人人都想聊上两句 TED,因为它做的是中产阶级趣味的生意
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TED英语演讲:你以为语言只是交流工具会第二种语言,就像是有了第二个灵魂,这正是我们学外语的原因之一。
每种语言都带有自己的思维方式,有的语言中每个名词都有指定的性别;而有的语言中没有上下左右只有东南西北。
世界上有7000多种语言,每一种都有自己独特的魅力。
| 中英文演讲稿 |So, Ill be speaking to you using language... because I can. This is one these magical abilitiesthat we humans have. We can transmit really plicated thoughts to one another. So what Im doing right now is, Im making sounds with my mouth as Im exhaling.我们通过语言交流,因为我可以说话。
这是我们人类拥有的一种神奇能力,我们可以互相传递非常复杂的思想。
我现在正在做的是,一边呼气,一边用我的嘴巴发出声音。
Im making tones and hisses and puffs, and thoseare creating air vibrations in the air. Those air vibrations are traveling to you, theyre hitting your eardrums, and then your brain takes those vibrationsfrom your eardrums and transforms them into thoughts.I hope.我在发出各种语调、嘶嘶声、呼气,而这些引起周边的空气振动。
这些空气振动传到你那里,它们到达你的耳鼓,然后你的大脑会将你耳鼓接收到的振动转化成思想。
至少我希望是这样的。
I hope thats happening. So because of this ability, we humans are able to transmit our ideas across vast reaches of space and time. Were able to transmit knowledge across minds. I can put a bizarre new ideain your mind right now. I could say, Imagine ajellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics.我希望如此。
ted kcs 你的大脑会做它认为你想让它做的事情原文演讲稿标题:你的大脑会做它认为你想让它做的事情——TED演讲稿解读引言:TED(Technology, Entertainment, Design)是一个致力于“传播思想”的非营利性组织,其演讲者包括各行各业的精英人士。
其中,Ted Kcs的一篇名为“你的大脑会做它认为你想让它做的事情”的演讲稿备受关注。
这篇演讲稿以独特的视角揭示了大脑的工作机制,引发了我们对自身思维模式和行为方式的深思。
正文:首先,让我们从神经科学的角度理解这个观点。
人类的大脑是极其复杂的器官,它控制着我们的思考、感知和行动。
在这个过程中,大脑会根据我们过去的经验和当前的情境做出预测,并根据这些预测调整我们的行为。
这就是所谓的“大脑预测”。
然而,大脑的预测并不总是准确的。
有时候,我们的大脑可能会误解我们的真实意图,导致我们的行为与我们的初衷不符。
这就是Kcs在演讲中所强调的观点:“你的大脑会做它认为你想让它做的事情。
”例如,当我们面对压力时,大脑可能会错误地预测我们需要逃避或对抗,从而引发不必要的紧张和焦虑。
或者,当我们试图改变某种习惯时,大脑可能会因为过去的经历而坚持旧的行为模式,使我们难以实现改变。
那么,如何避免这种情况呢?Kcs给出了一个建议:通过有意识地引导我们的注意力和情绪,我们可以影响大脑的预测,进而改变我们的行为。
具体来说,我们可以通过正念冥想、积极思考和自我反思等方式,提高我们对自己思维模式和行为方式的认识。
这样,当大脑的预测出现偏差时,我们可以及时发现并纠正它,从而更好地掌控自己的生活。
结语:总的来说,“你的大脑会做它认为你想让它做的事情”这一观点为我们提供了一个全新的视角来看待自己的思维和行为。
通过了解大脑的工作机制,我们可以更好地理解和控制自己的心理状态,从而实现更好的生活品质。
同时,这也提醒我们,我们应该更加重视自我认知和自我管理的重要性。
只有真正认识自己,才能更好地掌握自己的生活。
绪论单元测试1.由IBM公司设计的()计算机与国际象棋世界冠军战胜了当时称霸世界棋坛的卡斯帕罗夫。
A:浅蓝B:深蓝C:浅绿D:深绿答案:B2.在“大众创业、万众创新”的时代大潮中,越来越多的人凭借自己的创意走上了创业之旅,取得了事业的成功,下列属于通过创意走上创业之旅的有()A:罗振宇从自媒体专栏“罗辑思维”发展到“得到”appB:王兴把美团从一个社交类团购网站变成了生态化网络平台。
C:马东借助“奇葩说”成就了米未传媒D:程维用滴滴出行重新塑造了网约车的商业模式答案:ABCD3.方军在《创意,未来的生活方式》一书中提到,创意就是创造性地分析问题和系统地解决问题,善于运用创意就会拥有未来的无限可能性。
()A:错B:对答案:B4.()中提到,苟日新日日新又日新。
人生因创造而美好,普通人因创新而伟大,创业艰辛,正因此创业者被人们尊重;开拓艰难,正因此奠基人被世人铭记。
A:《大学》B:《孟子》C:《论语》D:《中庸》答案:A5.创新创业学习不能仅限于在线课程,还可以通过()的方式开展。
A:大量阅读学术论文和专业书籍学习B:通过影视剧学习C:向行业精英们学习D:向资深专家们学习答案:ABCD6.诺基亚时代手机多种型号,苹果时代手机只做iPhone一个独生子说明在乌卡时代我们应该以变化来应对变化。
()A:错B:对答案:B第一章测试1.企业其实是企业家个性的外化,()决定了企业的发展方向。
()A:创业者对自身的了解B:创业者的资本C:创业者的心态D:创业者的目标答案:A2.创业的三把钥匙包括()A:“你能做什么”B:“你是谁”C:“你到哪里去”D:“你从哪里来”答案:BCD3.经济上的成功是创业的原因,但绝不是创业的结果。
()A:对B:错答案:B4.饿了么曾推出过以下哪些项目()A:蜂鸟系统B:未来餐厅C:火箭系统D:风车系统答案:AB5.大学生创业热情高、社会经验少,很难一次性取得成功或者取得大得成功。
()A:错B:对答案:B6.()决定了创业发展方向和关键时候的决策方式()A:个人喜好B:创新思维C:价值观和目标D:认知方式答案:C7.创业者可以从同行身上获得灵感,这是()型的创业。
【营销大师菲利普科勒论:怎么看你的对直销投资?】营销大师菲利普科勒论“销售”星巴克卖的不是咖啡,是休闲。
法拉利卖的不是跑车,卖的是一种驾驶快感和高贵。
劳力士卖的不是表,是奢侈的感觉和自信。
希尔顿卖的不是酒店,是舒适与安心。
麦肯锡卖的不是数据,是权威与专业,电子商务模式隆力奇卖的不是产品和机会,而是机会和产品给你带来的巨大价值。
经常在沟通中遇到这样的问题:很多的朋友在了解了隆力奇直销的具体内容后,谈到加入的时候,很惊讶的说:“哇,还需要投资呀”。
