新托福阅读之文本插入题解析
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托福培训丨托福阅读句子插入题解题要点朗阁托福培训中心孙亚楠句子插入题是托福阅读中的一道必考题型,题量不多,每篇文章中出现一道。
句子插入题是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应该加入1-2个段落中的四个黑方块的哪个部分,用鼠标点击所选的黑色方块即可。
做这类题目的关键首先是理解待插入的句子,寻找其中的衔接词,分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用,然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。
下面朗阁托福培训中心的专家将就句子插入题的解题步骤做出详细的说明。
解题步骤与解题要点阅读并分析待插入的句子,找出其中的线索词;从第一个小黑方块前一句开始读,逐一代入进行验证;插入句必须满足前后两条线索,先前再后。
(先用前线索再看后线索)从此步骤中可以看出掌握线索词是解答此题的关键,那么线索词都有哪些?主要有两大类,指代线索和逻辑线索。
1. 指代线索(1). 指代词(they, it, them)必然有所指代;指代词(this, these, their, other, another, such)后面若有名词短语,则向前寻找此名词短语或其同义改写。
例题1:Paragraph 4: Regularly flowing rivers and streams that originate within arid lands are known as "endogenous." These are generally fed by groundwater springs, and many issue from limestone massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Basaltic rocks also support springs, notably at the Jabal Al-Arab on the Jordan-Syria border. ■Endogenous rivers often do not reach the sea but drain into inland basins, where the water evaporates or is lost in the ground.■Most desert streambeds are normally dry, but they occasionally receive large flows of water and sediment.■Paragraph 5: Deserts contain large amounts of groundwater when compared to the amounts they hold in surface stores such as lakes and rivers. ■But only a small fraction of groundwater enters the hydrological cycle—feeding the flows of streams, maintaining lake levels, and being recharged (or refilled) through surface flows and rainwater. (TPO 16 Water in the Desert)12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.These sudden floods provide important water supplies but can also be highly destructive.Where would the sentence best fit?解析:1. 分析黑体句,找到其中的线索词即为these sudden floods, 则要插入的方块前面必定要出现名词短语sudden floods或是其同义改写。
托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧在托福阅读考试中,有一种叫做插入题的托福阅读题型,插入句子题是托福阅读中的新题性,这类题目是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落中四个方块的哪个部分,用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可。
本文将为大家深入分析托福阅读中的插入题型如何处理。
句插题考察句间关系,所以通常情况下句插题的被插入句子都包含指示代词:it, this, that, those, these,such,another等,以及表示因果,转折等关系的过渡词语:如,therefore,so,however,as a result,consequently,on the contrary,however 等;递进扩展词:如,furthermore,also,as well,too,in addition,moreover,besides,even,additionally 等;结构配对词:如,on the one hand…,on the other hand,some…others等,所以搞清楚这些词汇所涉及的信息是解答正确的关键。
我们来具体看一个例子:Paragraph 2: The systematic study of this art is a relatively new discipline in Australia. Over the past four decades new discoveries have steadily added to the body of knowledge. The most significant data have come from a concentration on three major questions. First, what is the age of Australian rock art? Second, what is its stylistic organization and is it possible to discern a sequence or a pattern of development between styles? Third, is it possible to interpret accurately the subject matter of ancient rock