附录(中英文翻译)格式

1（空一格）×××××（章名称）（小三号、黑体、居中）1.1×××（四号、黑体、顶格）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××（正文，小四号、宋体）1.2×××（四号、黑体、顶格）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××（正文，小四号、宋体）1.2.1×××（小四号、宋体，加粗、顶格）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××（正文，小四号、宋体）（空一行）2×××××2.1×××（四号黑体）×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××……参考文献（四号、黑体、顶格）（另起一页）[1]······[2]······附录X：(三号黑体，居左顶格，X表示1，2或一，二等)（另起一页）×××××（小四号宋体，行距18磅，下同）××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××致谢（另起一页）（“致谢”二字中间空两格、四号字、黑体、居中。

附件5 论文及外文翻译写作格式样例附录1 内封格式示例（设置成小二号字，空3行）我国居民投资理财现状及发展前景的研究（黑体，加粗，小二，居中，空2行）The Research on Status and Future of Inhabitants’Investment and Financial Management in China （Times New Roman体，加粗，小二，居中，实词首字母大写，空5行）院系经济与管理学院（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）专业公共事业管理（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）班级 6408101 （宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）学号 200604081010 （宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）姓名李杰（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）指导教师张芸（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）职称副教授（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）负责教师（宋体，四号，首行缩进6字符）（空7行）沈阳航空航天大学（宋体，四号，居中）2010年6月（宋体，四号，居中）附录2 摘要格式示例（设置成三号，空2行）摘要（黑体，加粗，三号，居中，两个字之间空两格）（空1行）我国已经步入经济全球化发展的21世纪，随着市场经济的快速增长和对外开放的进一步深化，我国金融市场发生了巨大的变化。

一方面，投资理财所涉及到的领域越来越广，不仅仅是政府、企业、社会组织进行投资理财，居民也逐步进入到金融市场中，开始利用各种投资工具对个人、家庭财产进行打理，以达到资产保值、增值，更好的用于消费、养老等的目的；另一方面，我国居民投资理财观念逐渐趋于成熟化、理性化；同时，其投资理财工具以及方式手段亦越来越向多元化、完善化发展。

本论文以我国居民投资理财为研究对象，综合运用现代经济学、金融学和管理学的理论；统计学、概率学的方法和工具，主要对我国居民投资理财的历史演变、发展现状、意识观念、存在的问题和主要投资理财工具进行了分析和探讨，并提出了改善和促进我国居民理财现状的对策和建议，指出了普通居民合理化投资理财的途径。

附件1Annex 1确认与验证Qualification and Validation（征求意见稿）(Draft for Comments)第一章范围Chapter One Scope第一条本附录适用于《药品生产质量管理规范》中涉及的所有确认与验证活动。

Article 1 This appendix applies to all qualification and validation activities involved in Good Manufacturing Practice.第二章原则Chapter Two Principles第二条企业应当确定需要进行的确认或验证工作，以证明有关操作的关键要素能够得到有效控制。

确认和验证的范围和程度应根据风险评估的结果确认。

确认与验证应当贯穿于产品生命周期的全过程。

Article 2 A manufacturer should determine the required qualification or validation activities to prove that the critical aspects of relevant operations can be effectively controlled. The scope and extent of qualification and validation should be determined based on risk assessment results. Qualification and validation activities should be throughout the entire life cycle of a product.第三章验证计划Chapter Three Validation Plan第三条所有的确认与验证活动都应当事先计划。

确认与验证的关键要素都应在验证总计划或同类文件中详细说明。

外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文中文翻译格式：
标题：将外文标题翻译成中文，可以在括号内标明外文标题
摘要：将外文摘要翻译成中文，包括问题陈述、研究目的、方法、结果和结论等内容。

