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(完整版)非谓语动词V-ing的用法小结

(完整版)非谓语动词V-ing的用法小结
(完整版)非谓语动词V-ing的用法小结

动名词做主语、宾语精讲精练

一、动名词做主语的用法

动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如:Painting is his hobby.绘画是他的爱好。

Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。

动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。如:

It is no use talking without doing.光说不做没有用。

不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如:

It's so hot.What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热,现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。

【考例】

—What do you think made Mary so upset?

— __________ her new bicycle.(1997上海高考题)

A.As she lost B.Lost

C.Losing D.Because of losing

该题正确选项为C,losing her new bicycle是句子的主语,谓语made her so upset被省略,losing...在此表示具体的动作。

二、动名词作宾语的用法

1.有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如admit,appreciate,avoid,can't stand(不能忍受),consider,delay,de- vote...to,dislike enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,

get down to,give up,imagine,insist on,keep(on),look forward to,mention,mind,miss (错过),pay attention to,practice,put off,stick to,suggest等等。

【考例】

I can't imagine __________ that with them.(MET 1986)

A.do B.to do

C.being done D.doing

该题正确选项为D

【考例】

She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden.(1995上海高考题)A.visit B.paying a visit

C.walk in D.walking in

该题正确选项为D,考查短语动词look forward to后跟动名词作宾语的用法。

2.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit +名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如:

We don't allow smoking here.

We don't allow anybody to smoke here.

3.动词need,require,want意为“需要”时,后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语,意义没有区别。如:

The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.

4.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可,意义没有多大区别。

5.动词forget,go on ,mean ,regret,

remember,stop,try,be used to,can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大,须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词,动名词表示已经发生的动作;后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。

go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原来做的事”;后跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。

mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做某事”;后跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。

stop后跟动名词表示“停止做某事”;后跟不定式表示“停下来(别的事)开始做某事”。

try后跟动名词表示“试着做某事”;后跟不定式表示“努力做某事”。

be used to后跟动名词表示“习惯于做某事”;后跟不定式表示“被用来做某事”。

can't help后跟动名词表示“禁不住做某事”;后跟不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”。

【考例】

—Let's have a rest.

—Not now.I don't want to stop __________ yet.(MET 1985)

A.study B.to study

C.for studying D.studying

该题正确选项为D,stop studying意为“停止学习”。

【考例】

—Let me tell you something about the journalists.

—Don't you remember __________ me the story yesterday?(1999上海高考题)

A.told B.telling

C.to tell D.to have told

该题正确选项为B,remember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。

【考例】

I can hardly imagine Peter __________ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET 1991)A.sail B.to sail

C.sailing D.to have sailed

该题正确选项为C,imagine Peter sailing是动词imagine加动名词复合结构。

【考例】

How about the two of us __________ a walk down the garden?(MET 1993)

A.to take B.take

C.taking D.to be taking

该题正确选项为C,the two of us taking是动词take的动名词复合结构。

四、动名词的时态

在时态上,动名词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)两种形式。当动名词表示的动作①发生的时间不明确,或②与谓语动作同时发生,或③发生在谓语动作之后时,用动名词的一般式;当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时,常用动名词的完成式。如:

I enjoy playing football.

(playing表示的时间概念不明确)

He's been used to going to bed late.

(going to bed与has been used to同时发生)

I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.

(seeing发生在am looking forward to之后)

I'm sorry for not having kept my promise.

(not having kept my promise发生在am sorry之前)

需要特别注意的是,有时候通过上下文可以明显地看出动名词动作和谓语动作的先

后时间关系,或者在一些动词(如remember,forget,regret)和动词短语(如excuse sb.for,thank sb.for)中,尽管动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,我们也常用其一般式来代替完成式,或者两种形式通用。如:

Thank you very much for having helped me a lot.

=Thank you very much for helping me a lot.

【考例】

—You were brave enough to raise objections(反对)at the meeting.

