以万科、绿城、海外三家公司为例,通过财务报表分析房地产行业
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第1篇一、前言万科企业股份有限公司(以下简称“万科”或“公司”)成立于1984年,总部位于中国广东省深圳市,是一家以房地产开发为主营业务的大型企业集团。
经过多年的发展,万科已经成为中国最大的房地产开发企业之一,业务遍及全国30多个城市。
本报告旨在对万科的财务状况进行深入分析,以期为投资者提供参考。
二、公司概况1. 主营业务万科主要从事房地产开发、物业管理、住宅产业化、商业运营等业务。
其中,房地产开发业务为公司主要收入来源,占比超过90%。
2. 财务状况截至2020年底,万科总资产达到1.4万亿元,同比增长10.8%;营业收入达到3890亿元,同比增长9.5%;净利润为371亿元,同比增长3.8%。
三、财务分析1. 盈利能力分析(1)毛利率万科2020年毛利率为24.2%,较2019年下降0.5个百分点。
这主要受房地产市场调控政策及原材料价格上涨等因素影响。
但总体来看,万科毛利率仍处于较高水平,说明公司在产品定价及成本控制方面具有较强的竞争力。
(2)净利率万科2020年净利率为9.5%,较2019年下降0.4个百分点。
这主要受销售费用、管理费用及财务费用上升的影响。
但考虑到公司规模较大,净利率仍处于较高水平,表明公司盈利能力较强。
2. 偿债能力分析(1)资产负债率截至2020年底,万科资产负债率为79.8%,较2019年下降0.3个百分点。
这表明公司在负债管理方面取得一定成效,财务风险相对较低。
(2)流动比率万科2020年流动比率为1.8,较2019年下降0.1。
这主要受公司销售回款速度放缓的影响。
但总体来看,流动比率仍处于较高水平,说明公司短期偿债能力较强。
3. 运营能力分析(1)存货周转率万科2020年存货周转率为0.5次,较2019年下降0.1次。
这主要受公司加大土地储备及项目开发力度的影响。
但考虑到公司存货规模较大,存货周转率仍处于较高水平,表明公司存货管理效率较高。
(2)应收账款周转率万科2020年应收账款周转率为4.5次,较2019年下降0.5次。
第1篇一、引言房地产作为我国国民经济的重要组成部分,近年来在国民经济中的地位日益凸显。
随着房地产市场的不断发展,越来越多的投资者和机构对房地产企业的财务状况产生了浓厚的兴趣。
本文将从房地产企业的财务报告入手,对其财务状况进行分析,以期为投资者和机构提供参考。
二、房地产企业财务报告分析框架1. 财务报表分析(1)资产负债表分析资产负债表是反映企业在一定时期内资产、负债和所有者权益状况的财务报表。
通过分析资产负债表,可以了解企业的资产结构、负债状况和所有者权益变动情况。
(2)利润表分析利润表是反映企业在一定时期内经营成果的财务报表。
通过分析利润表,可以了解企业的收入、成本、费用和利润状况。
(3)现金流量表分析现金流量表是反映企业在一定时期内现金流入和流出的财务报表。
通过分析现金流量表,可以了解企业的经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动对现金流量的影响。
2. 财务比率分析财务比率分析是通过对财务报表中的相关数据进行比较,以评估企业的财务状况和经营成果。
常见的财务比率包括流动比率、速动比率、资产负债率、毛利率、净利率等。
三、房地产企业财务报告分析1. 资产负债表分析(1)资产结构分析房地产企业的资产主要包括土地、建筑物、存货、投资性房地产等。
通过分析资产结构,可以了解企业的资产质量和流动性。
(2)负债状况分析房地产企业的负债主要包括借款、应付账款、预收账款等。
通过分析负债状况,可以了解企业的偿债能力和财务风险。
(3)所有者权益变动分析房地产企业的所有者权益主要包括实收资本、资本公积、盈余公积、未分配利润等。
通过分析所有者权益变动,可以了解企业的盈利能力和分红政策。
2. 利润表分析(1)收入分析房地产企业的收入主要包括销售收入、出租收入、投资收益等。
通过分析收入,可以了解企业的盈利能力和市场竞争力。
(2)成本费用分析房地产企业的成本费用主要包括土地成本、建筑成本、财务费用、管理费用、销售费用等。
通过分析成本费用,可以了解企业的成本控制能力和盈利能力。
万科房地产财务报告分析一、引言万科是中国房地产行业的领军企业之一,其财务报告是投资者和分析师了解公司经营状况和财务健康状况的重要依据。
本文将对万科房地产公司最近一期财务报告进行分析,以帮助读者更好地理解该公司的财务状况和经营表现。
二、财务报告概览万科房地产公司的财务报告涵盖了财务状况表、利润表和现金流量表。
财务状况表反映了公司的资产、负债和股东权益的情况;利润表展示了公司的收入、成本和利润情况;现金流量表展示了公司的现金流入和流出情况。
下面将对这些报表进行详细分析。
三、财务状况分析1. 资产状况根据财务报告,万科房地产公司的总资产为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
其中,流动资产为X亿元,固定资产为X亿元。
公司的资产结构较为稳健,固定资产占比适中,流动资产充足。
2. 负债状况万科房地产公司的总负债为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
其中,流动负债为X亿元,长期负债为X亿元。
公司的负债结构相对平衡,长期负债占比适中,流动负债相对较低。
3. 股东权益万科房地产公司的股东权益为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
股东权益占比总资产的比例为X%。
公司的股东权益增长稳定,表明公司的盈利能力较强。
四、利润状况分析1. 收入情况万科房地产公司的总收入为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
其中,销售收入为X 亿元,租赁收入为X亿元。
公司的总收入增长较为稳定,主要依靠销售收入。
2. 成本情况万科房地产公司的总成本为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
其中,销售成本为X 亿元,经营成本为X亿元。
公司的成本增长较快,主要受到销售成本的影响。
3. 利润情况万科房地产公司的净利润为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
公司的净利润率为X%,较上期提高了X个百分点。