关键词：将外文关键词翻译成中文。

引言：对外文论文引言进行翻译，概述问题的背景、重要性和研究现状。

方法：对外文论文方法部分进行翻译，包括研究设计、数据采集和分析方法等。

结果：对外文论文结果部分进行翻译，介绍研究结果和统计分析等内容。

讨论：对外文论文讨论部分进行翻译，对研究结果进行解释和评价。

结论：对外文论文结论部分进行翻译，总结研究的主要发现和意义。

附录：如果外文论文有附录部分，需要进行翻译并按照指定的格式进行排列。

文献综述模板格式：
标题：文献综述标题
引言：对文献综述的背景、目的和方法进行说明。

综述内容：按照时间、主题或方法等进行分类，对相关文献进行综述，可以分段进行描述。

讨论：对综述内容进行解释和评价，概括主要研究成果和趋势。

结论：总结文献综述，概括主要发现和意义。

要求说明：
1.外文中文翻译要准确无误，语句通顺流畅，做到质量高、符合学术
规范。

2.文献综述要选择与所研究领域相关的文献进行综述，覆盖面要广，
内容要全面、准确并有独立思考。

4.文献综述要注重整体结构和逻辑连贯性，内容要有层次感，段落间
要过渡自然。

5.外文中文翻译和文献综述要进行查重，确保原文与译文的一致性，
并避免抄袭和剽窃行为。

汉译英翻译格式规范I 格式规范1. 正文标题、机构名称、图表格名称和表头中所有单词（除虚词外）的首字母均大写；但标题为句子的情况除外；2. 译文中出现的标准、规范名称，单独出现时每个单词首字母均应大写并斜体，不加引号；在表格中出现时不用斜体；3. 摄氏度符号统一从“符号”“Times new roman”中找到“°”（位于最右一列）插入，然后在后面加上大写“C”，即“°C”；4. 排比和并列的内容，标点应统一。

一般做法是中间采用“;”，最后一个采用“.”，最后一个与倒数第二个之间用“; and”；5. 数值范围的表示形式应是：110-220 kV，而不是110 kV～220 kV；注意：数字和连字符之间没有空格，数字和单位之间有空格数字与单位之间要加一个空格，但“°C”、“°F”和“%”除外；6. 在英文中，百分号应采用英文半角“%”，而不可采用中文全角“%”；7. 公式中的符号从“插入公式”中选择；8. 文本框中第一个单词首字母大写；9. 1号机组和2号机组、一期和二期的表示方法：Unit 1 & 2；Phase I & II；10. 第x条（款、项）和第y条（款、项）的表示方法：Article x and Article y，即表示条（款、项）的词不能省略；11. 文件中出现公式时，公式后说明性文字的“其中”、“式中”统一译为“Where:”，注意其后加冒号；对公式中的字母和符号进行解释时，采用“-”，其前后均不空格，“-”后的首字母为小写；公式后的说明要用分号，最后采用句号。

例如：Where:F sc-short circuit current force (lb/ft);V-velocity;P-gas density.12. 冒号后首字母小写；13. 大于号、小于号、等号两边均有空格；14. 表格的标题和标题栏字体加粗；15. 注意上下标与原文一致；16. 直径符号φ的输入方法：插入，符号，字体选择Symbol，然后选择输入φ，并采用斜体；17. 日期按译文语言，应采用公历，按月、日、年顺序排列，例如，December 1, 2006；18. 译文的章节与条款编号，应与原文一致，有问题提出；19. 翻译中，数字应重点关注，均应与原文核对；20. 标点符号按英文惯例，英文中应全部采用英文半角符号，不得出现全角的顿号（、）逗号（，）句号（。

论文参考文献和附录格式Workscited(另起一页)[1]Hymes,D.1971a.Pidginization and Creolization of Language.Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.[2]Hymes,petence and Performance in Linguistic Theory.In R.Huxley and E.Ingram(eds.).Language Acquisition：Models and Methods.London：Academic Press.3-28.[3]Judge,A.1995.Social Exclusion：A Metaphoric Trap?.Available at：(accessed at 15：30,28 June 2007).[4]Labov,W.and Fanshel,D.1977.Therapeutic Discourse：Psychotherapy as Conversation.New York：Academic Press.[5]Schegloff,E.A.1979.The Relevance of Repair to Syntax-for- conversation.In T.Givón(ed.).Syntax and Semantics 12：Discourse and Syntax.New York：Academic Press.261- 286.[6]Schegloff,E.A.1996.Confirming Allusions：Toward an Empirical Account of Action,American Journal of Sociology 102(1)：161- 216.[7]Schegloff,E.A.,Jefferson,G.and Sacks,H.1977.The Preference for Self-correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation,Language 53：361-382.[8]蔡基刚，2001a，《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》，上海：复旦大学出版社。

