II were followed by the depredations of profiteers and politicians-for-rent who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself, surviving on government handouts, Until five years ago citygovernments were cobbled together by warring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. A cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in 1980 by a major earthquake. Its famous port has Withered (though the U.S. Sixth Fleet command is still based just up the coast), industries have failed, tourists have fled, natives have moved out-it seems that only drug trafficking is booming “Unlivable,” the Neapolitans say.1. The two examples in the second and third paragraphs intend to show that(A) Naples has a high incidence of traffic accidents.(C) people there love to store food for years.(D) everything appears to be on the wrong side.2. The fallowing words are appropriate to describe traffic conditions in Naples EXCEPT(A) disorder.(B) overcrowding.(C) insecurity.(D) inefficiency.3. It can be concluded from the passage that the Northerners(A) are critical of what Naples represents.(B) sympathize with Neopolitans.(C) share many thins with Neopolitans.(D) make every effort to shun Neopolitans.4. The author implies that Neopolitans’ affection for the city(A) was unrealistic.(B) went a bit too far.(C) was extraordinary.(D) gave rise to concern.5. When the author says “Today that remark carries less poetic connotations.” he actually means that(A) the city can now boast very few poets.(B) artists and writers have left for London and Paris.(C) the city underwent heavy bombing during the War.(D) The city’s present problems obscured its glorious past.TEXT BOnce found almost entirely in the western United States and in Asia, dinosaur fossils are now being discovered on all seven continents. A host of new revelations emerged in 1998 that promise to reshape scientists views of dinosaurs, including what they looked like and when and where they lived.It is doubtful that Tyrannosaurus Rex had lips or that Triceratops had cheeks, says Lawrence Wittrier, an assistant professor of anatomy at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. Witmer was a leading researcher for a study on dinosaur anatomy that was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, which concluded on October 3 in Snowbird, Utah.Witmer’s study reached its conclusions by using high-tech computerized axial tomography (CT or CA T) seans along with comparative anatomy studies. For example, the theory that Triceratops and similar dinosaur species had cheeks was based on past comparisons with mammals such as sheep. But Witmer’s careful analysis found the structure of the triceratops jaw and skull made it more likely that Triceratops had a beak like that of an eagle. Witmer said thatscientists should use birds and crocodiles as models when researching the appearance of dinosaurs.In early October scientists announced that they had confirmed the discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur. The dinosaur’s bones, found in New Mexico in 1996, are fencing paleontologists to rethink their, theories about when ceratopsians migrated to what is now North America.Scientists previously thought that ceratopsians, the group that included the well-known Triceratops, arrived in North America from Asia between 70 million and 80 million years ago. During this time, the late Cretaceous Period, the earth’s two supercontinents-Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south-were in the process of pulling apart, cutting dinosaur populations off from each other and interrupting migratory patterns.The fossilized bones, found by eight-year-old Christopher Wolfe and his father, paleontologist Doug Wolfe of the Mesa Southwest Museum in Arizona, date to about 90 million years ago. This could mean that ceratopstans originated in North America and migrated to Asia rather than the reverse, paleontologists Said. Doug Wolfe named the important new species of dinosaur Zuniceratops christopheri after his son.An expedition from the Universities of Alaska in Anchorage and Fairbanks has discovered a region in remote northern Alaska so rich in fossilized dinosaur tracks that team members dubbed it the “dino expressway”. The trampled area was found during the summer of 1998 on Alaska’s Norah Slope near the Brooks Range.The team found 13 new track sites and made casts from the prints of five different types of dinosaurs. The rock in which the prints were found dates to more than 100 million years ago, or about 25 million years older than the previously discovered signs of dinosaurs in the Arctic region. Paleontologists said that the new findings provide important evidence that dinosaurs migrated between Asia and North America during the early and mid-Cretaceous Period, before Asia split off into its own continent.Two rich fossil sites in the hills of Bolivia have been recently discovered, exciting paleontologists and dinosaur buffs .This discovery includes one of the most spectacular dinosaur trackways ever found.The discovery of a large site in the mountain region of Kila, Kila in southern Bolivia was announced in early October. Here scientists found the tracks of at least two unknown species of dinosaur. These included a large quadruped (four-footed) dinosaur that was probably about 20 m (about 70 ft) long.The other site, located not far from the Bolivian city of Sucre, was uncovered in a cement quarry by workers several years ago but was not brought to paleontologists attention until the middle of 1998. The site features a vertical wall covered with thousands of dinosaur prints representing more than 100 different species. The tracks date back to between 65 million and 70 million years age. Since dinosaurs are believed to have died out around 65 million years ago, the prints were likely made by some of the last dinosaurs on earth.Scientists speculated that the tracks were made at the edge of a lake or swamp and were then hardened and preserved. The rock containing the tracks was then pushed into a vertical position over millions of years of geologic activity. Dinosaur eggs have also been found at the site, which paleontologists are working to preserve before it falls victim to erosion. Paleontologists hope to study the site and learn about the diet and physical characteristics of the dinosaurs that arerepresented there.6. Witmer’s research leads people to believe(A) Tyrannosaurus Rex had lips and Triceratops had cheeks.(B) dinosaurs might have looked like mammals such as sheep.(C) dinosaurs might not have looked like what we thought.(D) dinosaurs must have looked like birds or crocodiles.7. The discovery of a new type of ceratopsian dinosaur suggests ceratopsians(A) migrated to North America around 70-80 million years ago.(B) arrived in Asia from North America about 90 million years ago.(C) originated in Asia and later migrated to North America.(D) could have moved to Asia from North America long ago.8. Newly-found fossilized tracks in Alaska proved that dinosaurs’ migration between Asia and North America took place(A) much earlier than experts previously thought.(B) much later than experts previously thought.(C) after Asia became an independent continent.(D) sometime around 25 million years ago.9. The discovery of dinosaur fossil sites in Bolivia is exciting because of the following reasons EXCEPT that(A) they are found in a continent other than Asia and North Continent.(B) the largest dinosaurs in the world are found in this discovery.(C) there are some unknown species of dinosaurs found this time.(D) the dinosaurs were believed to be some of the last ones on earth10. The passage focuses on(A) dinosaur’s geographical location.(B) shifting views of dinosaurs.(C) migration patterns of dinosaurs.(D) geologic activity of Earth.TEXT CIn sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle class behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of enquette has contained three elements, basic moral duties practical rules which promote effidiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean aspossible, before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behaviour, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, winch admitted women as the social equals of men After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The lords had retamed to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behaviour of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were inelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.Answer the following questions briefly. Please write your answers on the Answer sheet.11. One characteristic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency____________.12. Cite TWO elements of the code of etiquette.