是的,创业都需要投资,我们这个项目也可以说不需要任何投资,只需要将家庭本身就要消费的生活必需品换一个品牌使用就可以取得品牌价值超百亿公司的终身代理经营权,并且还不需要任何的加盟的费。
不知道此刻,在看这篇文章的您怎么看待这句话?任何的生意都需要投资,相信这个观点大家都能认同吧,只是投资的大、小、长、短的概念。
那么,如何看待隆力奇直销的这个投资呢?首先,我们看一下我们为什么要投资做呢第一,我们需要的平台是不固定的,只要是适合自己、能够承载我们梦想的都可以考虑投资,隆力奇绝对不是我们唯一可以选择的路。
第二,我们既然是做生意就需要考虑投入产出比对吧,可能大家都想做大生意,那么,什么是大生意呢?难到一定是投资动辄千万的才是吗?我认为:大生意未必是好生意~大家认同吗?也就是说:大投资就意味着大风险,但是,未必有大回报!真正的好生意应该是:低成本、低风险、高回报,这才叫好生意,对吗?那我们看一下隆力奇具体需要投资多少呢?1、投资周转或消费共240spv(大约2500元人民币)产品成为公司的普卡经销商,前期回报20%利润起步,享受晋升过程中的5大项奖金。
(培育奖金提成为8%,单一部门周封顶为1万人民币)(适合从事业起步的创业者)2、投资周转或消费共720spv(大约7500元人民币)产品成为公司的金卡见习主任,前期回报25%利润起步,享受晋升过程中的5大项奖金。
(培育奖金提成为10%,单一部门周封顶为5万人民币)(适合从投资起步的领导者)3、投资周转或消费共1680spv(大约17500元人民币)产品成为公司发白金vip会员,,前期回报30%利润起步,享受晋升过程中的5大项奖金,并享受全国总业绩1%的平均加权分红,一次性消费2万元产品;也可申请报单中心,享受3%补贴。
Ted演讲稿:千禧一代和Z 世代如何投资于更美好的未来How millennials and Gen Z can invest in a betterfuture注:Gen Z(又名Z 世代、iGen 或百年纪念),是指1997 年至2012 年间出生的一代,继千禧一代之后。
这一代人在互联网和社交媒体上长大,到2020年完成大学并进入劳动力市场。
影响力投资者米格尔·冈卡尔维斯说,千禧一代和Z 世代将在未来几十年继承30 万亿美元的财富,他们如何使用这些钱将对地球的未来产生难以置信的影响。
他为ESG 投资(即把钱投到权衡环境和社会因素的基金中) 提供了举例,并提出在具有前瞻性思维的下一代的领导下,社会向更可持续、更公平的未来转变。
Millennials and Gen Z will inherit 30 trillion dollars of wealth in the coming decades, and what they do with their money will have an incredible impact on the future of the planet, says impact investor Miguel Goncalves. He makes a case for ESG investing -- or putting money in funds that weigh environmental and social factors -- and proposes a societal shift towards amore sustainable and equitable future, led by a forward-thinking next generation.在接下来的几十年里,我们千禧一代和Z 世代将继承人类曾经创造过最多的财富:约30 万亿美元。
TED演讲真正拉开人与人差距的,是知道自己贵在哪里hello大家好,我是达达。
你是否偶尔也会觉得,自己干得比拿得多,自己根本没有拿到应得的薪水。
但其实这个“定价”并不是源于老板觉得你值多少钱,而是源于你认为你自己值多少钱。
今天我们一起来听听定价顾问Casey Brown分享的一些故事和经验,也许可以帮助你更好地传达你的价值,并为您的卓越成就而获得报酬。
演讲者:Casey Brown演讲题目: Know your worth, and then ask for it 真正拉开人与人差距的来自TED英语演说优选00:0009:20中英文对照翻译No one will ever pay you what you're worth. They'll only ever pay you what they think you're worth. And you control their thinking, not like this, although that would be cool.没有人会为你真正的价值买单,他们只会为他们所认为的你的价值买单,并且你控制着他们的想法,不是像这样的,虽然他看起来很酷。
That would be really cool. Instead, like this: clearly defining and communicating your value are essential to being paid well for your excellence.这样看起来真的很酷,而是,像这样:清楚的定义并传达你的价值,并让你杰出的工作有所回报是非常重要的。
Anyone here want to be paid well? OK, good,then this talk is for everyone. It's got universal applicability.It's true if you're a business owner, if you're an employee, if you're a job seeker. It's true if you're a man or a woman.有人想要一份丰厚的薪水吗?好的,那么,这个讨论适用于每一个人。
ted语录
以下是一些ted语录:
- 地球在快速转动时,状态十分稳定。
但它放慢速度后就会失去稳定性,开始晃动。
如果没有月亮,情况就会是这样。
- 我们靠收集记忆碎片去创造未来的想象。
- 似乎有大量的无意识大脑活动在塑造你的决定,而你的意识在决定中表现得很滞后。
- 现实社会的情况是:成千上万的人们都在平静的绝望中煎熬。
他们夜以继日地从事他们痛恨的职业,目的是为了购买无用的商品,以博得无关痛痒的邻人的艳羡。
- 如果你不规划自己的生活,那么别人就会为你规划,而他们对平衡的处理,你往往并不认同。
所以,要自己承担起选择自己生活轨迹的重任。
- 主动感知你周遭的世界。
- 拥抱内心中那个三岁的自己,意识到让生活美好的那些小小快乐。
- 做真实的自己,心安理得做自己。
- 顺从自己的心意,让自己置身于能让你快乐的事务中。
- 抑郁是爱的缺陷。
如果你跟一个人结婚后想的是:“如果我的妻子去世了我会再找一个。
”据我所知,这不叫爱。
没有哪种爱情,是可以只感受幸福而不体验失去的。
这种绝望的幽灵,会成为亲密关系的动力。
TED演讲稿——我们为什么要工作现任TED掌门人克里斯·安德森说:“一次演讲令人惊奇的地方在于,你可以用几分钟的时间启发人们的思想。
这几分钟能把人从观众转变为参与者。
关键词是‘灵感’,它更像火花、催化剂,让你参与到比自己更伟大的事情中去。
”下面小编为大家整理TED演讲稿,希望能帮到你。
我们为什么要工作今天,我们来谈论工作,我想要提出并回答的问题是:我们为什么要工作?为什么每天早上我们要从床上把自己拖起来,而不能过我们想要的生活?比如精神饱满地看TED,看了一个有一个。
你可能问过自己这个问题。
当然,我知道,我们要有生计。
