高一测试卷
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高一下学期期末学业水平质量测试卷语文本试卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应的位置。
2.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
3.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔写在答题卡上。
4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
①今天,人们对氧气的存在已经习以为常。
如果把时钟拨回到几十亿年前,回到生命刚刚在地球上立足的时代,我们会发现那时的地球上根本没有氧气,地球大气的主要成分是甲烷、二氧化碳、水蒸气等。
虽然地球上没有氧气,但宇宙中存在着大量的氧元素。
在衰老恒星的演化过程中,恒星核心通过核聚变合成了氧,所以宇宙中氧的含量还是比较丰富的,仅次于氢和氦。
不过,因为氧特别容易和其他元素发生化学反应,所以绝大部分的氧是以某种化合物的形式存在。
这类化合物被称为氧化物,其中最常见的就是水。
②与仅存于海底火山口的化学能相比,太阳能是地球上更为普遍的能源来源。
现在,地球上的大部分生物依赖太阳能生存和繁衍。
例如,植物可以利用太阳能将二氧化碳转变成有机物,这一过程就是光合作用。
要想将二氧化碳转变为有机物,就要设法还原二氧化碳,给二氧化碳提供电子。
细胞中进行光合作用的叶绿体可被视作一个“泵站”,它利用太阳提供的能量(类似于抽水泵利用电作为能量),从某个电子供体中抽取电子提供给二氧化碳。
③在距今约30亿年前,蓝细菌(也称蓝藻)“发明”了利用水作为电子供体支持光合作用的“技术”。
也就是说,蓝细菌利用太阳能将水的氧原子的电子夺走,再将之传递给二氧化碳。
这一过程必然伴随着水被不断地裂解并释放出氧气。
所以,随着蓝细菌的繁殖,氧气会被源源不断地释放出来。
人教版高一英语第一册 Unit 1 单元测试卷(含答案)(考试时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ATeenage life around the worldAshaI'm from Tanzania. Like most teenagers, I start my day early and end it late. After school, I study at a night school to prepare for the university entrance exam. When I have time off, I prefer to be outdoors. I love nature and animals. I'm quite upset about how we treat the environment, so I do my best to help. I volunteer to plant trees and I'm a member of our school's Nature Club.SamikaI'm 15. I wish I were a student, but I'm not. I had to leave school when I was 13 so that I could get a job and help my family. I work in a garment. It's unbelievably hard work and the days are so long. Although everyone works hard, we still find time to play and laugh together. At times like these, the world feels like a wonderful place.FriederI'm 16 and I go to a high school in Munich. I'm not crazy about school — listening to a teacher isn't my thing — but I know I have to get an education. It's very difficult for young people to find a job in Europe, so I worry a lot about the future. Oh, and I'm a gaming nerd. I love Internet games so much that I have started a gaming club at my school.JoeI'm a student from London. The online world is a big part of my life. I've been using the computer since I was a kid. I do various things online. Besides doing all my schoolwork, I chat with friends, play computer games, watch films, read the daily news and shop online. My parents are worried. They keep telling me to drag myself away from the online world.1.What does Asha care about most?A. School life.B. Exams.C. Environment.D. Outdoor activities.2.Which of the following can best describe Samika?A. Her life is hard but she is happy.B. She is poor but can afford school.C. She is out of job and stressful.D. She is out of school and annoyed.3.What do Frieder and Joe have in common?A. They worry about their future.B. They are addicted to the Internet.C. They prefer to make friends online.D. They attend the computer club at school.BEveryone has "down days". Maybe it's because of the bad weather, or the poor grade on a difficult test, and some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms(症状) often pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet friends, preventing themselves from thinking what troubles them at the moment. But if a teenager displays symptoms of sadness for more than two weeks, it might point to something serious.As teenagers develop, they push new boundaries(边界), complain about rules and look for more free rights from their parents. According to the online Health Guide on Adolescent Development, parents must be lasting figures in their teenagers' life, providing safe boundaries for teens to grow, even if the teenagers act like these boundaries are unwanted.Parents need to provide rules, while also remaining flexible(灵活的) and respectful of the growing teens' need for freedom. For example, teenagers will often feel frustrated, embarrassed, and even angry that though they want freedom, they still need to ask their parents for agreement to go to a friend's house, or need their mothers to take them to school.The US Department of Education says that parents should respect(尊重) and support their teens' choices as long as those choices won't have long-term harmful effects. For example, even if a parent doesn't prefer the music his or her teen listens to, it's unlikely that the choice of music will prevent that teen from entering a good college, or lead to health problems. However, if that teen is drinking alcohol and driving, parents must get through strict punishments to teach him/her that there are bad results of poorchoices that come with increased freedom.4.Why do teens' feelings