—Well,now I regret __________ that.(NMET 1995)

A.to do B.to be doing

C.to have done D.having done

该题正确选项为D,空白处也可填入doing。

五、动名词的语态

在语态上,动名词有主动式(doing,having done)和被动式(being done,having been done)。主动式表示主动意义,被动式表示被动意义。如:

He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。

He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.他坚持要被派到乡下工作。

【考例】

Do you mind __________ alone at home?(1994上海高考题)

A.Jane leaving

B.Jane having left

C.Jane's being left

D.Jane to be left

该题正确选项为C,句意为:把Jane独自留在家你介意吗?

【考例】

While shopping,people sometimes can't help into buying something they don't really need.(1996

上海高考题)

A.to persuade B.persuading

C.being persuaded D.be persuaded

该题正确选项为C,can't help being persuaded into buying...意为“不可避免地会被说服买他

们实际并不需要的东西”。

§ 11动名词(短语)的句法功能:

1.动名词具有名词的特征,做主语。例如:

Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。

Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.扫地是我妻子的日常工作。

Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。

【注意】注意以下句型,“it”是形式主语,动名词是正真的主语。动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。例如:

It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处。我建议你应该戒掉。

It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间。

It is no use operating on this woman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了,她本来应该在两个小时之前送来。

Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴。

2.作表语

My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。

The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。

To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃。

【注意】一般来说,动名词作表语表示主语的内容;而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性。例如:

The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来。(表示主语的内容)

Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪。(表示主语的内容)

The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心。(表示主语的特征)

It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴。(表示主语的特征)

3.作宾语

Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。

I wouldn't mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿,我没有意见。

I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证,如果当时我能避免的话,我是决不会麻烦你的。

I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。

She couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车。

I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说。

【注意】

1.只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有:admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse,

face, fancy, finish, grudge, can't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。

2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式,也可以用动名词。这样的动词有:like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, propose, can't bear, cease, , decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。例如:

Do you like swimming( to swim)? 你喜欢游泳吗?

We began listening (to listen)to music.我们开始听音

She propose making(to make)a change in our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动。

3.下列动词后既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同。例如:

1)remember to do something 记住要做某事

remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事

例如:I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了。

Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信。

I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影。

I should remember to see the film.我应该记住去看这部电影。

2)forget to do something 忘记要做某事

forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

例如:

I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。

I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我。

3) stop to do something 停下某事去做……

stop doing something 停止做某事

例如:I really must stop smoking. 我的确该戒烟。

I have been working all the morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了,我得停下抽支烟。

4) try to do something 设法做某事

try doing something (做某事)试试

例如:Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作。

Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音,那么敲敲后门试一试。

5)regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快)

regret doing 因做某事感到后悔

例如:I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。

I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你,我们不能接受你的雇用。

6)mean doing 意味着或意思是

mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事

例如:We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我们知道,学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习。

I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情。

7)go on to do something (做完某事)接着做另一件事

go on doing something 继续做某事

例如:I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。

Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在欢迎新生后,我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度。

8)need to do something 需要做某事(表示主动)

need doing something 需要……(表示被动)

例如:You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习。

Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。

9)want to do something 想做某事(表示主动)

want doing 需要……(表示被动)

如:I want to study French.我想学习法语。

The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。

10)begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动词不定式。

A.主语是物而不是人时。例如:

The ice began(started) to melt. 冰开始融化。

The barometer began (started)to fall. 气压计开始下降。

B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时。例如:

She is beginning (starting) to cook the dinner.她开始做饭。

C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。例如:

I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自己过去的错误。

She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷,这件事究竟是谁做的。

11)请比较以下句子:

The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了。

The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了。

第一句的意思可能是:“公共汽车今天停开,但是明天将再开。“第二个句子的意思可能是:“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间,也可能永远不再开了。”

12)在like, hate, prefer动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语,如果指特定的或具体的动作时,用不定式。例如:

I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。

I'd like to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视。

I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。

I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言。

I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书,不爱看电视。

I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视。

13) be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢)去做某事,(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果);而be afraid of doing something表示害怕(担心)会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况),可译为“唯恐(怕)”。例如:

She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累,不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)

She was afraid to wake her husband up.(如叫醒丈夫,可能他要发火,责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事)

I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师。(要麻烦老师,是我不希望发生的)

I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师。(表示有必要去问,但老师可能要批评我)

