英美概况航空答案

英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。

2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。

3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。

5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。

6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。

7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。

8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。

9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。

答案：玫瑰。

11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。

12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。

13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。

14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。

15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。

16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。

17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。

18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。

答案：《星条旗》。

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《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及答案Chapter 1 geography people and language1.what is the full name of the U.K?A： the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland。

2。

Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts andplaying bagpipes。

3。

How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and whatare they？A：the development of English language be divided into three period ：old English , middle English ，modern English .4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death？A： the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death。

英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。

第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。

课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。

2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。

第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。

2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。

第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。

答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。

2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。

第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。

2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。

结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。

本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。

英美概况练习答案Keys to the Exercises:Part I The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern IrelandChapter 11-5 B D C A B 6-8 B C DChapter 2 British HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. T2. F3. T4.T5.T6.T7. F8.T9. T 10. F 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. FII. 1-4 C B D AIII.Advantages:a.Workers involved could work at their own speed.b.Children working in the system were better treated.c.Conditions of work were better.d.People worked for themselves could take a pride in what they did..e.Tension in the work place was minimal.Disadvantages:a.The production was very slow.b.The production was inefficient.c.It was difficult to make full use of materials and energy far away from home.d.The system could not satisfy the demand of the market.IV. 1-6 T F T F T FVa. Floodingb. explosive gasc. Poison gasd. Pit collapsesVI. OmitttedLanguage FocusI.1. prosperity2. tribal3. hereditary4. mystical5. reminder6. coveted7. strategic8. buffers9.assassination 10. stalemate 11.recession 12. deteriorated 13. divorcee 14.devolve15. reinforcements 16. evacuatedII. 1-5 FAIGH 6-10 JDBECChapter 3British EducationKnowledge FocusI.a. The state school refers to the kind of school that is funded by government. Therefore, students don’t have to pay a lot ofmoney for the received education. It usually follows a standard curriculum nationwide. The majority of the students in the UK attend this kind of school.b. The public school is a fee-paying school. It usually enjoys a good academic reputation, and admission can be highly competitive. Its curriculum can be quite flexible. Students in this kind of school generally aim highly and their study often leads them to renowned colleges or universities. Only a small portion of the economically and academically privileged students can go to such a school.II.1-5 CDBDAIII.1-5 TFFTTIV.a.reference lettersb. a personal statement/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html petitive academic recordsd.required examse.an interviewf. a certificate of last completion of studiesg.social experienceLanguage FocusI.1-5 DDCCBII. (Omitted)Chapter 4 British EconomyKnowledge focus1. financial center2. Bank of England3. Pound Sterling4.industrialize5. America Language focus1-5 GIJHF 6-10 EADBCChapter 5 Government of the United Kingdom I. The Constitutional MonarchyI.1. D2. B3. B4. A5. BII.1. constitutional, Monarch2. judiciary3. written4. symbolic/ceremonial5. leader III.1. ceremonial2. seniority3. hereditary4. presence5. symbolize6. majority7. independent8. precedence9. stimulate 10. tremendousIV.1. E) monarch2. B) shared3. G) elected4. C) legislative5. F) lower6. J) majority7. I) appointing8. H) symbolic9. A) neutral 10. D) developedII. The British Parliament: the Legislative BodyI.1. legislative, the Monarch, the House of Lords, the House of Commons2. to make law, Commons, Lords3. five4. First-Past-the-Post5. Upper, Lower6. Commons II.1. C2. C3. B4. D5. A6. BIII.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T8. FIV．1. G) ceremonial2. H) annual3. A) addresses4. E) drafted5. B) outlines6. F) dissolve7. D) permission8. J) announcing9. I) Sovereign 10. C) adviceIII. British Government: the Executive BodyI.1. A2. C3. A4. A5. A6. B7. B8. DII.1. administrative2. civil servants3. The Cabinet4. No. 10 Downing Street5. CommonsIII.1. F3. T4. T5. TIV. Political Parties and Election in BritainI.1. C2. D3. B4. DII.1. two-party, the Labour, the Conservative2. constituency3. majority4. Liberal,Conservative5. the government; the Prime Minister6. Official Opposition7. 