Paper 3 Question & Answer Combined P3 QBook_精装版 v4

Examiner marked exemplars for Topic 6 Carbon cycle and energy securityA Level GeographyPearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Geography (9GE0)ContentsIntroduction (2)SAMs Paper 1 Question 4(d) ‘Assess’ 12 marks (3)Question (3)Mark Scheme (4)Exemplars and examiner commentaries (5)IntroductionThis guide has been created using student responses to the A level Geography Paper 1 SAMs and focusses on Question 4 part (d) which is assessing Topic 6 Carbon cycle and energy security. The answers and examiner commentaries in this guide can be used to show the standards in the 12 mark ‘Assess’ extended response question.Paper 1 exam structurePaper 1 assesses the physical geography topics in the A level Geography specification and is split into 3 sections:Section A: Students answer all question partsQuestion 1: Tectonic Processes and HazardsSection B: Students answer either Question 2 or Question 3Question 2: Glaciated Landscape and ChangeQuestion 3: Coastal Landscape and ChangeSection C: Students answer all question partsQuestion 4: The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity and The Carbon Cycle and Energy SecurityThe exam duration is 2 hours and 15 minutes. The paper is marked out of 105 marks and is worth 30% of the qualification.The exam paper will include open response, calculation and resource-linked questions and calculators will be required. The marks per question item increase throughout each question so that each question will culminate with an extended open response question. Question 1 will culminate in a 12 mark extended open response question. Questions 2, 3 and 4 will culminate in a 20 mark extended open response question.Our command words are defined in our specification, please see page 95, and will remain the same for the lifetime of the specification. Questions will only ever use a single command word and command words are used consistently across question types and mark tariffs. Our AS and A level Geography Getting Started Guide contains more information about the command words and mark tariffs used for different types of questions.SAMs Paper 1 Question 4(d) ‘Assess’ 12 marks QuestionMark SchemeExemplar AClimate change can change the rate of fluxes and size of stores within the biogeochemical cycle of the carbon cycle, and unbalancing it as such can cause positive feedback (one disturbance in the feedback loop leads to a greater disturbance) and negative feedback (one disturbance in the feedback loop leads to the system trying to reduce the impacts of the change). It is important to consider both the long term and short term of this on the carbon cycle.An increase in global temperature will lead to permafrost thawing. Permafrost contains potent greenhouse gas CH4 and CO² from ancient organisms, and when thawed, will release these gases into the atmosphere, thereby increasing the size of the atmospheric store by a huge amount, since permafrost is a huge store of carbon. The carbon released from the permafrost will not be used back up very quickly (it takes centuries) therefore this will have the most significant impact on the atmospheric carbon store.The effect described previously will likely lead to increases in plant productivity as the rate of photosynthesis increases with CO² availability; the phenomenon is known as CO² fertilisation. This may increase the size of the plant biosphere, or in figure 4B, the sphagnum moss and lichens, due to an increased rate of sequestration to this store. This will then increase the amount of litter due to leaf fall and plant death, which is a short medium term store of carbon that will be soon decomposed by soil microorganisms, which will release CO² into the atmosphere. This flux from soil microorganisms to the atmosphere may be larger than normal due to there being more litter due to a greater biomass of plants, therefore possibly increasing the size of the atmospheric store of carbon. Additionally, the increased growth of the plants due to CO² will require more respiration to occur, which also releases carbon into the atmosphere, further increasing the size of the store. The biosphere is a relatively large store of carbon, so fluxes from this could have a significant impact on the size of the atmospheric and soil carbon stores.However, CO² fertilisation is limited by nutrient availability and light intensity therefore plants may not grow very much, which shows that the permafrost melting will have a much more significant impact on unbalancing the carbon cycle and increasing the atmospheric store of carbon. The melting of permafrost initiatives a positive feedback loop. Ultimately, while increased sequestration may have an impact on the carbon cycle, it does not parallel the impact that the melting of permafrost will have on the carbon cycle in both the short and the long term.Examiner commentaryExemplar BClimate warming is the slow increase in Earth’s overall atmospheric temperatures. This is due to the increase levels of carbon dioxide and methane emission caused mostly by human interference. The human interference adds to the unbalancing on the natural greenhouse gas effect. The arctic is the most quickly warming place in the world.On Figure 4b you can see a positive feedback loop, it suggests that in the future the global temperature will increase. This will have positive and negative effects on the Earth. It also suggests that all the components are interlinked and a change in one will affect everything. Though, the effects will have long lasting effect (Centuries and decades).Sphagnum moss is a small green plant and lichens are slow growing plants. They are both organisms that take in a huge amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This will have a positive effect on the carbon cycle as it will take in some of the excess carbon created in another areas of the carbon cycle.Soil stores 20-30% of global carbon. The capacity to store depends on the climate. Decomposition happens more quickly in higher climate and also, arid (dry) soil stores only 30 tonnes per hectare whilst 800 tonnes in cold places. Correspondingly, soil types and management can affect soil storage. Since the industrial revolution soil has lost over 50 billion tonnes of carbon through farming and other sorts of disturbance. Permafrost is permanently frozen soil and occurs mostly in high latitudes. Due to increasing global temperatures permafrost is at risk of melting. Melting permafrost risk releasing the stored carbon in the form of CO² and methane, which will also have added to the increasing greenhouse gas effect and climate change. It will also cause changes in plant species composition at high latitudes. It also effects landscapes, because it’s melting causes erosion, which leads to the disappearance of lakes, landslides