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中西文化之鉴 – 跨文化交际 第九单元

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(完整版)文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1~8

(完整版)文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1~8

第一章 1【单选题】(10分)中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。

“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。

A. 张骞B. 汉和帝C. 汉武帝正确查看答案解析10分2【多选题】(10分)广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。

海上丝绸之路由（）组成。

D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析10分3【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。

其发挥的作用主要是指（）。

B. 军事作用正确查看答案解析10分4【单选题】(10分)通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。

B. 康熙九年C. 崇祯十六年D. 元和七年正确查看答案解析10分5【单选题】(10分)汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。

A. 卫青B. 霍去病D. 司马迁正确查看答案解析10分6【多选题】(10分)鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。

他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。

B. 鉴真C. 法显正确查看答案解析10分7【单选题】(10分)（）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。

后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编著成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。

A. 查理·马特C. 利玛窦D. 阿基米德正确查看答案解析10分8【多选题】(10分)佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。

中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。

A. 固原须弥山石窟正确查看答案解析10分9【多选题】(10分)利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。

正是由于他的到来，使中国人第一次接触到了（）。

D. 西方哲学正确答案是:A,B,C查看答案解析10【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。

清华大学跨文化课程教案9

清华大学跨文化课程教案9


Activity: Quiz Imagine that you are going to a large urban American university for graduate study. To evaluate your adaptation potential, rate yourself on the adaptation checklist. Give yourself a score for each item according to the following scale: 1. Poor 2. Not as good as most people 3. Average 4. Better than most people 5. Excellent Adaptation Checklist Total score Background and Preparation Age — youth is an advantage Education — the higher the better Urban background — city dwellers do better than rural residents High level of professional skill General knowledge of the new culture, its history, custom arts, etc. Specific knowledge of the new situation; city, university, etc. Oral and written fluency in the language of new culture Previous out-of-culture experiences Similarity of home culture to new culture Personality factors Tends to be accepting of different ways of doing things Likes to meet new people and do new things Stays calm in difficult situations Pays attention to people and not just to tasks Can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations Has a sense of humor Strong but flexible in character Willing to take risks; not too concerned about social and psychological security Attitudes and motivation Voluntarily chooses to be in contact with the new culture Attracted to the new situation rather than escaping problems at home Admiration and respect for the new culture No sense that one culture s superior or inferior to another Few stereotypes (inaccurate broad generalizations) about the new culture Health Robust good health Good health habits High energy level
跨文化交际课程unit9

跨文化交际课程unit9


Joint venture culture
What is joint venture?
合资企业一般指中外合资 中外合资经营企业是由中国投资 者和外国投资者共同出资、共同经营、共负盈亏、共担风 险的企业。外国合营者可以是企业、其他经济组织或个人。 中国合营者目前只限于企业、其他经济组织，不包括个人 和个体企业。经审查机关批准，合营企业是中国法人，受 中国法律的管辖和保护。它的组织形式是有限责任公司。
What is intercultural business management ?
跨文化商务管理真正作为一门科学，是在20世纪70 年代后期的美国逐步形成和发展起来的。它研究的是在跨 文化条件下如何克服异质文化的冲突，进行卓有成效的管 理，其目的在于如何在不同形态的文化氛围中设计出切实 可行的组织结构和管理机制，最合理地配置企业资源，特 别是最大限度地挖掘和利用企业人力资源的潜力和价值， 从而最大化地提高企业的综合效益。 跨文化商务管理中涉及到三种文化：组织文化、合资 企业文化及民族文化。
3. Development of teamwork
• Teamwork means cooperation among employees and employers. • Team members must be flexible, adaptable, and able to work together to further their companies’ goals to succeed and stay competitive.
Some tips in understanding Corporate culture
A company’s culture is greatly influenced by the management team as they set the policies and practices for the organization. Many articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as “corporate culture”. Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. To be specific, corporate culture can be looked as a system. Often the people who see an organization’s culture more clearly are those from the outside, the new comers, or the consultants.
中西文化之鉴chapter9