18III.1. associate2. incapable3. empower4. responsive5. compulsory6. eligibleChapter 6 Culture of the United Kingdom I. Customs and HabitsI.1. C3. AII.1. D) occasions2. H) embarrassing3. G) well-educated4. A) equal5. J) beauties6. B) deserve7. F) attach8. E) sympathy9. C) respects 10. I) principle II. The FamilyI.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. FII.1. G) compared2. E) honeymoon3. D) worn4. F) harming5. H) key6. A) umbrella7. J) challenge8. I) possibilities9. B) symbolic 10. C) traditional III. Pub Culture in Britain1. F2. F3. TII.1. D) specific2. A) native3. C) remote4. F) indifferent5. B) feature6. G) fetch7. J) attracts8. I) higher9. E) promote 10. H) opportunity IV. Cuisine in BritainI.1. dinner2. brunch3. fish and chips4. high teaII1. c2. b3. aIII.1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B7.A8.C9.B 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.BV. Holidays and Festivals in BritainI.1. Santa Claus2. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter3. The Christmas Pantomime; the principal boy; the Dame (后面这两个空去掉也行，文中没有出现)4. Boxing DayII.1. B2. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A10. BIII.1. H) shows2. B) different3. D) based4. G) characters5. I) pretty6. E) played7. C) form8. J) kicks9. A) contains 10. F) audienceVI. Sports in BritainI.1. B2. A3. B4. D5. BII.1. flat racing; steeplechasing2. the Royal Ascot3. hunt saboteursIII.1. G) responsible2. E) majority3. C) upturn4. H) victory5. A) trend6. I) total7. B) hosted8. F) minor9. J) leading 10. D) represent VII. Religion in BritainI.1. Christianity2. Holy Bible3. IslamII.1. B2. A3. A4. A5. CIII.1. G) individual2. D) arisen3. B) name4. F) belonging5. I) opposed6. J) scientific7. H) appeals8. E) scientist9. C) unique 10. A) religiousVIII. Mass Media in BritainI.1. C2. B3. C4. A5. A6. B （和第二题重复了，删掉就行）II.1. F2. F3. F4. TIII.1. H) decades2. B) annually3. I) competition4. A) pastime5. J) basis6. F) published7. C) local8. D) aimed9. G) monthly 10. E) judgePart II The United States of AmericaChapter 1 HistoryChapter2 HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. Columbus2. English3. 13, the United States Declaration of Independence, America’s Independence Day4. American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence5. Reconstruction, Freedmen/ex-slaves/freed slaves, Federal6. Roaring TwentiesII.1. T2. F th e French and Indian War(the Seven Y ear’s War)3. T4. F the second Continental Congress5. F the US Constitution6. T7. T8. T9. F The unemployment decreased yet and remained fairly high 10. F first 11. T 12. F Bush and Al Gore 13. F no support of NA TO or an explicit UN mandate for military intervention 14. T 15. F affiliated Terrorist organizations continued to operate in Y emen and other remote areas III.Language FocusI.1. unhealthy, exposed to2. responded with, sparked, resistance3. convened, coordinate, grievances, petitioned, redress4. abolished, flourished, Mounting, agrarian, industrial5. defining, permanent, sealed, bondage6. eloquent, delivered7. discrimination, privileges, available8. crucial, struggle, backlash9. spreading, elimination, inaccurate, liberationII.(1) Proclaiming (2) endowed (3) unalienable (4) rejecting (5) sovereign (6) transformations (7) significant (8) responsible (9) independence (10) revolt (11) regulations (12) first (13) touched (14) inspireChapter 3 Government and PoliticsKnowledge FocusI.1. federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.2. legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch3. the Bill of Right4. The separation of powers5. the House of Representatives, the Senate6. 35, natural born, 14, four-year, twice7. winner takes all /first-past-the-postII.1. T2. T3. F three levels: federal, state and local4. T5. F an executive veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses6. F only the Congress7. T8. F the President is not directly elected by the people9. F Representatives serve two-year terms (Senators are elected to six-year terms by the people of each state.) 10. T 11. T 12. F the Vice President serves as the President of the Senate and may cast the decisive vote in the event 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F the number of Supreme Court Justices is also left to Congress 17. F Congress cannot abolish the Supreme Court 18. F the Democratic Party 19. T 20. F The only exception to this is the disenfranchisement of convicted felons, and in some states former felons as well.Language FocusI.1. vested2. apportioned, proportion3. staggered4. subsequent, exceeds5. contempt6. referred, oversees7. merits and flaws, opponents, compel8. calendar9. precedence 10. overturnII.1. interdependent, delineated, specified, ensures, independent, infringing, in the hands of2. sole, enact, confirm, substantial3. assigned, revenue, in the case of4. confirm, ratify, exceptions, involves5. extensive, compel, deem6. enumerated, discretion7. promotes, affordable8. advocate, temperedIII.1. through2. on3. for4. at5. over6. to7. withIV.1. safeguards2. hold3. removed4. resignation5. insulates6. apply7. concerns8. interpret9. constrainedChapter 4 Economy of the United StatesKnowledge FocusI.1. The United States is a market-oriented economy. Due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixed economy.2. A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sectors. The U.S. business firmsenjoy greater flexibility in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement, as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.3. Although the U.S. is often referred to as a free market economy, this is not entirely true, since there are government regulations protecting certain sectors, notably energy and agriculture. The federal government takes all the necessary initiatives to ensure the growth and stability of the United States.The role of government in the US economy is crucial when it comes to decision-making regarding monetary and fiscal policies. The federal government makes full use of economic tools such as money supply, tax rates, and credit control to maintain low inflation, high economic growth, and low unemployment. Besides, the Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways.II.1. T2. T3. F America remains the world's largest manufacturer4. T5. T6. T7. F the U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.8. F The United States is a market-oriented economy but due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixedeconomy.9. T 10. T 11. T 12. F the U.S. Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways. 13.F The U.S. is the second largest energy consumer in total use 14. T 15. F NASDAQ is the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States 16. TLanguage FocusI.1. embroiled2. absorbed3. crucial4. renders5. civilian6. charitable7. contractedII.1. derivatives, subprime, declining2. unified, supportive, entrepreneurial3. flexibility, counterparts, lay off4. prohibit, unduly5. inadequate, stagnation, concernsIII.1. with2. in3. on/upon4. at5. by6. forChapter 5 American EducationPreview Exercises1-6 12 secondary Ivy League sophomore SA T Harvard University/Y ale University Review exercises:I. 1-5 ACBDB 6-8 BCDII. F F F T F FIII. Questions for discussion1.What are the admission criteria into colleges for American high school students?/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html pare Chinese educational system and American educational system.3.Discuss the importance of education in your life.Language focus1. distinguished2. criterion3. encompass4. prestigious5. compulsory6. Remedial7. omprised8. benchmark9. prerequisite 10.carefreeChapter 6 American Society and CultureII-III American cultural values and social customsI. DDBCC CAAACII. CJGDH FAIBEIII. Explain the following terms in English.1. Individualism is the very core of American culture and the main value in America which hasbeen influencing all the fields of politics, economics and society, even the character of the nation. It upholds self--reliance,individual freedom, equal competition.2. Rather than a symbol of sin and decadence, American materialism has always been an integralpart of life, and people attach great importance to the pursuit of material achievement and judge people by their material possessions.3. Briefly speaking, the pioneering spirit is being optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial,tough, never yield to difficulties. American pioneers have a strong will to conquer. They are industrial and advance toward their causes without any hesitation.VI. Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topics1.1) The pioneering spirit. The pioneering spirit originating from the frontier experience hasbecome the national legacy and produced optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial, toughAmerican people who never yield to any difficulties.2) Success as a goal. Americans place a very high valuation upon success. For them, success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort－preferably measurable. 3) Frankness and Honesty . Americans are outspoken and seldom beat around the bush. They are direct and assertiv e. They also believe that “Honesty is the best policy.”4) Self-reliance and Independence. The most noticeable characteristic of the Americans is probably their sense of self-reliance and independence. Americans don’t like to depend on others, nor do they like others to depend on them.5) Progress and Change.American people Americans place great importance on progress and change. They are willing tochange from one occupation to another. Besides, Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.2.V isiting is an important part of American life, therefore, several points should be noticed.T o begin with, you should make an arrangement ahead of time. Secondly, be punctual. Y ou can only be 5 minutes earlier. And if you can't arrive on time, give a call and explain. Thirdly, you should prepare a gift. One gift is ok for the whole family and try to offer help to host in some way. Another thing you should notice is don't smoke or drink. It is always best to ask before you smoke or bring alcohol to the table. And finally, when the dinner is over, don't overstay your welcome, two or three hours after the dinner is desirable.Language Focus1. nurture2. permeate3. stance4. tangible5. expelled6. outlet7. decadence8. component IV American family and social problemsPre-reading QuestionsII. 18 nuclear family companionship Racial discrimination Drug abuse campus violenceAfter-reading ExercisesI. BCADC DABAC BDCAC DCABAII. BBDCALanguage Focus1. smuggle2. distinctive3. arson4. rife5. extinct6. flare7. dysfunction8. aggravate dandruff VI-VII American religion and holidaysKnowledge FocusI.1. The First Amendment to the Constitution2. Christianity3. Protestantism4. Baptists5. Independence Day6. Labor Day7. Turkey Day8. ChristmasII.1. T2. F Those people whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers.3. F the government requires no belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office.4. T5. T6. T7. F it is American Hindus not Jews8. T9. T 10. F originally honored the people killed in the AmericanCivil War 11. T 12. F World War I not American Civil War 13. T 14.F Christmas and Easter 15. T 16. F Halloween is not an official holiday 17. TLanguage FocusI.1. profoundly2. hinder3. meddle4. fertile5. numerically6. entwined7. agnostic8. approximately9. prevalent 10. persistent 11. proclaimed 12. accustomed 13. display II.1. resolutions, get rid of, resolve2. tireless, nonviolent3. acknowledge, grateful, implore4. promote, concern5. complements, maternal, paternalIII.1. on, through2. across3. for4. with5. in6. for7. in8. outIV.1. characterized2. flourished3. in favor of4. switched5. on the verge of6. remarkable7. consistsVIII American sports and media After-reading ExercisesI. BBII. 1-5 T NG T F NG 6-10 T NG F NG F Language Focus1. preeminent2. propaganda3. sanction4. circulation5. penetrate6. culmination7. mateur8. consolidate。