【2018-2019】言语残疾,大学英语四六级-范文word版 (23页)
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四六级21篇经典范文1.Woman in Modern SocietyTitle: Woman in Modern SocietyOutline: 1) Role of women in modern society2) Prejudices and discrimination against women3) My comment Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in businesses and factories. In addition, they are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely be women. Clearly, women are making outstanding contributions to the progress of modern society. There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. First, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. Second, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than women do. Personally, I'm firmly standing on the side of those woman right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (173 words) 2. Study the table A: Study the following table carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words. B: Your essay must be written on Answer Sheet. C: Your essay should meet the requirements below. 1. Changes in people's daily expenses in the past five years 2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw my own conclusions Study the table In the past five years, there have been great changes in people's daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 1998. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 17% in 1998. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables, and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too. In short, with the incomes rising continuously, people are no longer reconciled to living a simple, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (215 words) 3. The role of Migrant Workers Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to be prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 10 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words about "The Role of Migrant Workers". You can agree and or disagree,completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons. The role of Migrant Workers As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our workforce. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of the construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers is a factor which stimulates the consumption of food and daily items. This helps to develop food industry and service trades in cities. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities. However, as a popular saying goes, "Everything was two sides". The same is the case with migrant workers. First, they have trouble getting their children into child care centers and schools because they are unregistered residents in the city. As you know, illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of laws, tend to make trouble concerning law and order. Second, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being ignorant and incompetent, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they want. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of the society. In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it isone-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (240 words) 4. My First Day on the Campus I still remember the day when I first came to the college. Beinga boy of 17, I was longing for a new life as a college student; but, at the same time, I had no idea what college life would be like. That morning when the bus carried me to the gate of the college. I was so excited that my heart was beating very fast as if it would leap out of my mouth. From now on, I would be a student of this college. After registration, we were led by an instructor to the dormitory, where, for the first time, we were going to live without parents but roommates. I was so clumsy that I did not know how to make the bed and fix the mosquito net. In the afternoon, I took a walk around the campus together with my roommates. To think of studying in such a beautiful place made me feel quite proud of myself. As we were walking along, talking and laughing, a voice came into our ears, "Oh, look at these freshmen!" It was our middle-school-students' looking