(完整)20xx-2020年高考英语虚拟语气考点透视.doc

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析13虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。

高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。

考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。

考点一用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。

1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. （2018北京）A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。

2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.（2017北京）A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。

3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. （2016北京）A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B【解析】由last week可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。

4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________.（2016天津）A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用would have done。

虚拟语气详解虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。

虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。

虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~（1）be型虚拟（基本是套路）形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed.The manager suggested that we (should) work together.注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句)We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句)只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子：We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。

高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点知识点总复习含答案解析一、选择题1．Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. A．told B．had told C．would have told D．have told2．Due to the popularity of the restaurant, it is advisable that a table_______ for a get-together in advance.A．must be reserved B．is reservedC．be reserved D．will be reserved3．I strongly suggest that the information ____ in my report ____ to Mr Brown without delay. A．to be referred to; to be e-mailed B．referring to; e-mailC．referred to; be e-mailed D．being referred to; being e-mailed 4．—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be complerely ruined.—I wish they always late.A．weren’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been 5．I ______ to you at that time, but I di dn’t know where you lived.A．had written B．wroteC．would write D．would have written6．They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 7．—How impressive China’s 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!—Definitely. If only I ________ on the scene!A．was B．were C．have been D．had been8．He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.A．would come B．would have come C．came D．had come 9．—I’m sorry. I________to your birthday party if……—Forget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.A．had come B．would have come C．needn’t have come D．came10．In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it____dotted with shining diamonds. A．is B．were C．will be D．would be11．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it.A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolenC．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen12．Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight .A．could not have solved B．could not be solvedC．can not have been solved D．could not have been solved13．(2016 ·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.A．had not fallen B．would not fallC．did not fall D．would not have fallen14．Sam insisted that he______the law and______.A．didn't break;mustn't be punished B．doesn't break;shouldn't punishC．hadn't broken;be not punished D．hadn't broken;not be punished15．It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A．did I know B．have I knownC．do I know D．had I known16．If God __________everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils __________so many years before.A．had created; shouldn’t exist B．had created; couldn’t have existedC．sho uld create; wouldn’t exist D．created; wouldn’t have existed17．Dr. Hoffman insisted that the weight-loss pills _____ harmful and that they _____. A．were; should not take B．be; are not takenC．were; not be take n D．are; are not taken18．He’s working hard for fear that he _______.A．should fall behind B．fell behindC．may fall behind D．would fallen behind19．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________more places of interest yesterday.A．visited B．had visitedC．would visit D．would have visited20．If he____ to the teacher attentively, he____the answer to the problem now.A．had listened, would have known B．listened, would knowC．listened, would have known D．had listened, would know21．His suggestion to see the exhibition interested every one of us.A．that we go B．which we should goC．that we would go D．when we should go22．Experts recommended parents _____their children to play computer games for more than an hour a day.A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow 23．It is highly recommended that the general public________one-metre social distance to avoid any possible risk of getting infected.A．keep B．will keep C．must keep D．keeps24．The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A．desire; are sent B．desiring; were sentC．desire; be sent D．desiring; be sent25．If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A．were to B．will C．would D．is to【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。

高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结精华(名师总结必考语法知识点)第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。

第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

它能实现下列交际功能：a.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（这种假设或意愿在多数情况下是与事实相反或不太可能实现的。

b. 经常用来缓和语气，使之更加委婉、礼貌、得体，使句子带有推测性和尝试性。

c. 表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪。

d. 表示适度的责备或批评。

e. 表示美好的祝愿或祝福。

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I wi ll go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

第三节虚拟语气在条件句中NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．２．在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．（后面详细讲解）If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。

虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实，表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、表达一种愿望、建建议、假设。

议、假设。

一、条件状语从句中的用法一、条件状语从句中的用法从句 谓语形式谓语形式主句 谓语形式谓语形式现在现在were/ didwould/could/should (+not) + do 过去过去 had donewould/could/should/might (not)+ have done将来将来1. were/did2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might (not) + do简单记法：简单记法：if were/did, would doif had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do举例：举例：If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping.附注：附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end……另外，without, but for, otherwise 构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气 But for the populariza on of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (populariza on 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed.We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. （表示可能性小）（表示可能性小）但其实，高中英语考试也常考：但其实，高中英语考试也常考：错综虚拟语气条件句错综虚拟语气条件句 即：即：假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致，此时，主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。

超实用高考英语专题复习：高考专题之虚拟语气讲义（含高清详细思维导图）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附靠前30天复习方法。