and ground subsidence. Therefore, it adds more CO² into the carbon cycle, which makes the cycle unbalanced. Permafrost is mostly found cold places such as Siberia and norther Canada. Also, these tundra biome areas have melting ice leaving ground visible (albedo) which does reflect as much radiation.In conclusion there are many negative and positive impacts due to lichens, soil health and permafrost. Permafrost thaws and soil carbon can have negative impacts on the components of the carbon cycle. Whereas moss and lichens can have a positive effect.Examiner commentaryExemplar CThe carbon cycle is a biogeological cycle consisting of stores, fluxes and flows. Due to anthropogenic activity increasing after the industrial revolution the climate is warming, disrupting the cycle in many ways.Since 2015, CO² emissions have increased by 65% annually, mainly due to China and India. This warming of the atmosphere effects the thermohaline circulation, as the sea warms the ice melts and the Arctic waters become less salty and so aren’t as dens e. Therefore the start of the circulation cannot occur. This effects the whole system because then carbon rich water does not reach the tropics, effecting wildlife. It also causes a reduction in temperatures in Europe as the Gulf Stream will no longer bring warm air. This will change the climate drastically causing vegetation to experience drastic effects. This is especially important as the oceans carry 50% more carbon than the atmosphere.As well as this, warming is increasing ocean acidification meaning the carbonate pump is not as efficient. This is because organisms with carbon shells can’t make thick, strong shells due to the reaction between the shells and acidification. This causes a reduction in carbon that reaches the ocean floor ready to form rocks such as the white cliffs of Dover. Acidification also effects coral reefs, they will no longer be able to grow if the oceans fell below 7-8 pH and they are currently 8.1pH.Finally, warming can increase precipitation in many parts of the world and so this will effect vegetational carbon stores as plants will have to adapt. Event through this isn’t such an important aspect as the stores are short term and fluxes are quicker, it still effects whole ecosystems that rely on the vegetation to survive.To conclude, climate warming has disastrous impacts on the carbon cycle. However, the most important effect is on the ocean as this is the biggest store of the carbon. It also has effects on the rest of the globe due to processes such as the thermohaline circulation.Pearson Edexcel A level Geography Topic 6 ExemplarsExaminer commentary10(c) Pearson Education Ltd 2018。

2023年3月英语b级考试真题试卷及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 March B-Level English Exam PaperPart 1: Reading Comprehension (40 points) Section A: Multiple Choice (15 points)1. According to the passage, what is the main cause of climate change?A. DeforestationB. Industrial emissionsC. Natural disastersD. Agricultural practices2. Why is sustainable development important for future generations?A. It helps reduce povertyB. It protects the environmentC. It promotes economic growthD. It ensures global stability3. What is the primary objective of the Paris Agreement?A. To reduce carbon emissionsB. To promote renewable energyC. To increase global cooperationD. To limit global warming t o 2°C4. How can individuals contribute to combating climate change?A. By using public transportationB. By reducing water consumptionC. By planting treesD. By recycling waste5. According to the passage, what is the role of governments in combating climate change?A. Enforcing strict regulationsB. Investing in renewable energyC. Promoting sustainable practicesD. All of the aboveSection B: True or False (15 points)Instructions: Read the following statements and indicate whether they are true (T) or false (F).1. Sustainable development only focuses on economic growth.2. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to1.5°C.3. Deforestation is a major contributor to climate change.4. Individuals can make a positive impact on the environment by recycling.5. Governments have a responsibility to enforce regulations to combat climate change.Part 2: Writing (60 points)Section A: Essay Writing (30 points)Topic: Discuss the importance of sustainable development in combating climate change. Provide examples of how individuals and governments can contribute to this effort.Section B: Letter Writing (30 points)Instructions: Write a letter to your local government expressing your concerns about the impact of climate change on your community. Suggest specific actions that can be taken to address this issue.Answer Key:Part 1: Reading ComprehensionSection A:1. B. Industrial emissions2. B. It protects the environment3. D. To limit global warming to 2°C4. D. By recycling waste5. D. All of the aboveSection B:1. False2. False3. True4. True5. TruePart 2: WritingSection A: Essay Writing(Answers may vary)Section B: Letter Writing(Answers may vary)This marks the end of the 2023 March B-Level English Exam Paper. Good luck!篇22023年3月英语B级考试真题试卷及答案Part 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-5: Choose the best option to complete the sentences.1. The new movie that came out last week has been receiving _________ reviews from critics.A. negativeB. mixedC. positiveD. neutral2. It is important to _________ your computer regularly to prevent it from crashing.A. updateB. upgradeC. restartD. uninstall3. The company's decision to downsize led to a lot of_________ among the employees.A. celebrationsB. confusionC. excitementD. appreciation4. The recent increase in the price of oil has caused _________ in the global market.A. stabilityB. volatilityC. growthD. prosperity5. The new shopping mall that opened downtown is expected to _________ business in the area.A. boostB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. maintainQuestions 6-10: Read the passage and answer the questions.The Gig EconomyThe gig economy is a term used to describe the growing trend of companies hiring freelancers and independent contractors for short-term projects rather than full-time employees. This trend has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness for businesses. However, critics argue that the gig economy leads to job insecurity and lack of benefits for workers.6. What is the gig economy?7. Why has the gig economy become popular?8. What are some criticisms of the gig economy?9. What are the benefits of the gig economy for businesses?10. How can workers in the gig economy protect themselves from job insecurity?Part 2: WritingEssay Question: In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards remote work and flexible schedules. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend, and provide your opinion on whether you think it is a positive development for the workforce.Part 3: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio recording and answer the following questions.1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. Why does the man prefer to work from home?3. What are the challenges the woman mentions about working remotely?4. According to the conversation, what are some strategies for staying productive while working from home?5. How does the conversation end?Part 4: SpeakingRole Play: You are a freelance graphic designer interviewing for a project with a potential client. Role-play the conversation with the examiner.Overall, the 2023 March English B-level exam focuses on testing students' reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in real-life scenarios. It covers a range of topics including current trends in the workforce, advantages and disadvantages of different work environments, and strategies for success in today's job market. Good luck to all the test-takers!篇32023 March B-level English Exam PaperPart I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A: DialoguesDirections: In this section, you will hear several dialogues. After each dialogue, you will hear a question about the dialogue. Both the dialogue and the question will be spoken only once. When you hear the question, you must select the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A) She doesn't want to go to the concert.B) She has already seen the band play.C) She doesn't like the music.D) She has to study for an exam.2. A) In the living room.B) In the kitchen.C) In the bedroom.D) In the bathroom.Section B: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear several passages. After each passage, you will hear several questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you must select the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the passage you have just heard.3. A) They are going on a summer vacation.B) They are planning a trip to Europe.C) They don't have enough money for the trip.D) They are going to visit their relatives.4. A) Buy a new car.B) Take a trip to Europe.C) Save money for the future.D) Help with the renovation of their house.Part II: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A: Multiple Choice (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully. There are 5 questions in this section. For each question, choose the best answer from the options given.Famous British author J. K. Rowling has become well-known for her Harry Potter series of books. The first book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone," was published in 1997 and became an instant hit. Since then, Rowling has published six more books in the series, each one just as successful as the last. The Harry Potter series follows the story ofa young wizard named Harry Potter and his adventures at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.5. When was the first Harry Potter book published?A) 1996B) 1997C) 1998D) 19996. How many books are in the Harry Potter series?A) 6B) 7C) 8D) 9Section B: Fill in the Blanks (10 points)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the box.After filling in the blanks, check your answers with the passage to ensure they make sense.Section C: True or False (5 points)Directions: Read the following statements carefully. If the statement is true, write "True" on the Answer Sheet. If the statement is false, write "False" on the Answer Sheet.Part III: Writing (30 points)Section A: Short Essay (20 points)Directions: Write a short essay (150-200 words) on the following topic: "The Importance of Learning a Second Language."Section B: Letter Writing (10 points)Directions: Write a letter to a friend inviting them to a party or event. Include details such as the date, time, location, and any other relevant information.Answer Key:1. D) She has to study for an exam.2. A) In the living room.3. B) They are going on a summer vacation.4. C) Save money for the future.5. B) 19976. B) 7---This is a fictional exam paper for the 2023 March B-level English Exam. It includes sections on Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, and Writing. Students can use this as a practice test to prepare for their upcoming exams.。

23年英一text3第三题In this article, we will discuss the topic of "23-year English Literature Paper 1 Text 3, question 3". This question focuses on analyzing the language and structure used in a specific text. We will delve into the text, explore its language and structure, and provide a comprehensive analysis.The given text for this question is a passage from a novel or a play. It is important to understand that this article is not a direct response to the question but rather an analysis of the text. However, we will ensure that the content satisfies the requirements of the task and provides a detailed understanding of the text.The chosen passage for this analysis is from Shakespeare's play, "Macbeth". The excerpt is taken from Act 1, Scene 5, where Lady Macbeth receives a letter from her husband informing her about the witches' prophecy.Firstly, let's examine the language used in the text. Shakespeare's language in this passage is characteristically poetic and rich in imagery. For instance, Lady Macbeth says, "Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised." Here, the language is concise but powerful, using metaphors and the future tense to emphasize the prophecy. The repetitive use of "art" and "shalt be" creates a sense of certainty and conviction.Additionally, the structure of the passage is significant. The dialogue between Lady Macbeth and the messenger is brief but impactful. Lady Macbeth's response to the letter is conveyed through a monologue, which allows the audience to understand her thoughts and emotions. This structure provides insight into Lady Macbeth's character, revealing her ambition and the lengths she is willing to go to achieve her desires.Moreover, the use of soliloquy in this passage allows the audience to witness Lady Macbeth's inner thoughts and desires. This technique creates a sense of intimacy and establishes a connection between the audience and the character. Lady Macbeth's soliloquy reveals her determination to manipulate Macbeth into fulfilling the witches' prophecy, showcasing her persuasive abilities.Furthermore, the passage contains a significant amount of dramatic irony. Lady Macbeth believes that her husband is too kind-hearted and lacks the ruthlessness to seize the throne. She calls upon supernatural forces to "unsex" her and fill her with cruelty. However, the audience knows that Macbeth has already been influenced by the witches and has murderous thoughts. This dramatic irony adds depth to the scene and foreshadows the tragic events that will unfold.In conclusion, this article has provided a detailed analysis of the given passage from Shakespeare's "Macbeth" for the 23-year English Literature Paper 1 Text 3, question 3. We have explored the language and structure used in the text, highlighting the poetic and metaphorical language, the use of soliloquy, and the presence of dramatic irony. By thoroughly examining the text, we have fulfilled the requirements of the task and provided a comprehensive understanding of the given passage.。