____________________________________________________.13. According to the writer, part of chivalry is that____________________.14. Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of_______________________.15. What does the writer use “Yet” in the last paragraph? ___________________.TEXTDFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven’t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Blackpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraordinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941-just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a matter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America. entrancing listeners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Part of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world “mid-Atlantic’, the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belongedto neither. Cooke’s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and even longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, fixing up an interview with Charlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him into a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist’s dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife’s name almost as much as he admired her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the wife of his landlord.Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, be declared on air that the fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces ware roped showed remarkable self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam’s soldiers. His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief among them. Cooke’s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to think of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the model for the regular World Service reports. From Our Own Correspondent known as FOOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.Answer the following questions briefly. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16. Which fact about Cooke is the writer most critical of?17. How would you describe Cooke?18. What does the writer mean by saying that ‘...most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities’ at the end of the fourth paragraph?19. What does the word unimpressed suggest in the last paragraph?20. In what kind of tone does the writer comment on Cooke’s life and career in the passage?IV. This section contains two tasks. Complete the tasks according to the instructions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.TASK ONE (20 分)Supply a missing paragraph to the following passage. Your paragraph should be consistent with the tone, style and rhetorical organization of the given passage. The paragraph should be within 80 words in length. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.An acceptable essay must be unified. It must make one clearly identifiable point. The best way to ensure unity is to write a strong thesis sentence, and then to make sure that everything else you write in the essay somehow develops that thesis sentence.In addition to being unified, an acceptable essay must be cohesive. Its parts must stick together. Cohesion is obviously closely related to unity Unless the essay sticks together there will be-or will appear to be-no unity. Cohesion, however, is really a matter of connectives, of the glue or the strings that hold together the different parts of an essay. We sometimes use the word transitions to refer to the connective devices by which writers announce that they are finished with one part of an argument and going on to the next part We sometimes use the word sign posts to refer to the quite explicit information that writers give to their readers about where they are in the development of their support for their thesis. Whatever the terminology we use to explain conesion, your will appreciate your telling them, quite directly, where you are and where you are going.Finally, an acceptable essay must be organized. Some principles of arrangement must be made evident to your readers. If your readers are to know where they are at any given point in your argument, they must be given a clear notion of how you are structuring your essay. The structure of your essay, the organizational principle of it, can be shown by means of an outline, or skeleton sketch.TASK TWO (30分)“A man is known by the company he keeps.” First state what this means and then explain how far you think this statement is justified. You should provide convincing evidence to support your argument.Your response should be within 500 words. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.参考答案1.Fill in each of the blanks below with a word provided in the brackets. The wordsyou put in must be grammatically and semantically appropriate. You can onlyuse the words in the brackets ONCE. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1 differently2 best3 well4 those5 potential6 norm7 breaks8 feel9 deliberately 10 patterns11 browsing 12 tiredness 13 health 14 anticipated 15 absoluteII. This section contains twenty multiple-choice questions on antonyms. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet1-5 C A B A B6-10 C A D D A11-15 B C C D C16-20 D C B C DIII. Read the following passages carefully and complete the tasks. Write your answers an the Answer Sheet1-5 B B A C D6-10 C D A C AText C11 To preserve extremely refined etiquette12 basic normal duties such as respect for age; practical rules such as making proper introduction at a party13 A knight held platonic love to a lady and woman should be of virtue and gentleness14 wealthy and leisured society15 although common people didn’t have a complicated code of manner, the essence of politeness of common people doesn’t vary much from that of high society’s.Text D16 His character, or his moral quality, is the writer most critical of17 A scoundrel who did very well as a radio broadcaster18 Few of his political opinions were original, and most of them were copied from fellow celebrities19 From this word we can guess that women listeners didn’t like him20 In a sarcastic tone the author makes commentIV. This section contains two tasks. Complete the tasks according to the instructions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.TASK ONESo, from above we know three elements of an acceptable essay. Unity, cohesion and organization are what writers should try to achieve in the process of writing. With practice, you may compose good essays and have dedicated readers.TASK TWOA man is known by the company he keepsThis sentence is first come from Aesop’s Fables with the meaning that a person is believed to be like the people with whom he or she spends time.And I personally can’t agree more with this epigram. In China there is also a sentence with the same meaning: one who nears vermilion becomes red and one who nears ink becomes black. Thousand of years ago our ancestors had found out this truth, and we descendents have no reason to disbelieve it. And I have more than enough evidence to prove the correctness of this sentence.In animal world, if a duckling happened to be raised by a hen, it would deem itself as a member of chicken family. And its behavior would be to a large extent like that of chicks.While in human society, the situation varies little. A man would definitely be influenced by people with whom he spends most time. For example, a new graduate who goes to his new job and hangs around with workers for several months would speak in the way that belongs to workers. Why? Because workers are everywhere. Their way of living constitute a new environment for that graduate. Under the influence of workers, he has to change. Otherwise, he would feel isolated.Good environment exerts good influences on people; bad environment exerts worse ones. Ask any criminal taken prisoner for theft and you would in surprise find out almost all of them were abetted to steal. As we know, no one was born a criminal. From this point we know how huge the influence of company is.。