that gave us away. We continued our tour of the college, inspecting every building and every garden until the sun began to set. In the evening, we sat together, talking about the past and the future. We were so excited that no one wanted to go to bed. 5. The Tape Recorder The tape recorder is one of the most welcome and popular electronic devices ever invented. For example, it can reproduce sounds quite well, which are hardly distinguishable from the original. Besides, it is very handy and can be carried around. Furthermore, tape recorders are not so expensive as color TV sets or video-tape players, so most families can afford them. Therefore, the tape recorder is liked by everyone and has entered most homes. This device is useful in many ways. For example, it is used by people to play music and thus gives them a lot of pleasure. Another example is that it is an effective aid for learning a foreign language.It may also serve as a useful tool for many professionals such as reporters and policemen and enables them to work efficiently. However, it can also become a nuisance. Some youngsters play the tape recorder late at night and therefore disturb their neighbours' rest. Some shop-owners use it to attract customers and they often play music so loudly that customers feel very annoyed with it. Thus, the tape recorder should be put to good use. 6. Studying Abroad Attending schools abroad has many advantages. In the first place, by looking at our own country from outside, we can best see the strong points and weak points of our nation and therefore widen our vision and broaden our minds. Second, while studying in a foreign country, we can travel widely, visiting famous scenic spots and making friends with the local people. Thirdly we can use the foreign language in our daily life so that our ability in the second language may be improved quickly. But the most important thing in attending a foreign university is to get acquainted with the latest knowledge in science and technology and make use of the first-rate facilities available. For all these advantages, it is really worthwhile to go abroad for education. However, as everything has two sides, there are also some disadvantages in attending a foreign university. The most serious problem is the language barrier. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not adequate knowledge of the language spoken there. As a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors are saying. Besides, for lack of knowledge of the customs and way of life of the local people, they may run into trouble in dealing with various situations. Therefore, misunderstandings often arise. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, so most students have to findpart-tine jobs in order to help support themselves. Faced with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies and some students may even fail in their courses and learn little. Therefore, given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must consider both sides of the factors carefully before making up his mind. On the whole, it is a good thing to go and study abroad particularly when the subject is very weak or not available in our country. But on the other hand, one must not lose sight of the disadvantages. 7. Is the Expansion of Enrollment a Good Thing? Many colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment since 1998. The reasons for the expansion are as follows. Firstly, they want to keep up with the need of the job market to produce more qualified people to take up the jobs. Secondly, the expansion has entitled many high school graduates to the right of receiving higher education. Last but not least, it can raise the intellectual standards of our nation. However, studies show that the trend to expand has brought about many problems. For instance, the teaching facilities and accommodation capacities of many colleges and universities are limited and are unable to meet the demand of an ever-increasing number of the newly enrolled students. On the other hand, the average quality of the freshmen is declining. In the long run, hunting for a job will be a tough thing for the graduates and that will inevitably exert much pressure on the prospects of employment. In spite of all this, I am still confident that the expansion of enrollment is of great benefit to our society and is a good thing. With the development of our national economy, the problem as mentioned above will be solved if proper measures are taken. 8. Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus 1.大学生了解社会的必要性 2.了解社会的途径(大众媒介,社会服务等) 3.我打算怎么做 With the development of our society, the campus no longer is an "Ivory Tower". It is necessary for college students to go outside to get to know the world. They should acquire knowledge not only from books but also from the society. Thus they can adapt to society more quickly after they graduate from school. Science and technology are developing rapidly with each passing day. Most students can keep themselves informed by watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers and using computers. It's also good to take a part-time job, such as tutoring, or working in a restaurant. Any of these methods will enable students to get in touch with society. Summer vacation will soon be here. I've already enrolled to be a volunteer to help others. I think I can do well. Although I won't be paid, the most important thing is that I can learn a lot about society. 9. Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。
四六级英语真题范文The Four and Six Level English exams, commonly known as CET-4 and CET-6, are crucial for Chinese university studentsas they serve as a benchmark for English language proficiency. The following essay is a sample response to a typical CET-4or CET-6 essay prompt:The Importance of Learning EnglishIn today's globalized world, the significance of learning English cannot be overstated. English has become the lingua franca for international communication, business, and academia. This essay aims to discuss the importance oflearning English and how it can benefit individuals invarious aspects of life.First and foremost, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. By mastering English, one gains access to a plethora of resources and opportunities. For instance,in the realm of education, English is the primary language of instruction in many prestigious universities and institutions. Students proficient in English can broaden their horizons by studying abroad, engaging with a diverse range of cultures, and participating in international conferences.Secondly, the business world heavily relies on English as the common language for trade and commerce. Companies that operate internationally require employees who can communicateeffectively in English. This proficiency not only opens upjob opportunities but also aids in the negotiation and execution of international deals.Moreover, the mastery of English equips individuals with the ability to access a vast array of information availableon the internet. From scientific research to technological advancements, a significant portion of the world's knowledgeis stored in English. Being able to understand and utilizethis information can lead to personal growth and innovation.Lastly, learning English fosters cultural exchange and understanding. As one becomes more proficient in the language, they are better able to appreciate and engage with the rich tapestry of English-speaking cultures. This can lead to a deeper appreciation of the world's diversity and a more inclusive mindset.In conclusion, learning English is not just about passing exams like the CET-4 or CET-6. It is a gateway to a world of opportunities, knowledge, and cultural enrichment. As we move forward in an increasingly interconnected world, the importance of English will only continue to grow.This essay is structured to address the prompteffectively, providing clear arguments and examples tosupport the thesis statement. It is important to note that actual exam essays may have specific requirements regarding word count, format, and content that must be adhered to.。