PEP小学三年级下册英语测验(答案和解释)(共50道题)下面有答案和解题分析一、综合题1.They _______ (play/plays) football on weekends.2.I _______ (eat) breakfast at 7 o’clock every day.3.They _______ (play) the piano very well.4.They _______ (watch / watches / watched) TV every evening.5.I _______ (run) in the park now.plete the sentence with the correct preposition: We arrived at the airport early, but our flight _______ (arrive) _______ 12:30. We waited for a while and then went to the waiting area _______ the plane. After that, we boarded _______ the gate and flew _______ the sky.7.They _______ (enjoy/enjoys) playing basketball.8.They ________ (play) football now.9.What is the plural form of "book"?A. BookesB. BooksC. BookesD. Bookies10.She _______ (watch) cartoons on weekends.11.Which one is a mode of transportation?A. TableB. CarC. TelevisionD. Refrigerator12.What do we use to write on paper?A. BrushB. SpoonC. PenD. Plate13.He _______ (go) to the park every weekend.14.I _______ (not) understand this question.15.What do we drink from?A. PlateB. CupC. SpoonD. Fork16.Which animal says "Moo"?A. DogB. CowC. CatD. Horse17.What do we use to clean the floor?A. BroomB. SpoonC. PlateD. Chair18.We _______ (study) math in the morning.19.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. SoftD. Wet20.She ________ (speak) three languages.21.They _______ (play) football on weekends.22.What do you drink when youre thirsty?A. WaterB. MilkC. JuiceD. All of the above23.They _______ (not/play) basketball this afternoon.24.Tom loves sports and plays __________ after school every day. He is very good at __________ and is on the school team. Tom’s best friend, Mike, plays __________, and they often practice together. Tomorrow, they have a big __________ against another school. Tom is feeling excited and a little __________ because it is an important game. He hopes they will __________ and win the match.25.Which of these is a means of transportation?A. CarB. PlateC. KnifeD. Book26.What do we drink?A. FoodB. WaterC. PaperD. Table27.He _______ (play/plays) the guitar very well.28.We _______ (watch) a football match tomorrow.29.I _______ (enjoy/enjoys) reading books.30.He _______ (not/study) English right now.31.I _______ (not / don’t / doesn’t) have a pet.32.What is the opposite of “hot”?A. WarmB. CoolC. WetD. High33.Which one is used to play a game?A. BallB. SpoonC. ChairD. Plate34.Tom is getting ready for his school trip to the museum. He puts some snacks into his __________ and takes a __________ to write down what he learns. On the way to the museum, the bus stops at a red __________, and Tom can see a __________ crossing the road. When they arrive at the museum, Tom is excited to see the ancient __________ on display.35.Which of these is a shape?A. SquareB. PlateC. DogD. Spoon36.They _______ (want / wants / wanted) to play football after school.37.She _______ (have/has) a new dress.38.We _______ (have / has / had) a dog.39.Yesterday, we __________ (1) a birthday party for my friend Anna. She__________ (2) a lot of presents. We __________ (3) cake and ice cream, and we__________ (4) music. It __________ (5) a fun party, and everyone __________ (6) happy.40.He _______ (was / were / is) sick yesterday.41.What do you use to write?A. SpoonB. ForkC. PenD. Cup42.Which of these is a number?A. SixB. TableC. DogD. Chair43.David is going on a camping trip with his family. He brings a __________ to sleep in, a __________ to cook food, and a __________ to light the campfire. They also bring __________ to keep warm at night. David is excited to enjoy the outdoors and spend time with his family.44.He _______ (sing) a song now.45.Which of these animals can swim?A. DogB. FishC. BirdD. Lion46.Which one is a means of transport?A. ChairB. AirplaneC. TableD. Bed47.He _______ (study) math every morning.48.Which of these is a healthy food?A. CakeB. AppleC. SodaD. Candy49.How do we say "谢谢" in English?A. PleaseB. SorryC. Thank youD. Welcome50.David is at the __________ learning to swim. He is practicing floating on his__________. The swimming coach is helping him to __________ correctly. David feels a little nervous at first, but he soon becomes more __________ as he learns. After the lesson, David feels proud of his new swimming __________.(答案及解释)。

I True or false.（2points*10）1.Richard has utility function U(x,y) = x +2y. If the price of x is 1 and theprice of y is 1/2; then Richard must consume equal amounts of both goodsin order to maximize his utility.2. A consumer’s utility function is U(x1, x2) = min{x1, 2x2}. If Good 2 has aprice of zero,the consumer will always prefer more of Good 2 to less.3. A consumer’s utility function is U(x ,y)=min{x ,2y }.If the price of goodx is zero and the price of good y is p, then the consumer's demandfunction for good y is m/2p.4.If a person is a net supplier of a normal good and its price increases whileall other prices stay the same, then his demand for the good mustdecrease.5.Market demand curve is simply the horizontal summation of individualdemand curves.6.The economist's distinction between long and short run captures the ideathat quantities of some factor inputs can be varied in the short run but notin the long run.7. A firm uses a single variable input x to produce outputs according to theproduction function f (x) = 300x-5x2.This firm has fixed costs of $300.This firm's short run marginal cost curve lies below its short run averagevariable cost curve for all positive values of x.8.Third degree price discrimination occurs when a monopolist sells outputto different people at different prices, but every unit that an individualbuys costs the same amount.9.In the Bertrand model of duopoly, each firm sets its price, believing thatthe other's price will not change. When both firms have identicalproduction functions and produce with constant returns to scale, theBertrand equilibrium price is equal to marginal cost.10.While game theory predicts non-cooperative behavior for a single play ofprisoners' dilemma, it would predict cooperative tit-for-tat behavior if thesame people play prisoners' dilemma together for, say, 20 rounds.II Fill in the blanks for the following questions （2points*10）:11. Charlie's utility function is B A B A x x x x U =),(. If Charlie's income were 40,the price of apples were 3 and the price of bananas were 7, how manyapples would there be in the best bundle that Charlie could afford?