中西文化之鉴chapter9


The example in life
The path in the garden is tortuous ,This layout not only increase the space level, but also increase the length of the walk road, and give person capacious feeling The ceiling of the house too short can give a person a kind of very depressive feeling Broken window Effect Catfish Effect
But the auther prefer classrooms with movable tables and chairs that would make it easier to arrange the student into work groups In a word ,the auther want students to learn cooperatively with each other
Chinese culture is built into the furniture
Students sit below and in front of platform listening to what teacmathematical foundation
Design and Behavior
CONTENTS
01
LOREM
The British House of Commons
02
LOREM
The US House of Representatives
【VIP专享】跨文化交际上课内容unit9

【VIP专享】跨文化交际上课内容unit9

Unit Nine Intercultural AdaptationI.Warm UpPlease read the story on page 298 . What can we learn from this case about the Japanese culture?II.Culture ShockRead the article “Adapting to a New Culture” (p299-304). What is culture shock? How to adapt to a new culture?※Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.(from College English, 2005,14th,10)※◆当人们去到一个与自己原来的文化迥异的地方时，绝大多数人都会经历一种心理上的迷惑，这就是文化冲击。

——Robert Kohls（Survival Kit for OverseasLiving)1.Culture shock, or the early adaptation phase of transitioning into a newculture, refers to the transition period and the accompanying feelings of stress and anxiety a person experiences during the early period upon entering a new culture.2.Symptoms of culture shock: physiological, emotional, communication.(p299)3.Causes to culture shock: Culture shock is caused by the anxiety thatresults from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact.4.Will culture shock affect everyone who enters a new country? Is thereany individual differences? Why?Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. The severity of culture shock depends on people’s personalities, language ability, emotional support, and duration of stay停留时间. It is also influenced by the extent of differences between the two cultures.5.Forms of culture shock(1)Language shock(2)Role shock(3)Transition shock(4)Cultural Fatigue(5)Education Shock(6)Adjustment Stress(7)Culture Distance◆Keep in mind :First, most people experience some degree of culture shock when they go to a new country. Second, culture shock passes with time.6.Four stages in getting used to life in a new country:1)Euphoria欢快: the first stage when everything seems wonderful withgreat happiness, a sort of honeymoon period.2)Depression, or culture shock: the stage despair when people tend to bevery critical of the country they’ve moved to, blaming it for their problems.3)Adjustment: the stage when people become better at coping with theirnew situation and feel happier and more confident.4)Acceptance: the stage when people finally get used to the new way oflife.Read Case 33 on p317-319 and identify the different stages revealed in each letter.U-curve patternW-curve Pattern7.how to cope with culture shock and adapt to a new culture: (p303-304) When one is experiencing culture shock, the best thing to do is to admitthat he/she is experiencing culture shock, try to identify your stage of culture shock, and work toward becoming more familiar with the new culture.(1)Do not become over-reactionary.保守(2)Meet new people.(3)Try new things.(4)Give yourself periods of rest and thought.(5)Work on your self-concept.(6)Write.(7)Observe body language.(8)Learn the verbal language.8.Two views of culture shock (p306-308)1.the disease view:1)The culture-shocked person experiences a breakdown incommunication, is unable to cope, and feels isolated and lost, thus develops a number of defensive attitudes and behaviors to protect the mind from the confusion of an entirely new situation.2)In this disease view, the culture-shocked person is a helpless victim;the only things to do are to adjust to the new culture somehow or to leave the culture quickly.3)In this view, people can experience many different emotional andmental difficulties. The culture-shocked person may start to glorify赞美the home country; people can become physically ill from the stress of culture shock.2.the self-awareness自我意识view:1)Culture shock can be part of a positive learning experience. Cultureshock, if handled well, can lead to profound self-awareness and growth.2)Learn a second language, observe different customs, and encounternew values.3)Enable people to gain insight into their own society; develop adeeper understanding of themselves and of the society that helped to shape their characters; provide a mirror in which one’s own culture is reflected.◆The major difference of these two views is in the attitude of aperson towards culture shock.III.Intercultural Adaptation1.Intercultural adaptation refers broadly to the process of increasing ourlevel of fitness to meet the demands of a new cultural environment.2.Read the article “Overcoming Ethnocentrism in Communication”(p309-313).1)In intercultural communication we tend to use the categories of ourown culture to judge and interpret the behaviors of the others who are culturally different from us. These ethnocentric impressionspredispose us to evaluate others negatively. When communicators engage in mutual互相的negative evaluation, the communication event may deteriorate恶化even further. With each turn of this regressive spiral螺旋向下, negative evaluations否定评价are intensified.2)Examples: American-Japanese; American-Nigerian; American-Thai;American-British;3)How to overcome ethnocentrism:We can overcome ethnocentrism by approaching every cross-cultural situation as a kind of experiment. Using available generalizations 概括about the other culture, we can formulate制定a hypothesis假设and then test it for accuracy. As more knowledge of relevant cultural differences is acquired, generalizations can become more specific, hypotheses more particular, and communication difficulties more predictable.IV.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。