本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==201X年12月大学英语四六级作文模板:应用文类导语:历年英语四六级考试中,许多考生在作文上失分较多,作文虽然不是考试难点,但是各位考生也不能就此忽视作文。
因此,在备考时应加强记熟一些作文模板,这样就可以轻松面对考试作文啦~下面是小编整理的“201X 年12月大学英语四六级作文作文模板”共广大考生背诵使用!建议信Dear ________,I’m very ___________ to know / learn that__________. I am writing to voice my suggestions / proposals / viewsconcerning_________. In my opinion,_________. On the onhand,__________. On the otherhand,__________.As to _________, I would like to suggest / recommendthat__________, because __________. It would be __________. In addition,___________.I am sure that __________.Please inform me of your feedback on __________. I am lookingforward to __________.Truly yours,_________投诉信Dear __________,My name is __________, and I am __________. I venture to write you aletter about __________.The focus of the complaint is _________. For onthing,___________.For another,__________. Under these circumstances, I found / find it__________. Honestly speaking, _________. Inaddition,__________. All in all,there is still much room for improvement.I do hope _________. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours,拒绝信Dear_____________,Thank you very much for_____________.Tobehonest,__________.However,the current situation does not allow me to do this.This has been a difficule decision for me,but I have to dothis.Onthe one hand,____________.On the other hand,__________.In view of these,Iregret that_____________.I hope this does not bring you much inconwenience.I feel very sorry to disappoint you.If___________,Iwill__________.I do appreciate your________.Meanwhile,Iwish___________.Sincerely yours___________祝贺信Dear_______,I have just learntthat___________.I hasten to tender you a word of congratulations on thissplendid success of________.It is indeed aremarkable thing for _________.The success ofyour________proves notonly____________,but also___________.Again,please acceptmy warm congratulations and please give my best wishes to__________.Sincerely yours,___________道歉信Dear___________,I am terribly sorryto tell you that_________,and I am writingthis letter to show my deepregret.Please accept my sincere apologywith gratitude.I hope you willunderstand my situation and excuse mefor___________.The reasonwhy__________is that__________.Underthatcircumstance,____________.Therefore,it was not my powerto___________.If possible,I wouldlike to suggest that___________.I shall be obliged if you will kindly write andtell me___________.I am looking forward to seeing you again.Yours,________申请信Dear_______,My name is________,and I_________.I am writing to____________.I will be very grateful ifmy application can be considered and accepted.There are severalfactors contributing to my application. First ofall,_________.Besides,__________.furthermore,___________.Therefore, _________.I sincerely hope youwill grant me _____________.If you need more information,fell free to contactme at any time bycalling_____________.Thank you for your kind considerationand I am looking forward to hearing from you .Sincerely yours,_____________。
英语四六级作文(3篇)(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作资料、求职资料、报告大全、方案大全、合同协议、条据文书、教学资料、教案设计、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic model essays, such as work materials, job search materials, report encyclopedia, scheme encyclopedia, contract agreements, documents, teaching materials, teaching plan design, composition encyclopedia, other model essays, etc. if you want to understand different model essay formats and writing methods, please pay attention!英语四六级作文(3篇)大学英语四六级作文怎么写?所谓的大学英语考试是一项大规模标准化考试,是一个“标准关联的`常模参照测验”。
大学英语四六级作文Title: The Importance of Learning English。