4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多,常见的这样短语有:accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , be afraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect …of, accuse…of, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keep)…from, hear of 等。例如:

I am proud of working with you. 我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲。

She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长于唱歌跳舞。

I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工业展览。

I am interested in skating. 我对滑冰感兴趣。

5.下列动词短语中的“to”是介词,不是不定式的符号,因此后面要接动名词或名词。accommodate oneself to 使……适应于,be accustomed to(accustom oneself to)习惯于(使……习惯于),be addicted to 沉湎于,admit to承认,be agreeable to欣然同意,confess to承认,confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devote…to 把……奉献给……,be devoted to 献身于,专心于,be equal to

能胜任,fall to 着手,have no (have an)objection to不反对,(反对),object to 反对,look forward to盼望,be opposed to反对,pay attention to 注意,lend oneself to帮助,prefer doing something to doing something宁愿……而不……,see to注意,take to开始从事于,when it comes to 谈到,至于,就……而论,be used to 习惯于等等。

例如:

When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 谈到写短篇文章,你最好请教他。

I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能胜任这工作。

I have got used to working on the night shift. 我上夜班已经习惯了。

I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己写一本小说。

She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒绝承认打破窗子。

6.动名词也可以和以下短语连用,作状语。常见的短语有:apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等。例如:

We should stay at home today instead of going to school. 今天我们应该呆在家里而应去上学。

He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平。

§ 12动名词的完成式与被动形式

1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作(即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作)或者是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如:

I hate going out in such weather.我讨厌这种天气出门。

He put off making a decision. 他拖延时间,不做决定。

2.动名词的完成式表示一个动作完成状况,通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如:

I am proud of having written such a good novel.我写了一本这样好的小说,感到很骄傲。

You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你没有遵守诺言本来应该向我表示歉意。

I remember having seen this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。

I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失败了。我后悔没有听他的劝告。

Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你记得曾经答应过我这件事吗?

【注意】

1.在实际应用中,虽然动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的,但我们可以用动名词的一般式。例如:

Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。

On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家,就给我打电话了。

Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.谢谢你替我去参加了会议。

2.如果一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的承受者时,这个动名词一般来说要用被动形式。例如:

You can't go out without being allowed. 没有人批准你不能出去。

You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在动手术之前你不能吃东西。

This math problem is far from being worked out. 这道数学难题没有解出来。

Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老师的惩罚不介意吗?

She was furious at being denied admittance. 不让她去她很生气。

§13使用动名词应注意的几个问题

2.动名词做主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如:

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.当动名词作宾语而又带有自己的补足语(形容词或名词)时,要用it代表动名词,并将它放到补足语之后。例如:

I found it no use arguing with you.我觉得与你辩论是徒劳无益的。

I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dictionary. 我认为这样的词典不值得一买。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗?

【注意】能够用于这一句型常见的动词有:consider, find, think等。能用于这一句型常见的形容词和名词有:any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous等。

4.下列短语中的介词常常省略,因此后面要接动名词。

1)Spend time(money) (in) 花时间(钱)(干某事),

2)be busy (in) 忙于(干某事)

3)lose no time (in) 不失时机(干某事)

4)There is no point (in)(干某事)毫无意义

5)waste time (in) 浪费时间(干某事)

6)keep on 继续(干某事)

7)have no difficulty (in) (干某事)没有困难

8)have fun (in) (干某事)有趣

9)have (no)trouble (in) (干某事)有(没有)困难

10) have headaches (in) (干某事) 头痛

11) end up (by) (以干某事)告终

12) take turns (at) 轮流(干某事)

13) bother (about)(因干某事)烦恼

14) have a hard time (in)(因干某事)吃苦

15) be through (with) 完成

16) What's the use (of ) …(干某事)有什么用?

例如:

You needn't bother (about) coming up.你不必费心来跑一趟。

Let's take turns (at )doing it. 让我们轮流干吧!

5.动名词可以和介词构成短语,作定语用。能够被这种定语修饰的名词有:method of , way of,

surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, necessity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等。例如:

Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理学校的经验吗?

What's your reason for coming late? 你晚来是什么原因?

