江苏高中英语任务型阅读二 5篇(附答案)

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't.The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% — until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death.The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well­controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health­related behaviors.二．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·南通高三二调)Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose?In what kinds of situations are you most effective? What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation? People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.Motivational focus affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion­focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion­focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion­focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.The promotion­focused are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think­outside­the­box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.Prevention­focused people, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem­solving skills. While the promotion­minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention­minded to tell the difference between the two.Studies show that prevention­focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.Although everyone is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now. Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very bestchance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”，and so on.Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.四．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”，who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to knowthe local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are alwaysready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e­mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio­economic groups in their own countries.To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep popular with international students.(2014·宿迁高三摸底)Back to School: Why Grit (毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?The back­to­school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It's a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre­preschool and doesn't end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children's grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don't think about enough is how to help our children build their character — how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self­control, which together do more to determine success than S. A．T. scores or I. Q.There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children's school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you're concerned only with a child's G. P. A. , then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles，”the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure — when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they're good at — we are denying them those same character­building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don't know how to overcome them.In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challengethemselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas(8)unclear/vague/ambiguous(9)different(10)understanding二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning(5)creative (6)carelessly/imperfectly (7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing(10)poor/weak三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes(3)appreciating(4)example(5)Forget/Ignore(6)try/do(7)colleagues/others(8)devote(9)patient(10)succeed四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost(6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s) (8)Measures(9)improving/bettering (10)Conclusion五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research(5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep (6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage(10)failure(s)。

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't.The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% —until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death.The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well-controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.二．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·南通高三二调)Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose?In what kinds of situations are you most effective? What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation? People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.Motivational focus affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion-focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion-focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion-focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.The promotion­focused are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think-outside-the-box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.Prevention-focused people, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem-solving skills. While the promotion-minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention-minded to tell the difference between the two.Studies show that prevention-focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.Although everyone is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now. Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very bestchance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”，and so on.Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.四．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicatin g with their “host parents”，who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are alwaysready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep popular with international students.(2014·宿迁高三摸底)Back to School: Why Grit (毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It's a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn't end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children's grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don't think about enough is how to help our children build their character — how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S. A．T. scores or I. Q.There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children's school performance may actually be holdingthem back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you're concerned only with a child's G. P. A. , then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles，”the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure — when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they're good at — we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don't know how to overcome them.In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas(8)unclear/vague/ambiguous(9)different(10)understanding二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning(5)creative (6)carelessly/imperfectly (7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing(10)poor/weak三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes(3)appreciating(4)example(5)Forget/Ignore(6)try/do(7)colleagues/others(8)devote(9)patient(10)succeed四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost(6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s) (8)Measures(9)improving/bettering (10)Conclusion五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research(5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep (6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage(10)failure(s)。

一、高中英语任务型阅读1．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。

选项有两项为多余选项。

Although most parents don't like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child's emotional and mental health. ________It helps to develop children's imagination.Reading bedtime stories can develop your children's ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind.A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. ________It improves children's language.Reading also improves your children's language. ________They'll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better.________Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they learn grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What's more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what's good and what's bad.These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. ________They will thank you in future, I promise.A. It fosters children's affection for reading.B. It makes children knowledgeable.C. Take a look at the best benefits of it and you'll never be lazy to do that.D. So however tired you are, find time to read bedtime stories to your children.E. Bedtime stories create just unforgettable moments.F. They remember most words you say and enlarge their vocabulary.G. They'll be successful in many aspects thanks to a wonderful imagination.【答案】 C；G；F；B；D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't.The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% —until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death.The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well-controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and a higher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.二．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·南通高三二调)Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose?In what kinds of situations are you most effective? What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation? People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.Motivational focus affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion-focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion-focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion-focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.The promotion­focused are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think-outside-the-box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.Prevention-focused people, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem-solving skills. While the promotion-minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention-minded to tell the difference between the two.Studies show that prevention-focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.Although everyone is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now.Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very best chance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”，and so on.Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.四．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”，who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are alwaysready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep popular with international students.(2014·宿迁高三摸底)Back to School: Why Grit (毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It's a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn't end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children's grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don't think about enough is how to help our children build their character — how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S. A．T. scores or I. Q.There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children's school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you're concerned only with a child's G. P. A. , then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of realfailure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles，”the researchers assumed, “could teach e ffective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure — when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they're good at — we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don't know how to overcome them.In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas(8)unclear/vague/ambiguous(9)different(10)understanding二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning(5)creative (6)carelessly/imperfectly (7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing(10)poor/weak三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes(3)appreciating(4)example(5)Forget/Ignore(6)try/do(7)colleagues/others(8)devote(9)patient(10)succeed四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost(6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s) (8)Measures(9)improving/bettering (10)Conclusion五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research(5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep (6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage(10)failure(s)。