As we all know, English has become the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as an official language in many countries and is the language of international communication. In today's globalized world, learning English has become increasingly important, and there are several reasons why we should learn English.First of all, learning English can open up a world of opportunities. Many multinational companies require their employees to have a good command of English, and being able to speak English can greatly enhance one's career prospects. In addition, English is the language of the internet, and being able to communicate in English can give us access toa wealth of information and resources that are notavailable in other languages.Secondly, learning English can help us to connect withpeople from different cultures and backgrounds. English is the language of diplomacy and international relations, and being able to speak English can help us to build relationships with people from all over the world. In addition, English is the language of popular culture, and being able to speak English can help us to understand and appreciate different forms of art, music, and entertainment.Furthermore, learning English can also help us to improve our cognitive skills. Studies have shown that learning a second language can improve our memory, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. In addition, learning English can help us to develop a greater understanding of our own language and culture, as we compare and contrast English with our native language.In conclusion, learning English is important for a variety of reasons. It can open up new opportunities, help us to connect with people from different cultures, and improve our cognitive skills. Therefore, it is essentialthat we continue to improve our English language skills, so that we can fully participate in the global community.(仿写)。
四六级作文负面模板范文英文回答:Negative Sample Essay for CET-4/6。
The College English Test (CET), held twice a year in China, requires students to demonstrate their abilities in English listening, reading, writing, and translation. The writing section is particularly challenging, as students must produce a coherent and well-organized essay within a limited timeframe.To assist students in understanding the expectations of the CET writing section, we present a negative sample essay. This essay falls short of meeting the requirements of the test and serves as an example of what not to do.Task:Write an essay discussing the importance of learningEnglish in today's world.Negative Sample Essay:The importance of English language learning is a topic which has been discussed at length. There are many reasons why English is an essential skill to have in today's world.Firstly, English is the global language of communication. It is the language of business, diplomacy, and science. By learning English, we can communicate with people from all over the world. This is especially important in a globalized world where people from different cultures interact and work together on a regular basis.Secondly, English is a key to knowledge. A vastmajority of the world's literature, scientific research, and technical information is written in English. By learning English, we can access this information and expand our knowledge and understanding of the world.Thirdly, English is a skill that can open up newopportunities for us. With a good command of English, we can apply for jobs in international companies, work abroad, or pursue higher education in English-speaking countries.In conclusion, English is an essential skill to have in today's world. It is the global language of communication, a key to knowledge, and a skill that can open up new opportunities for us.Analysis:The essay fails to meet the requirements of the CET writing section for several reasons:Lack of structure: The essay lacks a clear and well-organized structure. It does not have a clear introduction, body paragraphs, or conclusion.Lack of coherence: The essay lacks coherence, as the ideas are not logically connected and the flow of thoughtis difficult to follow.Repetition: The essay contains a lot of repetition, with the same ideas being repeated in different ways.Use of vague language: The essay uses a lot of vague language, which makes it difficult to understand the author's point.Lack of supporting evidence: The essay lacks supporting evidence to support the claims made.In addition, the essay does not demonstrate a good command of English. The grammar and vocabulary are weak, and the sentences are often awkward.中文回答:四六级作文负面模板范文。