六下北师大英语第九单元作文

六下北师大英语第九单元作文

跨文化交流：打开心灵之窗Cross-cultural Communication: Opening the Windows of the SoulIn today's interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of our daily lives. From the global business sphere to the personal realm of friendships, understanding and respecting diverse cultures is crucial for successful interactions. In Unit 9 of the sixth grade North American Edition of the textbook, we delve into the nuances of cross-cultural communication, learning to appreciate the differences that make each culture unique.One of the key takeaways from this unit is the importance of being aware of our own cultural backgrounds. We must recognize that our behaviors, customs, and traditions are shaped by our upbringing and environment. Understanding our own cultural lens allows us to be more empathetic towards others who may have a different perspective.For instance, when communicating with someone from a different culture, it's essential to be mindful of their communication styles. Some cultures prefer direct and frank communication, while others prefer a more indirect and subtle approach. By being aware of these differences, we can avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.Moreover, respecting cultural norms and values is paramount. Different cultures have different taboos and sensitivities, and it's crucial to educate ourselves about these before engaging in cross-cultural communication. For example, certain topics may be considered taboo in certain cultures, while they may be freely discussed in others.It's essential to be aware of these differences and respect them.However, cross-cultural communication is not just about following rules and avoiding conflicts. It's also about opening our minds to new ideas and perspectives. By engaging with people from different cultures, we can broaden our horizons and gain a deeper understanding of the world. This, in turn, makes us more tolerant and understanding of others.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is a vital skill that everyone should possess. It not only helps us in our professional lives but also enriches our personal relationships. By being aware of our own cultural backgrounds, respecting others' norms and values, and opening our minds to new ideas, we can create a more inclusive and understanding world.**跨文化交流：打开心灵之窗**在当今互联互通的世界里，跨文化交流已成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。

跨文化交际第九章

跨文化交际第九章


beliefs



At early ages, we are not prepared to question our social institutions, so we accept freely what they teach us about truth, and how to live in our society. There seems to be, in most cultures, consensus about how to dress, how to speak (to elders), how to eat, how to attain peace and tranquility, how we should earn our living, etc. We grow up in a culture, and that culture conditions us to believe what it deems to be worthy and true.
Chapter Nine

Culture Diversity
Perception


Do you still remember the meaning of this gesture in some cultures, such as Japanese, American and France? Does it mean the same? If not, why?
Space and privacy are important




Individualistic cultures value personal freedom; most of them have a great physical space and privacy requirement than that seen in collective cultures. In the home: individual bedrooms are considered essential and privacy is viewed as critical to peaceful family life. In the office: private office confer status. Closed doors signal a desire for privacy; entering without knocking is unacceptable. In crowds: crowding is perceived as invasive, and when it is unavoidable, strict rules govern personal behavior.( maintain a rigid body, avoid eye contact, and face the exit door)
翻译与跨文化交际 第九章

翻译与跨文化交际 第九章



色拉由生菜、黄瓜和西 红柿等做成的，此处进 一步验证了此色拉为蔬 菜色拉，而不是什么绿 色色拉。
译文：卡罗琳想，这份 用西红柿、几片煮老的 鸡蛋、黄瓜和调料搭配 的生菜色拉看起来真诱 人。
译文赏析

原文：
A green caterpillar was slowly crawling out from under the lettuce. It was large, fat, and apparently well-fed. It paused in its travels to survey the scene. Purple with fury, Henry could barely find his voice.(Para.9) 译文：一条绿色蠕虫正慢慢 地从生菜下面爬出来，很大， 很肥，显然吃得很好。它在 旅途中停了下来以观察周围 环境，亨利气得脸色发紫， 话都差点说不出来。
译文赏析

原文：A Hard Day in the Kitchen (Title)


