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初一英语助动词知识点归纳总结助动词是英语中的一类特殊词性，用于与其他动词共同构成各种时态、语态、情态等。
在初一英语学习中，助动词是一个重要的知识点。
本文将对初一英语中的助动词进行归纳总结，以帮助同学们更好地掌握和运用这一知识。
1. 助动词的定义和作用助动词（Auxiliary Verb）是一类辅助性动词，一般用于构成各种时态、语态、情态等，帮助主要动词表达不同的语义。
助动词在句子中没有具体意义，但起到连接词和语法功能的作用。
它可以帮助改变动词的时态、语态、情态等。
2. be 助动词be 助动词用于构成进行时态和被动语态，根据主语的单复数和人称变化。
be 助动词的形式包括 am、is、are。
例如：- 现在进行时：I am studying.（我正在学习。
）- 现在进行时：He is playing soccer.（他正在踢足球。
）- 现在进行时：They are watching TV.（他们正在看电视。
）- 被动语态：The book is read by her.（这本书被她阅读了。
）- 被动语态：The cat is fed by me.（这只猫被我喂了。
）3. have 助动词have 助动词用于构成完成时态和完成进行时态。
have 助动词的形式包括 have、has 和 had。
例如：- 完成时态：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。
）- 完成时态：She has eaten lunch.（她已经吃过午饭了。
）- 完成时态：They had gone to school when I arrived.（当我到达时，他们已经去学校了。
）- 完成进行时态：I have been studying English for two hours.（我已经学习英语两个小时了。
）4. do 助动词do 助动词用于否定句、疑问句和强调句中，通常与实义动词连用。
助动词知识点总结助动词（auxiliary verb）是指在构成谓语时，与实义动词连用构成谓语的一类动词。
助动词可以帮助说明动作的进行、完成、可能性、必然性等情况。
在英语语法中，助动词是非常重要的一部分，它们在句子中起着关键的作用，帮助我们表达时间、方式、情态等内容。
因此，理解和掌握助动词的使用是学习英语语法的重要一环。
一、助动词的分类1. Be 动词：am, is, are, was, were, being, beenBe 动词主要用于表示主语状态、性质、特征的变化，以及主语动作、行为的时间、地点、原因、结果等情况，具有相对固定的搭配。
例如：He is running.他正在跑步。
2. Do 动词：do, does, didDo 动词用于构成一般现在时、一般过去时以及疑问句和否定句。
例如：She does her homework every day.她每天做作业。
3. Have 动词：have, has, hadHave 动词用于构成现在完成时、过去完成时等时态，也可表示某种关系或存在的状态。
例如：I have finished my work.我已经完成了工作。
4. 情态动词：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would情态动词通常用于表示可能性、必要性、愿望等情态。
它们具有一定的情态义，因此在句子中的位置和用法也有特殊的规则。
例如：You should study harder.你应该更努力地学习。
二、助动词的功能1. 构成时态：助动词与实义动词的搭配可以构成各种时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
助动词的不同搭配可以帮助我们表达不同的时间情况。
2. 构成疑问句和否定句：除了帮助构成时态外，助动词还可以帮助构成疑问句和否定句。
在构成疑问句时，助动词通常位于句首，并与实义动词调换位置；在构成否定句时，助动词通常与 not 搭配构成否定形式。
助动词详解及用法助动词（Auxiliary Verb）助动词用来构成时态和语态。
助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。
它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（does是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)情态助动词情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better后接原形不定词。
情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。
3.两个情态助动词不能连用。
中文:他将能够及时完成此事。
(误)He will can finish it......基本助动词基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
例如He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里do(does, did) 的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。
How did you know about it? 你是怎样知道这件事的。
（2）加强语气Do come and see us. 一定来看我们。
He did tell that. 他的确告诉了此事。
（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。
-You like popular music, don‘t you? 你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？-Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。
He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。
(4) 构成否定的祈使句。
Auxiliary VerbsAuxiliary Verbs are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive.The verb "be"The verb be can be used as an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb for compound tenses and the passive voice. Note that be is an irregular verb: Simple Present:I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they areSimple Past:I/he/she/it was, we/you/they werePast Participle:beenYou can tell that in the following sentences be is an auxiliary because it is followed by another verb (the full verb). (For progressive forms use the "-ing" form of the full verb; for passive voice, use the past participle of the full verb.)Progressive FormsPresent Progressive:He is playing football.Past Progressive:He was playing football.Present Perfect Progressive:He has been playing football.Past Perfect Progressive:He had been playing football.PassiveSimple Present/Past:The house is/was built.Present/Past Perfect:The house has/had been built.Future I:"be" as a full verbThe verb be can also be a full verb. In this case, it's not followed by another verb. If be is used as a full verb, we do not need an auxiliary in negative sentences or questions.positive sentence:They are fifteen years old.negative sentence:They are not fifteen years old.question:Are they fifteen years old?The verb "have"The verb have, too, can be used both as an auxiliary and as a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb to form compound tenses in active and passive