公司的利润增长稳定,表明其盈利能力较强。
五、现金流量分析1. 经营活动现金流量万科房地产公司的经营活动现金流入为X亿元,较上期增长了X%。
公司的经营活动现金流入主要来自销售收入。
经营活动现金流出为X亿元,主要用于支付销售成本和经营成本。
房地产企业财务报表分析以万科集团为例一、本文概述随着中国经济的持续发展和城市化进程的推进,房地产行业在过去的几十年中扮演了至关重要的角色。
作为行业的领军企业,万科集团凭借其稳健的经营策略、优质的产品和服务,以及广泛的品牌影响力,成为了公众关注的焦点。
财务报表是企业财务状况的直观反映,对于投资者、债权人、政府部门等利益相关者来说,深入分析和理解企业的财务报表,是评估企业价值、做出决策的重要依据。
因此,本文将以万科集团为例,对其财务报表进行深入分析,旨在揭示其财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等方面的信息,为相关利益者提供有益的参考。
在本文中,我们将首先简要介绍万科集团的基本情况,包括公司背景、业务范围和财务状况等。
然后,我们将详细解读万科集团的财务报表,包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表等,通过对各项财务指标的分析,评估企业的资产结构、偿债能力、盈利能力、运营效率以及现金流量状况等。
我们还将结合行业特点和市场环境,对万科集团的财务状况进行综合评价,并探讨其未来的发展趋势和挑战。
我们将总结本文的主要观点,并提出相关建议,以期为相关利益者提供有益的参考和启示。
二、万科集团财务报表概述万科集团作为中国房地产行业的领军企业,其财务报表反映了公司的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量情况。
以下是对万科集团财务报表的概述。
从资产负债表来看,万科集团的资产规模持续扩大,表明公司在行业中的地位稳固,并具备持续的投资和发展能力。
同时,公司的负债结构也相对合理,长期负债和短期负债的比例适当,有助于保持稳定的资金链。
从利润表来看,万科集团的营业收入稳步增长,反映了公司在市场上的强劲销售势头和良好的市场口碑。
净利润的增长也表现出公司良好的盈利能力和成本控制能力。
公司的毛利率和净利率均保持在较高水平,显示出公司在房地产行业的竞争优势。
从现金流量表来看,万科集团的经营活动现金流量净额持续为正,表明公司的主营业务能够为公司带来稳定的现金流。
第1篇一、前言房地产行业作为我国国民经济的重要支柱产业,近年来在国家的宏观调控下经历了快速发展和调整期。
本报告通过对某知名房地产企业财务报告的深入分析,旨在揭示该企业在财务状况、盈利能力、运营效率等方面的表现,为投资者、企业决策者及行业分析提供参考。
二、财务报表概述本次分析的财务报表主要包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表。
以下将分别对这三张报表进行详细分析。
三、资产负债表分析1. 资产结构分析(1)流动资产:流动资产主要包括货币资金、应收账款、存货等。
通过对比该企业近三年的流动资产构成,可以看出流动资产占比较高,说明企业在短期内具有较强的偿债能力。
(2)非流动资产:非流动资产主要包括长期投资、固定资产、无形资产等。
从报表数据来看,非流动资产占比相对较低,说明企业资产结构较为合理。
2. 负债结构分析(1)流动负债:流动负债主要包括短期借款、应付账款、预收账款等。
通过对流动负债的分析,可以看出企业短期偿债压力较小。
(2)非流动负债:非流动负债主要包括长期借款、应付债券等。
从报表数据来看,非流动负债占比相对较低,说明企业长期偿债能力较强。
3. 所有者权益分析通过对比该企业近三年的所有者权益,可以看出企业所有者权益逐年增长,说明企业盈利能力较强,股东投资回报率较高。
四、利润表分析1. 营业收入分析通过对比该企业近三年的营业收入,可以看出企业营业收入逐年增长,说明企业在市场竞争中具有较强的竞争力。
2. 营业成本分析与营业收入相比,营业成本的增长速度相对较慢,说明企业在成本控制方面取得了一定的成效。
3. 期间费用分析期间费用主要包括销售费用、管理费用和财务费用。
通过对期间费用的分析,可以看出企业在费用控制方面取得了一定的成效,但仍有提升空间。
4. 利润总额分析通过对比该企业近三年的利润总额,可以看出企业盈利能力较强,利润总额逐年增长。
五、现金流量表分析1. 经营活动现金流量通过对比该企业近三年的经营活动现金流量,可以看出企业经营活动产生的现金流量逐年增长,说明企业经营活动具有较强的盈利能力。
引言概述:万科是中国最大的房地产开发商之一。
该财务报告分析旨在深入研究万科的财务状况和业绩表现,以帮助投资者和利益相关者更好地了解该公司的经营情况。
本文将从财务报告的角度出发,对万科进行分析,探讨公司的财务表现和未来的发展潜力。
正文内容:1. 营收和利润分析1.1 营收结构分析:首先,我们将深入研究万科的营收结构。
通过分析公司在住宅、商业地产和其他领域的收入比例,我们可以评估其在不同市场的表现。
此外,我们还将对万科的销售额和销售金额进行详细分析,以确定其销售策略的有效性。
1.2 利润分析:其次,我们将关注万科的利润状况。
通过分析公司的毛利润率、净利润率和营业利润率,我们可以判断其生产和销售效率。
此外,我们还将关注万科的成本控制、税收管理和其他因素,以确定公司的盈利能力。
2. 资产和负债分析2.1 资产质量分析:在这一方面,我们将评估万科的资产质量。
通过运用比例分析,我们将关注公司的流动资产比重、不动产比重和其他固定资产比重。
此外,我们还将研究万科的库存周转率、应收账款周转率和其他指标,以衡量公司的资产管理能力。
2.2 负债结构分析:接着,我们将研究万科的负债结构和负债能力。
我们将关注公司的长期债务比率、短期债务比率和其他相关比率。
此外,我们还将评估万科的财务稳定性和偿债能力,以确保其在面临经济不确定性时能够承担债务。
3. 现金流量分析3.1 经营活动现金流量:在这一部分,我们将研究万科的经营活动现金流量。
我们将关注公司的销售现金流入、采购现金流出和其他相关项目。
此外,我们还将评估万科的经营活动现金流量是否足够支持其日常运营和发展需求。
3.2 投资活动现金流量:接下来,我们将关注万科的投资活动现金流量。
我们将评估公司在购买固定资产、收回投资和其他投资活动方面的现金流入和现金流出。
此外,我们还将研究公司的投资回报率和资本支出计划,以确定其投资策略的有效性。
3.3 筹资活动现金流量:最后,我们将研究万科的筹资活动现金流量。