of bad days usually disappear quickly?A.Their teachers help them.B.They take some medicine.C.Their parents talk with them.D.They shift their attention.5.What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?A.Freedom must be given at any time.B.Teens are mad about being controlled.C.Teens need both freedom and proper rules.D.Rules must be absolutely strict for teens.6.What should parents do about their teens' choices?A.Support their helpful hobbies.B.Tell them which college to attend.C.Cancel their extra-curricular activities.D.Get them away from singing pop songs.7.What is the best title for the text?A.How to Be with Growing TeensB.Causes of Teens' SadnessC.Teens' Worries About Strict RulesD.The Importance of Making Friends with TeensCThe Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and pleasure. We use it to learn a new language. We find advice on it. We use it to connect with family and friends. We use it to stay in touch with events we care about. The list goes on and on.As far as the Internet being a part of our lives, well, that train has left the station. There is no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. A new study finds that heavy Internet use may be connected to high blood pressure in a young group: teenagers.The study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week only online may cause high blood pressure, which makes their hearts and blood vessels (血管) work too hard. Over time, this extra pressure increases the risk of a heart attack. High blood pressure can also cause heart and other diseases.The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old, took part in it. 134 of the teens were described as H heavy Internet users". And researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high bloodpressure. The researchers said the study was the first to connect heavy Web use with high blood pressure.The lead researcher is Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow. She says, "Using the Internet is part of our daily life, but il shouldn't ruin (毁坏)us. "Ms. Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to stop to have a rest regularly (有规律地)from their computers or smartphones and do some kind of physical activity. She also suggests that parents shouldn’t let their children use the Internet for more than two hours a day, five days a week.8. What does the underlined part ,"that train has left the station" mean in Paragraph 2?A. The train has changed its course.B. The Internet has improved peopled life.C. Life without the Internet is nowhere to be found.D. The Internet brings great changes to people's life.9. What can we know about the study according to Paragraph 4?A. Over half of the teens in the study were heavy Internet users.B. Most of the young people had high blood pressure.C. Adult people aged above 17 took part in the study.D. There was no similar study like it before.10. Which of the following would Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow probably agree with?A. That teenagers shouldn't use the Internet.B. That the Internet will ruin human life in the future.C. That smartphones are more harmful than computers.D. That regular breaks are necessary when using the Internet.11. What does the text mainly talk about?A. Heavy Internet users are mostly teenagers.B. How to prevent teenagers from using the Internet.C. Too much Internet use may be bad for teenagers.D. Every coin has two sides — so does the Internet.DA teenager needs to have a sense of independence in their life to feel secure(安全的). To some teenagers independence means a lot to them, and I think that some parents don't allow their teenagers enough independence.Independence has something to do with freedom. Some kids are not allowed to goanywhere alone, and the only thing their schedule includes is going to school, coming home, going to sleep, and repeating the process the next day. Parents tend to be afraid that their kids can get hurted if they go outside into the world. But if parents control their kids too much, they may never learn to live on their own. The best way for a teenager to learn lesson is through experience. I think it is beneficial for teenagers to have freedom.Teenagers' lack of freedom can also stop them from having good friendship at school. Some might say that this is a good thing, because it helps them focus more on their school work. I argue that this can only discourage them not to do their school work. Some parents do not allow their children to be around their friends outside the school, thinking that this will get them into trouble. But I don't think so. Instead, isn't this a good reason for parents to get their children a cellphone? Cellphones allow teenagers to stay in touch with their parents, and communicate better with their friends.Privacy is another issue between parents and their teenagers. Teenagers tend to enjoy relaxation by themselves in their own room. This also gives them a sense of independence. It often annoys teenagers when their parents enter their room when they are not home. I know that my mom always goes in my room when I'm not home, and this has brought me to the point where I have asked many times to get a lock on my door.12.