但没有人会觉得这就是答案:我们为什么要工作。
这间房间里的人们所做的工作是有难度的,是迷人的,令人兴奋的,是有意义的,如果我们幸运的话,它甚至是重要的!所以如果得不到收入,我们不会工作。
但这并不是我们做那份工作的原因!总的来说,我们认为,为物质上的回报而工作,是一个差的理由。
当我们说某个人是为钱,这就不仅仅是一种客观描述了,我认为这很明显。
但是这种明显的事实,向我提出了一个深刻的问题:如果说它那么明显的话,那么为什么地球上的大多数人所做的工作,并不能使我们每天早晨积极地从床上起来去工作?为什么地球上大多数的人做着单调、无意义、消磨灵魂的工作?为什么当资本主义发展,它创造了一种生产商品和服务的方式,在这当中,我们通过工作得不到的精神的满足?做这种工作的工人们,无论是在工厂,还是在呼叫中心,都是为了钱而工作,除了为钱,再也没有任何世俗的理由了。
所以问题是,为什么?答案在这里,答案就是技术,我知道,是的,技术,人们成了自动化的螺丝钉等等,这不是我说的意思,我说的不是包围了我们生活的那种技术,人们在TED上听到的那种。
我谈论的不是物质的技术,虽然从深层上也是,我谈论的是另一种技术,是思想的技术。
我叫它思想技术。
除了创造事物,科学家也创造思想,科学家创造理解的方式,而在社会科学中,人们所创造的理解方式,就是人们理解自己的方式。
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One of my favorite parts of my job at the Gates Foundation is that I get to travel to the developing world, and I do that quite regularly. And when I meet the mothers in so many of these remote places, I'm really struck by the things that we have in common. They want what we want for our children and that is for their children to grow up successful, to be healthy, and to have a successful life. But I also see lots of poverty, and it's quite jarring, both in the scale and the scope of it. My first trip in India, I was in a person's home where they had dirt floors, no running water, no electricity, and that's really what I see all over the world. So in short, I'm startled by all the things that they don't have. But I am surprised by one thing that they do have: Coca-Cola.Coke is everywhere. In fact, when I travel to the developing world, Coke feels ubiquitous. And so when I come back from these trips, and I'm thinking about development,and I'm flying home and I'm thinking, "We're trying to deliver condoms to people or vaccinations," you know, Coke's success kind of stops and makes you wonder: how is it that they can get Coke to these far-flung places? If they can do that, why can't governments and NGOs do the same thing? And I'm not the first person to ask this question. But I think, as a community, we still have a lot to learn. It's staggering, if you think about Coca-Cola. They sell 1.5 billion servings every single day. That's like every man, woman and child on the planet having a serving of Coke every week. So why does this matter? Well, if we're going to speed up the progress and go even faster on the set of Millennium Development Goals that we're set as a world, we need to learn from the innovators, and those innovators come from every single sector. I feel that, if we can understand what makes something like Coca-Cola ubiquitous, we can apply those lessons then for the public good.Coke's success is relevant, because if we can analyze it, learn from it, then we can save lives. So that's why I took a bit of time to study Coke. And I think there are really three things we can take away from Coca-Cola.They take real-time data and immediately feed it back into the product. They tap into local entrepreneurial talent, and they do incredible marketing. So let's start with the data. Now Coke has a very clear bottom line -- they report to a set ofshareholders, they have to turn a profit. So they take the data, and they use it to measure progress. They have this very continuous feedback loop. They learn something, they put it back into the product, they put it back into