苏州市高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目(附答案)一、高中英语任务型阅读1．任务型阅读Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles. By knowing how other members of your learn and organization think---and by others knowing how you think—everyone can be more productive. So how should you evaluate how you and your team think? After a lot of trial-and-error, we developed a three-step method that delivers practical and meaningful results.Focus. Do you tend to pay the most attention to ideas, process, action, or relationships? For example, in the morning do you think about the problems you need to solve, the plans you need to make, the actions you need to take, or the people you need to see? This isn't about picking one to the exclusion(排除)of the other. It's about where your focus naturally lands.Orientation(方向). A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings. Are you more likely to complain about getting dragged into the weeds or about things being too general and not specific enough? These dimensions are complementary(补充的)to personality, skills, and traditional roles.Combination. By combing these two dimensions you can know about the thinking style at work in whatever context or setting you chose. When you know your thinking style, you know what naturally energizes you, why certain type of problems are challenging or boring, and what you can do to improve in areas that are important to reaching your goals. Once you know your style, it helps to share it with others, and have others share theirs with you. In this way, your thinking style becomes a useful tool---a kind of social currency---for the team. Imaging you put together a team to work on a new initiative(行动). Wouldn't you like to know who is energized by big-picture strategy discussions and who finds them frustrating? Who likes to work on the details of the execution? And who is energized by managing the team dynamics?The landscape of business is changing rapidly, and we have to find new and better ways to connect and communicate. We all want to work better together, the challenge is actually making it happen. Understanding collaboration(合作)through the way of thinking rather than doing is a practical and powerful step forward.【答案】equally；improve/increase；evaluating；thinking；choice；whether；combine；contributes/leads；Conclusion；how【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，正如今天的团队成员分配的角色一样，也应该有思考的角色，两者同样重要。