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.Kids know how to live independently.B.Some parents allow their kids no freedom.C.It benefits teenagers to have freedom.D.Kids have a dull routine every day13.In the opinion of the author, ___________.A.parents should make it easy for kids to communicate with their friendsB.good friendships between kids harm their school workC.it is unnecessary for a kid to have a cellphoneD.kids should focus on the school work14.How do teenagers usually feel when their parents enter their rooms in their absence?A.DisappointedB.LuckyC.AngryD.Calm15.The author hopes to have her door locked in order to ______________.A.keep her father from reading her dairyB.prevent her mother entering her roomC.Protect herself from any harmD.Stop thieves from going in第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2024-2025学年吉林省洮北区九校联考高一上学期期中数学试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4.本试卷主要考试内容:人教A 版必修第一册第一章到第三章。
一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.“”的否定是( )A .B .C .D .2.“”是“”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件3.已知集合,,则中元素的个数为( )A .3B .4C .5D .64.若函数且,则( )A .B .0C .D .15.若一元二次不等式对一切实数都成立,则的取值集合为( )A .B .C .D .或6.设,,则( )A .B .C .D .7.若函数的定义域为,则函数的定义域为( )x ∀∈Z Z x ∃∈Z Z x ∃∈Z Z x ∃∉Z Z x ∀∈Z Z7x >17x >{}0,1,4,6,7,8,10A ={}2,B x x n n ==∈N A B ()21,0,1,0,x x f x x x a⎧+≤⎪=⎨>⎪-⎩()()112f f -=a =1-1221000ax ax -+>x a {}0400a a <<{}0400a a ≤<{}0400a a ≤≤{0a a <}400a >a =2b =-()11ac +=b a c<<a b c <<c b a <<c a b <<()31f x -()0,3()13f x -A .B .C .D .8.已知函数满足对任意的,恒成立,则函数的值域是( )A .B .C .D .二、选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9.已知集合或,,且是的真子集,则的取值可能为( )A .3B .C .3.5D .610.下列结论正确的是( )A .若是奇函数,则必有且B .函数的单调递减区间是C .是定义在上的偶函数,当时,,则当时,D .若在上是增函数,且,,则11.已知实数满足,且,则的值可以为( )A .B .7C .D .5三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.函数的定义域为______.()3,0-21,33⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭()1,8-72,33⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭()2143,1,5,1a x f x x x ax x -⎧+>⎪=⎨⎪-+≤⎩()1212,x x x x ∈≠R ()()12120f x f x x x ->-()21g a a =-11,59⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦11,29⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦11,25⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎣⎦11,9⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦{3A x x =<-}7x ≥{}25B x a x a =<<+B A a 8-()21ax b f x x +=+0a ≠0b =31x y x =-11,,33⎛⎫⎛⎫-∞+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()f x R 0x >()23f x x x =+0x <()23f x x x=-()f x R 1a m =-2b m =()()()()f a f b f a f b +-<-+,x y 20x y >>1x y +=91252x y x y++-163133()f x =13.已知甲地下停车库的收费标准如下:(1)停车不超过1小时免费;(2)超过1小时且不超过3小时,收费5元;(3)超过3小时且不超过6小时,收费10元;(4)超过6小时且不超过9小时,收费15元;(5)超过9小时且不超过12小时,收费18元;(6)超过12小时且不超过24小时,收费24元.小林在2024年10月7日10:22将车停入甲车库,若他在当天18:30将车开出车库,则他需交的停车费为______.乙地下停车库的收费标准如下:每小时2元,不到1小时按1小时计费.若小林将车停入乙车库(停车时长不超过24小时),要使得车停在乙车库比甲车库更优惠,则小林停车时长的最大值为______.14.已知函数,,,.对于任意的,存在,使得,则的取值范围是______.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)已知集合,.(1)当时,求;(2)若中整数元素的个数为3,写出的一个值.16.(15分)已知幂函数的图象经过点.(1)求的解析式.(2)设函数.①判断的奇偶性;②判断在上的单调性,并用定义加以证明.17.(15分)已知,.(1)比较与的大小;(2)若,求的最小值;(3)若,求的取值范围.18.(17分)已知函数的定义域为,,且.()8f x x=[]1,2x ∈()21g x ax a =+-[]1,3x ∈-[]11,2x ∈[]21,3x ∈-()()12f x g x ≥a {}2655A x x x =+<{}21B x x m =>-0m =A B ()A B R ðm ()f x ()f x ()()()14g x f x f x =+()g x ()g x ()0,20a >0b >2a a +22ab b -97a b ab ++=ab ()15b a a a+=≤b ()f x R 113f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭()()()29f x y f x f y xy ++=(1)求的值;(2)求的值;(3)讨论函数的最小值.19.(17分)笛卡尔积是集合论中的一个基本概念,由法国数学家笛卡尔首次引入.笛卡尔积在计算机科学、组合数学、统计学等领域中有广泛的应用.对于非空数集,定义且,将称为“与的笛卡尔积”.(1)若,,求.(2)若集合是有限集,将的元素个数记为.已知是非空有限数集,,且对任意的集合恒成立,求的取值范围,并指明当取到最值时,和满足的关系式及应满足的条件.23f ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭f ()()()210g x f x mx x ⎡⎤=+-≤≤⎣⎦,A B (){,A B x y x A ⨯=∈}y B ∈A B⨯A B {}1,1A =-{}1,0,1B =-()()A B B A ⨯⨯ C C C 12,A A ()3*12A A m m ⨯=∈N 112221A A A A a A A ⨯+⨯≥⨯12,A A a a 1A 2A m参考答案1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.A9.BCD10.CD11.AB12.(−∞,13)∪(13,8]13.15;714.a≤515.解:(1)A={x|x2+6x<55}=(−11,5),当m=0时,B=(−1,+∞),故A∪B=(−11,+∞).