2015年03月07日新托福阅读考题回顾

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心张姗姗考试日期2015.05.24Passage 1Title:动物的gliding大致内容本文描述了动物的gliding（滑行）。

一种动物可以在树与树之间穿行而不会掉下来。

这种动物存在于美国的一个地方，且数量很多，但其他地方的森林很少有这种动物。

解释了为什么gliding只发生在South Asia的rain forest。

第二段讨论了滑行动物是如何保持stability的。

之后提到了3个理论，但每个都在段落结尾被否定，比如树很高、且高度参差不齐，cane很多、森林里有毒的植物很多，而这种动物必须跋山涉水去其他地方寻找食物。

Passage 2Title:美国的crop land和soil的恢复大致内容有关U.S.的crop种植，开头讲了1930年的Dust Bowl, 属于environmental science。

这个沙尘暴席卷了Great Plain, 主要是wind erosion, 导致美国的crop种植的改革。

美国为了减少土地侵蚀，退耕护林，用了一个方法改革耕种方式。

后来又发现粮食供应不够，举了东京和美国几个城市解决这个问题的例子。

点评：本文为农业类文章，着重讨论了耕作的改革，理解文章的重点在于读懂具体采取了哪些措施。

Passage 3Title:海洋影响气候大致内容讲的是ocean如何影响了climate。

第一段介绍了climate model 是如何work的，提到iron可以让大海吸收更多二氧化碳，还有一种石灰石，有大量的某种气体，本来形成那种石头的过程会吸收很多二氧化碳，可是里面的气体跑出来却会增加温室效应。

还提到海洋产生的水蒸气会形成冰和雪。

讨论了ocean这个aspect是如何work的，主要探讨海洋通过洋流对赤道附近及赤道以外的地区发挥的作用。

点评：本次新托福考试重复2014年3月15日大陆考题。

词汇题：hence=therefore, particularly=especially, scarce=short, controversial=disagreement, induce=fuel, tremendous=enormous/numerous。

2015托福试题及答案1. 阅读部分1.1 阅读第一篇1.1.1 问题1：文章主要讨论了什么？答案：文章主要讨论了城市化对环境的影响。

1.1.2 问题2：作者在第二段提出了什么观点？答案：作者认为城市化进程中，城市规划应该更加注重可持续发展。

1.2 阅读第二篇1.2.1 问题1：文章中提到了哪些古代文明？答案：文章中提到了古埃及文明和美索不达米亚文明。

1.2.2 问题2：作者对古代文明的描述有何特点？答案：作者对古代文明的描述强调了它们在农业和建筑方面的成就。

2. 听力部分2.1 听力第一篇2.1.1 问题1：讲座中教授提到了哪种动物的迁徙行为？答案：教授提到了大雁的迁徙行为。

2.1.2 问题2：学生对教授的讲座有什么疑问？答案：学生对大雁迁徙路线的确定方式提出了疑问。

2.2 听力第二篇2.2.1 问题1：对话中两位学生讨论了什么话题？答案：两位学生讨论了即将到来的期末考试。

2.2.2 问题2：学生A对期末考试的态度如何？答案：学生A对期末考试感到紧张和担忧。

3. 口语部分3.1 口语第一题3.1.1 问题：描述你最喜欢的一本书，并解释为什么喜欢它。

答案：我最喜欢的一本书是《小王子》，因为它用简单的故事传达了深刻的人生哲理。

3.2 口语第二题3.2.1 问题：你更喜欢在图书馆学习还是在咖啡店学习？为什么？答案：我更喜欢在图书馆学习，因为那里环境安静，有助于集中注意力。

4. 写作部分4.1 综合写作4.1.1 问题：阅读材料和讲座中关于城市交通问题的观点有哪些不同？答案：阅读材料认为增加公共交通可以缓解交通拥堵，而讲座则认为应该鼓励人们使用自行车和步行。

4.2 独立写作4.2.1 问题：你认为政府应该投资教育还是环境保护？为什么？答案：我认为政府应该投资教育，因为教育是社会发展的基础，能够提高公民的整体素质，从而促进环境保护。