2008北京外国语大学文科录取分数线（浙江）小编为方便您今年的报考工作，特意为您收集整理了2010年的高考录取分数线，更多更详细的高考资讯，尽在高考频道。

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本页内容主要有2008年浙江地区北京外国语大学文科高考分数线信息。

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谢谢您的访问！最后，预祝各位考生在今年的高考中能够取得优异成绩。

北京外国语大学在浙江地区录取分数线--理科专业类型平均分最高分最低分录取批次外交学614 615 -- 第一批日语614 614 -- 第一批德语613 614 -- 第一批国际经济与贸易612 612 -- 第一批会计学608 608 -- 第一批信息管理与信息系统610 610 -- 第一批新闻学613 613 -- 第一批金融学614 614 -- 第一批法语614 616 -- 第一批对外汉语612 612 -- 第一批翻译612 612 -- 第一批法学610 610 -- 第一批汉语言文学608 608 -- 第一批英语610 610 -- 第一批工商管理608 608 -- 第一批查看：2013浙江高考分数线 2008浙江高考分数线专题:全国历年高考理科分数线汇总全国历年高考文科分数线汇总北京外国语大学介绍：北京外国语大学是教育部直属的全国重点院校之一，是我国外语院校中历史最悠久、层次齐全、语种最多的高等院校。