译文：厨房里的一场闹 剧
这里我们主要从本文中涉 及的饮食文化入手，分析 中英文之间的文化翻译。 英文题目中的A Bad Day没 有被直译为糟糕的一天， 而是翻译为一场闹剧。译 者通过对全文故事的把握， 对题目进行了意译，又在 文章的结尾处点题，很显 然读者应该对“闹剧”比 “糟糕的一天ust reaching for his first sherry.(Para.2)


译文：他在伸手去拿第 一瓶雪利酒。
“Sherry”指雪利酒。英文 中没有量词，因此“first Sherry”被译为第一瓶雪 利酒，十分恰当，体现 了厨师宿醉未醒的状态。 英文中的wine在不同的 情况下有时候泛指所有 的酒类，有时候专指葡 萄酒。但是中国人普遍 喜欢喝粮食酿造的白酒， 显然不能直译为white wine（白葡萄酒）。
中西文化之鉴

中西文化之鉴


Learning objectives :
The Nature of Culture
Think about the following similes and metaphors, how do you think culture is related to the references?
1. Culture is like an iceberg. 2. Culture is our software. 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.
CULTURE IS…
dynamic
pervasive
integrated
1. Culture Is Learned
2. Culture Is shared view
3. Culture Is Pervasive
Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we behave.
A WAY OF OVERCOMING VULNERABILITY
ACQUIRED THROUGH SOCIALIZATION
THUS, MAN IS THE PRODUCER OF CULTURE AND THE PRODUCT OF CULTURE
Susan : Mrs Zhang,come to New York if you like. Husband: _________________________________ Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。 Husband : __________________________________ Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them
(完整word版)中西文化之鉴跨文化交际教程

(完整word版)中西文化之鉴跨文化交际教程

Chapter 3：Making GeneralizationsWhen people have little information about a group of people they are likely to think of them in a very general way。

If the other people with whom they interact also lack information about that group, they are likely to share an overly generalizing based on limited or inaccurate information is called stereotyping。

We all make generalizationsEveryone generalizes every day just to make sense of his experience。

No one can respond to every situation as if it were entirely new and unique。

A student anticipating a class taught by a teacher he has never met, generalizes from his experience that teachers have certain typical behaviors， opinions， and expectations。

The student interacts with the new teacher he meets based on the generalizations he has made from his previous teachers. This is normal and sensible. The student may have a problem, however， if the generalization he makes is too broad or is based on inadequate or outdated information。

跨文化交际第一部份—第三部份学习内容及重点提示

跨文化交际第一部份—第三部份学习内容及重点提示

《跨文化交际》第一部份—第三部份学习内容及重点提示《跨文化交际》教材共分8个单元，第二、四、五单元在内容上相互呼应，能够看做一个整体的两大部份：中西方交际方式的要紧不同，和由于不同的价值观引发的中西方在处置要紧社会关系方面的不同。

第八单元要紧对人类交际历史作了简单的回忆，并对其以后进行了展望。

因此，本课程涉及的要紧内容其实为六个方面。

一、文化、语言与交际的关系二、中西方交际方式的要紧不同三、中西方在处置要紧社会关系上的不同四、汉英姓名和称呼的异同比较五、中西方非言语交际的要紧不同六、汉英中常见的成语、谚语、俚语、委婉语及禁忌语的对照第一部份：文化、语言与交际的关系语言既是交际的工具，也是文化的载体。

交际不仅是一种语言的交流，更是一种思想和文化的交流。

若是交际两边不能真正了解彼此的文化背景，达到共识，相互明白得，那么仅凭单纯的语言技术，如此的交流往往会产生误解，致使失败。

不能离开或说割裂语言所承载的文化单纯地去学英语。

这确实是什么缘故咱们要学《跨文化交际》这门课程。

为了能进行成功的跨文化交际，咱们不但要学会利用英语这种语言，而且还要培育咱们的文化素养，也确实是说，咱们不仅要了解英语国家的文化，而且还要反观咱们自己国家的文化，并对二者进行客观地比较。