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons a nd the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarterof the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ? The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese a ir raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.-known contributions during his presidency?2. What were Nixon’s wella) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes Reagan’s economic program calin order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing thefruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and becamea powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policieseconomic development on its right mentioned above helped to set the country’scourse, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abusesof the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom consists of four countries, which one is not included?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland答案：D2. Which of the following is not a major city in the United States?A. New YorkB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. Toronto答案：D3. The English language originated from which country?A. GermanyB. FranceC. EnglandD. Spain答案：C4. What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. Los AngelesD. Chicago答案：B5. Which of the following is not a traditional British sport?A. CricketB. RugbyC. American FootballD. Golf6. The Statue of Liberty is located in which city?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. San Francisco答案：A7. Which of the following is not a British colony?A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. Brazil答案：D8. The United States declared its independence from which country?A. FranceC. Great BritainD. Germany答案：C9. Which of the following is not a major British holiday?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Boxing Day答案：C10. The American Civil War took place between which years?A. 1861-1865B. 1812-1814C. 1775-1783D. 1914-1918答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ______.答案：Northern Ireland2. The official language of the United Kingdom is ______.答案：English3. The United States is divided into ______ states.答案：fifty4. The largest city in the United Kingdom is ______.答案：London5. The currency of the United Kingdom is the ______.答案：Pound Sterling6. The United States is bordered by ______ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada7. The first permanent English settlement in the Americas was established at ______.答案：Jamestown8. The American Revolution began with the ______.答案：Boston Tea Party9. The ______ is the highest court in the United Kingdom.答案：Supreme Court10. The ______ is the national anthem of the United States.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Describe the geographical features of the United Kingdom.答案：The United Kingdom is an island nation located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including the rolling hills of the countryside, the rugged coastlines, and the bustling cities. The climate is generally temperate, with mild winters and cool summers.2. Explain the significance of the American Revolution.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that marked the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It was fought between 1775 and 1783 and resulted in the colonies breaking free from British rule. The revolution was significant for its impact on the principles of democracy, self-governance, and the establishment of a republic based on the rule of law and the consent of the governed.3. Discuss the role of immigration in shaping the United States.答案：Immigration has played a crucial role in shaping the United States, both demographically and culturally. From the early settlers to the waves of immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America, the country has been a melting pot of diverse cultures. Immigration has contributed to the economic growth, cultural richness, and thedevelopment of a unique American identity that values diversity and the pursuit of the American Dream.4. What are the main branches of the UK government?答案：The UK government is structured into three main branches: the Monarchy, the Parliament, and the Judiciary. The Monarchy, currently headed by Queen Elizabeth II, serves as a ceremonial figurehead. The Parliament, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, is responsible for making laws. The Judiciary, with the Supreme Court at its head, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently.四、论述题（20分）1. Discuss the cultural influences of the United States on the world.答案：The United States has had a profound cultural influence on the world, particularly in the areas of music, film, television, and literature. American pop culture, with its emphasis on individualism and innovation, has spread globally through various media. Hollywood films have become a dominant force in the global entertainment industry, shaping global tastes and preferences. American music genres such as jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, and hip-hop have also had a significant impact, influencing music worldwide. Additionally, American literature,with its diverse voices and themes, has contributed to global literature and thought. The United States' influence is also seen in its technological advancements, which have transformed communication, business, and everyday life around the world.请注意，以上试题及答案仅供参考，实际考试内容和形式可能有所不同。