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇一．Ⅲ任务型阅读(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die — even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate. Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections. To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness. The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't. The The researchers researchers researchers then then then explored explored explored the the the connection connection connection between between between loneliness loneliness loneliness itself itself itself and and and death. death. Intense Intense loneliness loneliness loneliness also also appeared appeared to to to raise raise raise the the the risk risk of of death death death by by by 26% 26% 26% —— until until the team the team took took into into into account account account a host a host of of other other other factors factors factors linked linked linked to to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death. The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help. Other Other researchers researchers researchers praise praise praise the the the new new new work work work as as as rigorous rigorous rigorous ((严密的) ) and and and well-well-well-controlled. controlled. controlled. But But But they they they say say say it's it's it's far far far from from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate. Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University University of of of Chicago Chicago Chicago in in in Illinois, Illinois, Illinois, have have have shown shown shown a a a link link link between between between loneliness loneliness loneliness and and and a a a higher higher higher death death death rate. rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too. Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors. Dangers of Isolation Passage outline Supporting details The finding of a new study and its impact •Social isolation may (1)________ older people's risk of death. •More (2)________ is caused over older people's higher death rate. The differences •Social isolation means that people hardly (3)________ with others or stay between social isolation and loneliness alone.•Loneliness means that people are not satisfied with their social connections or (4)________ lonely. The conclusion of the research •The isola on actually led to a greater risk of dying, but (5)________ itself couldn't cause the higher death rate. •The cause of higher death rate might lie in their lack of good care and mely (6)________．The (7)________ of other researchers •It was still (8)________ that social isolation rather than loneliness is the real cause of higher death rate.•Cultural differences between Britons and Americans might explain the (9)________ result of the study by John Cacioppo.•There is still a long way to go before (10)________ how those two factors affect one another. promotion-promotion-minded minded minded bring bring bring lots lots lots of of of ideas, ideas, ideas, good good good and and and bad, bad, bad, it it it often often often takes takes takes someone someone someone prevention-prevention-prevention-minded minded minded to to to tell tell tell the the difference between the two. Studies show that prevention-focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional “conventional and and and realistic” realistic” realistic” work, work, work, as as as administrators, administrators, administrators, bookkeepers, bookkeepers, bookkeepers, accountants, accountants, accountants, technicians, technicians, technicians, and and and manufacturing manufacturing workers. These occupations require require knowledge knowledge knowledge of of of rules rules rules and and and regulations, careful regulations, careful performance, performance, and a and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off. Although Although everyone everyone everyone is is is concerned concerned concerned at at at various various various times times times with with with both both both promotion promotion promotion and and and prevention, prevention, prevention, most most most of of of us us us have have have a a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally. 三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation. Let Let me me me explain. explain. explain. Most of Most of us us see our present see our present situation as a stepping stepping stone stone stone that that that we we we use use use simply simply simply as as as a a means means of of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journeyand not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way. Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead. What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, attitude, such such such as as as stopping stopping stopping complaining complaining complaining and and and becoming becoming becoming a a a more more more devoted devoted devoted and and and supportive supportive supportive employee. employee. employee. By By By doing doing doing our our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion. So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are nowDo Do the the the best best best and be and be the the best best best we we possibly possibly can can in in our our our current current current situations, situations, situations, and and and we we we will will will give give give ourselves ourselves ourselves the the the very very very best best chance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”， and so on. Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day. Title Focus on the present Theme To (1)________ our goals, we should focus on what we have and where we are now. Common (2)________ •We do not focus on our present situation.•Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone to our final destination. •We do not spend the time truly (3)________ where we are today and what we already have in our lives. An (4)________ •(5)________ the thought of getting promoted. What we should do is to (6)________ our best to do our current job.•To be the best in our current job, we should get further education, work harder than (7)________， stop complaining and (8)________ ourselves to our job. Conclusion If we are (9)________， grateful for what we have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can, we can not only (10)________ in the future, but also enjoy our life every day. 四．Ⅲ任务型阅读(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time. Host Host family family family accommodation accommodation accommodation remains remains remains popular popular popular among among among international international international students. students. students. It It It is is is the the the most most most economical economical economical and and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”， who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and Title：Host Family Accommodation (1)______ Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a full member of the host family, eating together and sharing the living areas with the hosts. (2)______ Language study Students learn the language faster because they have enough me to (3)________ with their “host parents”．Cultural commu-nication It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local (4) ________，people and culture. (5)________ of accommodation Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost. Problems Loss of the selling point Hosts (6)________ enough time to communicate with students. Rise in (7)________ Students are demanding more from their host families. (8)______ taken Improvement of service quality Hosts are (9)________ living conditions. They are offering students structured activities. (10)______ Host family accommodation will keep popular with international students. 五．Ⅲ.任务型阅读Back to School: Why Grit Is More Important than Good Grades？Common phenomena •Parents throughout America (1)________ their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. •Many American parents don't (2)________ enough importance to their kids' character building. The writer's (3)________ •Parents should pay more attention to their kids' character building. Evidence and(4)_______ _ findings •Parents' anxiety about their kids' performance may (5)________ them from learning some valuable skills. • Parents concerned only with a kid's G．P. A. have a (6)________ to minimize the challenges the child faces. •Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are (7)________ and more confident than those who haven't. • Denying kids character-building experiences can (8)________in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood. The writer's suggestions •(9)________ kids to be risk-takers. •Give kids room to experience (10)________. 一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas(8)unclear/vague/ambiguous(9)different(10)understanding 二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning(5)creative (6)carelessly/imperfectly(7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing(10)poor/weak三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes(3)appreciating(4)example(5)Forget/Ignore (6)try/do(7)colleagues/others(8)devote(9)patient(10)succeed 四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost(6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s)(8)Measures(9)improving/bettering(10)Conclusion 五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research(5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep (6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage(10)failure(s) 。