交际需要语言来传递信息，词语在语言表达方面起着很重要的作用。

若是离开语境，孤立地看词语，那么它本身并无什么意思，它只只是是一种特定的符号，传递了某一个社团的人们对某一种物体或思想的一起释义即一起熟悉。

词语的常规含义分为两种，一种是概念含义Concept meaning，另外一种是联想含义Associative meaning。

概念含义，一样不太会引发歧义，但不同的文化背景就有不同的联想含义。

因此在跨文化交际中，由于不同的联想含义，交际两边常常会无法明白得彼此的所指，结果很容易引发误解。

如何正确诠释或明白得交际中各方的“含义”是交际成功的关键。

一样来讲，有这么三种含义，即话语本身的意思，说者的意思和听者的意思（utterance meaning; speaker’s meaning and hearer’s m eaning）。

大学英语跨文化交际chapter9-Intercultural-Adaptation

大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation
Questions for chapter 8
What is communication context?
How effective intercultural communication is crucial for cross-cultural health care context?
阿米什人
阿米什人（Amish）是美国和加拿大安大略省的一群 基督新教再洗礼派门诺会信徒（又称亚米胥派），以 拒绝汽车及电力等现代设施，过着简朴的生活而闻
不使用汽车，而使用马车 不适用电力 崇尚简朴生活，无欲求，不浪费 男人单身时剃须，婚后蓄须 不让子女接受初中以上的教育 不避孕 不买任何保险，包括医疗保险 男性大多是无领衬衫、吊带裤，女性则穿着没有扣子、
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
1. Symptoms of culture shock
a. physical symptoms b. psychological symptoms
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
a. physicபைடு நூலகம்l symptoms
is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture while desiring a close connection with their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation.

《跨文化交际》教学大纲、考试说明、样题及参考 答案

《跨文化交际》教学大纲辅导老师:适用班级:09春/秋英语(本科)单元简述第一单元语言、文化与交际内容：介绍语言、文化和交际之间的关系，跨文化交流模式，交流中的各种意义等。

教学目的：帮助学员认识到语言和文化是不可分的，对语言的充分理解需要文化意识。

学习目标：通过各种练习了解决定交际质量的基本要素，认识交际双方在交际过程中的交互作用，把握交际场合的定义、程式和价值观等。

第二单元文化冲击内容：介绍不同文化背景的人接触时常常感到的种种“文化诧异”现象。

教学目的：通过对各种“文化诧异”现象的分析培养学员的文化意识。

学习目标：通过练习认识到英汉在好客、谦逊、隐私、礼貌等方面的文化差异，进一步体会不同的文化价值观对交际行为的影响，初步学会如何适应一个新的文化环境。

第三单元姓名里的文化内容：姓名、称呼语和亲属语中的文化内涵。

教学目的：通过对姓名、称呼语和亲属语中的文化内涵的分析，使学员更加清楚地认识到英汉在这方面的文化差异。

学习目标：通过各种练习学会正确使用姓名、称呼语和亲属语。

第四单元人际间的交互作用内容：介绍在处理日常生活琐事过程中人际间的交互作用。

教学目的：培养学员对人们在处理日常生活琐事过程中不同行为模式的认识。

学习目标：通过练习学会处理邀请、约会、付帐、馈赠、请求、恭维、招待等行为中的文化差异，了解其中的一些不成文规则，更清楚地意识到自己的行为是如何受本族文化影响的。

第五单元角色和关系内容：介绍社会角色，如男和女、父母和孩子、朋友、社会身份等中的文化内涵。

教学目的：帮助学员分析社会角色和关系在不同文化中的期望值。

学习目标：意识到不同角色的不同期望值；意识到不同角色的不同责任；做到同其他文化背景的人交往时能够调整自己的期望值。

第六单元体态语交流内容：介绍体态语在跨文化交际中的重要作用。

教学目的：使学员熟悉不同种类的体态语以及不同文化对体态语的不同解释。

学习目标：通过练习能够描述体态语的不同意义；意识到成功的跨文化交际不仅需要知道如何用语言表达，而且要知道伴随恰当的体态语，在交流中有意识地注意脸部表情、目光接触、手势和身体位置、身体距离等。

Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation Section One Cultural influences on Contexts Section One 大学英语


Positive
Negative
Possible Results
1. The definition of acculturation
Acculturation（文化适应）refers to an
individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.
e. Education shock
Education shock is frequently used to describe what happens to international students who try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing.
Physical symptoms are over-concern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes, extreme stress on health and safety; fear or physical contact with anyone in the new country; great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions; craving “home cooking”; use of alcohol and drugs; and a decline in work quality.
2. Forms of culture shock
a. Language shock b. Role shock c. Transition shock d. Cultural Fatigue e. Education Shock f. Adjustment Stress g. Culture Distance

