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【外文文献】1The thin coal bed synthesis picks the equipmentthe development and the craft parameter optimizationMainly discussed the thin coal bed synthesis which Zaozhuang Mining industry Group Company independently developed to pick the equipment in Tian the Chen Kuang success application, and to its supplementary equipment technological transformations and the technical characteristic, the working surface geological condition, the synthesis picked the equipment the craft parameter optimization and the working surface working procedure reasonable match safeguard technology measure has carried on the thorough analysis and the introduction.Because the thin coal bed its mining space is narrow, the efficiency is low, the working surface condition is bad, machinery equipment not necessary or mining coal craft imperfect and so on technical questions, difficulty with realizes the mine pit highly effective and the safety in production.Zaozhuang Mining industry Group Company profits from the experience which my guozhong thick above coal bed synthesis picks, picked the supplementary equipment in the thin coal bed synthesis the development and the craft parameter optimization aspect has carried on the beneficial exploration.In October, 2003, ore 531 working surfaces equipped in its Tian the Chen has independently developed and the improvement three machines supplementary equipment, has obtained the tangible effect, realization maximum daily production 3504t, the average month produced 89636t, created the roller thin coal bed synthesis to pick the unit to yearly produce 1,000,000 ton new levels.Equips this working surfaceequipment fund investment is 1088.10 Yuan, the equipment does not invest into the equipment coal plow surface 1/10.First, the synthesis picks the three machines necessary and the technical characteristic(1) hydraulic pressure supportAccording to the thin coal bed mining characteristic, uses the computer to carry on the movement analysis optimization and the intensity design to the support four link motion gears, satisfies the working condition, optimized the support structure:(1) support for the support shield type, has used the overall top-beam, two column supports has satisfied the big expansion and contraction request;(2) main structural element with the Q550 high strength structure steel plate manufacture, reduced the support weight.Front uses welds preheating, after welds the artificial aging welding craft, the guarantee structural element welding quality;(3) selects the great current capacity hydraulic pressure part, enhances the support the speed of response;(4) reasonable arrangement hydraulic circuit system, has enlarged the human, machine the space.Its development ZY2400/08/19 hydraulic pressure support technical characteristic is as follows: Two column support shield type, support 0.8~1.9m, support width 1.43~1.6m, center distance 1.5m, working resistance 2400kN, supports and protections intensity 0.41~0.46MPa, the adaptation inclination angle is not bigger than highly 35°, opera ting mode for neighbour control, support weight 6500kg.(2) coal mining machineUnifies thin coal bed mining the technical characteristic, has carried on the transformation to the coal mining machine following several aspects:(1) improvement design pump box, the solution gives off heat the question, satisfies the synthesis to pick the operation percentage high operating mode need;(2) designs a group of tapering spindle rocking shaft specially, causes the drum circle diameter to reduce, increases the leaf blade altitude correspondingly, does an inside job the quantity request satisfiedly;(3) optimized drum design, increases the leaf blade spiral angle of climbing reasonably, the improvement coaling effect;(4) decreases the fuselage suitably highly (824mm), coal mining machine each big joint place has made the corresponding improvement.After the transformation coal mining machine MG200-BW2 technical characteristic is as follows: Picks high scope 1.0~2.0m, the adaptation inclination angle is not big ger than 35°, the adaptation coefficient of hardness f≤3.5, drum diameter 800/1000mm, machine surface altitude 824mm, does an inside job measures 91mm, the hauling way for the non-chain hauling, biggest force of traction 250kN, hauling speed 0~6.14m/min, installing equipment power 200kW, voltage rank 660/1140V, machine gross weight 15t, machine total length 7858mm.(3) scraper conveyerMainly has carried on the transformation to the scraper conveyer in following several aspects:(1) has used in the thin coal bed scraper conveyer the double strand transmission structure, loses the coal condition to be able to improve;(2) home for the first time used middle the 22E trough section on the thin coal bed scraper conveyer, the complete machine rigidity, the intensity had enhances greatly;(3) reduces the nose, the airplane tail trough highly (is excessively 430mm), improved the coal mining machine to the nose, the airplane tail coal wall cutting condition;(4) strengthened the shovel board, the cable tank frame, the hauling platoon has sold and so on place the joint structure.After the transformation scraper conveyer SGZ-630/220 technical characteristic is as follows: Completed length 170m, the transportation measures 450t/h, the installing equipment power 2×110kW, scraper chain fast 1.07m/s, tight chain way for brake disc tight chain.Second, working surface geological conditionThe development synthesis picks the equipment ore 531 working surfaces to apply for the first time in Tian the Chen, the working surface moves towards the long wall type arrangement, moves towards the length is 950m, the inclined length is 156m, coal bed thickness 0.4~3.0m, average 1.25m, coefficient of hardness f =2, the coal bed inclination angle 10°~15°, average 13°, reserves 283,400 t.Coal dust explosion index 31. 9%, is the strong explosive coal bed.The working surface has the mudstone false roof partially, thick 0~1.8m, soft easy to brave, its upside divides into the iron grey thin silicarenite, about its lower part lamination thick 1.5m for goes against directly, above for average thickness 33.5m, hard, the crevasse growth always goes against.The ledger wall partially has 0.1~0.4m charcoal mudstone, the direct bottom is the pessimistic siltstone, thick 2.6m, the ins and outs are the pessimistic novaculite, hard, the bedding is clear, thickness 16m.North 531 working surfaces are located five pick lower part the area, the track descends a mountain the left wing, ground table +45m, mine shaftelevation - 722m~-768m, the geological condition is complex, tunneling period exposition fault 8, above in which 1.0m fault 4, the F6 reversed fault dropping variance is 4.0m, also has strip width 20m, extends the 220m wash zone along the trend to pass through the entire working surface.Third, working surface craft parameter optimizationThe working surface reasonable craft parameter determination, is the synthesis picks the supplementary equipment to realize the working surface high production foundation.