(2)∁R B=(−∞,2m−1],A=(−11,5),因为A∩(∁R B)中整数元素的个数为3,故A∩(∁R B)的整数为−10,−9,−8,≤m<−3.故−8≤2m−1<−7,故−72(答案不唯一).所以m的一个值可以为−7216.解:(1)依题意,设幂函数f(x)=x a,则f(5)=(5)a=55,解得a=−1,所以f(x)=x−1=1x.(2)①g(x)为奇函数,理由如下:由(1)得,g(x)=4f(x)+1f(x)=4x+x,则其定义域为(−∞,0)∪(0,+∞),关于原点对称,又g(−x)=−4x−x=−(4x+x)=−g(x),所以函数g(x)为奇函数;②g(x)=4x+x在(0,2)上单调递减,证明如下:任取x1,x2∈(0,2),且x1<x2,则g(x1)−g(x2)=(4x1+x1)−(4x2+x2)=(x1−x2)(x1x2−4)x1x2,因为0<x1<x2<2,所以x1−x2<0,x1x2−4<0,x1x2>0,所以g(x1)−g(x2)>0,即g(x1)>g(x2),所以函数g(x)=4x+x在(0,2)上单调递减.17.解:(1)∵a>0,b>0,∴a2+a−(2ab−b2)=(a−b)2+a>0,∴a2+a>2ab−b2.(2)∵a>0,b>0,由a+9b+7=ab,得ab−7=a+9b≥2a⋅9b=6ab,即(ab)2−6ab−7≥0,解得ab≥7或ab≤−1(舍去),可得ab≥49,当且仅当a=9b时等号成立,所以ab的最小值为49.(3)设函数f(x)=x−1x,0<x≤5,任取x1,x2∈(0,5],且x1<x2,则f (x 1)−f (x 2)=x 1−1x 1−x 2+1x 2=(x 1−x 2)(1+1x 1x 2),∵0<x 1≤5,0<x 2≤5,且x 1<x 2,∴x 1−x 2<0,1+1x 1x 1>0,∴f (x 1)−f (x 2)<0,即f (x 1)<f (x 2),所以函数f (x )是(0,5]上的增函数.∴f (x )≤f (5)=2425,由b =a−1a ,a ∈(0,5],∴b ∈(−∞,2425].所以b 的取值范围为(−∞,2425].18.解:(1)因为2f (x +y )+f (x )f (y )=9xy ,令x =13,y =13,则2f (23)+f (13)f (13)=9×13×13,又f(13)=−1,有2f (23)+1=1,故f (23)=0.(2)令x =13,y =23,有2f(1)+f (13)f (23)=9×13×23,即2f(1)+(−1)×0=9×13×23,得f(1)=1,令x =13,y =0,有2f (13)+f (13)f(0)=0,即2×(−1)+(−1)f(0)=0,得f(0)=−2,令x =1,y =−1,有2f(0)+f(1)f(−1)=−9,即2×(−2)+1×f(−1)=−9,得f(−1)=−5,令y =1,有2f(x +1)+f(x)f(1)=9x ,令y =−1,有2f(x−1)+f(x)f(−1)=−9x ,则2f(x)+f(x +1)f(−1)=−9(x +1),联立{2f(x +1)+f(x)=9x 2f(x)−5f(x +1)=−9(x +1),解得f(x)=3x−2,所以f ( 33)=3× 33−2=3−2.(3)由(2)得,g(x)=[f(x)]2+mx=(3x−2)2+mx=9x2+(m−12)x+4,其图象开口向上,对称轴为x=12−m18,又−1≤x≤0,当12−m18≤−1,即m≥30时,g(x)在[−1,0]上单调递增,则g(x)min=g(−1)=9×(−1)2+(m−12)×(−1)+4=25−m;当12−m18≥0,即m≤12时,g(x)在[−1,0]上单调递减,则g(x)min=g(0)=4;当−1<12−m18<0,即12<m<30时,g(x)min=g(12−m18)=9×(12−m18)2+(m−12)×(12−m18)+4=4−(12−m)236.19.解:(1)因A={−1,1},B={−1,0,1},则A×B={(−1,−1),(−1,0),(−1,1),(1,−1),(1,0),(1,1)},B×A={(−1,−1),(−1,1),(0,−1),(0,1),(1,−1),(1,1)},故(A×B)∩(B×A)={(−1,−1),(−1,1),(1,−1),(1,1)};(2)设|A1|=c,|A2|=d,c,d∈N∗,则|A1×A2|=|A2×A1|=cd=m3(∗),|A1×A1|=c2,|A2×A2|=d2,则|A1×A1|+|A2×A2||A2×A1|=c2+d2cd=cd+dc≥2,当且仅当c=d时,等号成立;因|A1×A1|+|A2×A2||A2×A1|≥a对任意的集合A1,A2恒成立,故得a≤2,即a∈(−∞,2];当a=2时,c=d,即|A1|=|A2|,则由(∗)可得c2=m3,则c=m3=(m)3∈N∗,故m=k2,k∈N∗.。
高一英语单元测试卷一、听力理解(共20分)A. 短对话理解(每题1分,共5分)1. What is the man going to do?A) Go to the library. B) Visit his uncle. C) Do his homework.2. What does the woman mean?A) She is thirsty. B) She is hungry. C) She is tired.3. What time does the concert start?A) 7:00 p.m. B) 7:30 p.m. C) 8:00 p.m.4. Where are the speakers?A) At a restaurant. B) At a bookstore. C) At a cinema.5. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her keys. B) She missed the bus. C) She broke her phone.B. 长对话理解(每题2分,共10分)听下面一段对话,回答6-10题。
6. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A) Teacher and student. B) Friends. C) Mother and son.7. What is the woman worried about?A) Her job. B) Her health. C) Her son's school performance.8. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a vacation. B) Change her job. C) Talk to her son.9. What is the man's opinion about the woman's son?A) He is lazy. B) He is smart. C) He is stubborn.10. What will the woman probably do next?A) Talk to her son. B) Quit her job. C) Go to the doctor.C. 短文理解(每题2分,共5分)听下面一段短文,回答11-15题。
新教材高一数学期末复习测试卷考试时间:120分钟满分:150分一、单选题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.已知函数()ln(2)2f x x x m =++-的一个零点附近的函数值的参考数据如下表:x 00.50.531250.56250.6250.751()f x 1.307-0.084-0.009-0.0660.2150.5121.099由二分法,方程ln(2)20x x m ++-=的近似解(精确度为0.05)可能是()A .0.625B .0.009-C .0.5625D .0.0662.函数12x y -=的图像可看作是把函数2x y =经过以下哪种变换得到()A .把函数2x y =向右平移一个单位B .先把函数2x y =的图像关于x 轴对称,然后把所得函数图像向左平移一个单位C .先把函数2x y =的图像关于y 轴对称,然后把所得函数图像向左平移一个单位D .先把函数2x y =的图像关于y 轴对称,然后把所得函数图像上各点的纵坐标变为原来的2倍,横坐标不变3.若偶函数()f x 在(],1∞--上是增函数,则()A .()()3122f f f ⎛⎫-<-< ⎪⎝⎭B .()()3212f f f ⎛⎫<-<- ⎪⎝⎭C .()()3212f f f ⎛⎫<-<- ⎪⎝⎭D .()()3122f f f ⎛⎫-<-< ⎪⎝⎭4.已知函数()2211,2,21x ax x f x a x x ⎧---≤⎪=⎨>⎪-⎩满足对任意12x x ≠,都有()()12120f x f x x x ->-成立,则实数a 的取值范围是()A .[]3,2--B .[)3,0-C .(],2-∞-D .(],0-∞5.以下给出了四组函数:(1)y =2y =(2)y x =与=m (3)211x y x -=-与1y x =+(4)=u 与=m 其中有()组函数是同一个函数A .4B .3C .2D .16.已知22x -<<,13y <<,则2x y -的取值范围是()A .()8,0-B .()8,2-C .()4,2-D .()10,2--7.若关于x 的不等式20x bx c ++<(a ,b ,c 为常数)的解集为{}16x x -<<,则不等式20cx bx a +->(a ,b ,c 为常数)的解集为()A .1123x x ⎧⎫-<<-⎨⎬⎩⎭B .1{|3x x -<或1}2x <-C .{}32x x -<<-D .{|2x x -<或3}x <-8.使得不等式210x ax -+>对R x ∀∈恒成立的一个充分不必要条件是()A .02a <<B .02a <≤C .2a <D .2a >-二、多选题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.)9.某工厂利用随机数表对生产的700个零件进行抽样测试,先将700个零件进行编号,001,002,……,699,700.从中抽取70个样本,下图提供随机数表的第4行到第6行,若从表中第5行第6列开始向右读取数据,则得到的为前4个编号中的是()322118342978645407325242064438122343567735789056428442125331345786073625300732862345788907236896080432567808436789535577348994837522535578324577892345A .328B .457C .253D .00710.