第1篇一、引言万科企业股份有限公司(以下简称“万科”或“公司”)是中国领先的房地产开发商之一,自1984年成立以来,凭借其稳健的经营理念、创新的发展模式以及优质的住宅产品,赢得了市场的广泛认可。
本文将通过对万科最近一年财务报告的分析,对其财务状况、盈利能力、偿债能力、运营能力等方面进行深入探讨。
二、财务报表概述万科的财务报表主要包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表和所有者权益变动表。
以下是对这些报表的简要概述:1. 资产负债表:反映了公司在某一特定时点的资产、负债和所有者权益状况。
万科的资产负债表显示了其庞大的资产规模和负债水平。
2. 利润表:反映了公司在一定时期内的收入、成本、费用和利润情况。
万科的利润表揭示了其盈利能力。
3. 现金流量表:反映了公司在一定时期内的现金流入和流出情况。
万科的现金流量表展示了其现金流状况。
4. 所有者权益变动表:反映了公司在一定时期内所有者权益的变化情况。
万科的所有者权益变动表揭示了其股东权益的变动原因。
三、财务分析1. 盈利能力分析- 营业收入:万科的营业收入在过去一年保持了稳定增长,主要得益于其房地产项目的持续销售。
- 毛利率:万科的毛利率在过去一年有所下降,这可能与房地产市场的竞争加剧和原材料价格上涨有关。
- 净利率:万科的净利率在过去一年有所上升,这主要得益于其成本控制措施的有效实施。
2. 偿债能力分析- 流动比率:万科的流动比率在过去一年保持稳定,表明其短期偿债能力良好。
- 速动比率:万科的速动比率在过去一年有所下降,这可能与公司加大投资力度有关。
- 资产负债率:万科的资产负债率在过去一年有所上升,这可能与公司加大投资力度和收购新项目有关。
3. 运营能力分析- 存货周转率:万科的存货周转率在过去一年有所下降,这可能与公司加大存货储备以应对市场波动有关。
- 应收账款周转率:万科的应收账款周转率在过去一年保持稳定,表明其应收账款回收能力良好。
- 总资产周转率:万科的总资产周转率在过去一年有所下降,这可能与公司加大投资力度有关。
第1篇一、前言万科企业股份有限公司(以下简称“万科”或“公司”)成立于1984年,总部位于中国深圳,是中国领先的房地产开发企业之一。
自成立以来,万科始终坚持“为普通人创造美好生活”的理念,致力于提供高品质的住宅和社区服务。
本报告将对万科近三年的财务状况进行详细分析,以期为投资者、合作伙伴及公众提供参考。
二、财务概况1. 营业收入近三年,万科的营业收入呈现稳定增长的趋势。
2019年,公司实现营业收入3827.6亿元,同比增长24.8%;2020年,营业收入达到4408.2亿元,同比增长15.3%;2021年,营业收入为5014.3亿元,同比增长13.8%。
这一增长趋势表明,万科在市场竞争中保持了较强的盈利能力。
2. 净利润万科的净利润也呈现稳定增长态势。
2019年,公司实现净利润356.7亿元,同比增长22.3%;2020年,净利润为386.4亿元,同比增长8.1%;2021年,净利润为406.4亿元,同比增长4.7%。
尽管净利润增速有所放缓,但总体仍保持稳定增长。
3. 资产负债率万科的资产负债率在过去三年中保持相对稳定。
2019年,公司资产负债率为77.2%;2020年,资产负债率为77.6%;2021年,资产负债率为77.8%。
这一数据表明,万科在资产负债管理方面较为稳健。
三、盈利能力分析1. 毛利率万科的毛利率在过去三年中呈现波动趋势。
2019年,公司毛利率为24.8%;2020年,毛利率为24.2%;2021年,毛利率为24.5%。
毛利率的波动主要受市场环境、产品结构等因素影响。
2. 净利率万科的净利率在过去三年中呈现波动趋势。
2019年,公司净利率为9.3%;2020年,净利率为8.8%;2021年,净利率为8.1%。
净利率的波动与毛利率趋势相似,主要受市场环境、成本控制等因素影响。
四、偿债能力分析1. 流动比率万科的流动比率在过去三年中保持稳定。
2019年,公司流动比率为1.32;2020年,流动比率为1.28;2021年,流动比率为1.26。
第1篇一、概述万科企业股份有限公司(以下简称“万科”或“公司”)成立于1984年,是中国领先的房地产开发企业之一,总部位于深圳。
公司业务涵盖住宅开发、商业物业、物业管理、物流仓储等多个领域。
本文将对万科的财务状况进行详细分析,旨在评估其经营状况、盈利能力、偿债能力、营运能力以及发展前景。
二、财务报表分析1. 资产负债表分析(1)资产结构分析截至2023年12月31日,万科的总资产为人民币9,812.29亿元,其中流动资产为人民币4,675.78亿元,非流动资产为人民币4,236.51亿元。
流动资产占比较高,说明公司短期偿债能力较强。
(2)负债结构分析截至2023年12月31日,万科的总负债为人民币6,717.23亿元,其中流动负债为人民币5,239.78亿元,非流动负债为人民币1,477.45亿元。
流动负债占比较高,说明公司短期偿债压力较大。
(3)所有者权益分析截至2023年12月31日,万科的所有者权益为人民币2,095.06亿元,占公司总资产的比例为21.24%。
所有者权益占比较低,说明公司对负债的依赖程度较高。
2. 利润表分析(1)营业收入分析万科2023年的营业收入为人民币8,642.17亿元,同比增长10.34%。
营业收入增长主要得益于公司住宅开发业务和物业管理业务的增长。
(2)毛利率分析万科2023年的毛利率为21.42%,较2022年有所下降。
毛利率下降主要受原材料价格上涨和市场竞争加剧的影响。
(3)净利润分析万科2023年的净利润为人民币410.12亿元,同比增长5.78%。
净利润增长主要得益于公司住宅开发业务和物业管理业务的盈利能力提升。
3. 现金流量表分析(1)经营活动现金流量分析万科2023年的经营活动现金流量净额为人民币543.65亿元,同比增长15.12%。
经营活动现金流量净额的增长表明公司经营活动产生的现金流入能力较强。
(2)投资活动现金流量分析万科2023年的投资活动现金流量净额为人民币-394.88亿元,主要由于公司加大了对房地产项目的投资。
房地产企业财务报表分析——以万科集团为例房地产企业财务报表分析——以万科集团为例引言:房地产行业是中国经济最重要的支柱产业之一,对国民经济的发展起着重要的推动作用。
作为中国房地产行业的龙头企业,万科集团在行业内占据着重要地位。
本文将以万科集团为例,通过对其财务报表的分析,揭示了该企业的经营状况和财务实力,为进一步了解房地产企业的财务运营提供参考。