_____________12. In Problem 12.9, Billy has a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function 21)(c c U =. If Billy is not injured this season, he will receive anincome of 4 million dollars. If he is injured, his income will be only$10,000. The probability that he will be injured is 0.1 and the probabilitythat he will not be injured is 0.9. His expected utility is____________.13. Suppose that Dent Carr's long run total cost of repairing s cars per weekis 82)(2+=s s c .If the price he receives for repairing a car is 16, then inthe long run, how many cars will he fix per week if he maximizesprofits?________________14. A situation where everyone is playing a dominant strategy must be a______________equilibrium.15. A firm has the long run cost function 1127)(2+=q q C . In the long run, itwill supply a positive amount of output, so long as the price is greaterthan_____________.III. Calculation (25 points)1. A monopolist can sell outputs Q 1 and Q 2 in two markets that are effectively isolated from one another. His cost function is C = 1988 + 29Q + Q 2 / 40, where Q = Q 1 + Q 2 . The demand in the two markets are given by Q 1 = 480 - 4 P 1 and Q 2 = 200 - 2 P 2 respectively.a. How much does he sell in each market? Compare the prices and the priceelasticities of demand in the two markets; (10 points)b. If the markets are not separated any more and he must charge the same price in the two markets, what price does he charge? How much does he sell in each market? ( 10 points)c. Calculate the profit change from Case a) to Case b). (5 points)IV. Graphing and Analysis (35 points)1. Following the analysis of the former question, graph to show:(1) Graph to show roughly your solution to Case a) if instead C = 1988 + Q2 / 10; (10 points)(2) By the inner market we call the market with AR i curve south-west to the other market in (1). Suppose now the inner market imposes a crazy sales tax of 50% on purchases.Show graphically in the same diagram how the prices and the quantities would change.(5 points)(Hint: Graph the change of the corresponding demand curve first.)2. The price of bread is strictly controlled. Loaves of bread cost $1 each at the government store. However, a consumer can purchase only 5 loaves at the government store, and any additional loaves cost $5 on the black market. The consumer has an income of $30 and purchases bread and one other good, X. The priceof X is $1.A Draw the consumer's budget constraint. (5 points)B Suppose the market for bread is decontrolled, and the price is $2 a loaf. Draw the new budget constraint on the same diagram. (5 points)C On the diagram, show a consumer who prefers the new policy. (5 points)D On a new graph with both the old and the new budget constraints, show a consumer who is indifferent between the two policies. (5 points)。

第1篇Introduction:Quantum entanglement, one of the most intriguing and challenging concepts in quantum mechanics, has puzzled scientists for over a century. This phenomenon, where particles become interconnected regardless of the distance separating them, has far-reaching implications for our understanding of the universe and potential technological advancements. In this interview question, we will delve into the scientific principles of quantum entanglement, its experimental validations, and the potential applications it may offer in the future.Section 1: Introduction to Quantum Entanglement1.1 Definition of Quantum Entanglement:Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles become linked in such a way that the quantum stateof each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by large distances.1.2 Historical Background:The concept of quantum entanglement was first introduced by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen in 1935 in their famous paper titled "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?" This paper, often referred to as the EPR paradox, sparked a debate on the completeness and interpretation of quantum mechanics.1.3 Quantum Mechanics and Classical Mechanics:Quantum entanglement is a quintessential feature of quantum mechanics, which fundamentally differs from classical mechanics. In classical mechanics, the state of a system is determined by the positions and velocities of its particles, while in quantum mechanics, particles exist in a probabilistic state until measured.Section 2: The Principles of Quantum Entanglement2.1 Superposition:Superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, which states that a quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This principle allows particles to be entangled, as their combined state cannot be described by the state of each particle individually.2.2 Non-locality:Non-locality is the idea that quantum entangled particles can instantaneously affect each other's states, regardless of the distance separating them. This concept challenges the principle of locality in classical physics, which dictates that no physical influence can travel faster than the speed of light.2.3 Bell's Inequality:John Bell proposed an inequality in 1964 that sets a limit on the amount of non-local correlations that can exist between particles in classical physics. Quantum entanglement violates Bell's inequality, providing experimental evidence for the non-local nature of quantum mechanics.Section 3: Experimental Validations of Quantum Entanglement3.1 Alain Aspect's Experiment:In 1982, Alain Aspect conducted a groundbreaking experiment that confirmed the violation of Bell's inequality, providing strong evidence for quantum entanglement and non-locality. His experiment involved measuring the polarizations of photons emitted from a source and showed that the correlations between the photons exceeded the limits set byBell's inequality.3.2 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):Quantum key distribution is a secure communication protocol that leverages the principles of quantum entanglement. It allows two parties to share a secret key with the guarantee that any eavesdropping can be detected. QKD has been experimentally demonstrated over long distances, such as satellite-based communication links.3.3 Quantum Computing:Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource for quantum computing, which aims to solve complex problems much faster than classical computers. Quantum computers use qubits, which are entangled particles, to perform calculations by exploiting superposition and interference.Section 4: Implications for Future Technologies4.1 Quantum Communication:Quantum entanglement has the potential to revolutionize communication by enabling secure, long-distance communication using QKD. This technology could be crucial for establishing secure networks and protecting sensitive information.4.2 Quantum Computing:Quantum entanglement is essential for the development of quantum computers, which have the potential to solve complex problems in cryptography, material science, and optimization. Quantum computers could also simulate quantum systems, leading to new discoveries in chemistry, physics, and biology.4.3 Quantum Sensing:Quantum entanglement can be used to enhance the sensitivity of quantum sensors, which have applications in various fields, including gravitational wave detection, quantum metrology, and precision measurement.Conclusion:Quantum entanglement, with its fascinating principles and experimental validations, has the potential to reshape our understanding of the universe and enable groundbreaking technological advancements. From secure communication to powerful quantum computers, the implications of quantum entanglement are vast and far-reaching. As scientists continue to explore this intriguing phenomenon, we can expect even more exciting developments in the field of quantum physics and its applications.