已知函数()21,23,21x x f x x x ⎧-<⎪=⎨>⎪-⎩若方程()0f x a -=有三个不同的实数根,则实数a 的取值可能是()A .0B .12C .13D .111.在一个质地均匀的正四面体木块的四个面上分别标有数字1,2,3,4连续抛掷这个正四面体木块两次,并记录每次正四面体木块朝下的面上的数字,记事件A 为“两次记录的数字之和为偶数”,事件B 为“第一次记录的数字为偶数”;事件C 为“第二次记录的数字为偶数”,则下列结论正确的是()A .事件B 与事件C 是互斥事件B .事件A 与事件B 是相互独立事件C .事件B 与事件C 是相互独立事件D .1()4P ABC =12.已知函数)()ln2f x x =+,则()A .()f x 的定义域为()0,∞+B .()f x 在()0,∞+上是减函数C .当0x >时,()(]0,2f x ∈D .1(lg 3)lg 43f f ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分,其中第16题第一空2分,第二空3分.)13.函数()4=-f x x 的定义域为________________.14.若任意[]1,2x ∈,不等式240x mx -+≥恒成立,则实数m 的范围为_________.15.已知x 、y 为正实数,且满足4312x y +=,则xy 的最大值为_____.16.如图,一个电路中有三个元件A ,B ,C 及灯泡D ,每个元件能正常工作的概率都是0.5,且能否正常工作不相互影响,电路的不同连接方式对灯泡D 发光的概率会产生影响,在图①所示的电路中灯泡D 发光的概率为__________;在图②所示的电路中灯泡D 发光的概率为__________.四、解答题(本题共6小题,共70分,其中第17题10分,其它每题12分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.已知集合{}{}2128,340x A xB x x x =≤<=+->∣∣.(1)求集合A 与集合B ;(2)求A B ⋃及()R A B ⋃ð(3)若集合{1}C xa x a =<<+∣,且A C C ⋂=,求实数a 的取值范围.18.计算下列各式的值(1)(130.02716-;(2)21log 325log 5log 4ln(ln e)2+⋅-+;(3)已知13a a -+=,求3322a a -+的值.19.已知函数()()3312log ,log x x f x g x =-=.(1)求函数()()263y f x g x ⎡⎤=-+⎣⎦的零点;(2)讨论函数()()()2h x g x f x k ⎡⎤=---⎣⎦在[]1,27上的零点个数.20.已知甲的投篮命中率为0.6,乙的投篮命中率为0.7,丙的投篮命中率为0.5,求:(1)甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,三人都命中的概率;(2)甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,恰有两人命中的概率;(3)甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,至少有一人命中的概率.21.文明城市是反映城市整体文明水平的综合性荣誉称号,作为普通市民,既是文明城市的最大受益者,更是文明城市的主要创造者某市为提高市民对文明城市创建的认识,举办了“创建文明城市”知识竞赛,从所有答卷中随机抽取100份作为样本,将样本的成绩(满分100分,成绩均为不低于40分的整数)分成六段:[)40,50[)50,60,…,[]90,100,得到如图所示的频率分布直方图.(1)求频率分布直方图中a 的值;(2)求样本成绩的第75百分位数;(3)已知落在[)50,60的平均成绩是54,方差是7,落在[)60,70的平均成绩为66,方差是4,求两组成绩的总平均数z 和总方差2s .22.设函数()()1(0x xf x k a a a -=-+>且1)a ≠是定义域为R 的偶函数,()512f =(1)求a 的值并用定义法证明()f x 在()0,∞+上的单调性;(2)若()()240f m f m +-->,求实数m 的取值范围;(3)若()()()2221x xg x a a m f x -=+-+在[)1,+∞上的最小值为3-,求m 的值.参考答案:1.C【分析】按照二分法的方法流程进行计算,根据()()0f a f b ⋅<的符号确定根所在的区间,当区间长度小于或等于0.05时,只需从该区间上任取一个数即可.【详解】由题意得()ln(2)2f x x x m =++-在区间(0,)+∞上单调递增,设方程ln(2)20x x m ++-=的解的近似值为0x ,由表格得(0.53125)(0.5625)0f f ⋅<,所以0(0.53125,0.5625)x ∈,因为|0.531250.5625|0.031250.05-=<,所以方程的近似解可取为0.5625.故选:C.2.D【分析】利用函数图像的平移变换法则求解即可.【详解】选项A :函数2x y =向右平移一个单位得到12x y -=;选项B :先把函数2x y =的图像关于x 轴对称得到2x y =-,然后向左平移一个单位得到12x y +=-;选项C :先把函数2x y =的图像关于y 轴对称得到2xy -=,然后向左平移一个单位得到(1)122x x y -+--==;选项D :先把函数2x y =的图像关于y 轴对称得到2xy -=,然后把各点的纵坐标变为原来的2倍,横坐标不变得到1222x x y --=⨯=;故选:D 3.B【分析】根据()f x 在(],1∞--上是增函数,且3212-<-<-,可得()2f -,32f ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,()1f -的大小关系,再根据偶函数的性质可得()2f ,32f ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,()1f -的大小关系.【详解】因为()f x 在(],1∞--上是增函数,且3212-<-<-,所以()()3212f f f ⎛⎫-<-<- ⎪⎝⎭,又()f x 为偶函数,所以()()22f f -=,则()()3212f f f ⎛⎫<-<- ⎪⎝⎭,故选:B .4.A【分析】根据函数的单调性列不等式,由此求得a 的取值范围.【详解】由于函数()2211,2,21x ax x f x a x x ⎧---≤⎪=⎨>⎪-⎩满足对任意12x x ≠,都有()()12120f x f x x x ->-成立,所以()f x 在R 上单调递增,所以22220241121a a a a -⎧-≥⎪-⎪<⎨⎪⎪---≤-⎩,解得32a --≤≤,所以a 的取值范围是[]3,2--.故选:A 5.D【分析】根据函数的定义域及对应关系逐项分析即得.【详解】对于(1),函数y =R,函数2y =的定义域为[)0,∞+,故不是同一函数;对于(2),y x =定义域为R,m n ==的定义域为R ,故y x =与=m 对应关系都相同,故为同一函数;对于(3),211x y x -=-的定义域为{}1x x ≠,1y x =+的定义域为R ,故不是同一函数;对于(4),=u 的定义域为[)1,+∞,=m (][),11,-∞-⋃+∞,故不是同一函数.所以有1组函数是同一个函数.故选:D.6.A【分析】由条件,结合不等式的性质求出3x y -的取值范围即可.【详解】因为13y <<,所以622y -<-<-又22x -<<,所以820x y -<-<,所以2x y -的取值范围是()8,0-,故选:A.7.A【分析】根据不等式的解集可得-1,6为对应方程的根,将b 和c 均用a 表示,代入所求不等式解出即可.【详解】一元二次不等式20ax bx c ++<的解集为{}16x x -<<,所以0a >,且-1,6是一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=的两个实数根,所以165b a -=-+=,166ca=-⨯=-,所以5b a =-,6c a =-,且0a >;所以不等式20cx bx a +->化为2650ax ax a --->,即26510x x +<+,解得11.23x -<<-因此不等式的解集为11{|}.23x x -<<-故选:A.8.A【分析】先由不等式210x ax -+>对R x ∀∈恒成立得()2,2a ∈-,再由充分不必要条件的概念即可求解【详解】由不等式210x ax -+>对R x ∀∈恒成立,得Δ0<,即()240a --<,解得22a -<<,从选项可知02a <<是22a -<<的充分不必要条件,故选:A.9.BCD【分析】根据给定条件,利用随机数表法按要求每3位一读,求出前4个编号即可判断作答.【详解】依题意,从表中第5行第6列开始向右每3位一读取数据,记录下不超过700的号码,重复号码记第一次的,所以前4个编号是:253,313,457,007,选项A 不满足,B ,C ,D 满足.故选:BCD 10.BC【分析】作函数()f x 的图象,数形结合即可解决.【详解】由题知,函数()21,23,21x x f x x x ⎧-<⎪=⎨>⎪-⎩的图象如下,方程()0f x a -=可以看成()y f x =与y a =的交点,所以由图知方程()0f x a -=有三个不同的实数根时,01a <<,故选:BC 11.BCD【分析】根据对立事件,独立事件的概念及古典概型概率公式逐项分析即得.【详解】解:对于A ,事件B 与事件C 是相互独立事件,但不是对立事件,故A 错误;对于B ,事件A 与事件B ,1()2P A =,1()2P B =,1()4P AB =,事件A 与事件B 是相互独立事件,故B 正确;对于C ,事件B 与事件C ,1()2P B =,1()2P C =,1()4P BC =,事件B 与事件C 是相互独立事件,故C 正确;对于D ,事件ABC 表示第一次记录的数字为偶数,第二次记录的数字为偶数,故221()444P ABC ⨯==⨯,故D 正确.故选:BCD.12.BD【分析】首先求出函数的定义域,即可判断A ,再根据复合函数的单调性判断BC ,最后由()()4f x f x -+=,即可判断D.