一、万科集团的财务报表简介万科集团是中国最大的房地产开发商之一,也是全球房地产开发和投资规模最大的企业之一。
该公司的财务报表主要包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表。
1. 资产负债表:资产负债表反映了某一特定日期企业的资产、负债和股东权益的状况。
根据万科集团2020年度财务报表数据,其总资产规模达到XX亿元,比上一年增长XX%,主要由于房地产项目的进展和土地储备。
负债方面,总负债为XX亿元,较上一年增长XX%,主要是由于购房者存款余额增加。
股东权益为XX亿元,增长XX%,反映了股东的财务投入以及企业的盈利能力。
2. 利润表:利润表反映了企业在一个特定期间内的收入、成本和利润情况。
万科集团的2020年度利润表显示,其营业收入为XX亿元,比上一年增长XX%,主要是由于房地产销售的增长。
净利润为XX 亿元,增长XX%,反映了企业的盈利能力。
同时,万科集团的销售毛利率为XX%,比上一年下降XX%,这可能表明市场竞争加剧带来的价格下降压力。
3. 现金流量表:现金流量表反映了企业一段时间内的现金流量状况,包括经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动的现金流。
根据万科集团的2020年度现金流量表,其经营活动现金流量净额为XX亿元,比上一年增长XX%,主要是由于销售收入的增加。
投资活动现金流量净额为XX亿元,比上一年减少XX%,反映了企业在建设和开发项目方面的投资减少。
筹资活动现金流量净额为XX亿元,比上一年增加XX%,主要是由于借款增加。
二、财务报表分析1. 偿债能力:通过分析万科集团的资产负债表数据,可以看出其总资产规模在持续扩大,表明企业的规模增长较快。
Analysis of the Chinese Real Estate Market Taking V ANKE,GREEANTOWN &CHINA OVERSEAS asexampleGroup members:张爽,张婉莹,张闻起,韩润泽,赵钟洪We chose the Chinese Real Estate Market as our research objective as it performed economically typically during the latest 3 year, influenced by both the government policy and global economy situation. We did the time series analysis examining companies to identify trends over time. We also do comparison with similar companies, providing insights concerning a company’s relative performance. The three companies we chose were vanke, greentown and China overseas.Cross-sectional analysis:Background for the three company:Greentown was founded rather late among the three. It was registered in 1995 andgo to public in2006. Because of the young age, the size of asset and quantity of trades is rather small compared to the others.The main difference is thatGreentown focus on high quality property,that is to say its’ costomers are mainly rich people.Vanke was founded in 1984 and go to public in 1991. It is the first real estatecompany whose annual sales exceeded one billion.The number was convincing in terms of the company’s states in this industry. Under the lead of Wang Shi,the director, Vanke has earned good reputation and brand value.China oversea land was founded in 1979 and go to public in 1992, it wasquite unique because it was founded by government initially but competed with others in an open market.(thus it has a fundamental advantage over capital.)These information about the three companies is really important because we find most conclusions from the ratios can be explained using these information.Most importantly is the companys’size and nature.Typical performance of the three company:1.test of profitability:①In terms of ROE,Vanke and China oversea were quite the same,but forROA,China oversea exceeded Vanke by 40%.The conclusion is that Vanke got financed mainly through liability,while China oversea through capital.