第2篇Introduction:Quantum entanglement, one of the most fascinating and enigmatic phenomena in the realm of physics, has intrigued scientists and philosophers alike for decades. This interview delves into the depths of quantum entanglement, exploring its origins, implications, and potential applications. Dr. Emily Newton, a renowned quantum physicist, shares her insights and experiences in this field.Part 1: The Basics of Quantum EntanglementQuestion 1: Can you explain what quantum entanglement is and how it differs from classical entanglement?Dr. Newton:Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in which two or more particles become interconnected, such that the quantum state of one particle instantaneously correlates with the state of another, regardless of the distance separating them. This correlation persists even when the particles are separated by vast distances, which defies the principles of classical physics.In classical entanglement, such as the entanglement of a pair of dice, the outcome of one die is independent of the other. If you roll a six on one die, it does not affect the outcome of the other die. However, in quantum entanglement, the particles are not independent; their quantum states are correlated in such a way that measuring one particle's state instantly determines the state of the other particle, regardless of the distance between them.Question 2: How was quantum entanglement discovered, and what were the early reactions to this phenomenon?Dr. Newton:Quantum entanglement was first predicted by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen in their famous EPR paradox paper in 1935.They proposed a thought experiment involving two entangled particlesthat seemed to violate the principle of locality, which states that no information can travel faster than the speed of light.The initial reaction to the EPR paradox was skepticism, with Einstein famously dismissing quantum entanglement as "spooky action at a distance." However, subsequent experiments, such as those conducted by John Bell in the 1960s, provided strong evidence in favor of quantum entanglement, leading to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the quantum world.Part 2: The Mechanics of Quantum EntanglementQuestion 3: What are the key factors that contribute to the formation of entangled particles?Dr. Newton:The formation of entangled particles is a result of their interaction during the process of measurement or preparation. For example, when two particles are created together in an entangled state, their quantum states become correlated due to their shared history. This correlationis a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics and cannot be explained by classical physics.Another way to create entangled particles is through a process called entanglement swapping, where two particles are initially entangled with a third particle, and then the third particle is separated from thefirst two. This results in the first two particles becoming entangled with each other, even though they have never interacted directly.Question 4: Can you explain the concept of quantum superposition and how it relates to entanglement?Dr. Newton:Quantum superposition is the principle that a quantum system can existin multiple states simultaneously until it is measured. This is analogous to a coin spinning in the air, which can be either heads or tails until it lands on one side.In the context of entanglement, superposition plays a crucial role. When two particles are entangled, their combined quantum state is a superposition of the individual states of each particle. This means that the particles can exhibit non-local correlations that are not determined until a measurement is made.Part 3: The Implications of Quantum EntanglementQuestion 5: How does quantum entanglement challenge our understanding of the universe?Dr. Newton:Quantum entanglement challenges our classical understanding of the universe in several ways. Firstly, it defies the principle of locality, which has been a cornerstone of physics for centuries. The idea that particles can instantaneously influence each other across vast distances suggests that the fabric of space-time may not be as fixed as we once thought.Secondly, quantum entanglement raises questions about the nature of reality itself. If particles can be correlated in such a way that their states are instantaneously connected, it challenges the idea that objects have definite properties independent of observation.Question 6: Are there any practical applications of quantum entanglement?Dr. Newton:Yes, there are several potential applications of quantum entanglement. One of the most promising is in quantum computing, where entangled particles can be used to perform complex calculations at speeds unattainable by classical computers. Quantum entanglement is also essential for quantum cryptography, which can be used to create unbreakable encryption methods.Moreover, entanglement has been used in quantum teleportation, where the state of a particle can be transmitted instantaneously from one location to another, potentially leading to new communication technologies.Conclusion:Quantum entanglement remains one of the most intriguing and challenging phenomena in physics. Dr. Emily Newton's insights into the mechanics and implications of this phenomenon provide a deeper understanding of the quantum world and its potential applications. As we continue to explore the mysteries of quantum entanglement, we may uncover new ways to harness its power and reshape our understanding of the universe.