voice. (Use the past participle of the full verb.)Compound Tenses - Active VoicePresent Perfect Simple:He has played football.Past Perfect Simple:He had played football.Present Perfect Progressive:He has been playing football.Past Perfect Progressive:He had been playing football.Compound Tenses - Passive VoicePresent/Past Perfect:The house has/had been built.Note that have is an irregular verb, too:Simple Present:I/we/you/they have, he/she/it hasSimple Past:I/he/she/it/we/you/they hadPast Participle:had"have" in positive sentencesAs a full verb have indicates possession. In British English, however, we usually use have got (have being the auxiliary, got the full verb).full verb:I have a car.auxiliary verb:I have got a car."have" in negative sentences and questionsWhen we use have as a full verb, we must use the auxiliary do in negative sentences and questions. If we use have got, however, we do not need another auxiliary.have as a full verb:I do not have a car.Do I have a car?The verb "will"The verb will can only be used as an auxiliary. We use it to form the future tenses. The auxiliary verb "will"Future I:He will not play football.Future II:He will have played football.The verb will remains the same for all forms (no "s" for 3rd person singular). The short form for negative sentences is won't.'Examples:I will, he willI will not = I won'tThe verb "do"The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)The auxiliary "do" in negative sentencesSimple Present:He does not play football.Simple Past:He did not play football.The auxiliary "do" in questionsSimple Present:Does he play football?Simple Past:Did he play football?The verb do is irregular:Simple Present:I/we/you/they do, he/she/it doesSimple Past:I/he/she/it/we/you/they didThe full verb "do"As a full verb we use do in certain expressions. If we want to form negative sentences or questions using do as a full verb, we need another do as an auxiliary.positive sentence:She does her homework every day.negative sentence:She doesn't do her homework every day.question:Does she do her homework every day?Sentences without the auxiliary "do"In the following cases, the auxiliary do is not used in negative sentences/questions:the full verb is "be"Example:I am not angry. / Are you okay?the sentence already contains another auxiliary (e.g. have, be, will)Example: They are not sleeping. / Have you heard that?the sentence contains a modal verb (can, may, must, need, ought to, shall, should)Example: We need not wait. / Can you repeat that, please?the question asks for the subject of the sentenceExample: Who sings that song?Exercises on Auxiliary VerbsAuxiliary VerbsExercise 1Is the bold verb an auxiliary or a full verb?1.I am hungry. full verb2.They will help you. auxiliary verb3.We do not know his address. auxiliary verb4.My friend Amy does a lot of sports. full verb5.How much is it? full verb6.I am reading an interesting book at the moment. auxiliary verb7.Will you be there? auxiliary verb8.She has never been to London. auxiliary verb9.Does he speak English? auxiliary verb10.They have a cat and a dog. full verbExercise 2Is the bold verb an auxiliary or a full verb?1.Dad is working in the garden. auxiliary verb2.We do the shopping once a week. full verb3.These students never have classes on Fridays. full verb4.What do you do for a living? auxiliary verb5.The kids were dancing to the music. auxiliary verb6.Did you see him? auxiliary verb7.The door is closed. auxiliary verb8.Where have you been? auxiliary verb9.My parents are on holiday. full verb10.I had just finished my breakfast when the phone rang. auxiliary verbExercise 3Complete each sentence with the correct auxiliary verb.1.What have you done?2.I do not like this song.3.Does she know that you are here?4.The lesson has not started yet.5.Do you drink milk?6.Who has eaten my biscuits?7.It does not matter.8.They do not want to play outside.9.We have not seen you for a long time.10.My friend has sent me some photos.Exercise 4Complete each sentence with the correct auxiliary verb.1.The train has just arrived.2.Do you understand?3.They have been learning English for two years.4.Have you heard that?5.My uncle does not eat fish.6.I do not live here.7.Has anybody