the market. They have a whole team called "Knowledge and Insight." It's a lot like other consumer companies. So if you're running Namibia for Coca-Cola, and you have a 107 constituencies, you know where every can versus bottle of Sprite, Fanta or Coke was sold, whether it was a corner store, a supermarket or a pushcart. So if sales start to drop, then the person can identify the problem and address the issue.Let's contrast that for a minute to development.In development, the evaluation comes at the very end of the project. I've sat in a lot of those meetings, and by then, it is way too late to use the data. I had somebody from an NGO once describe it to me as bowling in the dark. They said, "You roll the ball, you hear some pins go down. It's dark, you can't see which one goes down until the lights come on, and then you an see your impact." Real-time data turns on the lights.So what's the second thing that Coke's good at? They're good at tapping into that local entrepreneurial talent. Coke's been in Africa since 1928, but most of the time they couldn't reach the distant markets, because they had a system that was a lot like in the developed world, which was a large truck rolling down the street. And in Africa, the remote places, it's hard to find a good road. But Coke noticed something -- t hey noticed that local people were taking the product, buying it in bulk and then reselling it in these hard-to-reach places. And so they took a bit of time to learn about that. And they decided in 1990 that they wanted to start training the local entrepreneurs, giving them small loans. They set them up as what they called micro-distribution centers, and those local entrepreneurs then hire sales people, who go out with bicycles and pushcarts and wheelbarrows to sell the product. There are now some 3,000 of these centers employing about 15,000 people in Africa. In Tanzania and Uganda, they represent 90 percent of Coke's sales. Let's look at the development side.What is it that governments and NGOs can learn from Coke? Governments and NGOs need to tap into that local entrepreneurial talent as well, because the locals know how to reach the very hard-to-serve places, their neighbors, and they know what motivates them to make change. I think a great example of thisis Ethiopia's new health extension program. The government noticed in Ethiopia that many of the people were so far away from a health clinic, they were over a day's travel away from a health clinic. So if you're in an emergency situation -- or if you're a mom about to deliver a baby -- forget it, to get to the health care center. They decided that wasn't good enough, so they went to India and studied the Indian state of Kerala that also had a system like this, and they adapted it for Ethiopia. And in 2003, the government of Ethiopia started this new system in their own country. They trained 35,000 health extension workers to deliver care directly to the people. In just five years, their ratio went from one worker for every 30,000 people to one worker for every 2,500 people. Now, think about how this can change people's lives. Health extension workers can help with so many things, whether it's family planning, prenatal care, immunizations