AppendixAlong with the development of the enterprise, accounts receivable, rising cost of capital, and enterprises to expand market share, reduce the credit sales of goods or service provided service credit rating, in order to get more business channels, expand market share. In this case, enterprises can liquidity isn't enough to cover the daily management activities and related taxes and fees, you need to rely on bank loans to solve this problem. However, interest, and further increased the cost of enterprise, and as the growth of the accounts receivable aging, the possibility of bad debt losses occur also rose, so that the cost of capital rise. Also malicious delinquency problems due to some enterprises, and enterprises accounts receivable recovery work basically rely on their own collection, unnecessary costs due to the recovery of accounts receivable increase cannot pass on, capital costs, increase the risk of accounts receivable collection.1 the causes of accounts receivable riskEnterprises in order to promote sales, receipts, must pay a certain cost to the customer provide a certain amount of credit conditions. In determining the credit condition of customers, the enterprise must guarantee to provide the credit conditions to the enterprise the benefits greater than the cost of credit. If the credit period is too long, blind implements the cash discount, or is not reasonable to determine the discount rate, and would only increase the cost of enterprise credit, increase the risk of accounts receivable recovery and recycling costs, not conducive to the development of the enterprise. Some small and medium-sized enterprises lack of full-time institutions engaged in accounts receivable risk management, the lack of complete and effective customer profiles and the professional credit rating, credit limit and credit control, there is no risk of bad debts, to advance the prevention and control. Many enterprise wages and benefits of management mode, make the operator blindly pursue high profits, blind credit sales of goods or services, create the illusion of a finishing or exceeding of the target does not consider money use value and recyclability, increase the enterprise accounts receivable risk. Enterprise internal control system for large claims the lack of money cleaning up, collection, thereby causing loss to the money. Finance department shall timely accounting, correctly reflect the accounts receivable.Is common in accounting, however, claims and debts accounts don't adjust in a timely manner, to the capital of the rights of the creditor fails to timely cleaning, check, and many payment business content is unknown, the possibility of increased bad debt. Enterprise to inflated profits, capital loss and current charge hanging in the accounts receivable account treatment for a long time, causing virtual surplus real kui. The existence of these problems, and covered the hidden loss losses of the enterprise management, to strengthen enterprise management, easy to make the person produces illusion to false claims, lead to accounting information distortion, seriously affect the information users to make the right decisions.2 accounts receivable risk management and prevention(1) the beforehand control of accounts receivable riskBad debt risk is objective existence, as long as there is credit there may be bad. Not all accounts receivable can be passed on, can be avoided, so the provision for bad debts must be prepared. Enterprises should fully estimate the possibility of bad debt losses will be the effects on the profit and loss, to extract the provision for bad debt on schedule to decompose the risk of bad debt losses. It is based on the sane principle and matching principle. Our country enterprise accounting regulation, the enterprise can adopt allowance method of accounting bad debt losses. The allowance method is estimated bad debt losses on schedule, form the provision for bad debt. Provision for bad debt risk prevention, protection against the loss of features, is the enterprise the first barrier preventing the risks of account receivable. Accounts receivable as a bad debt losses processing does not mean that the company gave up claims on accounts receivable, enterprises should continue to focus on balance unit, try to recover the account. Clear responsibility, establish post responsibility system. Accounts receivable management is a systematic work, the enterprise shall be in accordance with the related regulations, improve the sales management system, clear responsibility, and business operation process, to carry on the fine management; For contract negotiation, bid opening, distribution and delivery, go out and collection and other business related departments and personnel, to