rung up for me?8.She does not play the piano.9.How do we get there?10.Where does he live?Exercise 5Complete each sentence with the correct auxiliary verb.1.Do you usually send postcards home when you are on holiday?2.I am not working today.3.has she given you the book yet?4.The boy is playing with his toys.5.I have not seen that film yet.6.Who has told you to do this?7.Where does he go to school?8.What are you doing at the moment?9.Amy does not go by bus very often.10.Marc has never travelled by plane before.Exercise 6Complete each sentence with the correct auxiliary verb.1.What did you do last Friday?2.When her father came home, she was talking on the phone.3.When I arrived at the party, Jane had already gone home.4.Where were you born?5.I was tired in the morning because I had not slept very well the night before.6.He did not tell me the truth.7.The street was closed because of an accident.8.Where did you want to go?9.When she had done her homework, she went out with her friends.10.We were watching TV when the phone suddenly rang.Exercise 7Rewrite the following sentences in the negative. Use the same tenses as in the positive sentences.1.I drink coffee. → I do not drink coffee.2.He is hungry. → He is not hungry.3.She has been busy. → She has not been busy.4.I wrote a letter. → I did not write a letter.5.He speaks English. → He does not speak English.6.They are friendly. → They are not friendly.7.We will go home now. → We will not go home now.8.I am going to study harder. → I am not going to study harder.9.They danced a lot. → They did not dance a lot.10.Mary plays the guitar. → Mary does not play the guitar.Exercise 8Write negative sentences in the tenses given in brackets. Decide whether or not to use an auxiliary.1.We do not eat meat.2.He did not send the parcel.3.They will not help you.4.She has not seen us.5.The car was not stolen.6.They are not reading.7.The room has not been cleaned.8.You were not doing your homework.9.The test will not be written.10.He does not go to school by bike.Exercise 9Write questions in the tenses given in brackets. Decide whether or not to use an auxiliary.1.Do you know this girl?2.Who said that?3.Why does she want to do this?4.Has he gone home?5.Will she come to our party?6.Did they travel by train?7.Have they bought the present?8.Are you sleeping?9.Were they there?10.Where is he from?Exercise 10Write questions in the tenses given in brackets. Decide whether or not to use an auxiliary.1.Have you read that book?2.Does he live in London?3.What will you do?4.Did I hurt you?5.Do they work in a factory?6.Has he helped you?7.Are you busy?8.What music will be played?9.Were the sailors rescued?10.Has the tree been cut?。
助动词归纳总结助动词，英文为"auxiliary verb"，是指在句子中用来帮助主要动词表达其时态、语态、情态、否定等语法意义的一类词语。
助动词在英语中起到了非常重要的作用，因此对于学习和掌握助动词的用法具有重要意义。
本文将对助动词进行归纳总结，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用助动词。
一、时态助动词（Tense Auxiliary Verbs）1. be动词（be verbs）- am, is, are, was, werebe动词用来表达主语的状态或正在进行的动作，具体使用根据句子的时态和主语的人称来确定。
2. do动词（do verbs）- do, does, diddo动词有两个主要的用法：一是用来帮助构成肯定句、否定句和疑问句，二是用于强调句型。
3. have动词（have verbs）- have, has, hadhave动词在英语中有多种用法，主要用于表达已经发生的动作或状态，或者作为情态动词表达某种程度或强调。
二、情态助动词（Modal Auxiliary Verbs）情态助动词是一类用来表达说话人的推测、能力、义务、愿望等情态的动词。
以下是英语中常见的情态助动词：1. can - can用于表达能力、许可、请求等意义，表示某种能力或者许可的可能性。
2. could - could表示过去某个时间或某种情况下的能力、权力或能够实现某种愿望。
3. may - may表示允许、可能性、推测等。
4. might - might用于表示推测、假设、婉约等。
5. must - must表示必要性、肯定性、推断等，用于表达说话人的主观判断或推测。
6. shall - shall一般用于第一人称中，表示征求建议、提议、命令等。
7. should - should用于表示某种义务、推测、建议等。
8. will - will表示未来、意愿、承诺等。
9. would - would表示过去的习惯、假设等。
第六篇助動詞1第六篇 助動詞 (Auxiliary Verb)
主動詞之前形成動詞的否定、疑問、時態、語法、語態或表示特殊意義的動詞稱為助動詞。
如：
am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought, need, dare, used和had better。
1. 助動詞的分類——為了便於說明起見，本書將助動詞分成兩類：
1. 兼用助動詞——既可作助動詞用又可作主動詞用的動詞稱為兼用助動
詞。
計有am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, need, dare, used。
助動詞 主動詞
(1) She is reading the newspaper. She is a teacher.
(她在看報。
) (她是教員。
)
(2) She does not speak English. She does her work carefully.
(她不講英語。
) (她工作很仔細。
)
(3) We have to eat to live. I have a cold.
(我們必須為生而食。
) (我感冒。
)
(4) You needn’t wait for me. You need a new coat.
(你不必等我。
) (你需要一件新外套。
)
(5) Dare you swim across? I dare you to do it!