for the children, or advising the woman to get to the facility on time for an on-time delivery. That is having real impact in a country like Ethiopia, and it's why you see their child mortality numbers coming down 25 percent from 2000 to 2008. In Ethiopia, there are hundreds of thousands of children living because of this health extension worker program. So what's the next step for Ethiopia? Well, they're already starting talk about this. They're starting to talk about, "How do you have the health community workers generate their own ideas? How do you incent them based on the impact that they're getting out in those remote villages?" That's how you tap into local entrepreneurial talent and you unlock people's potential.The third component of Coke's success is marketing. Ultimately, Coke's success depends on one crucial fact and that is that people want a Coca-Cola. Now the reason these micro-entrepreneurs can sell or make a profit is they have to sell every single bottle in their pushcart or their wheelbarrow. So, they rely on Coca-Cola in terms of its marketing, and what's the secret to their marketing? Well, it's aspirational. It is associated that product with a kind of life that people want to live. So even though it's a global company, they take a very local approach. Coke's global campaign slogan is "Open Happiness." But they localize it. And they don't just guess what makes people happy; they go to places like Latin America and they realize that happiness there is associated with family life. And in South Africa, they associate happiness with seriti or community respect. Now, that played itself out in the World Cup campaign. Let's listen to this song that Coke created for it, "Wavin' Flag" by a Somali hip hop artist.(Video) K'Naan: Oh oh oh oh oh o-oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh Oh oh oh oh oh o-oh Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh o-oh Give you freedom, give you fire Give you reason, take you higher See the champions take the field now You define us, make us feel proud In the streets our heads are lifted As we lose our inhibition Celebration, it's around us Every nation, all around usMelinda French Gates: It feels pretty good, right? Well, they didn't stop there -- they localized it into 18 different languages. And it went number one on the pop chart in 17 countries. It reminds me of a song that I remember from my childhood, "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing," that also went number one on the pop charts. Both songs have something in common: that same appeal of celebration and unity. So how does health and development market? Well, it's based on avoidance, not aspirations. I'm sure you've heard some of these messages. "Use a condom, don't get AIDS." "Wash you hands, you might not get diarrhea." It doesn't sound anything like "Waving' Flag" to me.And I think we make a fundamental mistake -- we make an assumption, that we think that, if people need something, we don't have to make them want that. And I think that's a mistake. And there's some indications around the world that this is starting to change. One example is sanitation. We know that a million and a half children die a year from diarrhea and a lot