ensure that the incompatible posts from each other. Each department staff to do their job, fulfill their duties, serious and responsible, responsibility to the people, maximize accounts receivable recovery,shorten the period of accounts receivable collection and reduce bad debt losses. Companies in the sales process, should be in strict accordance with the granted to the customer's credit limit control volume, and based on the principle of limited authorized personnel at all levels can be prescribed by the internal respectively the approved credit limit. This grading management system makes the control within reasonable limits, credit business enterprise to deal with credit limits the implementation of regular inspection and analysis, to ensure safe and reasonable credit limits. In the process of credit standards, should through the comprehensive analysis, find out does not affect sales and does not increase the risk of the optimal balance. Credit conditions mainly including credit and cash discount, extend credit term can expand sales, but also can create accounts receivable takes up the opportunity cost of increased, at the same time increase the risk of bad debt losses. Companies cope with different customer credit limit, make necessary adjustment make it always stay within the scope of the enterprise can afford. Enterprises in determining the credit terms and credit limit before credit units, must to understand and assess of credit business, given the appropriate credit standards, thus effective control of accounts receivable. Credit analysis from the enterprise's quality, capital, capacity, collateral and credit situation these five aspects to analysis.(2) the accounts receivable risk matter controlsFinancial department received customer payment for goods should be booked in time or query procedure, to contrast the contract and the bill of lading issued by customer requirements, and sent to the staff or customers to sign for transport, and transport sector should be organized according to the bill of lading, delivery and make sure of the specifications of the goods, model and quantity is correct, should be in accordance with the bill of lading after shipment invoice to the customer in time, such as handle the payment. The contract should be signed specification, conform to the requirements of the contract law, in the subject matter of the contract, quantity, quality, delivery time and delivery place, terms of payment, and carefully to evaluate the liability for breach of contract, and decide whether to accept the order, in order to make the enterprise the management behavior of standardization and refinement. Enterprises should be used as much as possible to its favorable settlement andadvanced means of settlement, accelerate the money collecting, shorten money traveling time.(3) the accounts receivable risk controlAccounts receivable afterwards control including credit contract payments when due back control and due payment form bad debt losses due to various reasons to fail. Enterprise can through the establishment of accounts receivable management information system, accounts receivable from credit sales process to the maturity date, tracking supervision with the customers, to ensure that customers can normal payment, maximize reduce the incidence of overdue account. Accounts receivable tracking service, to maintain the good relationship with customers, but also enable customers to feel pressure from creditors, greatly improve the accounts receivable recovery. Keeps in close contact with customers, to remind the payment due date, you can also find the goods, transportation, packaging, quality and settlement on the existing problems and disputes, to make appropriate decisions in a timely manner. Produced by the sales of customer accounts receivable management has become the enterprise is an important part of the money management, fund management. To implement high quality enterprise receivables securitization, the enterprise lack of liquidity, but can produce foreseeable stable cash flow of assets, through integration of assets structure and the way of the separation of assets credit, with some assets as collateral, controlled by the trustee issued special specialized agencies, in the capital market to sell. Using legal means to defend corporate interests. Enterprise receivables can be delegated to the professional receivables recycling company, large and medium-sized enterprises if the accounts receivable amount is larger, can entrust receivables recycling companies. Professional receivables company has the relative superiority in the worth of money, can to a certain extent, reduce the enterprise investment in accounts receivable of human and financial resources.。