以上是2015年托福考试的部分试题及答案示例。

2015年真题2015年1月10日考题All university students should be required to take basic science courses even if they are not the field of their study.2015年1月11日考题The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills.2015年1月25日考题It is better for colleagues or classmates to communicate in person than through emails in order to do a project.2015年1月31日考题The rules that the whole society today expects young people to follow and obey are too strict.2015年2月1日考题Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the behaviors of young people.2015年3月7日考题（第一次两套试题）Taking children to field trips (for example, to a museum) is a better way of education than learning at school in a classroom.2015年3月7日考题People will spend less time on cooking food in twenty years.2015年3月14日考题People spend too much money on their pets even though there can other good ways to spend money.2015年3月28日考题It is better to finish a project completely and then do another project than do two or more projects at the same time.2015年4月12日考题The Internet is as important as other service, such as building roads, so government should make the Internet access to all the citizens at no cost.2015年4月18日考题Some people always follow their dreams even if the dreams are ambitious. Some think we should focus on achieving realisticgoals. Which do you agree with?2015年5月9日考题All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.2015年5月16日考题When people spend a lot of time watching sports on television or following their favorite team, it has negative effects on their lives.2015年5月24日考题Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends?a. joining a sports teamb. participating in community activitiesc. traveling2015年5月30日考题When you have a friend for a long time, whether you will continue the friendship even he or she does something you do not like.2015年6月13日考题It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than savemoney for the future.2015年6月14日考题Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.2015年6月27日考题It is better to make friends who are intelligent than those with a good sense of humor.2015年7月4日考题Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of animal pets.2015年7月11日考题Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid.2015年7月12日考题These days, children spend more time on doing homework or participating in organized activities related to school or sports. However, they would be given more time to do whatever they want.2015年8月22日考题The most effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity.2015年8月30日考题It is important to have rules about the types of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and school.2015年9月5日考题In order to attract more tourists, which should government do: to improve the safety by hiring more police or to repair old buildings and streets?2015年9月12日考题In order to succeed, it is better to be like to others rather than different from everybody else.2015年9月13日考题Older people need to learn the new things as well as the young people.2015年9月17日考题Grandparents cannot give useful advice to their grandchildren because the world of today and the world of fifty years ago are too different.2015年9月19日考题Nowadays, students do many things like surfing the Internet, listening to music when they are learning. Do you agree or disagree that doing other things impose bad effect on learning?2015年10月10日考题Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break?2015年10月11日考题It is a waste of money for government to fund space travel or space exploration.2015年10月24日考题School should be more focused on improving facilities (libraries, computers, or labs) for students than on hiring famous professors.2015年10月25日考题People in the past were friendlier than people today.2015年10月31日考题Which one is the most important for teacher of high school? a. the ability to help students plan for their future b. the ability to find the students who need help most and help them c. teach students how to learn outside the classroom.2015年11月8日考题The school has been funding for students to participate in different types of activities, but this year, since the lack of money, the school will fund one activity, which one do you think is the one the school should fund: sports, arts and volunteering (help the development of the community)?.2015年11月14日考题When parents cannot afford time to accompany with their children, they could choose to send their children to a child-care center where many children are cared together, or they could send their children to an individual caregiver. Which one is better?2015年11月15日考题The more money people have, the more money they should give away to charity.2015年11月21日考题The most important things people learn are from their families.2015年11月28日考题It is more important for the government to spend more money on art and music museums than on facilities, like playgrounds and public swimming pools.2015年11月29日考题One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he leads.2015年12月5日考题Government should provide free access to the Internet; the individual should access to the Internet without paying anything.2015年12月12日考题Some companies provide important products or service, but also damage environment. Some people believe that government should require more penalty, higher tax and larger fine of these companies, while others believe there are better ways. Which do you prefer?2015年12月13日考题Some people think that older children should be required to take care of the younger children. Others think that this should be done by parents or other adults. Which do you prefer?2015年12月19日考题Do you think that the best leader should spend more time listening to other people's ideas than talking his own ideas?2015年12月20日考题To improve health, change an aspect in life: a. kinds of food to eat b. the amount of exercise c. the amount of stress.。