1。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below。
1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益,也可能有危害性3.作为大学生,我的看法Recreational ActivitiesThetwenty—first century has brought with it anunprecedented variety of recreational activities。
They range from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones.Some people think those various recreational activities brought by modern technology are great and necessary because they can help people relax from hard work and study and broaden people’horizon。
However,some people think that too many recreational activities may have a bad effect on people's lives. Some people may not resist some temptations and indulge themselves in those activities, such as the online games. At last they are lured away from their studies,work and interpersonal relationships.In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of various recreational activities and make the most of them to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge。
四六级英语范文12016年四六级英语作文模板四六级考试在即,这次考试出题方式无非是英文谚语、图画作文、提纲式作文,下面百分网小编为大家分享最新的英语作文模板,希望对大家四六级考试写作有帮助!第一段英文谚语:模板1I assume that you are familiar with the words of sb, who once said, "…" It is obvious that simple as the remark may sound, it contains abundant life philosophy and informs us of the significance of 谚语主题(若谚语看不懂,此处横线部分可以删除) Definitely, it values greatly not merely in our study but in our daily work and life as well.模板2In this constantly changing modern society, nearly every person has a clear notion about the significance of …., with which we can make a great difference to the world. As a proverb goes, "…." Obviously, the saying delivers the message that if people want to…., they should ….图画作文:模板1This is a funny but enlightening drawing: 图片描述 Apparently, such a scene can be easily linked to 图片主题(xxxections里有提示)模板2What a compelling and eye-catching drawing it is! …. The author, via this drawing, sends us a clear message of the importance of X.提纲作文:As the society and economy rapidly advance, various phenomena have been presented in our routine life, among which ……deserves most of our attention. Turning around, we can find too numerous examples to list.第二段与第三段模板1Why does 主题 play an indispensable role in our life? It enables us to achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize our dreams more rapidly. 扩充一句. How could we achieve the rapid progress in our study if we fail to ….(谚语中的事情) ? Quite a few examples can be given to prove the importance of 谚语主题, however, I can think of no better illustration than the following one: Liu Xiang, the former world NO. 1 man runner, is a weak boy, who doesn't seem to be cut out for sports but owes his success to 谚语主题.From my perspective, at no time should we ignore the importance of谚语主题Accordingly,as a college student, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for our youngsters to ……. Do bear in mind: ……..模板2There are several reasons accountable for this standpoint. Firstly, people consider …as important because it can help achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize our dreams more rapidly. Only by … can we truly develop our understanding of the essence of our world. Secondly, the society has become increasingly intricate and we can seldom genuinely keep up with its pace unless we … and think about it over and over again. Additionally, with … people can adjust themselves to the changes, therefore possibly more new thoughts can be generated during this process and then applied to make our future life more exciting.To sum up, … is essential f or people not merely in our study but in our daily work and life as well. It is … that can help us pave a new way for individual fulfillment.