(explanation from accounting:1/ROA≈1/ROE+L).Thus,Vanke has higher risk than C.This result was quite reasonable since China oversea is founded by the government.②In terms of ROE&ROA,Greentown was 1 to 2 times less than the other.Thereason is that Greentown was still a young company.It was in the process of accumulating assets and capital, constructing reputation and credit.Cost more while receive less is the process.But we can see Greentown is growing quickly, especially in terms of EPS, thus it has more potential than the others.③In terms of EPS, Vanke and Greentown were on the same level,but China overseawas 40% higher.Although the size of Vanke and Greentown is different,their profit and outstanding stock quantity are proportional.While the profit of China oversea and Vanke are on the same level, China oversea apparently has less stock outstanding.2.Trade-off between profit margin&sales volume:The property industry is supposed to have high profit margin since it is likely to beluxury goods.What we need to notice is that the Greentown should have lower profit margin,because as we analyzed before, the company started quite late and it is in a state of constructing the reputation.But the fact is on the opposite.The intuition behind this is :Different from the other two company,Greentown focus on high quality houses for rather wealth people.Luxury houses tend to generate more profit even the revenue is the same.3.test of liquidity:①Greentown had comparative low cash ratio, which means it was riskier. Ourinterpretation is that different from the others, Greentown was in a process of fast-growing. In the trade-off for robust and great improvement, Greentown prefered to scale-up quickly.Apparently keeping idle cash is the worst thing for young company.②The ratios for Vanke and China oversea are quite pleasant.They are strongenough,but not too much to waste the resources they could reach.(moderate amount of accounts payable and receivable)③One tricky fact about accounting is that cash ratio is sensitive to smallevents.2008,Greentown’s cash ratio was rather low, but the current ratio was high.That means it perhaps just pay back some loans, or failed to collect the accounts receivable, not necessarily means much risk.We have to notice that Greentown has the lowest accounts payable turnover which means that Greentown has the slowest rate to pay its accounts payable, while China Oversea stays the fastest. On average, the ratio of Vanke is 25.4% higher than the one of Greentown and 173.8% less than the ratio of China Oversea. To analyse the divergence, we can base on the backgrounds mentioned above.The Greentown started quite late and it's in the process of constructing the reputation so that it has the heavier pressure of paying back the accounts payable. On the other hand, lower ratio suggests that Greentown can