第3篇IntroductionQuantum entanglement, one of the most intriguing and mysterious phenomena in the field of quantum mechanics, has captured the imagination of scientists and the public alike. This question invites candidates to delve into the concept of quantum entanglement, its underlying principles, experimental demonstrations, and the potential implications it holds for future technology.Part 1: Introduction to Quantum Entanglement1.1 Definition and Basic PrinciplesQuantum entanglement refers to a phenomenon where two or more particles become interconnected in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when they are separated by large distances. This correlation persists regardless of the distance between the particles, which challenges our classical understanding of locality and separability.1.2 Historical ContextThe concept of quantum entanglement was first introduced by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen in their famous EPR paradox paper in 1935. They described entanglement as "spooky action at a distance," suggesting that it defied the principles of local realism. However, subsequent experiments and theoretical developments have confirmed the reality of entanglement.Part 2: Theoretical Underpinnings of Quantum Entanglement2.1 Quantum SuperpositionQuantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that allows particles to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This principle is crucial for understanding entanglement, as it enables particles to become correlated in a way that is not possible inclassical physics.2.2 Quantum Correlation and EntanglementQuantum entanglement arises from the non-classical correlations between particles. When particles become entangled, their quantum states become linked, and the state of one particle instantaneously influences the state of the other, regardless of the distance separating them.2.3 Bell's TheoremJohn Bell formulated a theorem in 1964 that demonstrated the incompatibility of quantum mechanics with local realism. Experimentsthat violate Bell's inequalities have confirmed the existence of quantum entanglement and its non-local nature.Part 3: Experimental Demonstrations of Quantum Entanglement3.1 Bell Test ExperimentsBell test experiments have been conducted to test the predictions of quantum mechanics and to demonstrate the non-local nature of entanglement. These experiments involve measuring the properties of entangled particles and analyzing the correlations between them.3.2 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)Quantum Key Distribution is a protocol that uses quantum entanglement to securely transmit cryptographic keys. It takes advantage of theprinciple that any attempt to intercept the entangled particles will disturb their quantum state, alerting the communicating parties to the presence of an eavesdropper.3.3 Quantum TeleportationQuantum teleportation is the process of transmitting the quantum state of a particle from one location to another, without the particle itself traveling through the space between them. This phenomenon has been experimentally demonstrated and has implications for quantum computing and communication.Part 4: Implications for Future Technology4.1 Quantum ComputingQuantum computing, which relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, has the potential to revolutionize computing by solving certain problems much faster than classical computers. Quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum computing, as it allows for the creation of qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling parallel processing.4.2 Quantum CommunicationQuantum communication utilizes the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to achieve secure communication and distributed computing. Technologies like QKD and quantum teleportation are expected to transform the field of secure communication and enable new forms of data transmission.4.3 Quantum Sensors and MetrologyQuantum sensors and metrology techniques leverage the precision and sensitivity of quantum entanglement to measure physical quantities with unprecedented accuracy. This has applications in fields such as precision navigation, gravitational wave detection, and quantum simulation.ConclusionQuantum entanglement, with its counterintuitive nature and profound implications, remains a captivating and challenging subject in the field of quantum mechanics. As scientists continue to explore and harness thepower of entanglement, we can expect to see significant advancements in technology, leading to new possibilities in computing, communication, and metrology. This question has provided an opportunity to delve into the fascinating world of quantum entanglement and its potential future impact on society.。

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNA TIONAL EXAMINA TIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced LevelMATHEMATICS9709/03Paper3Pure Mathematics3(P3)May/June20061hour45minutes Additional Materials:Answer Booklet/PaperGraph paperList of Formulae(MF9)READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRSTIf you have been given an Answer Booklet,follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.Write your Centre number,candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.Y ou may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples,paper clips,highlighters,glue or correctionfluid.Answer all the questions.Give non-exact numerical answers correct to3significantfigures,or1decimal place in the case of angles in degrees,unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.The use of an electronic calculator is expected,where appropriate.Y ou are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.The number of marks is given in brackets[]at the end of each question or part question.The total number of marks for this paper is75.Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper,and questions carrying larger numbers of marks later in the paper.At the end of the examination,fasten all your work securely together.This document consists of4printed pages.©UCLES2006[Turn over1Given that x =4 3−y ,express y in terms of x .[3]2Solve the inequality 2x >|x −1|.[4]3The parametric equations of a curve are x =2θ+sin 2θ,y =1−cos 2θ.Show that d y d x =tan θ.[5]4(i)Express 7cos θ+24sin θin the form R cos (θ−α),where R >0and 0◦<α<90◦,giving theexact value of R and the value of αcorrect to 2decimal places.[3](ii)Hence solve the equation7cos θ+24sin θ=15,giving all solutions in the interval 0◦≤θ≤360◦.[4]5In a certain industrial process,a substance is being produced in a container.The mass of the substancein the container t minutes after the start of the process is x grams.At any time,the rate of formation of the substance is proportional to its mass.Also,throughout the process,the substance is removed from the container at a constant rate of 25grams per minute.When t =0,x =1000and d x d t=75.(i)Show that x and t satisfy the differential equationd x d t=0.1(x −250).[2](ii)Solve this differential equation,obtaining an expression for x in terms of t .[6]6(i)By sketching a suitable pair of graphs,show that the equation 2cot x =1+e x ,where x is in radians,has only one root in the interval 0<x <12π.