模板3As we all know, we are bound to encounter kinds of challenges and hardships in this modern society, abundant opportunities as well as competition. The difference between winners and losers mainly lies in the spirit of X. Put it another way, X is a key ingredient of the modern recipe to success, either for individuals or for a nation. People in all walks of life take substantial notes of this character. Take Edison for an example. Without X, he would have given up after trying over 1000 times in finding a suitable material for the filament of the light bulb. In other words, were there no spirit of X, we would never taste the real happiness of the successful life.In my view, whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the spirit of X are more likely to have a high happiness index and more chances to succeed, which can hardly be possessed b y those who are absent of X. Just as the saying goes, "…."四六级英语范文21.提高:Promote、Advance、Enhance 代替Improve2.改变:Transform 代替Change3.强调:Highlight、Stress、Address 代替Emphasize4.培养:Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 代替Develop5.破坏:Impair、Undermine[这两个词指抽象意义上的破坏]、Jeopardize、Devastate代替Break6.保存Preserve、Conserve[保护资源用的'就是这个词],protect这个词用在保护具体的东西代替Keep7.解决Tackle、Address、Resolve 代替Deal with8.需要Require、Necessitate、Call for 代替Need9.黏贴、附着Adhere、Cling 代替Stick10.忽略Ignore、Difference 代替Neglect11.避开Shun 代替Avoid12.普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant、Universal、Ubiquitous代替Everywhere13.好的Beneficial、Advantageous 代替Good14.有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 代替Harmful15.富有的Wealthy、Affluent 代替Rich16.贫穷的Impoverished 代替Poor17.严重的Severe 代替Serious18.明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 代替Obvious19.便宜的Economical、Inexpensive 代替Cheap20.重要的Crucial 、Extremely important、Significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 代替Important21.大量的、充足的Ample、Plentiful 代替Abundant四六级英语范文31.避免口语化、简化词在写作过程中,一定要避免过度使用口语化,或者简单化的词汇。
(一)S M O K I N GDirection: In this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "SMOKING".The first sentence of each paragraphis given.Your part of writing should be no less than 100 words.[SAMPLE]SMOKINGIt is almost known to all that smoking is bad forpeople's health.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Still,many people find it difficult to stop smoking _____________________________________________________________________.Measures have been taken __________________________________________________________________________________________.ExampleIt is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people's health.Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancerand other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked tosmoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons eachyear.Still,many people find it difficult to stop smoking.One reason isthat smoking usually becomes a habitual behaviour,and habits,whethergood or bad are not easy to be given up.Another reason is the effect ofnicotine,the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat asdrugs do.Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm ofsmoking.In many cities,smoking is forbidden in public places.The dangerof smoking is warned of everywhere.And newspapers are asked not topublish advertisements for cigarettes.World "No Tobacco Day" isobserved every year as the biggest compaign against smoking.(二)MY FIRST JOBDirection:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about "MY FIRST JOB" in three paragraphs,The first sentenceof each paragraph is given.Your part of writing should be no less than100 words.[SAMPLE]MY FIRST JOBBefore I started at university,_______________________________________________________________________________________.In a great hurry,___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Worst of all was that ______________________________________________________________________________________________.SExampleBefore I started at university,I took my first job as a waitress ina nice restaurant.At the night before my first day.I was too excited togo to sleep and as a result,I got up late in the morning.I threw on myclothes and rushed over to the restaurant.In a great hurry,I didn't hear clearly the head waiter'sinstruction that we should go into the kitchen through one door and outfrom the other.So when I took two plates of eggs and bacon and anorange juice out to the restaurant,I went straight towards the wrongdoor and collided with another waiter coming in!Worst of all was that I wore a pair of smart shoes but with highheels! A few hours later I was in agony yet had no time to change them.By the time we finished serving dinner at about 10:30 I wascompletelyexhausted. Nevertheless, I learnt something through my experience.(三)Birth ControlDirection:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition "Birth Control" in three paragraphs.You are given the keywords or p。
