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热带农业科技Tropical Agricultural Science &Technology 2023,46(4)：50-53,60化肥减施下橡胶树有机肥替代用量研究杨丽萍，许木果，耿顺军，刘忠妹，丁华平，杨春霞*（云南省热带作物科学研究所，云南景洪666100）摘要摘要：：为实现橡胶树种植化肥减量増效的目的，在云南东风农场橡胶林开展不同有机肥替代化肥用量试验研究。
结果表明：与单施配方肥相比，有机肥替代提高了土壤pH 值及团聚体、有机质、全氮、有效氮含量。
其中，60%配方肥+15kg 有机肥处理的pH、有机质、水解氮、团聚体指标显著高于单施配方肥处理，但有效磷、速效钾含量与单施配方肥处理差异不显著；叶片N、P、K、Mg 养分含量与单施配方肥处理相当；年增产干胶5%，减少配方肥投入144kg ·hm -2。
通过综合评价，推荐60%配方肥+15kg 有机肥为橡胶树有机肥替代化肥的最佳用量。
关键词关键词：：橡胶树；化肥减施；有机肥；叶片养分；土壤理化性状；干胶产量中图分类号：S794.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-450X （2023）04-0050-04The Amount of Organic Fertilizer to Replace the Chemical Fertilizer in Rubber ForestYANG Liping,XU Muguo,GEN Shunjun,LIU Zhongmei,DING Huaping,YANG Chunxia *Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crop,Jinghong 666100,ChinaAbstract:Experiment of organic fertilizers on rubber tree was conducted to study the efficiency from reduction of chemical fertilizer in Dongfeng state-farm,Yunnan.There was obvious increasing in the content of soil pH,aggregates,organic mat-ter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen by using organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer.Among them,pH,organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen and aggregates of 60%formula fertilizer +15kg organic fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than that of single formula fertilizer,but there were no significant differences in available phosphorus,available po-tassium and single formula fertilizer treatment.The nutrient contents of N,P,K and Mg in leaves were equivalent to those of single formula fertilizer,which increased the rubber yield by 5%and decreased the input of formula fertilizer by 144kg·hm -2.According to the research,it is recommended that the optimum amount of chemical replacement is 60%of formu-la fertilizer +15kg organic fertilizer for rubber tree.words Key words:Hevea brasiliensis ;reduce the application of chemical fertilization;organic fertilizer;leaf nutrient;soil physi-cal and chemical properties;dry rubber yield————————————收稿日期：2023-04-03基金项目：云南省财政专项（RF2023-5）；云南省技术创新人才培养项目（202005AD160005）；云南省野外科学观测研究站建设专项（202205AM070004）；云南省院士专家工作站项目（202105AF150017）作者简介：杨丽萍（1980－），女，副研究员，硕士，研究方向为热带作物营养诊断与施肥。
不同肥料对橡胶树GT1品种幼苗生长的影响孙小龙;梁国平;和丽岗【摘要】With raw clay as a control, nine kinds of different fertilizers to study the effects of fertilizers on the growth of Hevea variety GT1 seedlings, the results showed that after 30 days of treatment, no significant effect was found of 10 kinds of different fertilizers on the seedling height, ground diameter, number of lateral roots (≥2 cm), chlorophyll content, as well as net weight of ground and underground, while after 140 days of treatment, the effects of the 10 kinds of different fertilizers on ground diameter, number of lateral roots (≥2 cm), chlorophyll content effects were significant, and the effects on the ground and underground net weight reached a very significant level. In general, I, F and J are the ideal fertilizers for cultivating Hevea varieties GTI seedlings.