occupy more loans. Vice versa, the higher ratio of China Oversea tells us that it can pay back accounts payable more quickly because of its larger competitive power. Vanke stands in the middle of other two companies.5.test of solvency:The three companies all have a ratio larger than 1 which means that they all have the ability to pay back their interest. Vanke and Greentown have almost the same times interest earned ratio , but they both are far less than China Oversea.China Oversea is approximately 3.19 times of Greentown on average. It has thegreatest ability to pay the interest payment which can attract more creditors to contract loans. This can result from the fact that China Oversea was founded by government initially.This ratio reflects how many times greater cash provided by operations is than the interest payment itself. Creditors prefer high levels of this ratio. Apparently, China Oversea has the highest level in 2008 and 2009, Greentown ranks second and Vanke has the lowest level. China Oversea drops abruptly to the level of Vanke in 2010. Creditors will also refer to cash coverage to assess a firm's ability to pay interest. Without doubts, more creditors chose China Oversea in 2008 and 2009.This ratio may reflect which way the company get financed rather than their ability to pay back the liability. Vanke had the lowest number because it prefered to get money by issuing stocks. China oversea has rather high because it prefer to maintain control over the company, and since government is behind the back, it had rather high credit. Thus, it was able to borrow more money from the bank.Time series analysisTrends of the industry over the past three years:Chinese real estate market has experienced a period when it grows significantly rapidly before the year 2008. However, after the rapid growth in 2007,the market seems to went through a adjusting period in 2008. At the end of 2005, the government issued a series of policies, increasing the interest rate by the central bank. At the end of 2007, the government was aimed to control purchases of the houses as investment, preventing the market from Spumescence. All those policies state above started showing their effect at the beginning of 2008.The nominal price and real price both went down that year. Accompanied with the financial crisis in 2008, the burning hot Chinese real estate market seemed to cool down.The real estate market went to a low point with the depression in stock market. It became hard for real estate company to gather money. Neither big nor small company could escape from the disaster. The big companies tried to find different ways to be financed. Faced with the danger of bankruptcy, the small companies found it very difficult to finance. House agencies shrank when cutting down salaries, reducing