2015年真题2015年1月10日考题All university students should be required to take basic science courses even if they are not the field of their study.2015年1月11日考题The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills.2015年1月25日考题It is better for colleagues or classmates to communicate in person than through emails in order to do a project.2015年1月31日考题The rules that the whole society today expects young people to follow and obey are too strict.2015年2月1日考题Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the behaviors of young people.2015年3月7日考题（第一次两套试题）Taking children to field trips (for example, to a museum) is a better way of education than learning at school in a classroom.2015年3月7日考题People will spend less time on cooking food in twenty years.2015年3月14日考题People spend too much money on their pets even though there can other good ways to spend money.2015年3月28日考题It is better to finish a project completely and then do another project than do two or more projects at the same time.2015年4月12日考题The Internet is as important as other service, such as building roads, so government should make the Internet access to all the citizens at no cost.2015年4月18日考题Some people always follow their dreams even if the dreams are ambitious. Some think we should focus on achieving realisticgoals. Which do you agree with?2015年5月9日考题All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.2015年5月16日考题When people spend a lot of time watching sports on television or following their favorite team, it has negative effects on their lives.2015年5月24日考题Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends?a. joining a sports teamb. participating in community activitiesc. traveling2015年5月30日考题When you have a friend for a long time, whether you will continue the friendship even he or she does something you do not like.2015年6月13日考题It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than savemoney for the future.2015年6月14日考题Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.2015年6月27日考题It is better to make friends who are intelligent than those with a good sense of humor.2015年7月4日考题Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of animal pets.2015年7月11日考题Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid.2015年7月12日考题These days, children spend more time on doing homework or participating in organized activities related to school or sports. However, they would be given more time to do whatever they want.2015年8月22日考题The most effective way for government to encourage energy conservation is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity.2015年8月30日考题It is important to have rules about the types of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and school.2015年9月5日考题In order to attract more tourists, which should government do: to improve the safety by hiring more police or to repair old buildings and streets?2015年9月12日考题In order to succeed, it is better to be like to others rather than different from everybody else.2015年9月13日考题Older people need to learn the new things as well as the young people.2015年9月17日考题Grandparents cannot give useful advice to their grandchildren because the world of today and the world of fifty years ago are too different.2015年9月19日考题Nowadays, students do many things like surfing the Internet, listening to music when they are learning. Do you agree or disagree that doing other things impose bad effect on learning?2015年10月10日考题Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break?2015年10月11日考题It is a waste of money for government to fund space travel or space exploration.2015年10月24日考题School should be more focused on improving facilities (libraries, computers, or labs) for students than on hiring famous professors.2015年10月25日考题People in the past were friendlier than people today.2015年10月31日考题Which one is the most important for teacher of high school? a. the ability to help students plan for their future b. the ability to find the students who need help most and help them c. teach students how to learn outside the classroom.2015年11月8日考题The school has been funding for students to participate in different types of activities, but this year, since the lack of money, the school will fund one activity, which one do you think is the one the school should fund: sports, arts and volunteering (help the development of the community)?.2015年11月14日考题When parents cannot afford time to accompany with their children, they could choose to send their children to a child-care center where many children are cared together, or they could send their children to an individual caregiver. Which one is better?2015年11月15日考题The more money people have, the more money they should give away to charity.2015年11月21日考题The most important things people learn are from their families.2015年11月28日考题It is more important for the government to spend more money on art and music museums than on facilities, like playgrounds and public swimming pools.2015年11月29日考题One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he leads.2015年12月5日考题Government should provide free access to the Internet; the individual should access to the Internet without paying anything.2015年12月12日考题Some companies provide important products or service, but also damage environment. Some people believe that government should require more penalty, higher tax and larger fine of these companies, while others believe there are better ways. Which do you prefer?2015年12月13日考题Some people think that older children should be required to take care of the younger children. Others think that this should be done by parents or other adults. Which do you prefer?2015年12月19日考题Do you think that the best leader should spend more time listening to other people's ideas than talking his own ideas?2015年12月20日考题To improve health, change an aspect in life: a. kinds of food to eat b. the amount of exercise c. the amount of stress.。

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王婧考试日期2015.01.10Passage 1Title:16世纪手工艺人如何出现衰退的问题大致内容16世纪后期由于r现象，削弱了artisan的繁荣发展（有题），一些技术的发展使得成本上升，手工艺人无法承担（有题），原料的买卖大权掌握在big merchants手中（有题），穷苦的手工艺人只能依靠便宜的local materials（有推论题），很多独立的producers沦为大商人的employees, 同时，他们又担心rural areas的发展，因为那里成本更低，更好招人（有题）。

分析：本文属于历史类文章，关注的是手工艺人和新兴科技的关系，在TPO中有很多类似的文章，例如TPO 16 Trade and the Ancient Middle East, 考生可以参考并了解背景知识。