【详解】因为)()ln2f x x =+0x >x >,所以x ∈R ,故函数的定义域为R ,故A错误;)()ln 2ln 2ln 2xx f x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=+=-+,因为当,()0x ∈+∞,函数y x =单调递增,又ln y x =-在定义域上单调递减,所以)()ln2f x x =+在(0,)+∞上单调递减,故B 正确;又当,()0x ∈+∞时,1y x =>,所以)ln 0y x =-<,所以()(),2f x ∈-∞,故C 错误;因为())ln2f x x-=-+,())ln2f x x =-+,所以()()4f x f x -+=所以()()1(lg 3)lg lg 3lg 343f f f f ⎛⎫+=+-= ⎪⎝⎭,故D 正确.故选:BD13.(][)(),23,44,-∞-⋃⋃+∞【分析】根据函数定义域的求法求得正确答案.【详解】依题意,26040x x x ⎧--≥⎨-≠⎩,解得2x ≤-或3x ≥,且4x ≠,所以()f x 的定义域为(][)(),23,44,-∞-⋃⋃+∞.故答案为:(][)(),23,44,-∞-⋃⋃+∞14.(],4∞-【分析】任意[]1,2x ∈,不等式240x mx -+≥恒成立等价于4m x x≤+在[]1,2上恒成立,参变分离求最值即可.【详解】任意[]1,2x ∈,不等式240x mx -+≥恒成立等价于4m x x≤+在[]1,2上恒成立,又44x x +≥=,当且仅当2x =时,取等号,∴4m ≤,即实数m 的范围为(],4∞-.故答案为:(],4∞-15.3【分析】用基本不等式求得最值,然后化简既可得最大值.【详解】由已知得1243x y =+≥,即12≥解得3xy ≤(当且仅当43x y =时取""=)故答案为:316.1838【分析】根据相互独立事件的概率乘法公式,以及对立事件的概率计算公式,结合题意,即可求解.【详解】由题意,要使得灯泡D 发光,则满足A ,B ,C 三个元件同时正常工作,根据相互独立事件的概率乘法公式,图①中灯泡D 发光的概率为11112228⨯⨯=;在在图②所示的电路中灯泡D 发光,则满足元件A 正常工作,元件B ,C 中至少要有一个正常工作,所以图②的电路中灯泡D 发光的概率为1113[1(1)(1)]2228⨯---=.故答案为:18;38.17.(1)[)0,3A =,(),4(1,)B =-∞-+∞ (2)()[),40,A B =-∞-+∞ ,()[)R 4,0A B ⋃=-ð(3)[]0,2【分析】(1)解指数不等式和一元二次不等式即可;(2)根据集合的交并补运算即可求解;(3)根据集合的包含关系求解.【详解】(1)由128x ≤<解得03x ≤<,所以[)0,3A =,由2340+->x x 解得<4x -或1x >,所以(),4(1,)B =-∞-+∞ ,(2)由(1)得()[),40,A B =-∞-+∞ ,()[)R 4,0A B ⋃=-ð.(3)因为A C C ⋂=,所以C A ⊆,且{1}C xa x a =<<+≠∅∣,所以013a a ≥⎧⎨+≤⎩,解得02x ≤≤,所以a 的取值范围是[]0,2.18.(1)10π3+(2)8(3)【分析】(1)根据指数幂的运算法则直接计算即可.(2)根据对数和指数幂的计算法则直接计算即可.(3)计算1122a a -+=()1133122221a aa a a a ---⎛⎫= ⎪⎝+++-⎭,计算得到答案.【详解】(1)(()113122113321000104100.0273131272323πππ-⎛⎫⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭+=+-++=+-++=+ ⎪⎝⎭(2)221log 3log 32525l 8og 5log 4ln(ln e o 22ln12)2l g 5log 2206+=-+⨯=-+⋅+-=⋅(3)13a a -+=,故0a >,21112225a a a a --⎛⎫+=++= ⎪⎝⎭,故1122a a -+=()()133122221131a aa a a a ---⎛⎫==-= +-⎪⎝⎭++19.(1)9(2)答案见解析.【分析】(1)由题知()2332log 5log 20x x -+=,进而解方程即可得答案;(2)根据题意,将问题转化为函数()221F t t t =-+-在[]0,3上的图像与直线y k =的交点个数,进而数形结合求解即可.【详解】(1)解:由()()2630f x g x ⎡⎤-+=⎣⎦,得()233 12log 6log 30x x --+=,化简为()2332log 5log 20x x -+=,解得3 log 2x =或31log 2x =,所以,9x =或x =所以,()()2 63y f x g x ⎡⎤=-+⎣⎦的零点为9.(2)解:由题意得()()233 log 2log 1h x x x k =-+--,令()0h x =,得()233 log 2log 1x x k -+-=,令3log t x =,[]1,27x ∈,则[]2 0,3,21t t t k ∈-+-=,所以()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数等于函数()221F t t t =-+-在[]0,3上的图像与直线y k =的交点个数.()2 21F t t t =-+-在[]0,3上的图像如图所示.所以,当0k >或4k <-时,()F t 在[]0,3上的图像与直线y k =无交点,所以,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为0;当0k =或41k -≤<-时()F t 在[]0,3上的图像与直线y k =有1个交点,所以,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为1;当10k -≤<时,()F t 在[]0,3上的图像与直线y k =有2个交点,所以,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为2.综上,当0k >或4k <-时,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为0;当0k =或41k -≤<-时,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为1;当10k -≤<时,()h x 在[]1,27上的零点个数为2.20.(1)0.21;(2)0.44;(3)0.94.【分析】(1)根据概率乘法得三人都命中概率为0.60.70.50.21⨯⨯=;(2)分甲命中,乙,丙未命中,乙命中,甲,丙未命中,丙命中,乙,丙未命中,三种情况讨论,结合概率乘法和加法公式即可得到答案;(3)采取正难则反的原则,求出其对立事件即三人全未命中的概率,再根据对立事件的概率公式求解即可.【详解】(1)设事件A :甲投篮命中;事件B :乙投篮命中;事件C :丙投篮命中.甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,三人都命中的概率()()()()0.60.70.50.21P ABC P A P B P C ==⨯⨯=.所以甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,三人都命中的概率为0.21.(2)设事件D :恰有两人命中.所以()()P D P ABC ABC ABC =++()()()()()()()()()P A P B P C P A P B P C P A P B P C =++0.40.70.50.60.30.50.60.70.50.44=⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=所以甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,恰有两人命中的概率为0.44.(3)设事件E :至少有一人命中.所以()1()10.40.30.510.060.94P E P ABC =-=-⨯⨯=-=所以甲,乙,丙各投篮一次,至少有一人命中的概率为0.94.21.(1)0.030a =(2)84(3)62z =,237s =【分析】(1)根据每组小矩形的面积之和为1即可求解;(2)由频率分布直方图求第百分位数的计算公式即可求解;(3)根据平均数和方差的计算公式即可求解.(1)解:∵每组小矩形的面积之和为1,∴()0.0050.0100.0200.0250.010101a +++++´=,∴0.030a =.(2)解:成绩落在[)40,80内的频率为()0.0050.0100.0200.030100.65+++⨯=,落在[)40,90内的频率为()0.0050.0100.0200.0300.025100.9++++⨯=,设第75百分位数为m ,由()0.65800.0250.75m +-⨯=,得84m =,故第75百分位数为84;(3)解:由图可知,成绩在[)50,60的市民人数为1000.110⨯=,成绩在[)60,70的市民人数为1000.220⨯=,故10546620621020z ⨯+⨯==+.设成绩在[)50,60中10人的分数分别为1x ,2x ,3x ,…,10x ;成绩在[)60,70中20人的分数分别为1y ,2y ,3y ,…,20y ,则由题意可得2222121054710x x x ++⋅⋅⋅+-=,2222122066420y y y ++⋅⋅⋅+-=,所以222121029230x x x ++⋅⋅⋅+=,222122087200y y y ++⋅⋅⋅+=,所以()()222222222121012201129230872006237102030s x x x y y y z =++⋅⋅⋅++++⋅⋅⋅+-=+-=+,所以两组市民成绩的总平均数是62,总方差是37.22.(1)2a =或者12a =,证明见解析;(2)()1,+∞;(3)1920.【分析】(1)根据偶函数的定义,结合函数单调性的定义、指数函数的单调性进行求解即可;(2)根据偶函数的性质,结合函数的单调性进行求解即可;(3)利用换元法,结合对勾函数和二次函数的性质分类讨论进行求解即可.【详解】(1) 由函数()()1x x f x k a a -=-+是定义域为R 的偶函数,∴满足()()=f x f x -,即()()11x x x xk a a a k a ---+=+-,11k ∴-=,即2k =,()x x f x a a -∴=+,又()512f =,即152a a -+=,化简为:22520a a -+=,解得:2a =或者12a =,()22x x f x -∴=+,设()12,0,x x ∈+∞且12x x <,则()()12f x f x -()11222222x x x x --=+-+1212112222x x x x =-+-21121222222x x x x x x +-=-+()121212212x x x x +⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭,由12x x <,得12220x x -<120x x << ,12112x x +∴<,即121102x x +->,()()()212112122102x x x x f x f x +⎛⎫∴-=--< ⎪⎝⎭,()f x \在()0,x ∈+∞单调递增;(2)()f x 是R 上的偶函数,()f x \在()0,x ∈+∞单调递增,在(),0x ∈-∞单调递减.