art, bring to bear all available archaeological techniques and the knowledge of present-day Aboriginal informants? ■Paragraph 3: The age of Australia’s rock art is constantly being revised, and earlier datings have been proposed as the result of new discoveri es. ■Currently, reliable scientific evidence dates the earliest creation of art on rock surfaces in Australia to somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago. ■This in itself is an almost incomprehensible span of generations, and one that makes Australia’s rock art the oldest continuous art tradition in the world. ■Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageWhile a great deal of information exists, the answers to these questions are not yet definitive. (TPO 23-3)被插入句子里面出现while做让步和代词these questions,代词显然充当了这道题最重要的解题关键,因为被插入句子前面一定要出现questions才能让被插句本身能够说的通,所以观察一下四个备选位置,questions都出现在第一段,所以该句最合适的位置就是第一个黑色方块。
句子插入题每篇文章都会出现一道,并且一定位于最后一题内容小结题之前的倒数第二题。
试想一下,这是为什么呢?因为ETS是一个很人性化的机构,如果这类题出现在前几道题的位置,而你又选错了,那么会对你对文章的理解造成困扰,影响你做其他的问题。
所以,要把它放在后面。
而没有它,是不影响你做题不影响你读文章的。
既然这句插入的话对文章本身是没有影响的,那么插入的句子插在某段段首的几率大么?答案明显是否定的。
原因呢?因为外国人的思维模式比较直截了当,不会像中国人那样藏着掖着,抛砖引玉或是画龙点睛。
所以往往在某段第一句的句子在该段都起着至关重要的角色:主题句,它会总结上文,而更多的情况是引领下文。
我们排除了一个答案:就是段首的位置,但是还有三个干扰选项啊!!!句子插入题到底在考察什么呢?答案是:上下文的衔接。
插入的句子一定要和上下文衔接得当。
下面360教育集团就带广大的托儿们了解句子插入题解题方法。
步骤一:先阅读要插入的句子。
步骤二:关注插入的句子主语部分,要在该插入句子之前得以重复。
以TPO4 Deer Population of the Puget Sound的句子插入题为例。
Paragraph 2-3: Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer‘s diet, where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.There food is available and accessible throughout the winter.Where would the sentence best fit?插入的句子主语部分出现两个单词there 和food, there是地点状语,说明插入的位置之前出现了地点和食物。
托福阅读句子插入题解析作为托福阅读十大题型之一,句子插入题一般每篇文章会出现一个。
句子插入题题目形式固定,一般表现为如下形式:Look at the four squares ■ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.Where does the sentence best fit?■The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion. ■可以看到,在句子插入题中,会给出一段文字,文字里有四个小黑框,然后会给出一个加粗的句子,问这个加粗的句子放入到四个小黑框的哪一个是最合适的。
不少同学由于以前没有接触过类似的题型,觉得句子插入题很棘手。
其实只要我们掌握正确的解题思路,句子插入题是可以又快又准确地完成的。
托福阅读插入题特征及解题策略
托福阅读插入题
(一)考察能力:关联句子能力,语法及逻辑关系(句间)
(二)特征:黑方块:█
(三)插入句子特点:一定不是TS,但有可能是段内分论点Dn
(四)常见线索词及解题原理:
1. 指代:指代词(it,they,this,these,other,another,such,the)向前指代。
注意:1. 注意之代词后紧跟的名词;
2. this+v+XXX xxx前面必有对应!
3. 代词后紧跟内容,只要前句一出现,就放在该句之后!
2.逻辑
并列:other,another
转折
(1) 时空转折: old early ancientàlate now modern current today; former latter; older/earlier later
(2) 一般转折:however, but, whereas
(3) 让步转折:although, even if/though, despite, while
※运用并列或转折逻辑线索时
必须注意:等引导词连接内容的对应方面叙述完毕,才可插入
因果:thus,therefore,hence,so;原文只要构成因,果就可插入
3.总分关系:总在前,分在后
扫描二维码限时获取免费视频课程。
来源于:时代焦点。
托福阅读句子插入题技巧一、了解句子插入题。
托福阅读里的句子插入题啊,就像是给一篇文章补个小补丁。
你得找到最适合这个补丁的地方,让文章读起来顺顺当当的。
这种题主要就是考你对文章结构和逻辑关系的理解啦。
二、先看插入句。
拿到题,咱先瞅一眼要插入的那个句子。
这个句子就像个小钥匙,它里面往往有一些线索能帮咱们找到它该去的地方。
比如说,这个句子里可能会有指代的词,像“this”“that”“these”“those”之类的。
要是有“this theory”,那你就得在文章里找提到的相关理论呀。
还有的时候,插入句里会有一些逻辑连接词,像“however”“therefore”“moreover”之类的。
要是有“however”,那这个句子肯定是要放在和前面内容有转折关系的地方啦。