1. What is the full name of the .?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocatedfree trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况(A)答案及评分标准
I. Multiple Choices. (30 points, 2 points for each)
1-5 CAADA; 6-10 BCDDC; 11-15 CABDC;
II. True or False Questions. (20 points, 2 points for each)
1-5 TFTTF; 6-10 FTTTF
III. Translating. (20 points, 2 points for each)
1、日耳曼人的部落；
2、维金人或北欧海盗；
3、英国的宗教改革；
4、清教主义；
5、“愿为女王陛下效劳”；
6、英联邦；
7、约翰牛；
8、议员；
9、阿尔斯特（爱尔兰北部地区的旧称）或北爱尔兰10、路透社；
IV. Answer the following questions. (30 points, 15 points for each)
评分标准：
5分以下—跑题且语言质量很差。

5-9分—不够切题，仅涉及到一些和给定题目相关的内容，且泛泛而谈，语病很多影响理解。

10-14分—切题，史实基本正确，理由比较充分，语病较多但不影响理解，有一定的说服力。

15分—史实正确，理由充分，比较有说服力，语句比较流畅，用词大多准确。

英美概况复习题参考答案一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 阿拉斯加，夏威夷，阿拉斯加，太平，火奴鲁鲁/檀香山2．阿拉巴契亚，落基3．苏格兰，威尔士4．好莱坞，洛杉矶5．大西，英吉利，北6．大宪章7．塞文，泰晤士8．密西西比河9．大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国10．大不列颠，爱尔兰二、单项选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）三、判断题（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）四、名词翻译（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1．Church of England2．Magna Carta/ The Great Charter3．cabinet4．Declaration of Independence5．Constitution6. Mayflower7. Shadow Cabinet8. Republican Party9. Labor Party10. Supreme Court五、问答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1. 工业革命的展开和工业资本主义的发展，工人阶级力量的壮大；1832年的英国议会改革，使工业资产阶级获得了选举权，工人阶级却被排斥于议会之外；工人与资本家的矛盾日益尖锐，工人的生活悲惨；1838年，伦敦工人协会的工人领袖与议会的激进派议员共同草拟了一份请愿书，并命名为“人民宪章”。

2. 经济：生产力迅速发展；政治：巩固了资本主义各国的统治基础，引起了社会结，构的重大变革，出现两大对立阶级；生活：城市化。

人们的生活方式和价值观在逐渐变化；国际关系：密切了世界各地之间的联系，改变了世界的面貌，最终确立了资产阶级对世界的统治。

3. 北美独立战争是一个伟大的历史事件。

它推翻了英国在北美的殖民统治，使北美成为独立自主的资产阶级民主共和国；解放了美国的生产力，为美国资本主义的发展扫清了道路；在国际上，它推动了法国资产阶级革命，促进了英国的民主改革，影响了欧洲各国的资产阶级革命；它也给当时整个美洲的民族独立运动以深远的影响。