of it is because of open defecation. But there's a solution: you build a toilet. But what we're finding around the world, over and over again, is, if you build a toilet and you leave it there, it doesn't get used. People reuse it for a slab for their home. They sometimes store grain in it. I've even seen it used for a chicken coop. (Laughter) But what does marketing really entail that would make a sanitation solution get a result in diarrhea? Well, you work with the community. You start to talk to them about why open defecation is something that shouldn't be done in the village, and they agree to that. But then you take the toilet and you position it as a modern, trendy convenience. One state in Northern India has gone so far as to link toilets to courtship. And it works -- look at these headlines. (Laughter) I'm not kidding. Women are refusing to marry men without toilets. No loo, no "I do."(Laughter)Now, it's not just a funny headline -- it's innovative. It's an innovative marketing campaign. But more importantly, it saves lives. Take a look at this -- this is a room full of young men and my husband, Bill. And can you guess what the young men are waiting for? They're waiting to be circumcised. Can you you believe that? We know that circumcision reduces HIV infection by 60 percent in men. And when we first heard this result inside the Foundation, I have to admit, Bill and I were scratching our heads a little bit and we were saying, "But who's going to volunteer for this procedure?" But it turns out the men do, becausethey're hearing from their girlfriends that they prefer it, and the men also believe it improves their sex life. So if we can start to understand what people really want in health and development, we can change communities and we can change whole nations.Well, why is all of this so important? So let's talk about what happens when this all comes together, when you tie the three things together. And polio, I think, is one of the most powerful examples. We've seen a 99 percent reduction in polio in 20 years. So if you look back to 1988, there are about 350,000 cases of polio on the planet that year. In 2009, we're down to 1,600 cases. Well how did that happen? Let's look at a country like India. They have over a billion people in this country, but they have 35,000 local doctors who report paralysis, and clinicians, a huge reporting system in chemists. They have two and a half million vaccinators. But let me make the story a little bit more concrete for you. Let me tell you the story of Shriram, an 18 month boy in Bihar, a northern state in India. This year on August 8th, he felt paralysis and on the 13th, his parents took him to the doctor. On August 14th and 15th, they took a stool sample, and by the 25th of August, it was confirmed he had Type 1 polio. By August 30th, a genetic test was done, and we knew what strain of polio Shriram had.Now it could have come from one of two places. It could have come from Nepal, just to the north, across the border, or from Jharkhand, a state just to the south. Luckily, the genetic testing proved that, in fact, this strand came north, because, had it come from the south, it would have had a much wider impact in terms of transmission. So