三、找文章中的线索。
1. 代词指代。
文章里也会有很多代词,这时候你就得把插入句里的代词和文章里的内容对应起来。
比如说,插入句里说“These animals”,那你就在文章里找提到的动物种类呗。
如果文章前面说了好几种动物,那你就得看哪个地方说的动物最符合“These animals”的指代内容,这个插入句就很可能放在那后面。
2. 逻辑关系。
文章里到处都是逻辑关系。
如果插入句是个表示因果关系的句子,像“Therefore, the population decreased.”那你就得在文章里找导致人口下降的原因,然后把这个句子放在原因的后面。
要是文章里前面说“Due to the lack of food and thespread of disease”,那这个插入句就可以放在这儿啦,这样整个逻辑就通了。
3. 话题相关性。
有时候呢,插入句讲的是一个特定的话题。
那你就在文章里找这个话题开始或者被提及的地方。
比如说插入句是关于“Ancient Greek architecture”的,那你就在文章里找啥时候开始讲古希腊建筑的,这个句子可能就放在那附近。
托福阅读插入题的做题技巧当你做〔托福〕阅读时,你在有限的时间里透彻地理解文章是很难的,建议考生速读一遍文章,今天我主要给大家分享托福阅读插入题的做题技巧,希望对你们有帮助!很多人都知道,托福阅读文章的倒数第二题(第13题)也就是插入题。
其实这类题目有一定的难度,但只要大家阅读能力过硬,掌握一些做题目的技巧,这类题目的准确率还是可以确保的。
理解文章段落托福阅读插入题通常会给出一个句子,让你选择它在课文中的位置。
因此,做好这类题目的前提是理解文章,如果你在理解这篇文章上还有困难,我建议你先回去背单词。
托福阅读比其他三个部分有更多的生词。
在这种状态下,即使你已经掌握了解决问题的技巧,也是没有用的,因为没有基础的技巧是没有用的。
句子代入文章当你做托福阅读时,你可以在有限的时间内非常透彻地理解文章。
建议你先读这一段,然后把句子放到文章的空格里,然后看看文章的意思是否连贯,文章的结构是否通畅。
如果你插入一句话,发现文章的原意被打断了,或者很突兀,那肯定不好。
插入句子后,阅读段落要更加完整连贯,衔接要更加恰当合理。
因此,代入法是做这类题最基本的方法,可以确保正确的答题率。
掌握做题技能在上一节中,你通常会使用代入法方法来解决这个问题,但是也有一些技巧可以帮助你更快地找到插入句子的最正确位置。
如果插入题有一个空格在段落的结尾,要优先合计代入,因为在断尾插入一句话对整段文章不会产生很大影响。
相反,如果空格出现在段落的开头,这个空格应该储存到最后替换,因为段落的开始通常是整个段落的中心,如果缺少一个句子,文章本身会出现奇怪,这里缺少一个句子的可能性是最低的。
这两种类型是我们在做题的时候一定要注意的,还有一些其他的不太有用的技巧,如空格后的代词,不放在首位,空格后的过渡或进行时,不放在首位的选择……在这类问题中有很多技巧,但是这些技巧的有用性还有待证实。
你也可以在平常做题的时候总结一下规则,依据规则多尝试,多刷题,以后碰到这类问题可以做的又快又对。
【实例分析】5个简易步骤快速解答托福阅读插入题在托福备考的过程中,很多学生自认为阅读能力不错,但是实际考出来的分数只有22分左右。
这其中最为主要的原因,还是没有找到精准的难点定位,而在这其中相信一些对应题型的实例分析就会为大家带来不少的帮助。
下面,我们就为大家带来插入话题型题目的实例分析。
衔接词语主要包括代词(指示代词,例如this, these their, it, such, another,这些通常是上文提到过的,所以可以采用就近原则来做。
);掌握衔接词是解答插入句子题的关键,掌握衔接词对解答这类问题非常重要,因为它是理解上下文和这个句子的逻辑关系的核心。
关键同义词,重复出现的形容词,副词和名词;表示因果,转折等关系的过渡词语:如,therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary, however等;递进扩展词:如,furthermore, also, as well, too, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally等;结构配对词:如,on the one hand…. on the otherhand,some…others,同时还要注意一些表示顺序的词,如first ,second ,third等。
我们来具体来一个例子:1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow amongSouthern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took theform of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous,sometimes sad; all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4.Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can beadded to the …paragraph of t he passage。
托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧汇总讲解(实用版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文,如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧汇总讲解托福阅读中难度方面颇有争议的题型是句子插入题,会做插入题的同学觉得这个题型看似复杂其实就是送分题,今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读句子插入题常见错误思路和解题技巧,希望可以帮助到大家,下面本店铺就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
新托福阅读之文本插入题解析朗阁海外考试研究中心南昌朗阁英语培训中心文本插入题(Insert Text Questions)是新托福每次必考题型,每次题量不是很多,通常每篇文章0-1个左右。
问题形式:在这类问题中,题目中给出一个新的句子,然后要求考生们利用文章的逻辑和句子之间的语法联系(比如代词的指代)来确定此句子在文章中最合适的位置。
注意:在文章中会出现四个黑色的方块,这些方块分布在句首或句末。
四个方块有时都出现在一个段落中,有时分布在一段的末尾和下一段的开头。