You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住参加亚运会这次机会。

Do you approve of my way of dealing with this matter? 你赞成我处理这件事的方法吗?

6.如果一个动名词具有很多名词的特点:可以有自己的冠词,有自己的定语,在某种情况下有复数形式;并且也失去了许多动词的特点:没有完成式和被动式,没有自己的状语和宾语,这样的动名词被称为名词化的动名词。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语,通常在这个名词化的动名词后加上一个介词of , 再加逻辑宾语。例如:

You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本来应该把教室好好打扫一下。(有自己的冠词)

It was Tom who did the recording. 是汤姆录的音。(有自己的冠词)

This work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密的计划。(有自己的定语)

Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你对他们的来踪去迹注意到了吗?(有复数形式)

Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、运土和打夯工作大部分用机器进行。(有自己的逻辑宾语)

7.动名词作表语与不定式作表语的比较:动名词主要说明行为本身,用来表示抽象、泛指的动作,并不明确表示动作发生的时间,而不定式则表示某次具体的,尚未发生的将来动作。例如:

My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(泛指的行为,表示职业)

My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教会他们读课文。(表示一次具体的任务)Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他们所犯的另一个错误,就是认为可能击败对手。(不定式作表语表示已经发生的动作)

主语如果是动名词,则表语也应用动名词,不能用不定式。主语如果是不定式,表语也应用不定式,不能用动名词。例如:

Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不能说:Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.) 如果动作十分抽象,已经失去动词性能而接近名词,则用动名词。例如:

My hobby is gardening. 园艺是我的爱好。

不说:My hobby is to garden.

My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最爱好的冬季运动是滑冰。(不说:My favorite winter sport is to skate.)

非谓语动词: V-ing 的用法小结

-ing分词的构成:-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):

V-ing的句法功能:

一、V-ing形式作主语,此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。如:

Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危险。

Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。

例1: _______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. The walk

B. Walking

C. For a walk

D. Walk

析:动名词作主语通常表示习惯性,泛指经常性的不具体的动作;而不定式作主语则表示一次性的、具体的动作。题中的a good form又暗示考生,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。故答案为B。

例2: It's no good _____ anything at such times. A. saying B. say C. being said D. to saying 析:V-ing形式也可以用it来作形式主语,通常用于某些形容词或名词之后,如good, use, interesting, better, fun, foolish等。故答案为A。

二、V-ing形式作宾语,可分为两类:

1.在mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏,), admit(承认), appreciate(感激,欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢,厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive (宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk (冒险), deny(拒绝,否认), consider(考虑)等动词之后;

或feel like(想)、look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of(以……自豪), be responsible for (对……负责), insist on(坚持), think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想), object to(反对,抗议), hear of(听说), prevent…from(防止,阻止), keep…from(防止,阻止), stop…from(防止,阻止), be engaged in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thank…for(因……而道谢), excuse…for (因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote…to(献身于), set about(着手做), be/get used to (习惯于), be fond of(喜欢), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(对……厌烦), succeed in(成功地做……), be interested in(对……感兴趣), be ashamed of(对……感到羞愧)词组之后只能用V-ing形式作宾语。如:

I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。

What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚?

例3: ---I must apologize for _______ ahead of time. ---That's all right.

A. letting you not know

B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not

D. letting not you know

析:letting是V-ing形式作介词for的宾语,且否定时not置于动名词之前。故答案为B。

2.在forget, go on, can’t help, mean, regret, remember, stop, try之后可接动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有所区别。如:

I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过此练习。

I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这件事。

例4:---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do

B. to be doing

C. have done

D. having done

析:"后悔做过某事"用regret doing /having done sth., regret当"遗憾"讲时,后面常用动词不定式作宾语,故答案为D。

注意:常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing分词或名词。如:admit to(承认), contribute to(捐助、贡献), get down to(着手做), give way to(让位于),keep to (坚持、遵守), lead to (导致),look forward to(期待), take to(从事), turn to (求助于), stick to(忠于、坚持), point to (指向、表明), see to (注意、处理), be/get used to (习惯于), devote oneself to (献身于), be equal to (胜任的、等于), be familiar to (为……熟悉), pay attention to (注意),belong to (属于),refer to (指,涉及)。

三、作表语,可分为两种情况:

1.表示"使人感到……"的一种性质或特征。如: The news is inspiring. 这消息很令人鼓舞。

例5: The speech was very _______ , and we were ______ to tears.