()()240f m f m +--> ,即()()24f m f m +>-,24m m ∴+>-,两边平方得:2244168m m m m ++>+-解得:1m >,实数m 的取值范围为:()1,+∞;(3)由(1)知,()()()()()222221222122x x x x x xg x a a m f x m ---=+-+=+-++将()g x 变形得:()()()()()()2222221222221222x x x x x x x x g x m m ----=+-++=+-++-令22x x t -=+,因为[)1,x ∞∈+,由对勾函数的性质得52t ≥.则原函数化为:()25212,2y t m t t =-+-≥,由题知,()2212y t m t =-+-在5,2t ∞⎡⎫∈+⎪⎢⎣⎭上的最小值为3-,函数()2212y t m t =-+-的对称轴为:()21122m t m -+=-=+,①当1522m +>,即m>2时,()211212322min y m m m ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+-++-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,解得:32m =-或12m =,均不符合题意,舍去,②当1522m+=,即2m=时,25533523224miny⎛⎫=-⨯-=-≠-⎪⎝⎭,不符合题意,③当1522m+<,即2m<时,()2min55212322y m⎛⎫=-+⨯-=-⎪⎝⎭,解得:1920m=符合题意,所以m的值为19 20 .【点睛】关键点睛:利用换元法,结合对勾函数和二次函数的性质分类讨论是解题的关键.。
第一局部英语知识使用(共两节,满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项。
1 This book is said to be a special one . which ____many eventsnot found in other history books .A. coversB. writes C . prints D . reads2. ----Do you mind if I record your lecture?----_____. Go ahead.A. Never mindB. No wayC. Not at allD. No. You’d better not3.. Some information ____collected to show that the population in Russia____reducing year after year .A . have been ; is B. has been ; is C. have been ; areD . has been; are4. In New Zealand, people live in the houses with their doors____north.A. facedB. faceC. facingD. facing to5. ---My room gets very cold at night.---_______.A.So is mine . B .So mine is C.So does mine D. So mine does6. To buy some salt , the careless housewife went downstairs, ___ the fish ___over thegas. A. left; cooked B . leaving ;cookingC. leaving; being cookedD. left; being cooked7 He ____French while he was staying in Paris.A. took upB. picked upC. put up D . turned up8. The film was _____from being shown in several countries.A.bannedB.protectedC.canceledD. ordered9. House prices keep rising these days. A .flat in our city costs___now as in 1990.A. as three times muchB. as much three timesC. much as three timesD. three times as much10. Lydia doesn’t feel like ____abroad . Her parents are old.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study11. You can never expect to learn something ___you study hard.A. unlessB. afterC. ifD. when12. ____he said sounded nice .A. whenB. whichC. thatD. what13. Hearing the news , the children all looked ___at their mother and felt quite____.A. sad ,sadB. sadly, sadC. sad; sadlyD. sadly ,sadly14. ---How often do you eat out ?----____ , but usually once a week .A . Have no ideaB . It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking15. ---How about ____party ?---Cool ! It was really _____great fun ! Pity you weren’t there.A . a ,a B. the ,a C. the , / D. a, /第二节完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项。
高一物理期末测试卷及答案第一部分:选择题(共30题,每题2分,共60分)1. 以下哪个单位用于测量速度?A. 米/秒(m/s)B. 千克(kg)C. 牛顿(N)D. 焦耳(J)答案:A2. 一个物体在力的作用下做直线运动,如果力的大小不变,质量增加一倍,加速度会发生什么变化?A. 加速度减小一半B. 加速度增加一倍C. 加速度不变D. 加速度减小两倍答案:D3. 以下哪个公式用于计算功?A. 功 = 质量 ×加速度B. 功 = 力 ×加速度C. 功 = 力 ×距离D. 功 = 质量 ×距离答案:C4. 一辆汽车以30 m/s的速度行驶了10秒钟,求汽车行驶的距离。
A. 200 mB. 300 mC. 400 mD. 500 m答案:B5. 以下哪个公式用于计算动能?A. 动能 = 质量 ×加速度B. 动能 = 力 ×加速度C. 动能 = 质量 ×速度的平方D. 动能 = 力 ×距离答案:C...第二部分:填空题(共20题,每题4分,共80分)1. 一辆汽车质量为1000千克,以10 m/s的速度行驶,求汽车的动能。
答案:5000焦耳(J)2. 牛顿第一定律也被称为____________。
答案:惯性定律3. 一个物体受到的合力为零,则物体将保持____________。
答案:静止或匀速直线运动4. 什么是力?答案:力是物体之间相互作用的原因,它可以改变物体的状态或形状。
5. 牛顿第二定律的数学表达式是____________。
答案:F = m × a...第三部分:解答题(共10题,每题10分,共100分)1. 简述牛顿第三定律,并给出一个例子。
答案:牛顿第三定律指出,任何两个物体之间的相互作用力都是大小相等、方向相反的一对力。
例如,当我们用手推墙壁时,我们的手对墙壁施加一定的力,而墙壁对我们的手也施加同样大小、反向的力,使我们感觉到墙壁的阻力。
2024-2025学年江西省南昌市江西师范大学附属中学高一上学期数学素养测试卷一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.若集合A ={x|−4<x <12},B ={x|x <−1},则A ∩B =( )A. {x|−1<x <4}B. {x|−1<x <−12}C. {x|−1<x <12}D. {x|−4<x <−1}2.已知集合M ={1,2,3},N ={0,1,2,3,4,7},若M ⊆A ⊆N ,则满足集合A 的个数为( )A. 4B. 6C. 7D. 83.不等式x 2−ax−b <0的解集是{x|2<x <3},则ax 2−bx +1<0的解集是( )A. {x|2<x <3}B. {x|−1<x <−15}C. {x|−12<x <−13}D. {x|15<x <1}4.集合M ={x∣x 2=1},N ={x∣ax =1},且M ∩N =N ,实数a 的值为( )A. 1B. 12C. 1或−1D. 0或1或−15.已知集合A =[−2,5],B =[m +1,2m−1].若“x ∈B ”是“x ∈A ”的充分不必要条件,则m 的取值范围是( )A. (−∞,3]B. (2,3]C. ⌀D. [2,3]6.关于x 的不等式x 2−(a +2)x +2a <0的解集中恰有两个整数,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A. −1≤a <0或4<a ≤5B. −1≤a ≤0或4≤a ≤5C. −1<a ≤0或4≤a <5D. −1<a <0或4<a <57.已知x >0,y >0,且2x +y =2,若m m−1≤x +2y xy 对任意的x >0,y >0恒成立,则实数m 的值不可能为( )A. 14B. 98C. 127D. 28.设x,y,z >0,a =4x +1y ,b =4y +1z ,c =4z +1x ,则a,b,c 三个数( )A. 都小于4B. 至少有一个不大于4C. 都大于4D. 至少有一个不小于4二、多选题:本题共3小题,共18分。