一、知识结构二、知识点考点分析1.定义：英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。

虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。

此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

2.重点：注意主句和从句中动词形式的变化3.虚拟语气用法：（一）虚拟语气用于条件句①if条件句条件句可分为两类：一类是真实性条件句，该类条件句所表示的假设是可能会发生的，故不需用虚拟语气；另一类为非真实条件句，其表示的是与事实相反或者不大可能发生的情况，故需用虚拟语气。

注意：主句中的would可以用于各种人称，但是should只用于第一人称②省略if的条件句当虚拟语气条件从句中出现were/had/should时，从句中if可省略，并将were/had/should置于句首，形成部分倒装。

虚拟语气在英语表达中，说话人说话的口气即语气。

除了语调之外，最主要的是需要使用动词的不同形式来表现各种语气。

英语中一共有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

日常生活中大多数的句子都使用陈述语气，祈使句使用祈使语气。

本章主要着重讲解虚拟语气的用法，因为虚拟语气只在某几类句子中才使用，这种特殊性决定了虚拟语气在高中语法学习中的重要性。

典型例句：1.She is a pretty little girl.她是一个俊俏的小姑娘。

（陈述语气）2.Have a good holiday!（祝你）假日愉快！（祈使语气）3.If you love her,you wouldn’t say that.假如你爱她，你就不会说出那种话。

（虚拟语气）一、虚拟语气用于条件句1.非真实条件句虚拟语气可用于条件句中，条件句分为两种：一种是真实条件句，另一种是非真实条件句。

只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气，在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。

真实条件句：如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小，可以说几乎没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，也就是说，这时的条件句是非真实的条件句。

此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。

非真实条件句（以do和be为例）：If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.主语+did 主语+ +do重要：在非真实条件句中，如果谓语动词是be，一般要用were，特别是在较正式的文体中；在口语中，除了If I were you结构中的were不能改动外，在第一、三人称后，有时可用was。

在与将来事实相反的条件从句中，几种结构中所表示的可能实现的程度有区别：were to do可能性最小；should+do可能性稍大一些。

如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to较少。

2.错综时间条件句有时在非真实条件句中，主句中谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生的，这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行，而需要按照各自的时间来进行调整，这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。

高考英语虚拟语气考点透视与练习虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。

考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。

所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。

今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。

常考点清单虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主语+should/would/ could/might+动词原形if i had time, i would attend the meeting. if i were you, i should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设 if+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/ could/might+have+ 过去分词if you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.与将来事实相反的假设 (1) if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）(2)if+主语+were to+动词原形 (3)if+主语+should+动词原形主语+should/would/ could/might+动词原形if you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. if it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. if he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next monday.考点一、条件句中虚拟语气的用法注意:①从句省略 if, 用倒装句式"were, had, should+主语”were i in school again, i would work harder. had youbeen here earlier, you would have seen him. should there be a meeting tomorrow, i would come. ②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。

虚拟语气用法透视已经发表在《江苏.新高考》许爱平虚拟语气的基本特点是说话人所说的是“非真实的”、“不确实的”。

主要用来表示：1.与事实相反的假设；2.不能实现或实现的可能性极小的主观愿望；3.非事实的建议或猜测。

虚拟语气常用在：1.含虚拟条件句的复合句中；2.名词性从句中；3.一些固定的句型中学习虚拟语气要注意以下方面：一.理解虚拟语气的实质，分清虚拟句和真实句。

例1.---We could have walked to the station; it was so near.---Y es. A taxi ______ at all necessary. (NMET92)A. wasn’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. won’t be第一句前部分为虚拟语气句，后部分是陈述句；第二句是表事实的陈述语气句子，根据上文考虑时间，应是对过去的陈述，故答案为A。

此题把虚拟现象和客观事实错综交织在一起。

例2.We would go to the park, but we ______busy with our lessons.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. had前面部分是虚拟语气的主句，省略了条件状语从句if we had time, but后面部分是真实句，由前面虚拟语气动词would go结构可推断出后文是对现在事实的陈述，用一般现在时，答案为C。

二.熟记含虚拟条件从句的复合句中不同时间的动词形式，见下表1：虚拟语气的谓语动词有它自己的表现形式，而且规范, 解题时，可应用此表，根据上下文所提供的信息，“对号入座”。

例3.---Lucy lost her way in the street.--- If she _______a map with her, that wouldn’t have happened.A. tookB. had takenC. would takeD. have taken从上文的陈述句中可知下文是表示与过去事实相反的假设。