高中语文必修一 第十七单元：跨文化交际与文化交流

提升个人素质：跨文化交际可以拓宽视野，提高个人素质，增强适应能力。
促进文化多样性：跨文化交际有助于保护和传承不同文化，促进文化多样性。
提高语言能力：跨文化交际可以提升语言能力，增强语言表达能力和沟通技巧。
跨文化交际的障碍
文化差异：不同文化背景下 的行为和价值观的差异
语言障碍：不同语言之间的 差异和误解
跨文化交际能力的定义与重要性
定义：跨文化交际能力是指在不同文化背景下，能够有效地进行沟通和交流的能力。
重要性：跨文化交际能力是现代社会中不可或缺的能力，对于个人发展、职业发展、国际交流 等方面都具有重要意义。
培养途径：可以通过学习语言、了解不同文化、参与跨文化活动等方式来培养跨文化交际能力。
培养思维：培养批 判性思维、创新思 维等，提高跨文化 交际能力
跨文化交际能力提升的实践经验分享
学习语言：掌握一门或多门外语，提高跨文化交际能力 参与活动：参加跨文化交际活动，如国际会议、文化交流等 阅读书籍：阅读跨文化交际相关书籍，了解不同文化的特点和差异 实践交流：与不同文化背景的人进行交流，提高跨文化交际能力
语言障碍：不同语言和文化背景的交流存在困难 文化差异：不同文化背景的交流存在误解和冲突 科技发展：互联网和社交媒体为文化交流提供了新的平台 全球化趋势：全球化趋势促进了不同文化之间的交流与融合
中外文化交流的未来发展方向
加强文化交流： 通过举办文化交 流活动，增进各 国人民之间的了 解和友谊。
推广中国文化： 通过翻译、出版、 展览等方式，向 世界推广中国文 化，提高中国文 化的国际影响力。
世界文化遗产：各国共同保 护具有全球意义的文化遗产， 促进文化交流和传承
中外文化交流的影响与启示
促进文化交流：增 进不同文化之间的 了解和认识

(整理)吴为善跨文化交际概论课程各章节内容要点.

第一章跨文化语言交际概述第一节文化、语言和交际一、关于文化的概念（一）文化的内涵和特性1、关于文化的内涵概括地讲，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。

在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。

交际即文化，文化即交际，如果没有交际，文化是难以形成的。

科学的提法是：“文化是冻结了的人际交流，而交际是流动着的文化。

”2、关于文化的特性（1）文化由人们的内稳和外显的行为组成。

（2）文化是通过符号被人们习得和传授的知识。

（3）文化是群体行为规则的集合。

（4）文化与社会是潜在现实中两种类型或两个层面上的概念。

（5）文化是历史所衍生及选择的传统观念。

（6）文化和交际具有同一性。

（7）文化是动态多变的。

（8）文化具有选择性。

（9）文化是群体或民族中心主义的意识产物。

（10）文化是个非常复杂的系统。

（二）文化定势、群体文化、亚文化1、文化定势和群体文化世界上大多数社会中都可能存在着若干群体或社团，这些群体或社团对地域、历史、生活方式、世界观，以及价值观等方面的共享，使其成员形成并发展和强化了自己独特的文化和与其相关的交际文化。

存在两种不同类型的文化范畴：一是全民族的文化，即整体的文化形象，二是具体的个性文化，即是按个人的社会情况或个人所属文化群体为基础的文化，有的学者把这种文化称之为群体文化或副文化。