江苏省沭阳高级中学最新高考英语任务型阅读复习题(含答案)一、高中英语任务型阅读1．任务型阅读Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.The Indoor PollutionIndoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.The Outdoor pollutionResearchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.／results／effects；Factors；caused/ increased；Besides；remain/ stay；increased/ increasing；harmful；prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了哮喘产生的原因，从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。

江苏高考英语真题任务型阅读Since the reform in 2017, the National College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao) in Jiangsu Province, China, has adopted a new format, including a section called "任务型阅读" (task-based reading). This section aims to test students' ability to understand and analyze information, as well as their reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will explore the format of the Jiangsu Gaokao "任务型阅读" section and provide some tips for effective preparation.The "任务型阅读" section of the Jiangsu Gaokao consists of several passages, each followed by a set of questions. Candidates are required to read the passages carefully and answer the questions based on the information provided. This section assesses students' ability to identify key information, make inferences, and draw conclusions from the text.To excel in the "任务型阅读" section, students should adopt a systematic approach. Here are some tips to help you with your preparation:1. Skim the passage: Before diving into the questions, take a quick look at the passage to get a general idea of the content. Pay attention to the title, headings, and any diagrams or charts that may accompany the text. Skimming the passage helps you establish a mental framework and enables you to grasp the main idea more effectively.2. Read the questions carefully: After skimming the passage, carefully read the questions to understand what information you need to look for. Underline or highlight keywords or phrases in the questions to guide youduring your reading. This step will help you stay focused and avoid being overwhelmed by the amount of text.3. Read the passage in detail: Now it's time to read the passage thoroughly. Pay attention to the details and take note of any relevant information that can help you answer the questions. It may be helpful to annotate the text by underlining or circling key points, connecting ideas with arrows, or writing brief summaries next to paragraphs.4. Answer the questions strategically: Once you have finished reading the passage, go back to the questions and answer them one by one. Start with the questions that you find the easiest, as this will boost your confidence and save time. For questions that require you to refer back to the text, make sure to locate the relevant information accurately.5. Check your answers: Before submitting your answer sheet, take the time to review your answers. Make sure each answer is supported by the information in the passage and that you have provided clear and concise responses. Pay attention to spelling, grammar, and punctuation, as errors in these areas can cost you valuable marks.Remember, practice makes perfect. To perform well in the "任务型阅读" section of the Jiangsu Gaokao, it is crucial to practice regularly. Familiarize yourself with the format and types of questions typically asked in this section. Pay attention to your speed and accuracy, and gradually improve your reading comprehension skills through consistent effort.In conclusion, the "任务型阅读" section of the Jiangsu Gaokao assesses students' ability to comprehend and analyze text. By adopting a systematicapproach, carefully reading the passage, strategically answering the questions, and reviewing your answers, you can confidently tackle this section and achieve success in the Jiangsu Gaokao. Good luck!。