A. moved; moved

B. moving; moving

C. moving; moved

D. moved; moving

析: moving"令人感动的"; moved"被感动的"。故答案为C。

2.表示抽象概念的动作,这种动作未必正在进行。如: Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

例6: Her job is _______ all the children.

A. look after

B. looking after

C. looked after

D. having looked after

析:此题中V-ing形式为概括的动作,故答案为B.

四、V-ing形式作定语:(与其逻辑主语即被修饰的名词之间有主动关系)

1. V-ing形式作前置定语,表示用途,即"用来做……";或表示性质,即"……的"。如:

The reading-room is bright and large. 阅览室宽敞明亮。

I found a sleeping baby on the bed. 我发现在床上有个熟睡的孩子。

例7: Everybody says he is a _______ boy. A. promised B. promising C. to promise D. promise 析:这是一个典型的V-ing形式作前置定语的例子,是以形容词功能出现的,在这里promising意为"有希望的"。故答案为B 。

2. V-ing短语作后置定语,往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作,其作用相当于一个定语从句。如:

The man standing by the window ( = who is standing by the window) is our teacher. 那个站在窗

户旁边的人是我们的老师。

The man breaking the law (= who broke the law ) was sentenced to death. 违反了法律的那个年轻人被判处死刑。

例8: When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ "Sorry to miss you; will call later." A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

析:现在分词短语作后置定语修饰message,其功能相当于一个定语从句, 表示的是与主句表示的时间一致的情况; 不定式作定语常指未来的动作,C与题意不符。答案为D。

五、V-ing形式作状语:(与其逻辑主语即主句主语之间有主动关系)

1. 原因状语。如: Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一个学生,我必须努力学习.

例9: _______ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not to receive

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Not receiving

析: receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式,但主句中的again又暗示考生,分词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,因此应用现在分词的完成式。not一般置于分词之前.故答案为C。

2.作方式状语,表伴随情况。如: She stood by the window, watching people passing by her window. 她站在窗前,望着来来往往的人们。

例10: "Can't you read ?" Mary said, _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

析:现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为A。

3. 时间状语。如:

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 当他看书的时候,不时地点着头。

例11: When _______ the door, he found a cat in the room.

A. open

B. opening

C. opened

D. to open

析:When opening相当于When he was opening,故答案为B。

4. 结果状语。如:

The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气。

例12: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

析: 四个选项均为make的不同形式,由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑,此空应填现在分词表示自然的结果(意料之外的结果常用不定式)。答案为A。

六、V-ing作宾语补足语:(与其逻辑主语即宾语之间有主动关系)

通常用在动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, make, have, keep, leave, catch,find, get等之后,表示该一个正在发生的动作。如:

We are watching the teacher doing the experiment. 我们在观察老师做实验。

We had the fire burning a day. 我们使火烧了一天。

例13: The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

析:see为感官动词,其用法有两种:see sb. do (表示看到全过程),see sb. doing(表示看到某人正在做某事,是一个场景),本句强调是最后一次看到,故A为最佳答案。

例14: The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.

A. to have stolen

B. to be stealing

C. to steal

D. stealing

析:考生如果掌握catch sb. doing(发现某人做某事)这一短语,便可知girl与catch之间是被动关系,因此用catch的过去分词形式,故答案为D。

动名词复合结构的形式

带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”,其形式有如下两种:a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词,如:

I insist on Mary’s going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A.found B.finding C.having found D.to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式,指上网的目的。故选D。 2.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A.lead B.leading C.led D.to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。 3.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A.Having exposed B.Being exposed C.To expose D.Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4.The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系,故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时,常表示动作尚未发生,故排除C项,此处用现在分词作后置定语,表示主动。 第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的

非谓语动词用法归纳语法

非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受

worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6)概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

非谓语动词用法讲解

非谓语动词讲解 1. 动词不定式 (1)动词不定式的构成: 不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。 (2)动词不定式的句法功能: 1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.

