计算机英语翻译技巧

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1.以下材料由严尧琦、尼马尔、曹折波同学根据方昱春老师授课用课件整理;
2.本材料仅供参考,如有错误缺漏,敬请指出。

Scientific English
Scientific English vs. General English
♦语音:等同,读音规则和发音方法无变化;
♦词汇:基本词汇是普通英语中固有的,高含大量的专业技术词汇和术语;♦语法:遵循普通英语的法则,无独立的词法和句法系统,大量使用了被动语态、非谓语动词、名词化结构和从句
Scientific English: Vocabularies
♦构词和用词
⏹纯科技词汇
⏹通用科技词汇
⏹半科技词汇
⏹抽象名词
⏹缩写词
♦词义
⏹词义和用法由科技概念的连贯性、条理性和逻辑性决定
⏹多数词汇意义和用法单一、稳定;
⏹半科技词汇和功能词汇具有灵活性
Scientific English: Sentences
♦大量使用被动结构:
⏹有助于将事物、过程和结果置于中心地位;
⏹表述相对客观的内容;
⏹紧凑、简短,表达准确、严谨和精炼。

♦广泛使用非谓语动词
♦短语动词多
♦后置定语多
♦长句、结构复杂
♦名词化结构多
Scientific English: Rhetoric
♦陈述句多、时态运用有限
♦虚拟语气多
⏹假定、猜测、建议或怀疑;
⏹表示谦逊、委婉。

♦祈使句多
♦省略、倒装和割裂现象多
♦文笔朴素
Scientific English translation skills
Translation Steps
♦通读原文,了解大意;
♦辨明语法关系,搞清逻辑关系;
♦根据主题确定词义;
♦选择翻译技巧;
♦通读译文,修改定稿
Evaluation Criteria
♦忠实原文
♦条理通顺
Understanding Vocabularies
♦词义的选择
词类
With BCD, it’s possible to convert each decimal number into its binary
equivalent (等价物)
专业内容
Most modern computers use a bus, or buses (总线), for interconnecting the major components of the system.
搭配习惯
register file (寄存器组)
语境
There are several architectural registers that are addressed (寻址) by
special move instructions.
♦词义的引申
具体化
The transistor will do most of the things (作用) a triode tube will do.
抽象化
The term that is used to measure the computer’s speed is borrowed (借鉴) from the domain of electrical engineering.
Passive Voice Translation
♦译为汉语主动句
⏹主语不变,通过加词(加以、经过)表达被动含义;
These characteristics are listed in Table 2-1 and described here.
这些特性列在表2-1中,并且加以解释:
⏹泛指词(人们、大家)作主语,原主语译为宾语;
It is believed that…
It is considered that…
⏹原文介词短语作主语,原主语译为宾语;。