[2](ii)Verify by calculation that this root lies between 0.5and 1.0.[2](iii)Show that this root also satisfies the equation x =tan −121+e x .[1](iv)Use the iterative formula x n +1=tan −1 21+e x n,with initial value x 1=0.7,to determine this root correct to 2decimal places.Give the result of each iteration to 4decimal places.[3]©UCLES 20069709/03/M/J/067The complex number2+i is denoted by u.Its complex conjugate is denoted by u*.(i)Show,on a sketch of an Argand diagram with origin O,the points A,B and C representing thecomplex numbers u,u*and u+u*respectively.Describe in geometrical terms the relationship between the four points O,A,B and C.[4](ii)Express uu*in the form x+i y,where x and y are real.[3](iii)By considering the argument ofuu*,or otherwise,prove thattan−1 43=2tan−1 12.[2]8The diagram shows a sketch of the curve y=x12ln x and its minimum point M.The curve cuts the x-axis at the point(1,0).(i)Find the exact value of the x-coordinate of M.[4](ii)Use integration by parts tofind the area of the shaded region enclosed by the curve,the x-axis and the line x=4.Give your answer correct to2decimal places.[5]9(i)Express10(2−x)(1+x2)in partial fractions.[5](ii)Hence,given that|x|<1,obtain the expansion of10(2−x)(1+x2)in ascending powers ofx,up toand including the term in x3,simplifying the coefficients.[5]©UCLES20069709/03/M/J/06[Turn over10The points A and B have position vectors,relative to the origin O,given by−−→OA= −135and−−→OB=3−1−4.The line l passes through A and is parallel to OB.The point N is the foot of the perpendicular from B to l.(i)State a vector equation for the line l.[1](ii)Find the position vector of N and show that BN=3.[6] (iii)Find the equation of the plane containing A,B and N,giving your answer in the form ax+by+c =d.[5]Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible.Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher(UCLES)to trace copyright holders,but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate(UCLES),which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.©UCLES20069709/03/M/J/06。

Candidate NameCandidate Centre Number NumberInternational General Certificate of Secondary EducationCAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGEPAPER 3 ListeningOCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002Candidates answer on the question paper. No additional materials are required.Approx. 30 minutesTime Approx. 30 minutesINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Dictionaries are not permitted.FOR EXAMINER’S USE Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 TOTAL© CIE 2002This question paper consists of 6 printed pages and 2 blank pages.[Turn over2Part 1For Examiner’s UseQuestions 1-6.For questions 1-6 you will hear a series of short sentences. Answer each question on the line provided. Your answer should be as brief as possible. You will hear each item twice.1Matthew is baking a birthday cake for a friend. Which two ingredients does he still haveto buy?..……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]2Jan is going to a meeting by taxi. What does the fare cost?..……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]2You and your friends have arranged a barbecue on the beach for tomorrow evening.Give two reasons why you might have to postpone it...……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]4Which platform will Lara need to go to in order to meet her friend from Newcastle?..……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]5How will Thandie and her friend find their way around?..……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[1]6Atta telephones the library. What does he want to do about his books, and what isthe new date given to him by the librarian?..……………………………………………………………………………………………….….[2][Total: 7]0510/3 N023Part 2Part 2: Exercise One (Question 7) Listen to the following interview about tigers in India, and then fill in the details below. You will hear the interview twice.ON THE TRAIL OF THE TIGERFor Examiner’s UsePROJECT TIGER’S AIM: to save the tigerHUMAN THREATS TO TIGERS:andORIGINAL TIGER LOCATIONS:andTIGER DETAILS: largest cat tail nearly 1m weight up to coat yellow/orangeHUNTING TIME:FOOD: wild boar, deer, forest animals[1] [1] [1][1] [1][Total : 5]0510/3 N02[Turn over4Part 2: Exercise Two (Question 8) Listen to the following interview about the recent navigation of the North West Passage, a route across the top of North America, and then fill in the details below.You will hear the interview twice.For Examiner’s UseTHE NORTH WEST PASSAGEROUTE OF NORTH WEST PASSAGE RUNS:[1]YEAR OF FIRST ATTEMPTED CROSSING:[1]ST ROCH II:DISTANCE TRAVELLED:[1]ROUTE: Beaufort Sea, NW Alaska through Western Arctic to[1]LENGTH OF TIME TAKEN FOR VOYAGE:[1]TWO REASONS FOR ICE-FREE ZONE:and global warming[1]ST ROCH I:PURPOSE OF MISSION:[1]LENGTH OF VOYAGE: 27 months[Total : 7]0510/3 N025Part 3For Examiner’s UsePart 3: Exercise One (Question 9)Listen to the following interview about a famous cycle race in France, and then indicate whether each statement is true or false by putting a tick (3) in the appropriate box.You will hear the report twice.(a) The ‘Tour de France’ race was started over 100 years ago.True False(b) Cyclists cycle 4,000 km clockwise around France.(c) The first race was intended to last for 5 weeks.(d) ‘Tour de France’ participants run 19 marathons in 3 weeks.(e) Cyclists do not ride more than 160km per day.(f) The winner may not be the cyclist who has won most stages.(g) The mountain stage winner wears a yellow jersey.(h) Cyclists are paid wages by sponsors while training.(i) Overall ‘Tour de France’ prize money is worth over £1 million.(j) About 100 participants might complete the race.[Total : 5]0510/3 N02[Turn over6Part 3: Exercise Two (Question 10)Listen to the following interview about mountain rescue teams, and then indicate whether each statement is true or false by putting a tick (3) in the appropriate box.You will hear the interview twice.True False(a) There are more emergency call-outs for rescue teams in winter than in summer.(b) Winter climbers can usually be relied on to equip themselves for the climb they are to attempt.(c) The rescuers are paid for their help.For Examiner’s Use(d) Rescuers are never called out more than once a day.(e) Maria’s rescue area is 200 square km.(f) More than half the call-outs are to people with broken legs or ankles.(g) Victims are usually rescued if the place of the accident is known.(h) Accidents can only be reported if one of the party has a mobile phone.(i) The mountain rescue service needs no money as staff are volunteers.(j) Rescuers can be called out at any time during the year.(k) The rescue teams like working together.(l) Maria Gallo is confident she will never have an accident herself.[Total : 6]0510/3 N027 BLANK PAGE0510/3 N028 BLANK PAGE0510/3 N02。