学好英语很有用。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。 如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 如:I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do...,why don’t you do...,had better(not) do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do... 如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意: 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上to。 如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A.filling B.filled C.being filled D.to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方,充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组:be filled with被……充满,此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去分词做伴随状态,故选B。 2.115.______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A.Expressing B.Expressed C.To express D.Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的,故选C。 3.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。 考点:考查不定式 【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法,可以做宾语,定语,状语。还有不定式的不同形式:to do;to be doing;to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4.Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A.realizing B.realized C.to realize D.being realized 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语

非谓语动词用法归纳

否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

非谓语动词用法分析说明

非谓语动词用法分析说明 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 (2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 (3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (4)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。英语暑假学习 注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

非谓语动词用法详解

非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如: To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如 I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go. 动词help之后,带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗?She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6)概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。 一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。如: Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2)用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3)不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如: When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5)一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致, 谓语一般用单数)。如:Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如: ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late(made him angry. 7being,构成动名词,做主语。如: . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习:

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示 advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求 authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤 command命令intend想要,企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教

(精心整理)非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。 一.非谓语动词区别简表

二.不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词+不定式等。 作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。 不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。)

(2)不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。 eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。) 2.作宾语 (1)常只用不定式作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) ②She has agreed to come

英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.---_________ makes your son feel blue today? ---_________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A.What it is that; To be forbidden B.What is that; Forbidden C.What is it that; Being forbidden D.That is what; Having forbidden 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查强调句型和非谓语动词。句意:——是什么让你儿子今天心情不好?——不让他看他最喜欢的卡通《狗狗巡逻队》。分析句子结构可知,第一空为强调句型的特殊疑问句,即:疑问词What+ it is+ that+其余部分;第二空为非谓语动词,作主语用动名词,且son与forbide之间是被动关系,所以用Being forbidden,故C项正确。 【点睛】 注意强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为:疑问词+ it is+ that+其余部分,根据句意“是什么让你儿子今天心情不好?”判断疑问词用what,即:What is it that makes your son feel blue today? 2.(福建) ___________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A.Spending B.Spent C.Having spent D.To spend 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,用现在分词的完成时。句意:由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生,所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。 考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。 3.Tsinghua University,________ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意: 建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的母校。Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。 4.More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A.making B.made C.to make D.having made

非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结 一动词不定式to do 1.以下动词后常跟不定式作宾语和宾语补足语 want to do sth agree to do sth decide to do sth plan, to do sth learn to do sth hope to do sth fail to do sth happen to do sth , allowsb to do sth asksb to do sth tell sb to do sth showt(sb)o do sth teach (sb)to do sth invite(sb) to do sth encourage(sb)to do sth prefer to do sth refuse(sb)to do sth expect to do sth offer to do sth try to do sth would like to do sth remember to do sth forget to do sth seem to do sth volunteer to do sth help sb do sth /to do sth in order to do sth get/be ready to do wish sb. to do sth. can’t wait to do have to do sth can/can’t afford t do make a decision to do sth, be sure to do sth be able to do sth stop to do sth sb need to do sth / sth need doing/ sth need to be done 2 sb be + adj(表示人心情的词)+ to do sth sb+be +sorry / glad / surprised / pleased / angry / happy / sure /excited/ amazed/relaxed/ lucky/ to do sth 3.. too …to do sth too +adj/adv+ to do sth 4.….enough to do sth adj/adv+ enough +(for sb )to do sth 5 疑问词+不定式:how ,when , where, what, which + to do sth 6 .固定短语后用动词不定式: (do)try one’s best to do sth, It takes sb some time to do sth, It’s one’s turn to do sth. It’s time(for sb.) to do sth. find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth. It’s + adj + to do sth It’s + adj + of / for sb to do sth It’s easy / hard / important/ / impossible / interesting / difficult / necessary / …for sb to do sth(adj描述不定式to do sth的特征,性质时常用for sb) It’s good / kind / nice / wise / clever/ rude / patient / polite / foolish / right / wrong /

非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳 非谓语动词 在英语中,动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected. (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分): attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式: allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒…… (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌 involve卷入,包含practise 实行,实践suggest建议…… (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

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