江苏高中英语任务型阅读5篇一．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·淮安调研)You say you want to be alone? Think again. Researchers have found that older people with fewer human contacts are more likely to die —even if they're happy in their isolation (孤立状态) — than people with richer social lives. The study adds to the debate over whether loneliness, social isolation, or some combination of the two leads to higher death rate.Social isolation is an objective condition in which people have little communication with others. Loneliness, on the other hand, is an emotional state felt by people who are dissatisfied with their social connections.To find out the effects of being alone versus (比对) just feeling lonely, Steptoe of University College London and his colleagues examined data from 6,500 Britons aged 50 and up who had filled out questionnaires evaluating their levels of loneliness.The most socially isolated subjects had a 26% greater risk of dying, even when sex, age, and other factors linked to survival were taken into account, the researchers report online today. They then made changes about their model to determine whether the connection to death was due to the fact that isolated people are often lonely. It wasn't.The researchers then explored the connection between loneliness itself and death. Intense loneliness also appeared to raise the risk of death by 26% — until the team took into account a host of other factors linked to survival, including wealth, education, and the presence of health problems. Once their impact had been explained, the scientists discovered that loneliness on its own didn't make people more vulnerable (脆弱的) to death.The researchers suspect that older people who have few social ties may not be getting the care they need. No one is urging them to eat right or take their medicine, and in a crisis no one is there to help.Other researchers praise the new work as rigorous (严密的) and well-controlled. But they say it's far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.Other studies, including an analysis of older Americans led by John Cacioppo, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, have shown a link between loneliness and ahigher death rate. Cacioppo suspects that the disagreement between his study and the new research could lie with cultural differences between Steptoe's British subjects and Americans, and that Britons and Americans may define friends differently, too.Health psychologist Bert Uchino of the University of Utah praises the new study, but he says that researchers are still far from understanding how those two factors affect one another and other health-related behaviors.二．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·南通高三二调)Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose?In what kinds of situations are you most effective? What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation? People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.Motivational focus affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion-focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion-focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion-focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.The promotion-focused are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think-outside-the-box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.Prevention-focused people, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem-solving skills. While the promotion-minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention-minded to tell the difference between the two.Studies show that prevention-focused individuals are likely to take up what organizationalpsychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness —they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.Although everyone is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.三．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州五市四区高三月考) Goals are the guides all through our life. We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don't take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.Let's use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to thebest of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now. Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very best chance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn't built in a day.” “Patience is a virtue.”，and so on.Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.四．Ⅲ.任务型阅读(2014·苏州高三调研)Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practice English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”， who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students' expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep popular with international students.(2014·宿迁高三摸底)Back to School: Why Grit (毅力) Is More Important than Good Grades?The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids' backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It's a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-preschool and doesn't end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than theyneed to be about their children's grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don't think about enough is how to help our children build their character — how to help them develop skills like perseverance, grit, optimism, conscientiousness, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S. A．T. scores or I. Q.There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children's school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you're concerned only with a child's G. P. A. , then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles，” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skill s, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure — when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they're good at — we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don't know how to overcome them.In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.一．Ⅲ.(1)increase/raise(2)debate(3)communicate(4)feel(5)loneliness(6)help (7)opinions/views/ideas (8)unclear/vague/ambiguous (9)different (10)understanding二．Ⅲ.(1)Purpose/Aim(2)based(3)performance(4)accumulating/achieving/earning (5)creative(6)carelessly/imperfectly (7)responsibility(8)risk(9)analyzing (10)poor/weak三．Ⅲ.(1)achieve/reach(2)mistakes (3)appreciating (4)example (5)Forget/Ignore(6)try/do (7)colleagues/others (8)devote (9)patient (10)succeed四．Ⅲ.(1)Definition(2)Advantages/Benefits(3)communicate(4)lifestyle(5)Cost (6)lack/haven't (7)expectation(s) (8)Measures (9)improving/bettering (10)Conclusion五．Ⅲ.(1)load (2)attach(3)view/opinion(4)research (5)discourage/prevent/hinder/stop/keep(6)tendency(7)happier(8)result(9)Encourage (10)failure(s)。

专题10—任务型阅读1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figu re is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest inpoorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work forc e could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a t rack record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.71. 【答案】lower【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。