2、亚文化与亚群体在跨文化交际研究中，对文化分类的一种较为传统的做法是把文化分成主流文化和亚文化。

亚文化是指存在于某一主流文化之中的一种非主流文化，某一少数群体的文化，这一文化中的行为模式区别于主流文化的行为模式。

二、关于语言的概念（一）语言是交际工具1、交际媒介言语交际是人类社会中必需的另一种交换活动，交换的是信息、思想、情感。

语言就是一个符号系统，一个人脑子里贮存了符号和符号的组合规则，他就可以和别人交际，传情达意，沟通信息。

2、符号功能符号是用某种能感知的形式来代表某种事物或现象的结合体。

Cross-cultural_Communication


4. Activities
Activity 1: Instances of Communication
Best example
2.You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone. 5. Two blind people exchange ideas in Braille. 6. A German businessman negotiates, through an interpreter, with his Chinese counterpart.
• Words and expressions: • Norm: • Of his age, the child is above the norm in arithmetic. • The changes will lead to more flexible leases, and leases nearer to 15 years than the present norm of 25 years.
8. A farmer gives instructions to his ploughing cow. 9. A programmer issues commands to a computer. None communication 10. Tom talks to himself while flourishing his toy gun. …
3.3. Ways of Communication
Two-way contact: Communicators can see each other and monitor each other’s behaviour– direct communication
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中西文化之鉴 – 跨文化交际课程
第九章
Building Culture into the Landscape By 杨昊
Building Culture into the Landscape

We can find basic structures, forms or patterns almost anywhere, because if a pattern is basic to a culture, it will show up in many places, including in the physical world that is part of our daily life…These physical forms both reflect and are reflected in social patterns and in the languages we speak. 我们在任何地方都能找到基本的结构、形状和模式，因为 如果一个模式是某个文化的基本元素，那么该元素会出现 在许多地方，包括作为我们日常生活一部分的物质世界… 这些物质形态反映了社会形态和我们说的语言，也映衬在 了这两者之中。

Not everything you learn in school will become relevant to you immediately, but it increases your chances and adds one more possibility to your life.
China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings
China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings
Discussion: on education
The French Radiating Star Pattern
The French Radiating Star
Inside outside pattern

A specific cultural mentality (文化思维）, once established, will be consistently reflected in many aspects of a culture. For example: the inside-outside pattern. For example: the inside-outside mentality (see the Middle-Eastern example in the textbook at page 158). China is also a culture characterized by inside-outside mentality: In Language:内幕、内部、内参、内审、内控、内刊、内经、内府、内陆、
内政、内务、内战、内乱、内室、内人、内亲、内心、内情、内耗…… 国家、大家、公家、人家、自家、咱家、国内…… 外人、外乡人、外头人、外国人、外星人…… 男主外，女主内… 肥水不流外人田、内外有别…

China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings



1. What do you expect to gain from your 4-year undergraduate study? 2. How could you take advantage of the existing education system in JN university to meet your needs and aims? 3. What should be reformed? 4. Nowadays, more and more people claim that college education is useless, and one can earn much more with some vocational skills or by running a business than a college graduate. How far do you you agree with this view?

The Basic Pattern of Atlantis, the lost civilization
The Grid Pattern (格子模式）
The US. Grid Pattern
A Simple Road Grid Plan, Windermere, Florida
The US. Grid Pattern

The reason why people can get rich without higher education is because the market system rewards those who work hard and are lucky. Anyway, what a horrible world it would become if only the educated can become rich!


Key points about education

To discover your potential and talents;

To make the world a better and safer place to live;

Learning is hard, there is no shortcut.
Where does money fit in in this picture? – only marginally (金钱在教育蓝图中地位如何？ 处于边缘地带。） You don’t need college education to get rich; but the truth is, even those who become rich without having college education won’t encourage their children out of college education and they themselves tend to pretend to be educated.பைடு நூலகம்
Excerpts from a middle school principal’s weekly speech in China

“你追求加内特、詹姆斯、科比、麦蒂、邓肯、霍华德……你不学习， 连一张季前赛门票都买不起。”“你追求金泰熙、宋慧乔、孙艺珍、 全智贤、金秀贤……你不学习，全家搞一顿炸鸡啤酒你都要考虑考 虑。” “没资本还不学习？没背景还不学习？长得不帅还不学习！智商不够 还不学习！” “你要是混到中年，住不起房，开不起车，天天对着现实哼哼唧唧， 鬼才会去聆听你那“凄美感伤”的烦恼。”
Most of all, education prepares more responsible and independent-minded citizens.

Most metropolitan areas of the western United States are spread over large areas with regular street grid patterns that are highly recognisable from space, ...

Education is about possibilities: it may teach people how to make profits and become wealthy; but even more significantly, it is the only way to help people realize dreams beyond the aim of becoming rich and powerful – e.g. to find a cure for AIDS and cancer, to help the poor out of poverty, to make our air cleaner to breathe and water safer to drink, to serve as an ambassador to promote peace and friendship between China and Japan…