Passage 2Title:History and Disease大致内容讲了disease的三个历史阶段。

第一个阶段是infection, 在这之前很少有传染病，因为人们居住分散，接触不够（有题），然后农业发展，接触动物和其他人多了，疾病开始大规模传染，包括土壤里的生物、食物等因素（有否定题，答案是rotted那个）。

第二个阶段是慢性病，医疗发展了，基本杜绝了传染病，但现代人的生活让慢性病比如心脏病、肺结核等更普遍（有题）。

第三个阶段是现代社会，传染病重新出现，慢性病也没克服，多种以前没有的疾病出现。

有一题是跟抗药性的细菌有关。

分析：本文属于生物类与历史类文章的综合题材，并涉及少量医学相关内容。

因此生词较多，较难理解，会造成阅读上的障碍。

建议考生课后可了解相关背景知识和词汇。

Passage 3Title:空气中氧气的形成大致内容最初大气中没有氧气。

通过和太阳的比较，现在空气中比以前少了一些元素（有题），有人说是火山爆发导致的（有题），其实氧气产生包括小部分的p物质，即水分解放出氧，和大部分的par sis, 即植物转化，这两个来源（有题）。

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心张姗姗考试日期2015.07.12Passage 1Title: The Roman Empire 罗马帝国大致内容文章一开始讲了罗马帝国分成了东罗马和西罗马，东罗马发展得很好，而西罗马却逐渐衰落。

西罗马衰落的一个原因就是帝王继承制的问题。

因为帝国是传给帝王的孩子的，孩子又都很小，于是就有很多类似摄政王或者辅佐大臣之类的人，这些人肯定就会在政治中为自己着想，对统治非常不利。

另外，因为是传宗接代制，女人要生孩子，所以女人在帝国里是很有影响的（有题：女人影响很大，地位很重要）。

接着就讲了东罗马相比西罗马，发展是非常非常有优势的。

第一个原因是它与德国边界的交界比西罗马短非常多（有地图），非常利于防守和外交（有题）。

第二个原因是东罗马直接受希腊文化影响，非常有文化底蕴，相比之下西罗马就弱多了，经常受来自德国那边的野蛮人的影响，在这里举了个例子，有的人说完全分不出Roman 和barbarian（指德国那边的野蛮人）的区别（有题：为什么举例？说明西罗马的文化劣势）。

接着讲了德国部落对西罗马帝国的军事和政治方面的影响。

西罗马招募了很多德国那边的部落作为自己的军队。

接着解释了几个原因，第一个是化敌为友，这样减少了很多敌人（有题：为什么要招募德国那边的人？化敌为友），第二是因为military need, 这样能保持军队的恰当规模。

第三是这些部落因为是帝王招募的，对帝王个人非常忠诚，不会叛乱（有题：为什么帝王要招募德国人？对他自己很忠诚）。

接着讲了在西罗马帝国里来自德国那边的军官增多为什么不好。

罗马高层军官当然对野蛮人很不满，从而引起军队内部的内讧。

内讧的时候就会开始分帮结派，于是就开始随便授予军官头衔，非常混乱。

内讧的直接结果就是外敌趁乱入侵，又没有有效的防御，就只能招募更多的野蛮部落，于是又送出更多头衔（有题）。

Passage 2Title: Honey Bee 蜜蜂大致内容第一段讲了蜜蜂是母系社会，在蜜蜂里，雄峰是非常少的，因为它们除了和蜂后交配，没有其他的function。

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露考试日期2015.04.12Passage 1Title:日本建筑风格和技术的变化大致内容第一段说ruler不仅和自己的家族有关系，还和自己的spouse的家族有关。

第二段说以前的建筑容易rot, 因为政治的需要和以前建筑材料的问题，日本统治者较为频繁地更换住所，可以继续用一些有用的材料，剩下的burn。

第三段说费时费力，很难把人力和物力集中起来，但由于权力扩大和欣赏其他国家如中国的建筑，需要建造居住时间更为久远的建筑，所以最后建筑师形成了compromise, 既有旧时风格的建筑，又有像summer palace之类的建筑出现。

点评：此篇属于低频话题Architecture建筑学话题，考生较少见到，但文章内容本身不难。

Passage 2Title: Formation of Solar System 太阳系的形成大致内容1. 成分：大部分为helium和XXX, 小部分为常见的固态和气态分子；2. 形成过程：某爆发形成碰撞，导致了引力和rotation。

