高三练习题

2017-2018学年度高三年级第一学期英语综合练习（一）第一部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共40分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

ATurning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scientists.The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories. It also triggers a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may be rotten without visual clues to show it is fresh.An experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany, found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine per cent fewer calories before they felt full, compared to those who could see.They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate. Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 per cent more than they actually had.Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in real-time rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel satiated.It also prevents the 'cephalic' phase of digestion which is triggered by the sight of food, promoting salivation and the release of gastric juices and so makes food, literally, less easy to swallow.Lead author Dr Britta Renner said: "Visual deprivation caused a pronounced dissociation between actual and perceived intake."This may provide an unobtrusive and naturalistic means to change the experience of eating behaviour."To test the effect, 50 people were blindfolded with modified ski goggles, and 40 were allowed to see their food. All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment. They were then given three 95g bowls of cherry, caramel and vanilla ice cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes. Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice-cream measured, while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten.On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g. However the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non-blind volunteers.They were also asked how pleasant the ice-cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated the desert lower than those who could see."The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group. Not seeing the food might have decreased its incentive value. Visual cues play an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience."Previous studies have shown that the visual impact of food plays a large part in the taste. While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark claim it triggers other senses, in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far more bland than usual.1.Why could turn the lights out and wearing a blindfold while eating be a quick way to lose weight?A. Because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for caloriesB. Because they could not see how much was left on the plateC. Because the visual impact of food plays a large part in the tasteD. Because eating in darkness is likely to taste far more mild than usual2.According to the scientist in the University of Konstanz , in Germany, not seeing on the table, can do the followi ngs EXCEPT ?A. allow the body to know when it is full in real-timeB. p revent the ―cephalic‖ phase of digestion which is triggered by the sight of food .C. remember past, experiences where it might have taken a full plste to feel satisfiedD. make food, literally, less easy to swallow3. Which of the following is not the result of the experiment, by the University of Konstanz?A. The blindfolded group enjoyed lower pleasure of eatingB. Not seeing the food might have decreased its pleasure of valueC. Seeing the food plays an important role in the eating experienceD. Eating in darkness is likely to taste far more mild than usual4. The experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany was made to .A. change the experience of eating behaviorB. test the effect of vision on eating experienceC. trigger other sensesD. taste from mild than usualBThe spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and for the environment. Those findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.David Tillman is a professor at the University of Minnesota. In the study, he examined information from 100 nations to show what people ate and how diet affected health. Mr. Tillman noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized , population increased and earnings rose. More people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet. The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. By eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker.―The food, let us sa y, in the 15 richest nations of the world, right now contains about 400 or 500 extra calories a day that are eaten beyond what people need, and that leads people to gain weight.‖David Tillman says overweight people are at greater risk for diseases like diabetes, heart disease and some cancers. Diabetes is shooting to very high rates in the United States and across Europe. Heart disease is a major cause of death in the Western nations. Unfortunately when people become industrialized, if they adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these same health problems.A diet bad for human beings, it seems, is also bad for the environment. As the world’s population grows, experts say more forests and areas will become farmland for crops or grasslands for raising cattle. These areas will be needed to meet the increasing demand for food.Mr. Tillman calls the link between diet, the environment and human health, ―a dilemma‖, a situation where it is very difficult to decide what to do. He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.5. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A.Different cultures may cause different eating habits.B. Population increase is likely to lead to environmental destruction.C.The Western diet will probably make some people overweight.D. The Western diet is unhealthy because it is high in vitamins and proteins.6. What can we infer from the passage?A. What can we infer from the passage.B.More greenhouse gas has been given off from hungry culture.C.Western eating habits are responsible for some diseases like cancer.D.Nearly all the people in the developed countries, consume more calories than needed.7.The underworld "dilemma" in the last progress means .A. A relation to be maintainedB.an opinion causing an argumentC. a decision to be madeD.a problem offering a difficult to try8.What's the main idea of the passage?A.What people eat does influence on their health.B.Our change in diet will lead to global climate changeC. The Western diet is bad for the environment as well as for human beings.D. Industrialization considerable shortens lifespan of the world people.CWhen Charles Lee handed me the small red notebook in 1974, he changed my life. ―While you are traveling, you should keep notes of things you see and do,‖ he explained.I was 20 years old, a junior in college, spending a term at the University of London. Charles was a retired traveling salesman. I was staying with him in his cottage in Kendal, located in the Lake District of northern England. It was a one-week home stay the university arranged for us before classes began.I took his advice. I wrote in the notebook every day during the home stay. Back in London, I recorded weekend trips to Wales, Yorkshire, France, and Spain. I commented on my classes, professors, and classmates. I contrasted my life at a small college in the US with my wandering through the streets of London, my introduction to life in a big city, and my initial travels outside the US. I tracked ideas I had about my life and my future.When I wrote in the notebook, I struggled with a sense of my audience and purpose. Who would read this? Were these writings just for me, or did I want others to read them? Was I recording events and ideas just as a prompt(提示)to memory, or was there some larger purpose for this daily exercise?I knew I was recording events, thoughts, words that were important to my life. I imagined a future me sitting down to read the pages. I wondered what it would feel like to read those words later. I wondered where I would be and what my life would be like.I filled the notebook Charles gave me. I bought a new one and filled it. Then another and another. I continued writing in notebooks for four decades. By that time, they filled two boxes in my garage.I had reread some of the journals. Specific volumes had provided me with the background I needed for dozens of articles for magazines. But I had never read them all. Recently, I decided to bring my collection of notebooks into my office and replay my life. As I opened the first box, I suddenly became nervous would I like the former me described on those pages? There was a risk in opening that first notebook. I did it anyway.Charles had been right. I remembered the big events and the central happenings, but on each page were many details I hadn’t retained(保留).The pages revealed highlights from college classes and stories about roommates and friends. I read anxious comments I’d written as I’d launched my teaching career, learned to write lesson plants, assigned grades for student work, and solved discipline problems. I reflected on my coming marriage, then the wedding, and eventually the proud moments when I held each of my three girls as a father. I recounted more trips---returning toEurope, teaching in South America, going on safari(游猎)in Africa, and exploring Greenland. I relived memories of trails hit, rivers crossed, and mountains climbed.The writings in those journals framed my life. I hadn’t written every day. I often skipped a few days or even weeks, but I always picked up the writing when it felt important. Journals went with me when I traveled , and I often wrote in them at school when my own students were writing.It took several long evenings to read through the notebooks, taking me on tour spanning(持续)42 years. As I read I could recall sitting on a bench in Trafalgar Square in London or in our apartment in Peru to write to the future me. It was then that I realized: I am now the person I was writing to throughout those years.9. What can we learn about Charles Lee?A. He was an Englishman the author came acrossB. He gave the author a notebook as birthday presentC. The author gained valuable experience of life from himD. The author once lived in his house as a college graduate10. One reason why the author kept writing journals was that he wanted to _______.A. let others read what he wrote in the futureB. know what his life would be like in the futureC. live up to Charles Lee’s expectation for himD. leave something special to his three daughters11. By mentioning the highlights in Paragraph 10, the author intends to tell us _________.A. the regrets he had about his lifeB. the themes of his articles for magazinesC. the big events that happened to himD. the benefits of keeping journals12.We can learn from the passage that the author _________.A. rarely wrote journals at schoolB. even wrote journals when travelingC. keeps a daily journal of his lifeD. had kept writing journals for five decadesDA total of 34 Chinese cities with a combined population of nearly 300 million took part in an unprecedented simultaneous pet adoption day on Earth Day weekend, promoting the adoption of rescued stray animals.The live streaming of China Pet Adoption Day events in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Qingdao, Shanghai, Tianjin and Xi'an was watched by 562,000 people.From Urumqi in the far northwest to the subtropical Fuzhou on the southeastern coast, people gathered to raise awareness of animal welfare and to help strays find loving, permanent homes.Sun Quanhui, campaign manager and senior veterinary adviser with World Animal Protection said, "Planet Earth is not only home to humanity but also a home that we share