The Direct Method

6. Teaching Techniques

Reading: Translation Memorization Reading comprehension question
7. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:


It makes use of the first language It helps comprehension and production of written language It is easy for teachers to use

Charles Frambach Berlitz (November 20, 1914 – December 18, 2003) was an American linguist and language teacher. Berlitz was born in New York City. He was the grandson of Maximilien (Maximilian) Berlitz, who founded the Berlitz Language Schools. As a child, Charles was raised in a household in which (by his father's orders) every relative and servant spoke to Charles in a different language: he reached adolescence speaking eight languages fluently. In adulthood, he recalled having had the childhood delusion that every human being spoke a different language, and wondering why he did not have his own language like everyone else in his household. His father spoke to him in German, his grandfather in Russian, his nanny in Spanish.

Instead grammar should be acquired inductively by inducing the rules of how the language behaves from the actual language itself. "Never tell the children anything they can find out for themselves." (Jespesen 1904)
Questions for consideration
1. Compare the GTM and DM. 2. There are some problems with the
DM, can you find out some remedies? 3. Is the 1st language learning process
Howatt (1984) called Gouin and those like him “individual reformers ”They were inspired individual working alone. (Johnson and Johnson, 2001: 169)
Sweet’s 1899 book, The Practical Study of Languages was highly influential in the development or 20th century language teaching methods and was reprinted in 1964.
The principal figures, all phoneticians, were, besides Welhelm Vietor (German), Paul Passy, Otto Jespersen (Danish) and Henry Sweet(British). Reform, of phonetic and other natural methods emerged, often considered the variants of the DIRECT METHOD. (Johnson and Johnson, 2001: 272)

The direct and indirect method of the cash flow statement (一)經營活动现金流量经营活动现金流量排报方法有两种,一种称直接法,用一种茶间接法。

1 .直接法經營活动现金流量直接法,是指通过现金流入和支出的主要类别来自直接反映企业经营活动的现金流量的报告方法。

采用直接法报告现金流量,可以揭示企业经营活动现金流量来源和用途,有助于预测距爱企业的现金流量。

經營活动现金流入的主要项目包括:(1)销售商品、提供勞務的现金(2)日本税费返还(3)国内的其他經營活动有關的现金经营活动流出的现金主要项目包括:(1)购买商品、不惊人死勞務支付的现金(2)支付工资以及为职工支付的现金级(3)支付的稅費各項(4)支付的其他与经营活动有关的现金經營活动现金流量凈額經營活动现金流入国内的經營活动现金流出的差额。

2 .间接法經營活动现金流量间接法是在企业取得当期净利润的基础上,通过有目的关项调整,确定从而经营活动的现金流量。

采用间接法现金流量报告,可以揭示净收录益与净现金流量差别,有利于分析收益性质量和企业营运状况资金管理。

将成“净利润”调整为“现金净额经营活动”,以下4类需求进行调整计算:(1)扣除非經營活动的损益(籌資和投资活动的损益):處置固定资產,无形资產,其他长期资產的损失;固定资产报废损失;财务费用;投资损失(减(益)。

凈利润扣除“非經營活动损益”后,有“經營活动凈損益”。

(2)加不支付經營资產的费用:共提高值的减少准备;共提高固定资产折旧;无形资产摊销;长期待摊费用摊销;待摊费用减少;保险费用提高题。

6种天然费用已在计算利润时扣除,但没有驻书期支付现金,将其加次去,得到“经营应得现金”活动。

(3)加现金流动资產非借贷减少:存档减少(减少题);經營性應收项目减少,包括應收票據减少(减少题),應收賬款减少(减少题)、保险付賬款减少(减少题),其他應收款减少(减少题)。

Reference
First Presented By Michel In His Thesis:
power system ent stability using individual machine energy function, IEEE Trans. On circuits and systems, Vol.3, No.5, May 1983,pp266~276
1
2
Equation 1 divided by equation 2,and integrating gives:
Definition Of The Transient Energy Function
Stability Region And Phase Plane Diagram
In the above figure, each lotus 〔1~5〕is an equal energy curve. The total energy increases from insider to outsider, until the corresponding maximum sealed curve to unstable equilibrium point and reaches critical energy. This curve is called polar circle, the inside is stable region. Thus, we get critical energy
Two Problems:
Significant portions of the system transient energy do not contribute to system separation; hence it should be corrected for in transient stability assessment.