关于rotation, 用ice-skater打比方；3. 类地行星：成分主要为固态；4. 远日行星：重力能产生热能，导致温度上升。

随着太阳形成，形成过程停止，温度下降，冰得以存在，所以密度小。

而体积大导致引力强，可吸引更轻的气态分子。

点评：重复2014.5.11和2013.4.20考题，此篇为天文学话题，属于经典考点，建议考生复习以下相关重要考点：太阳系Solar System的形成和年龄的测算；Earth的年龄测算和分层；火星Mars 的水和大气层；Venus的大气层等。

Passage 3Title: The Diversity of Species 物种多样性大致内容有关太平洋群岛上的物种（给了一幅图）。

影响群岛上物种的因素有land size、经度（越往东isolated species越少）、纬度（纬度高的不易有tropical plants）、wind（wind独立一段进行讨论）。

新托福阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心李珂考试日期2015.03.28Passage 1Title:坝(bar)、冲积扇(alluvial fan)、三角洲(delta)的形成大致内容第一段讲上游(upstream)和下游(downstream)沉积物(sediment)的比较，点沙坝(point bar)是河流内外侧流速(velocity)不一样。

第二段讲坝的形成需要的时间问题。

第三、第四段讲干旱(arid)半干旱(semiarid)山区和冰川(glacier)地区容易形成冲积扇，在湖泊和海边流速慢的地方会形成三角洲。

Passage 2Title:N地区社会文化的变迁大致内容第一段：把石头作为刀片(blade)，磨光的(grind)石头被运输到比较远的地区，对于这个地区的人类的牙齿的研究显示他们主要还是以cereal（谷物）为主食，但是也仍然吃肉。

第二段：因为是以吃谷物为主，所以人们需要食盐，也谈及了食盐的贸易和保存问题(preservation)。

第三段谈到他们的墓葬graves及墓葬地址，墓葬体现了他们的ethic。

第四段：为什么他们与前人的栖息地不同的原因不得而知，推断有可能是气候和人口增长引起的。

Passage 3Title:非洲农牧业的迁徙大致内容第一段：非洲人民在森林的边缘(fringes)种植作物，他们驯化(domestic)了薯(yam), 后来又种了谷物（cereal）。

第二段：撒哈拉在5000BC变干旱了，他们就迁往东边高原(plateau)，早期的定居者(previous inhabitant)住在山区附近的平原，并且随季节移动(shifting) seasonally。

第三段：在旱季的时候，他们需要放牧(herd)，雨季就自给自足。

而放牧业养牛要克服很多条件，其一是水的问题。

第四段：大耕火种的原始农业方式就是发展农业的话要先开垦一片土地，然后土地没有肥力了就抛弃再去下一个地方，因为土壤很贫瘠，这是解决问题最廉价的方式。

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经典试题及答案2015年托福考试阅读试题及答案。

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以下为2015年3月7日托福真题回忆部分内容：Some people believe that taking field trips (e.g. going to the museum) is an important part of children’s education. Others believe that it is better for children to study at school. Which view do you agree with?第一个方面：对于那些艺术、人文的学校，多做一些field trip是非常好的，反正这些人都很闲，每天没事儿干，多蛋疼啊，出去多走走多看看没准还能多找点灵感!For schools with an emphasis in arts and humanities, funding field trips, goes a along way towards helping their students broaden their horizons since most of the students majored in these subjects are looking for an experience beyond academic studies, one that allows them to have fun and network.第二个方面：然而一旦我们考虑到那些工科性的大学，情况就要苦逼一点，工科生跟文科生不一样，是要真正拿出实际的东西才能毕业的，因此大部分时间都花在实验室里，所以把钱拿来搞field trip还不如投资在硬件和教授身上;社交活动有没有的根本没有那么重要!Nevertheless, for engineering schools, funding field trips in the hope of providing the students with better education could be an exercise in futility, because their student body is mostly composed of reserved, socially-awkward individuals, for whom academic studies take precedence over field trips; these schools are better off funding research projects and updating outdated science labs.小马机经app是小马过河老师为考生们备考雅思研发的一款免费app软件，内含5000单词+100句子+200文章，更有最新最全考前机经预测。