many more people would have been affected. So what's the endgame? Well on September 4th, there was a huge mop-up campaign, which is what you do in polio. They went out and where Shriram lives, they vaccinated two million people. So in less than a month, we went from one case of paralysis to a targeted vaccination program. And I'm happy to say only one other person in that area got polio. That's how you keep a huge outbreak from spreading, and it shows what can happen when local people have the data in their hands; they can save lives.Now one of the challenges in polio, still, is marketing, but it might not be what you think. It's not the marketing on the ground. It's not telling the parents, "If you see paralysis, take your child to the doctor or get your child vaccinated." We have a problem with marketing in the donor community. The G8 nations have been incredibly generous on polio over the last 20 years, but we're startingto have something called polio fatigue and that is that the donor nations aren't willing to fund polio any longer. So by next summer, we're sighted to run out of money on polio. So we are 99 percent of the way there on this goal and we're about to run short of money. And I think that if the marketing were more aspirational, if we could focus as a community on how far we've come and how amazing it would be to eradicate this disease, we could put polio fatigue and polio behind us. And if we could do that, we could stop vaccinating everybody, worldwide, in all of our countries for polio. And it would only be the second disease ever wiped off the face of the planet. And we are so close. And this victory is so possible.So if Coke's marketers came to me and asked me to define happiness, I'd say my vision of happiness is a mother holding healthy baby in her arms. To me, that is deep happiness. And so if we can learn lessons from the innovators in every sector, then in the future we make together, that happiness can be just as ubiquitous as Coca-Cola.Thank you.译文我最喜欢的一个部分在盖茨基金会是我的工作,我前往发展中国家,经常和我这样做。
人人都想聊上两句 TED,因为它做的是中产阶级趣味的生意TED 10 周年了,确切地说是 TED 全球会议的 10 周年。
10 年前的 7 月 12-15 日,TED 全球首次会议在英国牛津召开,来参加这次会议的有不少响亮的名字,比如生物学家理查德·道金斯、维基百科创始人 Jimmy Wales,以及诺基亚的设计策略负责人马克·阿迪萨里。
此后在坦桑尼亚、南非、里约热内卢都举行过。
TED 的演讲,就是用 18 分钟来讲明白一件事情。
TED 这三个字母分别代表 T(Technology,技术),E(Entertainment,娱乐),D(Design,设计),最开始,每个演讲者主题内容也一般围绕这三样。
1984 年,TED 由一个叫做理查德·沃尔曼的建筑师创立,但是从 2002 年开始,这个松散的组织就落在一位叫做克里斯·安德森的人手里,他开始改变 TED 的组织方式,把 18 分钟的演讲内容传到网站上。
如今,它是互联网上最有代表性的一种视频形式。
它不够短,与最主流的视频长度相比,它又显得很长;它不够轻松,轻松的内容是那些娱乐又搞笑的,它是演讲,很严肃。
但是这并不妨碍它现在很火。
2003 年它创造的收入是 300 万美元,到了 2012 年,这个数字已经变成了 4510 万美元。
视频的总浏览量已经超过了 10 亿次,现在每天都会有 200 万次的浏览量。
你还会发现,如果某本书上标注了“TED 演讲人”这样的字样,往往会更好卖一些。
TED 还是一个标签,你也可以参与的一些 TEDx 线下论坛就是它授权的其中一种。
在Twitter 上,可以搜到以 TEDx 为名义做线下活动的组织有 88 个,在微博上,TEDx 这样的关键词可以搜到 50 多页。
TED 为什么这么火?因为它做的是中产阶级趣味的生意TED。
技术、娱乐、设计,这几乎是近年来个人消费领域上最重要的三个词。
创始人理查德·沃曼在 1984 年意识到了这一点。
“在 80 年代初,技术、娱乐和设计领域发生着变化,不是很多人能看到这一点,我看到了,并且认为这是一个机会。
”它希望邀请各界名流来讲讲这三个领域不断发生的创新事件,那一年第一次 TED 会议中展示出来的看上去很简陋的样本,后来都成为了大家愿意去买的东西,比如卢卡斯影业展示的一段 3D 图像,这是皮克斯动画的前身;比如史蒂夫·乔布斯展示的那个 128 K 的麦金塔电脑,还有麻省理工媒体实验室展示的一个声音识别技术。
TED 的历史实际上比 10 年要更长一些,1990 年,TED 在加洲长滩举办了第一次演讲,也就是现在我们知道的 TED 大会。
此后它每年都会举行一次。
但 TED 抓住了一个核心,技术、娱乐、设计,这些都是中产阶级的趣味和结合点。