北京外国语大学的前身是1941年在抗大三分校俄文大队基础上创办的延安外国语学校。

她是中国共产党为了适应抗日战争形势发展的需要而成立的，从一开始就受到了党中央和毛泽东、周恩来等老一辈无产阶级革命家的亲切关怀和具体指导。

新中国成立以来，她一直是我国培养外语人才，特别是培养外交、外贸、对外文化交流及外事翻译人才的主要基地。

1980年前学校归外交部领导,1980年后直属国家教育部领导，1994年，学校由北京外国语学院更名为北京外国语大学。

2008年吕。

报考程序姓名：吕。

毕业学校：山东、泰安、新泰市一中报考院校：中国海洋大学英语专业（文科）院校类别：985和211工程大学时间：2008.7.15号院校地点：中国山东青岛2008年省控线584分高考分数：614分，全省文科位次第1516名一、08年中国海洋大学录取分数线（文科）即07/06/05年海大录取分数线）及省控线年份该校录取分数线省控线录取难度系数（安全线、门槛线）05599 /590 572 599/572=1.047 06594/592 568 594/568=1.046 07625/593 593 625/593=1.054 该校综合录取难度系数：1.054*0.5+1.046*0.25+1.047*0.25=1.05008年高考分数线584，进入该校的安全线是584*1.050=613.2分门槛线计算：05/06/07年三年的录取难度系数590/572=1.031 592/568=1.042 593/593=1综合录取难度系数：1.0*0.5+1.042*0.25+1.031*0.25=0.5+0.2605+0.2578=1.018308年海大院校录取分数：584*1.0183=595分孩子当年考了614分，实际安全线、门槛线是613.2分、595分。

因此，孩子报考海大文科是安全的。

二、09年海大文科安全线、门槛线预测：安全线计算：594/568=1.046 621/593=1.047 612/584=1.0481.048*0.5+1.047*0.25+1.046*0.25=0.524+0.2617+0.2615=1.047209年省控线是593，即该年安全线是593*1.0472=621分。

门槛线计算：572/568=1.007 593/593=1 584/584=1 综合难度系数：1*0.5+1*0.25+1.007*0.25=0.5+0.25+0.25175=1.0075门槛线：596*1.0075=597分因此，09年安全线、门槛线分别是：621分和597分。

2008年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分180, 做题时间90分钟)1. 选择题1.Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.SSS_SINGLE_SELA decency.B posterityC apathyD eulogy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：句意：尽管他知道母亲一直在生病，但他还是没有按照礼节给她写信慰问。

“propriety”意为礼貌、礼节。

A选项意为礼貌、体面，因此为正确答案。

2.The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of the seasons.SSS_SINGLE_SELA perfidiousB plausibleC perilousD perpetual该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：句意：地球围绕地轴不停地旋转产生了四季更替。

“constant”意为持续不断的，由词义可知，D选项为最佳答案。

3.His former employer recommended him highly as having been a very industrious worker.SSS_SINGLE_SELA affluentB cogentC diligentD extinct该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他的前任老板对他评价很高，说明他工作非常的勤奋。

题干中的“industrious”与选项中的diligent同义，即“勤奋的”。

4.His arrogant manner has kept him from being very popular.SSS_SINGLE_SELA waxyB sleazyC surlyD flimsy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他傲慢的举止使得他很不受欢迎。