%以不施用肥料的生红土为对照，使用9种不同配比肥料对橡胶树GT1幼苗进行基肥和后期追肥处理，结果表明：试验进行到30 d时，不同肥料组合对GT1幼苗的株高、地径、主根长、侧根数(≥2cm)、地上净重、地下净重、叶绿素含量的影响不显著；试验进行到140 d时，不同肥料组合对GT1幼苗的地径、主根长、侧根数(≥2cm)、叶绿素含量的影响达到显著水平，对地上净重、地下净重影响达到极显著水平。
基于橡胶林生态系统养分循环指导施肥的效益分析张以山;袁晓军;曹建华【摘要】以橡胶品种无性系PR107﹑RRIM600﹑热研7-33-97为研究对象,借助已研究建立的橡胶树精准施肥决策计算机系统和橡胶林生态系统养分循环试验数据,比较分析了基于橡胶林生态系统养分循环施肥决策系统指导施肥的经济效益和生态效益.结果表明,利用橡胶林生态系统养分循环施肥决策系统进行施肥,能促进天然橡胶增产,土壤有机质含量有所增加,胶园土壤酸化趋势得到减缓,经济效益和生态效益明显.%On the basis of the available precision fertilizing decision system and experimental data, rubber clones PR107, RRIM600 and Reyan 7-33-97 were selected to analyze economic and ecological benefits from their rubber plantations dressed with fertilizer based on the fertilizer recommendation from the nutrient cycle of rubber plantation ecosystem. The results showed that with this decision system for fertilizer recommendation the rubber plantations increased in yield and soil organic content, and mitigated the trend of soil acidification, resulting in obvious economic and ecological benefits.【期刊名称】《热带农业科学》【年(卷),期】2017(037)009【总页数】8页(P26-33)【关键词】橡胶林;养分循环;施肥指导;经济效益;生态效益【作者】张以山;袁晓军;曹建华【作者单位】中国热带农业科学院海南海口 571101;中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所海南儋州 571737;中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所海南儋州 571737【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S794.1作物生长动态模拟通过适当的数学模型来定量描述各个子系统随时间和相应生态环境变化而变化的状态，并预测作物生长发育的未来过程，提供优化管理的决策建议。
水肥滴灌对橡胶树小筒苗接穗部及根部生长与叶片养分的影响周珺;林位夫;王军;蔡明道【摘要】The different type of fertilizer, irrigation quota, irrigation time, irrigation frequency were used in drip irrigation with fertilizer on rubber diminutive poly-tube budding. The result showed that: (1) Solid fertilizer was difficult to be diluted, the fertilizer damage symptoms would appear if the fertilizer wasn t uniformed in drip irrigation. Liquid fertilizer was easy to be dilu-ted, wouldn t block the dropper, contained balanced nutrition, and was safe and reliable. (2) Two groups of drip irrigation with fertilizer system were screened out for rubber diminutive poly-tube budding. The first one was using liquid fertilizer with high frequency of fertilization. Every 3 days 45 mL farm biogas slurry fertilizer would be used in drip irrigation in 60 minutes for each strain of diminutive poly-tube budding. The second one was using less solid fertilizer with suitable application frequency. Every 6 days 0. 