先看看从 TED 诞生以来,有多少技术改变了我们的生活,早上起来你要看一眼手机上的新闻、早饭前可能会戴上手环跑两圈、用地图找一下待会儿要去的地方,到办公室的时候打开空气净化器、戴上蓝牙耳机听首音乐、晚上睡觉之前拿出 Kindle 看些书,每年都会冒出来的新技术正在左右我们的生活。
我们越来越需要娱乐,并且希望用简单有趣的方式了解世界,在中产阶级的生活里,娱乐最容易变成其中有趣的东西,我们越关注自己,也就越愿意为娱乐投资。
三年前,全球智能手机的销量已经超过了 PC 的销量,娱乐推动了技术的进步。
至于设计――还有什么能比一个有设计感、与众不同的带着设计师标签的产品更能显示出你卓而不群的品味呢!你会发现无论是手机、家居,还是 Airbnb 这样的产品,如果面向的是中产阶级,那么设计师肯定是这个团队里很关键的部分。
说得简单一点,TED 从一开始所关注的这三个领域都有类似的特点,他们都是一种上了档次的消费,也拥有更好的导向新消费的能力,这里一个很大的消费群体,就是中产阶级。
TED 的名人演讲内容,很大程度上是一种中产阶级趣味的体现。
这是一个很对的趋势,你做对了一件事,抓住一个对的趋势,赢的机会就会大很多。
当然,不是迎合中产阶级都能做出满足中产阶级的产品,成功还有其它理由TED 变成现在这个样子,很大原因来自于 2002 年克里斯·安德森的接手。
他那个时候创立过两家公司,一个叫做“未来”的杂志出版机构,一个叫做“雪球”民用网络公司,但 2000 年纳斯达克股灾让他创业的两家出版集团都遭到重创,也就是在这期间,他认识到 TED 的价值,2001 年他把 TED 买了下来,成为了他创立的种子基金会的一个项目。
此后就有了视频,克里斯·安德森把视频放到了网上,三个月之内创立了网站,一年之内视频浏览量超过了 1000 万,六年之内达到了 10 亿,比起昂贵的门票,视频是免费的,也拥有强大的传播力度。
当时把视频这件事做得最突出的是YouTube, 2005 年 YouTube 创立,到了 2006 年,它已经拥有每天吸引 600 万人浏览的能力。
在那个时候,人们也对做有趣的视频产生了兴趣,比如一些以游戏为主要内容的网站。
但是跟那些主打搞笑好玩的趣味视频比起来,TED 并不短,也相对严肃,但是它把我们此前需要在书上获取的知识碎片化了,以 PPT 的形式展现出来。
在此之前,如果你想搞明白这样一件事情,你得花上很长的时间来看书,TED 用 18 分钟帮你把它解决了。
18 分钟,艾隆·马斯克可以解释特斯拉、SpaceX 和太阳城背后的问题,经过他多年总结和思考的内容,你在那些翻页的 PPT 上就可以看到。
但让每一个演讲者都控制好自己的时间,并且在这规定时间内将最精华的信息生动地传递出去并不容易。
TED 演讲台前,每一个演讲者都会面对一个 18 分钟的计时器,而在他们开始演讲之前,主办方一般会跟他们进行长时间的磨合,PPT 如何才能与演讲内容结合达到最佳效果,演讲内容中,哪些应该缩短,哪些应该展开,主办方一般会跟演讲者进行至少半天的交流,并且进行 2-3 次来回的交谈和会面。
艾隆·马斯克和克里斯·安德森对谈所以,它成为了一个标签,一个很贵的 7500 美元的标签那么去现场听一次一年一度的 TED 呢?你需要花 7500 美元,参加为期四天的演讲。
在克里斯·安德森决定要把 TED 做成视频形式的时候,他曾经担心过门票的收入。
不过他的做法确实把门票价格提高,却发现前来听一场 TED 的人有增无减。
可能更加关键的问题不是为什么一年一度的 TED 值 7500 美元,而是为什么有了视频之后,还会有更多的人愿意跑到现场去看?TED 已经类似于 WWDC 和 Google I/O,在视频出来之前,它至少做到了一件事情,保持质量。
视频出来之后,它只不过给这种高质量的演讲增添了更多的神秘感,让人们甚至从“去听听那里在讲什么”变成了朝圣,类似宗教仪式。
在四天的 TED 里,人们可以看到密集的名人,四周的环境和“身临其境”的感觉,包括所选择场地的建筑,会场所提供服务的格调(TED 从来都在走高端路线),细节上跟观众观念上的契合(重复利用,回收易拉罐之类的做法)能够说服花得起这个钱的人,并且顺理成章地让他们传播 TED 的好口碑。
但毕竟不是所有人都花得起那 7500 美元去听为期四天的讲座,TED 有很多你可能参加过,但未必分得清的其它化身。
除了正儿八经的 TED Conference 之外,还有这些很像的名字: TEDx,TED Fellows,TED Active……TEDx:这是 2009 年推出一个品牌授权的形式,简单来说,它就是散落在世界各地的小型的 TED,只要获得官方的授权,人们就可以在当地邀请专业人士来做各种小型的TED 活动,其实在中国官方授权的 TEDx 项目有一百多个,一般都在高校举行,不过像北京 798 艺术区尤伦斯当代艺术中心这样的地方也有。
收费各异,有的时候不要钱,有时一百来块左右可以买到,不过因为是自发组织,很多时候质量问题也在所难免。
TED Fellows:这是用来发掘更多优秀人才加盟 TED 的一个项目,目标地区是发展中国家,40 岁以下的人们可以申请成为 TED Fellow,TED 会让他们发表简短的演讲,这也是 TED 希望引进源源不断的新话题,更加吸引人的办法。
TED Books:18 分钟没有解决完的问题,可以到这里来解决,演讲过后,这里是阅读的部分,你会看到《未来的 100 个建筑》、《爱的方程式》、《我们将如何在火星上生活》这样的书,不过这也是另外一种碎片化,用户通过手机进入这个叫做 TED Books 的 app,并且在上面提供资源。
TED-Ed:TED 也做在线课程,不过比起 Coursera 这样的课程而言,它更像一个互助式的自习课堂,用户可以自己上传任何一条视频,添加针对这个视频供学生回答的课后选择题、笔记和相关的资源,每个视频大概有 4 分钟内容。
TED Prize:对了,从 2005 年开始,它每年还会颁发 TED 大奖――不是表彰成就,而是赞助愿望,它们每年会奖励三个“足以改变世界”的愿望,获奖者会获得十万美金去做他们说的这件事情,去年获奖的是一个叫做 Dave Isay 的电台节目制作人,他的想法就是做一个叫做 StoryCorps 的手机应用,让采访记录变成一件可以分享的事情,用户可以在街上找一个人,打开应用,采访,让他们讲讲自己的故事,录音,之后上传,积累到一定数量之后,你打开这个应用就可以听到世界各地人们讲述自己的故事了。
于是,有很多人去学它。
当 TED 变成了一门很流行的生意,同样可以是出于刻奇的心理,每个人也都想就此继续做下去,但大多数学的只是皮毛。
有很多本地化的尝试,比如一席。
但他们必须面对的挑战是,选择平台的权利还是在观众这一边,他们仍然需要有很高的专业性和内容的质量,而这正是目前国内许多 TED 效仿者所面临的问题。
TED 成功的核心在于技术、娱乐和设计,但是国内的类似活动还需要更加清晰的定位;时间的把握也很关键,TED 作为一个碎片化的开始,很清楚如何抓住观众的注意力和保持新鲜感,但在国内,中国的效仿者大多没有严格控制演讲时间的想法,演讲内容也只能因为演讲者想说什么而定,这跟 TED 严格控制演讲时间,敲定演讲内容的做法很不一样。
国内的效仿者效仿的大多是“请个人来演讲”的部分,到现在为止,他们还只能让人产生一种这样的感觉:“好歹去了一趟也能见着个名人”以及“回来也可以跟人说,我去了一个跟 TED 很像的地方啊”。
但是作为一个瞄准中产阶级的产品,它也带上了一些刻奇的色彩于是 TED 无形中给人们创造了这样一种感觉:只要花上足够长的时间,把这些内容全部看完,自然就能像那些演讲者一样对一个领域的技术和未来了如指掌。