2008年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案一、完形填空0 It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is America's most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large【C1】______of musical plays that have been popular abroad【C2】______at home. 【C3】______. it is very difficult to explain【C4】______is new or 【C5】______American about them, for the【C6】______are centuries old.Perhaps the uniqueness of America's contribution to the【C7】______can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important andbest-known musicals, one of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst【C8】______popularity in 1943, Broadway audience and critics were【C9】______by its【C10】______. vitality and excitement. This "new" type of musical was【C11】______as kind of【C12】______theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and【C13】______. but to【C14】______in a single unifying whole to contribute its unique feature. 【C15】______. it meant that the songs and dances should【C16】______naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action【C17】______. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors.Oklahoma also marked a new【C18】______in the choice of story on which a musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting【C19】______more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural【C20】______. Oklahoma was based on a "folk" whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West.1 【C1】（A）number（C）quantity （D）numbers2 【C2】（A）better （B）instead of （C）as well as （D）rather than 3 【C3】（A）Therefore （B）Yet（C）Moreover （D）Thus4 【C4】（A）which（B）that（D）how5 【C5】（A）characteristically （B）particularly（C）mainly（D）exactly6 【C6】（A）factors（B）ingredients（C）composers（D）facts7 【C7】（A）trait（B）feature（C）genre8 【C8】（A）with（B）into（C）out into （D）in9 【C9】（A）struck （B）touched （C）moved（D）hit10 【C10】（A）vivacity （B）originality （C）creativity （D）dynamic（A）conceived （B）thought （C）believed （D）perceived 12 【C12】（A）special （B）peculiar （C）gross （D）total13 【C13】（A）variety （B）amusement （C）sundries （D）fun14 【C14】（B）join（C）put（D）share15 【C15】（A）In other words （B）sum up（C）On the contrary （D）Generally speaking 16 【C16】（A）arise（B）derive（C）raise（D）originate17 【C17】（A）out（C）forward（D）through18 【C18】（A）direction （B）way（C）method（D）epoch19 【C19】（A）for（B）with（C）without（D）except20 【C20】（A）circumstances （B）context（C）situation（D）surrounding二、阅读理解20 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant criticfor The New Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, "Of course not!" And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor anyone could see that. Writing about for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn't do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. "She's joined the leisure class," my friends said.I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing on the playgrounds of the rich.We didn't belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didn't own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly' prestigious. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, "How could you?"When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $ 100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. "They're absolutely right," it whispers. And when it asks, "When are you going to grow up and get a real job?" It sounds a lot like my mother.And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all I'm doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed.Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselvesthat they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera today, it is more like going the movies.21 Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her then?（A）Because she was ambitious.（B）Because she didn't think highly of the job.（C）Because she didn't think well of the job as a cook.（D）Because she didn't want to criticize anyone.22 The word "decent" in do the decent thing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.（A）very profitable（B）morally acceptable（C）fairly attractive（D）very pleasant23 In Paragraph 4, by "The year turned into two, three and more," the author means that______.（A）she went on and on working in restaurants（B）she lived a luxurious life for many years（C）she kept working for publications until she got a credit card（D）she went on and on Writing as a restaurants critic24 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（A）Most American can't afford to eat out.（B）American food has remained unchanged.（C）American like going to the movies.（D）Food in most American restaurants is cheap.25 Which of the following can be concluded from this article?（A）Cooks are respected in the U.S.（B）The author was once a cook.（C）Rich people like going to the theatre.（D）Restaurants critics all feel guilty.25 The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist intraditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoin, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the result would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter. Then, is far from clear-out, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonablefor infants.26 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?（A）Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.（B）Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.（C）The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.（D）Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.27 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?（A）Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.（B）Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.（C）A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（D）Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.28 It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that______.（A）the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies（B）a child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problem in later life.（C）mother bring up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies（D）children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years29 Which of the following statements in NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?（A）Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.（B）The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.（C）The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.（D）Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.30 Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?（A）Children under three should stay with their parents.（B）Early day care has positive effects on children's development.（C）The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.（D）The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.30 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost facetof our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structureand operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier toattain of one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of womenin the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.31 According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means______.（A）cultural groups that are formed by scientists（B）people whose knowledge of science is very limited（C）the scientific community（D）people who make good contribution to science32 We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because______.（A）it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science（B）science affects almost every aspect of our life（C）scientists live in a specific substructure（D）it is easier to understand general characteristics of science33 The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who______.（A）long for deeper understanding of science（B）are good at producing various gadgets（C）work in a storehouse of dried facts（D）are interested in popular science34 According to this passage,______.（A）English is a sexist language（B）only on this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly（C）women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language（D）male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists35 This passage most probably is______.（A）a book review（B）the preface of a book（C）the post script of a book（D）the concluding part of a book三、英译汉36 Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your ANSWER SHEET.A man only begins to be a man when he ceases to whine his adverse conditions, and commences to search for the hidden justice which regulates his life. And as he adapts his mind to that regulating factor, he ceases to accuse others as the cause of his condition, and builds himself up in sound and noble thoughts; ceases to kick against circumstances, but begins to use them as aids to his more rapid progress, and as a means of discovering the hidden power and possibilities within himself.37 The first night on the ice had been torture. The second was nightmare. Men lost their reason, began seeing visions, hearing voices. Some sank into mindless torpor; others went raving mad before death. That many continued to survive was incredible, but the will to live still burned fiercely in those still staggering around the ice-floes under the frosty moon. They reeled and weaved in a ghostly dance. The only indication they gave that their minds were still alive was when they emitted an occasional croak of encouragement to one another. For the most part they ignored the dead and dying, stepping over or shuffling around them as though they were lumps of ice.四、汉译英38 Translate the following passage into English：中国传统文化既是中华民族悠久历史的结晶，也是中华民族对于全人类的伟大贡献。

