英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习题

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习题

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习题

英语四级考试马上就要进入倒计时了，大家准备的怎么样了?以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习题，供大家备考。

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage

with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains

information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the

paragraph from which the information is derived. You may

choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked

with a letter.

长篇阅读

Definitions of Obesity

A) How does one define when a person is considered to be

obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables

give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply

overweight or has passed into the obese stage.

B) The World Health Organization recommends using a

formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The

"Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's

weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and

is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered

to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered

to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be

obese.

C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as

it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and

ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic

groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular

people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have

artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol

Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International

Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults

simply in terms of waist circumference.

Health Effects of Obesity

D) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates

wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die

earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains

very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical,

social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of

developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes")

and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus

weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats,

and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity

and coronary heart disease is also well-known.

Cancer

E) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a

link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and

estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as

a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893

women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being

with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being

overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the

reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for

men.

F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is

thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and

progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more

a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are

the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why

women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast

cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food

and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This

lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition

to breast cancer.

G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was

the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the

Western world!

Aging

H) Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK

in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the

extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological

age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years

added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being

obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s

biological age, and although the study only involved women, the

lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would

also apply to men.

I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length

of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which

help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres

have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an

organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be

used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain

point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to

prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is