(你敢不敢游過去？) (量你也不敢！)
(6) We used to live here. We used a knife to cut it.
(我們過去住在這裡。
) (我們用小刀切的。
)
2.專用助動詞——只可作助動詞用不可作主動詞用的動詞稱為專用助動
詞。
計有：
shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought, had better。
如：
(1) She can speak English well. (她英文說得很好。
)
(2) This popular song may be heard everywhere.
(這首流行歌曲到處聽得到。
)
(3) Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
(這類事情不該被許可，對不對？)
2.過去形助動詞未必指過去—— 可能是指現在或未來。
2
除了上下文顯示出是談到過去的事情外，過去形的助動詞(如could, might, would, should)都不是指過去，而是指現在或未來。
如：
(1) A: Could ( or May, Might ) I use your pen? (我可不可以用一下你的筆？)
B: Certainly ( or Yes, certainly, Of course, Yes, of course ). (當然可以。
) Could I和May I同樣很有禮貌，後者多用於正式的場合。
Might 比較少用。
也可用Can I, 是比較不拘禮的用語，多用於很熟的人之間。
比較：I could swim when I was young. (我年輕的時候會游泳。
)
(2) A: Would ( or Will, Could, Can ) you pass me the sugar?
(請你把糖遞給我好嗎？)
Would you? 比Will you? 稍微有禮貌一點，但不一定如此，說話時的語調也有關係。
Could you? 和Would you? 相似，但有時候Could
you除了請托之外，還帶有“可不可能＂的含義。
Can you? 是不必拘
禮的用語。
B: Yes, I’d be happy ( glad ) to. (好的，我很樂意。
)
回答Can you? 時，用Certainly ( Sure )已足。
sure是美語，英語用surely。
茲將各助動詞分別說明如下：
一、Do
1. 作助動詞用——本身沒有意義，但在文法上具有以下的作用：
1. 形成疑問句與否定句：
沒有其他助動詞的一般動詞必須用do才能形成疑問句 (Do＋主詞＋主動詞…？) 或否定句(主詞＋do not＋主動詞…)。
如：
(1)During their 25th wedding anniversary, a wife reminded her husband:
“Do you remember when you proposed to me, I was so overwhelmed
that I didn’t talk for an hour?”
(在二十五結婚週年紀念時，一位太太提醒她的丈夫：「你還記得你向
我求婚的那天，我被深深感動得無法說話長達一小時？」)
The husband replied: “Yes, honey, that was the happiest hour of my
life.”
(丈夫回答：「記得，親愛的，那是我一生中最快樂的時光。
」—— 結
婚後這位太太一定是嘮嘮叨叨煩死了！)
第六篇助動詞3
(2)Teacher: Kid, your essay on “My Dog” is exactly the same as your
brother’s. Did you copy from him?
(老師：「小子，你寫的作文『我的狗』和你哥哥的（作文）完全相同。
你是不是抄他的？」)
Student: No, teacher, it’s about the same dog!
(學生：「不是，老師，那篇作文(和我哥哥的) 談的是同一隻狗！」) (3) You love her, I know. Does she love you, I wonder?
(你愛她，我知道。
她愛不愛你？我懷疑。
)
(4)I love her deeply, but she doesn’t love me at all.
(我深深地愛她，可是她一點也不愛我。
)
(5)Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill.
(不要把小丘當成高山。
—— 不要小題大作。
)
(6)Don’t wash your dirty laundry in public.
(不要在公開的場合洗你們的髒衣服。
—— 家醜不可外揚。
)
(7) Didn’t she tell you that she didn’t love you?
(她沒有告訴你她不愛你？)
(8) A: Why do you close your eyes while playing the piano?
(你彈鋼琴的時候為什麼把眼睛閉起來？)
B: I can’t see the agony of the audience.
(我不能眼看著觀眾那種痛苦的樣子。
)
(9) Bob was weeping at a grave, “Why did you die? Why did you die? Your
death ruined my life.”
(鮑伯在一個墳墓前哭訴，「你為什麼死？你為什麼死？你的死毀了我的一生。
」)
Mark: For whom do you mourn deeply? A child? A parent? Wife? or Girlfriend ?
(馬克：你是因為誰而悲痛欲絕？為了小孩？為了父或母？為了妻子？還是為了女友？)
Bob: My wife’s first husband!
(鮑伯：為了我老婆的第一任丈夫！—— 他若不死，她就不會嫁給我，我的日子就不會這麼苦啊！)
(10) A teacher is talking to a student.
Teacher: Did your father help you with your homework?
(老師：你爸爸有沒有幫你做功課？)。