美赛附录格式
（中英文实用版）
Appendix Format for MCM/ICM
美赛附录格式的要求如下：
美赛附录部分的格式要求如下：
1.所有附录内容应集中在一个单独的附录文件中，不要在论文正文中插入附录。

2.附录文件应以“Appendix”作为文件名，并按照提交论文的要求进行排版。

3.附录中的每个部分应以“Appendix A”、“Appendix B”等格式进行编号。

4.附录中的表格、图形、方程等应与正文中的引用保持一致，并在附录中给出详细说明。

5.附录中的文本应保持清晰、简洁，并避免过多的重复内容。

6.附录中的数据、图表等应确保准确无误，并与正文中的分析结果相符合。

7.附录中的引用文献应按照美赛规定的引用格式进行标注。

8.附录中的公式、符号、单位等应按照美赛规定的格式进行排版。

The format requirements for the appendix section of the MCM/ICM competition are as follows:
1.All appendix content should be集中在一个单独的附录文件中，不要在论文正文中插入附录。

英文翻译(原文)说明书题目：系别：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发年月日英文翻译(译文)说明书题目：系别：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发年月日附件二：范例摘要(“摘要”之间空两格，采用三号字、黑体、居中，与内容空一行) （内容采用小四号宋体）注：毕业设计（论文）摘要或总说明书要概括研究课题的内容、方法和观点以及取得的成果和结论，应反映整个内容的精华，字数在300字左右。

关键词：(小四号、黑体、顶格)☆☆☆；☆☆☆；☆☆☆（内容采用小四号、宋体、接排、各关键词之间有分号）Abstract（三号加粗）：(采用三号字、Times New Roman字体、加黑、居中、与内容空一行) There is a kind of automatic access system that use automatic indemnification technology to identify user’s ID and rights, and according to user’s rights to control the door.••••••（内容采用小四号Times New Roman字体，要求300-500单词）Key words（小四号加粗、Times New Roman字体、顶格）：（内容采用小四号、Times New Roman字体、接排、各关键词之间有分号）目录（三号、黑体、居中、目录两字空四格、与正文空一行）引言 (1)1（空两格）☆☆☆☆，☆☆（四号黑体） (3)1.1（空一格）☆☆☆，☆☆☆（小四号黑体） (3)1.2 ☆☆☆、☆☆☆☆ (4)2 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ (6)2.1 ☆☆☆、☆☆，☆ (6)2.1.1☆☆☆☆☆ (6)2.1.2☆☆☆☆☆☆ (7)••••••5 结论 (34)谢辞 (35)参考文献 (35)附录 (36)注：目录按三级标题编写（即：1 ……、1.1 ……、1.1.1 ……），要求标题层次清晰。

附录二：论文模板撰写论文具体要求1.中文标题及摘要；摘要中，不要包含脚注，计算公式和参考文献；摘要只需要简要介绍文章内容，以做文章索引之用。

2.缩写字母首次出现需要全写。

非正规的字符需要加以解释。

3.中英文对照的作者名与地址；英文名的标注格式为：姓全大写，名字首字母大写；如：WANG Minyi (王民一), J. PEREIRA;4.中英文对照的关键词（不少于三个）；5.中英文对照的受资助课题的基金号；6.添加PACS号（PACS号可根据专业等通过/pacs/pacs06/pacs06-toc.html查询）7.章节序码用阿拉伯数字表示，层次可以分为若干级，层次分级一般以不超过4级为宜, 标注格式为：1、1.2、 1.2.1等；8.图表数量与文章叙述要一致，图表的说明和图表单独附在文后；表格请改为三线表，由表序、表题、项目栏、表身组成；图要求用TIFF、EPS或者PDF格式；照片图要求层次分明、图像清晰，建议用黑白或灰度图，需用彩图的，彩色印刷费用作者自理；线条图尺寸大小在6 cm x 6 cm，线条宽度0.15 mm – 0.20 mm；标目、标值齐全，文字、物理量、符号、单位符合规范，均用等线体(Arial)。

9.请使用单栏双倍行距。

请提供修改后的全文WORD稿和PDF稿。

10.正文中，单位和常量要求用正体表示，变量要求用斜体表示，矢量和张量要求用黑体表示；上、下标要正确输入稿件，任何物理量首次出现时，必须有解释，可在邮寄的打印稿上手写标注；11.参考文献(已出版的材料)建议参考文献量不少于12条；请按以下格式依次给出您的参考文献。

a) 期刊：作者名. 年，刊名，卷（期）：页码b) 会议论文：作者名. 会议年份，文章名. 会议名称，会址（如果论文集已出版，添加出版社，出版地）c) 专著：作者名. 出版年，书名. 出版地：出版者d) 学位论文：作者名. 年份，文章名. 保存地：保存者e) 专利：作者. 年份, 专利名称. 专利保存地: 保存单位. 专利号f) 学术报告：作者。