5 g conventional compound fertilizer was dissolved and diluted and applied to each strain of diminutive poly-tube budding with drip irrigation in 60 minutes. (3) Applied farm biogas slurry fertilizer with drip irrigation had the best effect to the net growth of scion-portion, root performance and leaves nutrient content.%采用不同的肥料类型、滴灌定额、滴灌时间、滴灌频次对橡胶树小筒苗进行水肥滴灌，结果表明：(1)固体肥难稀释，滴灌不均匀易产生肥害；液体肥易稀释，不堵塞滴管，营养均衡，安全可靠。
橡胶树施肥管理存在的问题及对策探讨随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人喜欢养殖橡胶树。
然而，橡胶树的施肥管理常常出现一些问题，导致生长缓慢、产量低下等问题。
本文将探讨橡胶树施肥管理存在的问题及对策。
问题一：施肥时间不当许多橡胶树种植者常常在橡胶树上施肥时不注意时间，随意浇水、肥料，这会导致橡胶树生长缓慢、枝叶稀疏、产量下降。
橡胶树中缺乏的元素是氮、磷、钾等，除了钾要慎用，氮、磷要大量使用。
肥料要用多次，少量多次。
施肥时间要根据橡胶树的生长阶段，合理安排施肥时间。
对策：适时施肥在橡胶树的生长过程中，施肥是很重要的，适时适量地施肥，可以促进橡胶树的生长发育，提高产量。
在春夏季节，应该多施有机肥，如腐熟的家畜、家禽粪肥、稻草灰等，能够促进橡胶树的生长速度，补充橡胶树所缺乏的元素，提高产量。
问题二：缺乏根除草害的措施橡胶树主要生长在江南的湿地区域，因为橡胶树需要较为湿润的环境来生长。
但是这也导致了草害问题。
草害不仅带来了生长障碍，还会占用水分和养分，导致橡胶树的生长速度缓慢。
缺乏根除草害的措施，就很难将橡胶树种植好。
对策：加强地面管理为了防止草害的产生，橡胶树种植者可以加强地面管理，采取适当的措施，如除草、耕地等，能够有效地减少草害对橡胶树的危害。
问题三：缺乏机械化施肥设备橡胶树种植需要施肥，但是大多数种植者都是手动施肥。
这种施肥方式不仅工作量大，效率低，而且施肥时肥料不均匀，影响橡胶树的生长发育。
对策：引进机械化设备引进机械化设备，是提高施肥效率、均匀施肥、改善橡胶树生产质量的重要手段。
可使用人推肥车、化肥散播车等机械施肥设备，能够提高施肥效率，减轻劳动力负担。
总之，对于橡胶树施肥管理存在的问题，我们需要在适宜的时间施肥，加强地面管理，引进机械化设备等方面加以解决，有效提高橡胶树的生长速度和产量。
海南农垦低产橡胶园施肥改造试验及效益分析
麦全法;林运萍;陈兵;蒋菊生;刘志崴;曹建华
【期刊名称】《中国农学通报》
【年(卷),期】2009(0)22
【摘要】低产胶园已成为制约海南农垦胶园可持续发展的主要原因之一。
对垦区风害引起的低产胶园进行施肥改造,设置5种不同施肥处理,随机3次重复。
两年试验结果显示,增施无机肥均能提高胶乳产量,且增施N、P肥效果>N肥>P肥,分别增产9.8%、7.7%和5.5%;但经济效益则是增施P肥>N肥>N、P肥,平均每公顷增收772.5元、480元和86.5元。
【总页数】5页(P169-173)
【关键词】低产胶园;施肥试验;效益
【作者】麦全法;林运萍;陈兵;蒋菊生;刘志崴;曹建华
【作者单位】中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所;海南大学农学院;海南省农垦科学院【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S59
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氮磷钾不同施肥水平对橡胶草生长发育的影响作者：高玉尧许文天刘实忠来源：《热带作物学报》2017年第02期摘要研究了N、P、K不同施肥水平对不同时期橡胶草主要农艺性状的影响，并对不同施肥水平下不同时期主要农艺性状进行相关性分析。
结果表明，不同施肥处理对不同时期橡胶草的叶长、叶宽、叶形指数等指标的影响程度不同，且均显著高于对照（p关键词橡胶草；施肥；农艺性状；相关性分析；生长发育中图分类号 S7 文献标识码 AAbstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilizer applications （nitrogen and phosphate and kalium）on the agronomic traits of Taraxacum kok-saghyz（TKS）at different growth stage， and their correlation analysis was carried out. The results showed the growth indices of the main agronomic characters including leaf length， leaf width， leaf index and so on were affected at different degrees， and the indices were significantly higher than the control（pKey words Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin； fertilizer； agronomic trait； correlation analysis；growth and developmentdoi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.02.003天然橡胶供需矛盾在全球日益突出，国内天然橡胶自给率逐年下降和过度依赖进口的局面严重影响我国天然橡胶的战略安全[1-2]。