Look at the four squares (■) that indicate where the following sentences could be added to the passage.(考生会看到一个黑体的句子)Where would the sentence best fit?考生要做的是点击其中的一个方块,将这个句子插入文章。
解题步骤:1. 读被插入的句子,找出句首或句尾的关键词或关键意思2. 阅读可以插入方块前后的信息,寻找与插入句相关的意思3. 选择与插入句最相关的方块注意:如果出现以下情况,答案都可能是错误的:★打乱了相邻句子之间的逻辑性★影响了转折语的正确使用★打乱了代词与其指代对象之间的逻辑关系★隔开了本是相邻的两句话解题技巧:1. 利用一些过渡词(如某些逻辑关系词或短语等)帮助确定插入句子的位置,或者帮助确定排除不适合的位置。
Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place.█But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces.█It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry.█ The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.█Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.技巧分析:首先读被插入的句子,它能给出的线索就是,该句子后面的信息应该是讲述“决定流干的水和不能流干的水的含量的因素”。
读文中四个方块前后的信息,第一个方块前面的句子和后面的句子用关系逻辑词“but”连接,形成转折关系,不可插入其他内容;第二个方块后面的句子中出现“it”, 指代方块前面句子中的“some”, 插入其他内容会导致指代混乱,因此不可插入句子;第三个方块前后的信息用逻辑关系词“therefore”衔接,形成因果关系,也不可以插入其他内容,因此我们可以把被插入句子放在第四个方块那儿。
如果考生们不确定,可以进一步读下一段中第一句的内容,其信息恰恰是讲述“这两种水的相对含量因岩石或沉积物种类不同而改变”。
也就是说被插入句子在段落中起到了承上启下的作用。
2. 代词和其他的指代词也是重要的线索One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings—for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa—are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. █Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.█This means that artists were forced to work in cramped spaces and without sources of natural light. █It also implies that whoever made them did not want them to be easily found. █Since cave dwellers normally lived close to entrances, there must have been some reason why so many generations of Lascaux cave dwellers hid their art.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This made it easy for the artists to paint and display them for the rest of the cave dwellers.Where would the sentence best fit?技巧分析:首先读被插入的句子,其中的一个信息点就是指示代词“this”,指代前面所提及的内容,而此内容使得艺术家们易于绘画并且把作品展示给其他洞穴居住者。
然后读文中四个方块前后的信息,考生们会发现第一个方块前面的信息“located near cave entrances or completely in the open”恰恰符合“this”所指代的内容,因此被插入句子应该被放在第一个方块处。
而如果考生们不确定,可以继续读其他方块前后的信息,第二个方块后的句子中的指示代词“this”一词恰恰指代第二个方块前面的内容,因此可以排除掉;而第三个方块后面的“it”和“this”指代的内容一样,用“also”一词提示,因此第三个方块也被排除;而第四个方块前后的信息在逻辑上也是紧密衔接的,且方块前的内容并不是被插入句子中“this”所指代的内容,因此也被排除。
3. 某些形容词或者特殊限定词Pacific islanders ere variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. ■ Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. ■For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J.Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. ■They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). ■ In 1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians).Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Later theories concentrate on journeys in the other direction.Where could the sentence best fit?技巧分析:首先读被插入的句子,信号词为“Later”和“the other”。
读文中第一个方块前后的信息,考生们会发现该方块后的句子中有“older theories”, 因此第一个方块不符合条件;读第二个方块后面的内容,该内容恰恰是举例说明方块前面句子内容的,因此也被排除;读第三个方块后面的信息,考生们会发现该信息中的“they”即指方块前面信息中的“British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry”, 中间不可加入其他信息,因此第三个方块也被排除;而第四个方块后面的信息恰恰体现了被插入句子中的“the other direction”,因此答案为第四个方块。