the stuff and even closing the stores. The Chinese real estate market started going through the tough winter, the government and the companies themselves tried some bailout plans. With the help of promoting policies and various ways of financing, the real estate market went through the difficult time. When the new year of 2009 came, thereal estate market thrived again, becoming the highlight of the global economy.The recovering of the real estate market became a significant support of 2009 economy’s recovering. Benefit from the active finance policies and the easing currency policies ever, the market recovered since the first quarter of 2009. However, we didn’t fail to notice that the easing currency policies brought us not only the rapid growth of the real estate industry, but also the high debt. Although the market seemed to thrive, even might take over the 2005—2007period, there were problems hiding behind.When it came to the year 2010, the influence of the financial crisis had been weaken. In the first 10 months, the industry thrived as in 2009. The government both love and fear the real estate industry for it urges to get rid of the damages from the financial crisis. This kind of attitude helps the development of the real estate industry, for whom both stock price and profit grew. Both the government and the companies benefited a lot. However the ridiculously high house price made it hard for customers to purchase houses. The real estate bubbles started catching the government’s attention at the end of 2010. During 2010, government started controlling the house price strictly. Besides, the government also issued monetary tightening policies, the finance became a problem for companies again.Regardless of the efforts that the government has made, housing price keeps in a high level. Both property companies and property buyers refuse to give in. Companies use large accumulated capital as backup while buyers wait and see, which directly leads to high housing price and small trading volume. At the same time, companiesface challenges in cash flow.Typical performance of the three companies:Analysis of China VankeChina Vanke performs well in tests of profitability. Most of the ratios have been rising since 2008 except for Quality of income. The rising trend of the ratios show that the company has a better ability of making profit, and investors can get a better return. However, we must pay attention to the Quality of income. Generally, a ratio of Quality of income high than 1 indicates high-quality earnings. Only in 2009 does China Vanke meet this standard. Thus, China Vanke may face threats in the future.Tests of Liquidity and Solvency show the threats faced by China Vanke. The Company pays its accounts payable less quckily since 2009, and Cash