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现在分词和过去分词作状语现在分词Ving表示主动关系，正在进行的动作过去分词Ved表示被动关系，已经完成的动作逻辑概念He went out, shutting the door behind him.Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in （穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.时间概念Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. Having finished his h omework, he went home.Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.现在分词（v-ing）做状语，表示动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生(表示伴随)，或在主句中的谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生。
现在分词(v-ing) 做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词共用一个主语（1）Knowing that they were going to the factory next week, the students began to make preparations（2）He came up to me, saying, “Glad to see you again”（3）Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.（4）Lying in her bed, she felt so comfortable（5）He died, leaving a lot of money to his wife.过去分词（非谓语动词）做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词动共用一个主语简单句（1）The city was destroyed(破坏) during the war.（2）It has now been rebuilt.复合句Destroyed during the war, the city has now been rebuilt.同义句转化The car was damaged(损坏) in an accident. It has now been repaired.He was born nearly a hundred years ago. He remembers a world without aeroplanes.The boxer was knocked out in his first match. He has never been the same since.He was bitten twice by our dog. He was afraid to come to our house again.I found the front door locked. I went to the back.I saw the front door open. I went in.My father needed some exercise. He walked to she shops.Jenny tidied her desk drawers. She found some money in an envelope.一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1. He continued to walk up and down，_____ (lost) in thought．2.When ____ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．3. Once __ (recover) he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.4. ____(see) his mother，the baby burst into laughter．5. ____with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. CompareB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When compared6. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not fo und in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedHaving been separated D. To be separated7. __a____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed8.All night long he lay awake, ___b____ how to drive the American invaders back home. A. to thi nk B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 9.__a____good , the food was sold out soon.A. TastingB. TastedC. Being tastedD. Having been tasted 10.___a___the big snake, th e little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening一、二、注意点1、否定形式（前面加not）Not given a chance, he felt disappointed.Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for help.2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等；及物动词常用过去分词。
常用动词的过去式、过去分词不规则变化的规律一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
（共9个）cost[kɔst]—cost—cost---costing['kɔstɪŋ]---costs[kɔsts]n.价格, 成本, 费用；代价, 损失vi.价钱为; 花费vt.付出(代价), 失去；估价cut[kʌt]—cut—cut---cutting['kʌtɪŋ]---cutsvt. & vi.切, 剪, 割, 削hit[hit]—hit—hit---hitting---hitsvt. & vi.打, 打击；碰撞n.一击, 击中；成功而风行一时的事物hurt[hə:t]—hurt—hurt---hurting---hurtsvt.使受伤; 伤害vi.疼痛vt. & vi.对…有害; 对…有不良影响n.肉体上的伤害[痛苦]；精神上的痛苦[创伤]let[let]—let—let ---lettingvt.让, 使；放掉, 松掉rent——rend——rendvt.1.租用,租入[(+from)]2.租出[(+to/out)]put[put]—put—put---puttingvt.放; 置；使处于(某种状态)；read[ri:d]—read—read ---readingvt. & vi.读; 看懂, 理解set[set]—set—set---setting---setsvt.放, 搁置vi.(日、月等)落, 下沉；n.(一)套, (一)副；收音机; 电视机shut[ʃʌt]—shut—shut ---shutting---shutsvt. & vi.关, 关上二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。
（共41个）1 过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
（3个）bring[briŋ]—brought[brɔ:t]—brought ---bringing---brings及物动词vt.1.带来, 拿来, 带…到某处, 取来buy[bai]— bought[bɔ:t]—bought ---buyingvt. & vi.购买, 购得；做出牺牲以获得n.交易, 买卖；便宜货think[θiŋk]—thought[θɔ:t]— thought ---thingingvt. & vi.想, 思索；以为; 认为vt.料想; 想像; 预料到2 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。