本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!
== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==
言语残疾,大学英语四六级
篇一:言语残疾标准
言语残疾标准、筛查、诊断和评定方法
一、言语残疾的定义
言语残疾,是指由于各种原因导致的不同程度的言语障碍(经治疗一年以上不愈或病程超过两年者),不能或难以进行正常的言语交往活动(3岁以前不定残)。
言语残疾包括:
●失语:是指由于大脑言语区域以及相关部位损伤所导致的获得性言语功能丧
失或受损。
●运动性构音障碍:是指由于神经肌肉病变导致构音器官的运动障碍,主要表
现不会说话、说话费力、发声和发音不清等。
●器官结构异常所致的构音障碍:是指构音器官形态结构异常所致的构音障碍。
其代表为腭裂以及舌或颌面部术后。
主要表现为不能说话、鼻音过重、发音不
清等。
●发声障碍(嗓音障碍):是指由于呼吸道及喉存在器质性病变导致的失声、发
声困难、声音嘶哑等。
●儿童言语发育迟滞:指儿童在生长发育过程中其言语发育落后于实际年龄的
状态。
主要表现不会说话、说话晚、发音不清等。
●听力障碍所致的言语障碍:是指由于听觉障碍所致的言语障碍。
主要表现为
不会说话或者发音不清。
●口吃:是指言语的流畅性障碍。
常表现为在说话的过程中拖长音、重复、语
塞并伴有面部及其他行为变化等。
二、致残原因分析
(一)、遗传
唐氏综合征:又称2l三体综合征,该病的主要病理变化为大脑和小脑的发育异常,其在出生婴儿中的发病率约为1.45‰,病儿智能落后,肌张力低下,皮肤
呈大理石样色泽,出生后不久可见特殊面容,即面圆而扁平,眼球较突出,睑
裂明显的斜向外上,两眼距离较远。
染色体检查可以提供诊断帮助。
部分可出
现不同程度的语言发育迟缓和发音不清。
(二)、出生缺陷或发育障碍
脑性瘫痪:是由多种原因引起的非进行性中枢性运动功能障碍,该症病因不一,缺氧和出血在发病因素中占重要地位,但仍有约1/3的病例未能找出原因。
该病在出生后或幼婴时期发病,主要表现为神经功能不正常,特别是自主运动
的功能障碍,病情稳定,非进行性,基本上非遗传性。
严重的还合并有智力不足,抽搐及视、听或言语功能异常。
新生儿病理性黄疸:新生儿在出生后24小时内就出现黄疸,而且黄疸程度较重,持续时间延长,超过2~4周,或黄疸进行性加重,消退后重又出现的则考虑为病理性黄疸。
部分儿童可出现语言发育迟缓或者构音障碍。
早产、过期产:出生于37足周或更早,胎龄在259天或更少的活产婴儿称为早产儿或未成熟儿。
出生于42足周或以上,胎龄294天或以上的新生儿称为过期产儿。
部分儿童可出现语言发育迟缓或者构音障碍。
低体重:是指体重在201X~2500g的婴儿,即轻度及中度未成熟儿或发育迟缓儿。
重度患儿可出现语言发育迟缓。
腭裂:是由于在胚胎第2月时第一腮弓的发育异常所致,可以只在悬雍垂及软腭,或贯通软
腭、硬腭及齿槽缘至鼻孔,可一侧或双侧,与唇裂相连或为单纯腭裂。
腭裂影
响小儿吮乳,会说话以后会出现器质性构音障碍或者语言发育迟缓。
智力低下:是指智能低于同年龄小儿平均发育状态,有明显差距,并在适应环
境的行为上表现落后或缺陷。
重度者可出现语言发育迟缓。
(三)、疾病
脑梗死:是指脑部血液供应障碍,缺血、缺氧引起脑组织坏死软化而言。
是脑
血管病中最常见类型,约占75%。
临床上常见的有脑血栓形成、脑栓塞、脑分
水岭梗塞和脑腔隙性梗塞。
根据梗塞的不同部位可合并失语症或者构音障碍。
脑出血:脑出血是指非外伤性脑实质内出血,约占全部脑卒中的20%~30%。
脑出血绝大多数由高血压合并动脉硬化引起,仅有少数为其他原因所致,如先
天性脑血管畸形、动脉瘤、血液病等。
根据脑损伤的不同部位可合并失语症或
者运动性构音障碍。
脑炎:脑炎为中枢神经系统感染。
按病原体分为病毒性、细菌性、真菌性、寄
生虫性等;按发病情况和病程分为急性、亚急性、慢性;按病理特点分为包涵
体性、出血性、坏死性等;尚有按病变部位分为大脑炎、小脑炎、间脑炎、脑
脊髓炎、脑膜脑炎等;如根据流行情况分为流行性(如乙型脑炎)及散发性等。
相当数量的患者可以发生失语症或者运动性构音障碍。
脑囊虫病:是猪绦虫(囊尾蚴)寄生脑部所致。
脑囊虫病的发病率颇高,约占人
囊虫病的60%~92%,在我国主要流行于东北、华北、山东、西北一带,而河南、西藏、青海、四川、云南、福建等亦有散发。
患者以青壮年为多见。
部分
患者可出现失语症。
喉、舌疾病术后:是指咽喉部、舌的肿瘤或癌症经手术全部或部分切除后使患
者失声或发音困难。
听力障碍:是指因各种原因所致的听力受损,特别是婴幼儿和学龄前的中等程
度以上的听力障碍对语言的影响较大。
帕金森氏病:是一种较为常见的锥体外系疾病,本病基本属于中老年疾忠,60
岁以上患病率达1%,以运动减少、肌张力强直、震颤、体位不稳为主要症状。
重症患者还会出现说话费力、语音单调、发音不清等。
多发性硬化:是一种青壮年起病的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘病,因视神经、脊
髓和脑内有散在多灶的脱髓鞘硬化斑块而得名。
女性发病率略高于男性,病因
不明。
大约70%病人呈急性或亚急性起病,常见视神经、脊髓、小脑和脑干损
伤的表现,而以视力障碍为最常见,75%的患者发生上运动神经元性肢体瘫痪,截瘫最多见,依次为偏瘫、单瘫、四肢瘫和三肢瘫,脑广泛损伤者出现智力障碍,常有忧郁、欣快等情绪改变。
部分患者可出现不同程度的运动性构音障碍。
脊髓侧索硬化:是一组病因未明,选择性侵犯运动系统或某一部分的进行性变
性病,发病年龄大多在40~50岁之间,临床表现为下运动神经元及相应肌群的萎缩、无力,而感觉系统一般不受侵犯。
该病起病缓慢,多从一侧肢体开始,
再发展到双侧,严重者可以侵犯呼吸肌,引起呼吸困难。
肌电图示神经元性损害,可以作出诊断。
但病变发展影响到发音器官的神经和肌肉时可造成不同程
度的运动性构音障碍。
肝豆状核变性:是一种常染色体隐性遗传的铜代谢障碍所引起的肝硬化和脑变
性疾病。
多数在青年或成年早期起病,隐匿起病,病程进展缓慢,主要表现为进行性加剧的肢体震颤、肌强直、构音困难、精神症状、肝硬化及角膜色素环。
重症肌无力:是神经肌肉接头传递障碍所致之慢性疾病,临床特征为受累骨骼
肌肉的极度疲劳,经休息和抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗后部分恢复。
发病率为0.5~
5/10万人口。
发病年龄以 lO~35岁多见。
重症的患者可以出现运动性构音障碍。
(四)、创伤或意外伤害
脑外伤:闭合性脑外伤多为交通事故、跌倒、坠落等意外伤及产伤所致。
战时
多见于工事倒塌压伤或爆炸所致高压气浪冲击伤,多因暴力直接或间接作用头
部所致伤。
部分脑外伤可造成失
语症或者运动性构音障碍。
产伤:由于分娩过程中的机械性损伤所致,如产钳术、胎头吸引、臀位后出胎
头困难等,产伤多发生在先露部位,常见的有皮肤、软组织损伤、锁骨骨折、
头颅血肿、臂丛神经损伤,较为少见的有颅内出血、脊髓损伤和腹腔脏器损伤。
部分产伤可造成语言发育迟缓或者构音障碍。
其他:是指其他原因造成大脑的损害。
(五)、孤独症
为一组严重的、早期起病的发育障碍,它的特征是社会联系技能、认知和言语
沟通能力的发育延迟和偏离(扭曲)。
该病患儿有以下特点,起病于出生后30月前的一种行为综合征,具有发育速率和程序的紊乱,对任何感觉刺激做出异常
反应,言语、认知和非言语沟通均发生障碍,对人、对事物和对物体建立关系
的能力障碍。
(六)、癫痫
为常见的神经症状,其患病率约为0.5%。
是由于脑部兴奋性过高的某些神经
元突然、过度的高频放电引起的脑功能短暂异常引起。
由于过度放电神经元的
部位不同,临床上出现短暂的感觉障碍,肢体抽搐,意识丧失,行为障碍和(或)植物神经异常等不同表现。
有反复发作倾向者称为癫痫症,部分儿童的重症癫
痫可发生语言发育迟缓或者失语症。
(七)、中毒
一氧化碳(CO)中毒,化学品中毒、药物及食物中毒等。
CO中毒:在化学工业中,如炼钢、炼焦、矿井放炮、内燃机排出的废气等,如
果防护不周或通风不良时,生产过程中可发生急性CO中毒。
家庭用煤炉产生的
C0,则是生活性中毒的常见原因。
轻度中毒者有头痛、眩晕、乏力、心悸、恶心、呕吐及视力模糊。
严重者皮肤出现樱桃红色,四肢张力增强,意识障碍及
死亡。
在存活者中部分可出现失语症,血中HbC0测定有确定诊断价值。
(八)、其他:是指除以上常见原因以外的疾病或伤害,如溺水等。
三、言语残疾的分级
言语残疾一级:。