with other animals. It is mankind's duty and important in a civilized society to treat animals kindly."As China's population becomes more prosperous, pet ownership has increased dramatically, with problems, such as pet abandonment and cruelty, also growing."International experience has proven that promotion of pet adoption can reduce the stray population and improve the sense of responsibility of both pet owners and society as a whole," said Sun."In recent years, more and more adoption events have taken place all over the country, which indicates an awakening of the Chinese public consciousness to animal protection. Adopting a pet instead of purchasing one has been gaining a wider acceptance," he noted."It is a good thing that China promotes adoption of animals", commented dog lover and animal welfare activist Fantasia Chen with the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, who praised the campaign as "really amazing" and expressed her admiration for the volunteers who made the event possible.Surprised by the number who watched the live streaming, Chen said, "I think I'll advise HKDR(Hong Kong Dog Rescue) to do something similar for their shelter, so that more people will know that the dogs really need a better home.""It surely sounds super sweet and I have no doubt that it must have been the result of great efforts", said American designer Edward Dumpe III, who has been working on designs for stray animal shelters in Beijing's hutongs."I think it is a good step in the right direction, and should be taken as evidence that Chinese society is becoming more aware of stray animals who deserve to be taken care of and treated with respect", he said.In the U.S. City of San Francisco, a law was passed earlier this year to prohibit pet shops from selling dogs or cats unless they came from animal rescue organizations or animal shelters.In real life, "Rabbit-eating Carrot" is a fashion designer who has created garments embroidered with slogans like "Please adopt a pet" and the images of her celebrity cats. All profits from the line were donated to Qiming Small Animal Protection Center in Sichuan Province.Her colleague, American designer Jeon underlined the importance of "a system to educate people on how to raise pets and the responsibility that comes with them," as well as checking the suitability of people to be pet owners."I didn't know that there were events like this in China. This is fantastic. Impressive," commented George Philippe, French resident of Beijing and father of two, at the event in the capital, where his young daughter Queenie stroked a dog for the first time in her life.13.What is the aim of live dreaming of China Pets Adoption Day event ?A. To improve the awareness of animal adoptionB. To attract more attention to the Event.C. To encourage more and more people to take part in the live streaming.D. To introduce some useful western concepts of animals shelters14. What will be a problem with the increase of pet ownership?A. More pets are in great need in China .B. Some people throw their old or disabled pets awayC. Some pets is need to be given large space to enjoy themselves .D.There is not enough related service for pets and their owners15.What is the best title for the passage?A.The animal right in China.B. No trading , no killingC. How to treat your pets with hearts .D. Live streaming promotes animal adoption .第二节：（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）Could a writing robot make novelists obsolete ?16. In Japan, a short novel co-written by an artificial intelligence program (its co-author is human) made it past the first stage of a literary contest, the Japan News reports.The Nikkei Hoshi Shinichi Literary Award is named after Hoshi Shinichi, a Japanese science fiction author whose books include "The Whimsical Robot" and "Greetings from Outer Space." 17. .The award is unique in that it accepts entries from "applicants whoare not human beings (AI programs and others)." Novels co-written byhumans and computers were submitted to the prize committee.The Asahi Shimbun reports that one of four books co-written by anAI program made it past the first stage of the contest.Teams of writers worked with an AI program to create the cyborgnovels. The level of human involvement in the novels was about 80%,one of the professors who worked on the project said.18. .Humans decided the plot and character details of the novel, thenentered words and phrases from an existing novel into a computer,which was able to construct a new book using that information.19.. The Japan News reports that one of the submitted books is titled "The Day a Computer Writes a Novel," which ends with the sentences "I writhed with joy, which I experienced for the first time, and kept writing with excitement. The day a computer wrote a novel. The computer, placing priority on the pursuit of its own joy, stopped working for humans."Novelists probably shouldn't worry about losing their jobs just yet. 20. Still, the book impressed science-fiction novelist Satoshi Hase, who said, "I was surprised at the work because it was a well-structured novel.A. The prize committee didn't disclose which of the four computer co-written entries advanced in the competition.B.It might not happen anytime soon , but then again, it might .C. Although the novel made it past the first round, it didn't win the award.D.The computer, placing priority on the pursuit of its own joy, stopped working for humans .E. Judges for the prize weren't told which novels were written by humans and which were penned by human-computer teams.F. However, the computers did the hard work — actually writing the text.G. But there are still some problems [to overcome] to win the prize, such as character descriptions."第二部分：英语知识应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A , B , C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。