2008年天津外国语学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Thomas Hardy is a prolific writer whose works include the following except______.（分数：2.00）A.Far from the Madding CrowdB.To the Light HouseC.Under the Greenwood TreeD.Jude the Obscure2.In the first half of the 19th century English drama experienced a general decline; ______ two famous English playwrights revived the British theatre after this period of time.（分数：2.00）A.William Shakespeare and Christopher MarloweB.Harold Pinter and Samuel BeckettC.George Bernard Shaw and Oscar WildeD.Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg3.The three most eminent novelists who represent the three phases of the Victorian novels are Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and______.（分数：2.00）A.George MooreB.Louis StevensonC.James JoyceD.George Eliot4.Which of the following books deals with American Civil War?（分数：2.00）A.The Red Badge of CourageB.For Whom the Bell TollsC.Slaughterhouse-FiveD.Catch 225.The first writer who took the vernacular as a serious way of presenting reality after Mark Twain is______.（分数：2.00）A.Robert FrostB.Ernest HemingwayC.William Carlos WilliamsD.Sherwood Anderson6.Direct treatment of the "thing" , whether subjective or objective, is one of the poetic principles advocated by______.（分数：2.00）A.ImagistsB.RealistsC.NaturalistsD.Romanticists二、填空题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)7.Geoffrey Chaucer" s famous work 1contains 20-odd stories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.In 1, Thomas More offers an ideal social system, with which people replace tyranny with 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.The definition that "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" was written by 1in 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Harold Pinter, who 1, is one of the most gifted English playwrights in the post-war period.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.In his 1Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy" s rise from 2to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.As a reflection of Hester Prynne" s moral development, the 1symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from " 2"to "able" and last to "angel".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Known as African Americans" poet laureate, 1articulates the miseries and agonies of the blacks in face of racial discrimination.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、名词解释(总题数：3，分数：6.00)14.Briefly explain five—only the first Ave will be assessed in case more than five answers are provided—out of the following seven terms. Provide an example where you feel adequate. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)allegory（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Oedipus Complex（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.tragedy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、问答题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)17.Questions in this section are set for applicants to the MA program of American & British Literature . Answer any three of the following essay questions. Your answer is expected to have a clearly stated and focused central argument that is supported with discussion, explanation, examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary.(50 points) In what way does Daniel Defoe" s Robinson Crusoe reflect the history of British colonization in the 18 th century?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.Charles Dickens is believed to be basically an optimistic writer. Can you justify the view with reference to one of his novels?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.Emily Dickinson" s poetry abounds in images. In the best of her poems every word is a picture seen. Comment on the images in either "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" or "I Like to See It Lap the Miles".（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams successfully portrays a family of escapists. Explain how the theme of escapism is developed in this play.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.Marxist literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, deconstruction and feminist criticism are some of the popular approaches that Chinese students take in the study of literature. Try to explain any one of the four approaches to literature.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 作文22.Write in English an essay of approximately 300 words on one poem, story or play you have read from British or American literature of the twentieth century and comment on some very specific aspect of literary work. You are expected to write an essay with a clearly stated and focusedcentral argument that is supported with discussion, explanation , examples, and other evidence rather than a plot summary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。