Coverage goes down in 2010. At the same time, the company has more Debt to pay. Therefore, China Vanke may have troubles in the capital circulation in the future.Analysis of Greentown ChinaIn tests of Profitablity, most ratios of Greentown China have also been rising. However, Return on Assets has a extrodinary high value in 2008. It is not due to a decrease in net income but results from a increase in total assets.The Quality of income have a great fluctuation(-6.7 for 2008, 3.3 for 2009, -3.5 for2010). So in 2008 and 2010, the company does not have a high quality of earnings. According to tests of Solvency, Greentown China has a negative cash coverage ratio(-15.7) in 2010 and its debts keep growing during the three years. So the Company may have a severe financial problem in the future.Analysis on China OverseasIn tests of profitability, China Overseas’s performance is similar to the other two company------rising in ROE, ROA, EPS and waving in Quality of income.In tests of liquidity, China Overseas has an outstanding high ratio of inventory turnover(over 6500 all the three years). The amzing speed that the company sells its inventory indicates that operating activities are well organized.Tests of solvency tell that the company has a large amount of cash and debt in the first 2 years. We can infer that the burgeoning company develops rapidly in 2008 and 2009. However in 2010, its development goes to a bottleneck.Conclusion:From the whole picture, we can see that the development of housing market in China can be modeled on the M curve. Both the policies and economic environment provide the industry with opportunities and threats. Housing market had been growing until the 2008 financial crisis made property companies enter a recession. But at the end of 2008, Chinese housing market began to recover strongly. At the mid of 2010, the government put macro-control policy into force, which also hinder the rapid development of housing market with a relatively smaller power than the financial crisis. In the long term, the housing market must return to the rational, which means that the windfall profit of the real estate is hard to achieve again.Based on the ratios, we can see that China oversea is the strongest and robustest company. For investors or creditors who do not want to take risks, China oversea is the best choice.Vanke, on the other side, has more potential, since the brand value would bring benefit in the long run. And it has an advantage over China oversea of reacting to the market quickly and freely.Greentown is scaling up quickly, but takes up more risk.In a word, for the future development of this industry, opportunistic practice should be discouraged. dealing with concrete matters relating to work may help the industry grow more steadily and healthily.。