高一化学必修一期末测试卷含详细答案
解析
一、选择题
1. 选B
2. 选A
3. 选C
4. 选D
5. 选B
二、填空题
1. 78.1
2. 2, 8
3. 溶液
4. 酸性
5. 氧化还原
三、简答题
1. 电子的质量极小,几乎可以忽略不计。
质子和中子质量都比电子大得多,所以原子核的质量主要由质子和中子决定。
2. 化学方程式中的原子在化学反应中是不会毁灭或创造的,只会重新组合。
所以,化学方程式必须符合物质的守恒定律。
3. 离子化合物与共价化合物的性质有很大的不同。
离子化合物通常具有高熔点、高沸点和良好的导电性,而共价化合物通常具有较低的熔点、较低的沸点和较差的导电性。
四、计算题
1.
铁的质量 = 0.45g
1mol Fe的质量 = 55.845g
所以,铁的摩尔数 = 铁的质量 / 1mol Fe的质量 = 0.45g / 55.845g/mol ≈ 0.008 mol
2.
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
摩尔比 = 1:2
所以,NaOH的摩尔数 = H2SO4的摩尔数 / 2 = 1.45 mol / 2 ≈ 0.725 mol
NaOH的质量 = NaOH的摩尔数× 40g/mol ≈ 0.725 mol ×
40g/mol = 29g
以上是《高一化学必修一期末测试卷含详细答案解析》的简要答案解析。
如需查看完整解析,请参考附带的文档或联系相关老师。
高一化学测试卷命题人:石红云审题人:董磊满分:100分考试时间:90分钟第Ⅰ卷选择题(共48分)本卷包括16小题,每小题3分,共48分。
每小题均只有一个正确选项符合题意。
1.据中央电视台报道,近年来我国的一些沿江城市多次出现大雾天气,致使高速公路关闭,航班停飞,雾中小水滴的直径范围是()A.小于1nm B.在1nm~100nm间C.大于100nm D.无法确定2.氢氧化钡(固体)、硫酸铜(固体)、硫酸(纯液体)这些物质可以归为一类,下列哪种物质还可以和它们归为一类()A.C2H5OH(液态)B.豆浆C.水煤气D.HCl(气态)3.下列叙述正确的是()A.生成物之一为单质的分解反应不一定是氧化还原反应B.被氧化的物质是还原剂C.还原剂在化学反应失去电子,所含某元素的化合价降低D.氧化剂变成氧化产物,发生氧化反应4.下列物质属于非电解质的是()A.HCl B.Fe C.蔗糖溶液D.CO25.下列离子方程式书写正确的是()A.石灰石溶于醋酸:CaCO3 + 2H+ == Ca2++H2O +CO2↑B.硫酸溶液与氢氧化钡溶液反应:Ba2+ + SO42- ==BaSO4↓C.硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钾溶液反应:H+ + OH- == H2OD.硝酸银溶液与氯化钠溶液反应:AgNO3 + Cl-== AgCl↓+NO3-6.对于反应:KClO3+5KCl+3H2SO4=3K2SO4+3Cl2↑+3H2O,被氧化的氯元素与被还原的氯元素的质量之比为()A.1:5 B.5:1 C.3:1 D.1:37.等体积的硫酸铝、硫酸锌、硫酸钠溶液分别与足量氯化钡溶液反应。
若生成硫酸钡沉淀的质量比为1:2:3,则三种硫酸盐的物质的量浓度之比为()A.1:2:3 B.1:6:9 C.1:3:3 D.1:3:68.下列实验操作中错误..的是()A.蒸发操作时,蒸发皿中出现大量固体时即停止加热B.蒸馏操作时,应使温度计水银球靠近蒸馏烧瓶的支管口处C.分液操作时,分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出,上层液体从上口倒出D.萃取操作时,应选择有机萃取剂,且萃取剂的密度必须比水大9.下列溶液中的c(Cl-)与150mL 1mol/L氯化铁溶液中的c(Cl-)相等的是()A.100mL 2mol/L氯化钠溶液B.75mL 2mol/L'氯化钾溶液C.100mL 1.5mol/L氯化钙溶液D.75mL 1.5mol/L氯化铝溶液10.某反应的化学方程式为:aFeCl2+bKNO3+cHCl===dFeCl3+eKCl+fX+gH2O,若b=1,d=3,则X的化学式为()A.NO B.N2C.NO2D.NH311.设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法中正确的是()A.25℃、101Kpa时,11.2LCl2含有分子数为0.5N AB.25℃、101Kpa时,64克SO2中含有的原子数为3N AC.标准状况下,11.2L H2O所含分子数为0.5N AD.标准状况下,含有N A个氦原子的氦气的体积为11.2L12.在相同温度和压强下,A容器中的CH4和B容器中的NH3所含氢原子数相等,则两个容器的体积比是()A.1︰1 B.4︰3 C.3︰4 D.5︰413.若某溶液中只含Na+ 、Al3+、Cl-、SO42-四种离子。
已知的Na+ 、Al3+、Cl-个数比为3:2:1,则溶液中Al3+与SO42-的个数比为A.1:2 B.1:4 C.3:4 D.3:214.下列配制的溶液浓度偏高的是()A.配制硫酸溶液用量筒量取硫酸时,俯视刻度线B.配制硫酸溶液定容时,仰视容量瓶刻度线C.称取4.0克氢氧化钠配制0.1mol / L溶液1000ml时,砝码错放左盘D.用浓硫酸配制稀硫酸,量取浓硫酸后的量筒用水洗涤2-3次,洗涤液也转移到容量瓶中15.下列各组仪器:①漏斗;②容量瓶;③分液漏斗;④天平;⑤量筒;⑥胶头滴管;⑦蒸馏烧瓶。
常用于物质分离的是()A.①③⑦B.②⑥⑦C.①④⑦D.④⑤⑥16.下列各组中离子能在溶液中大量共存的是()A. Fe3+、Na+、NO3―、OH―B. NH4+、Fe3+、NO3―、SO42―C. SO42―、Cl―、Ba2+、Mg2+ C. OH―、K+、Cl―、HCO3―第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共52分)17.(8分)如图所示,在烧杯中盛有100mL蒸馏水,水中悬浮着一个表现光滑、耐碱、耐热的小球(此球稳定在水的中央),将10g金属钠分多次投入到水中,最后使烧杯内的液体恢复到原来的蒸馏水的温度。
回答下列问题:(1)将10g钠全部投入完毕所进行的次数可能是:水① 5次② 10次③大于10次(2)实验结束时烧杯内小球的位置与开始时位置比较将会(保持不变、上升、下降);(3)写出实验过程中所发生反应的离子方程式并表示出此方程式中电子转移的方向和数目18.(6分)请回答(1)标准状况下:① 0.3mol氨气②6.02×1022个CO2分子③7.3gHCl ④ 0.2molCH4。
体积最大的是;密度最大的是;质量最大的是。
(填序号)(2)相同质量的SO2与SO3,其物质的量之比为,氧元素的质量之比为,原子总数之比为。
19.(10分)实验室用Na2SO4·10H2O配制0.1mol/L的Na2SO4溶液500ml。
有以下仪器:①药匙②100ml量筒③1000ml容量瓶④锥形瓶⑤玻璃棒⑥烧杯(1)配制时,必须选用的仪器为:(填代号),还缺少的玻璃仪器为(2)经计算,本实验需称量硫酸钠晶体(Na2SO4·10H2O)为g。
(3)用Na2SO4·10H2O配制标准溶液的正确顺序是。
A.冷却B.称量C.洗涤D.定容E.溶解F.摇匀G.移液(4)将所配制的Na2SO4溶液进行测定,发现浓度大于0.1mol/L。
请你分析配制过程中可能引起该误差的原因是(填字母代号)①容量瓶不干燥,含有少量蒸馏水②定容时俯视刻度线③定容时仰视刻度线④未冷却至室温就转移到容量瓶中⑤没有洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒20.(12分)有A、B、C、D四种可溶性盐,它们的阳离子分别可能是Ba2+、Ag+、Na+、Cu2+中的某一种,阴离子分别可能是NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、CO32-中的某一种。
(每种离子只用一次)(1)若把四种盐分别溶解于盛有蒸馏水的四支试管中,只有C盐的溶液呈蓝色。
(2)若向(1)的四支试管中分别加入盐酸,B盐溶液有沉淀产生,D盐溶液有无色无味气体逸出。
根据(1)、(2)实验事实可推断它们的化学式为A ;B ;C ;D(3)写出(2)中盐酸与B盐溶液、D盐溶液反应的离子方程式:、21.(8分)“绿色试剂”双氧水可作为矿业废液消毒剂,如消除采矿业废液中的氰化物(如KCN,其中N为-3价),反应的化学方程式为:KCN+H2O2+H2O===A+NH3↑(已配平)。
请回答下列问题:(1)生成物A的化学式为(2)在标准状况下有0.336L氨气生成,则转移的电子数为(3)反应中被氧化的元素为(4)H2O2被称为“绿色氧化剂”的理由是22.(8分)在标准状况下,将224L HCl气体溶于635mL水(ρ=1.00g·cm-3)中,所得盐酸的密度为1.18g·cm-3。
若取出这种盐酸10.0mL,向其中加水配制成1L溶液,则所得稀盐酸的物质的量浓度应该为多少。
化学答题卡姓名班级学号成绩选择题(每小题3分,共48分)17、(8分)(1)(2)(3)18、(6分)(1);;(2);;19、(10分)(1);;(2);(3);(4)20、(12分)(1)A ; B ; C ; D(3);21、(8分)(1)(2)(3)(4)22、(8分)化学答案17.(8分,每空2分)(1)③(2)上升;(3)2-+H ↑(4分)18.(6分 每空1分)(1)① ② ③ (2)5:4 5:6 15:1619.(10分 每空2分)(1)①②⑤⑥ 500ml 容量瓶、胶头滴管(2)16.1 (3)BEAGCGDF (4)②④20.(12分 每空2分)(2)A : BaCl 2 B : AgNO 3 C : CuSO 4 D : Na 2CO 3(3)Cl -+Ag +===AgCl ↓ 2H ++CO 32-===CO 2↑+H 2O21.(8分 每空2分)(1)KHCO 3(2)1.806×1022(3)C (碳)(4)H 2O 2作为绿色氧化剂,还原产物为H 2O ,没有毒性和污染22.(8分)w (HCl )=224L 22.4L·mol 1×36.5g·mol -1635g +224L 22.4L·mol -1×36.5g·mol -1×100%=36.5% c (HCl )1000mL·L -1×1.18g·cm -3×36.5%36.5g·mol-1=11.8mol·L -1 c (稀HCl )=c(浓HCl)·v(浓HCl)v(稀HCl)=11.8mol·L -1×0.010L 1.45L =0. 118mol·L -1-。