(1) section of deep choiceThe overall evaluation coal mining machine power, the anthrax coefficient of hardness, coal bed thickness and pick high, the roof jointing growth situation, the support press forcing crisp coal factor definite truncation depth and so on wall depth, support supports and protections way.Through analyzes the working surface geological condition and the equipment necessary situation earnestly, the definite truncation depth is 0.6m.When roof jointing growth, cave-in of sides of a mine tunnel serious, each knife tries to break up a fight when carries on supports and protects in advance, enhances the circulation per unit area yield.(2) coal mining machine hauling speed V determination (formula omitted)(3) supports and protections with moves a wayUses a neighbour operation, prompt supports and protections.In the mining coal machine cut from now on, first will move the support to support the roof, then will again move the conveyer.The union coal bed thickness grasping lengthening bar expands and contracts the scope, in order to and supports and protects the roof highly by the reasonable frame position.When roof situation permission, moves in turn and separates the frame to move to unify, guaranteed moves a speed to satisfy the coal miningmachine coal cutting speed, realizes continuously the fast coal cutting need.(4) coal mining machine feed wayUses the MG200-BW2 coal mining machine to fall the coal, unidirectional mining coal, middle bevelling feed.The first drum shears goes against the coal, the latter drum shears the bottom coal, from notching.Fourth, working surface working procedure match safeguard measure The thin coal bed synthesis picks the working surface reasonable craft parameter the effective safeguard, mainly includes the working surface each transportation link the intercoordination and the over-load protection, the long distance communication direction, the working surface “three straight one even” and the geologic structure control measure, coal mine has used the home most advanced TK-200 communication control system for this Tian the Chen, strengthened the working surface production management, had guaranteed the working surface various working procedures best match, reduced the working surface failure rate large scale, enables the working surface operation percentage to achieve above 90%.(1) TK-200 communication control system application(1) system compositionThe TK-200 communication control system by the TK110 working surface controller, the TK120 power source, the TJ100 mineral product electric current detector set, the TK130 micro telephone, the TK130C multi-purpose telephones, the TK150 intelligent terminal, the TK150E intelligence coupler and the TK130-X five core belt shield mineral product pulling force electric cable is composed.(2) system application effectThe TK-200 communication control system application, fully displays its communication control integration function, reduced the working surface equipment breakdown large scale, maximum limit has realized during various working procedures coordinated operation, raised a working surface man-hour of use factor enormously, had guaranteed powerfully the thin coal bed working surface high production is highly effective.Its application effect mainly manifests in:First, because the TK-200 communication control system has arranged 12 TK130 system telephone in the working surface, is equipped with the control bench on the electric train, between working surface all telephones and the control bench may converse on the telephone willfully, the control bench may realize the working surface all equipment common control, reduced the mechanical and electrical failure rate large scale.Second, because the working surface micro telephone can realize the working surface on all fronts to amplify along the route, therefore enormous place then personal servant party chief, the Leader Ban production control, changed the former personnel back and forth to move the direction, rocks the sending a letter number, the frontline propaganda relation way, strengthened between the working surface each production working procedure coordination and the unification, causes between various working procedures the close coordination, displays in fully the unit time the regular cycle operation validity, enhanced the working efficiency greatly.Third, because has used the common control and the working surface along the route block system, enables the working surface along the route operator only the engine off, cannot starting.If must starting, informs the control bench starting, the control bench when, must carry on the language to report to the police, and is equipped with the delay feature, avoided formerly being blind opens the vehicle to damage theelectromechanical device or to create the security accident the phenomenon.If the working surface has the breakdown along the route, the operator may the rapid block system engine off, and informs all operating personnel, like this eliminates the accident in the embryonic stage, thus has guaranteed the safety in production.Fourth, TK-200 communication control system itself has provided the TJ100 electric current examination alarm device, can as necessary uninterrupted carry on the examination to the working surface electric current, once examines the operating current to surpass the setting value, then carries on reports to the police, then the operator may adjust the coal cutting speed and the reduced mining coal quantity promptly, avoided because of the pressure which overloaded creates reduction gear the accident phenomenon and so on sliding, burning the electrical machinery, damages occurrences, not only like this has facilitated the production, enhanced the efficiency, moreover reduced the material and the fitting consumption greatly.Fifth, Tian the Chen ore 531 working surface transportation lane arranges 3 belt conveyers and the slanting lane 1 scraper conveyer, transports the link to restrict the working surface operation percentage directly.After uses this system, through carefully calculates the most appropriate slanting lane scraper conveyer and the belt conveyer load, carried on to the working surface scraper conveyer operating current has reported to the police the hypothesis, thus reduced the slanting lane scraper conveyer and the belt conveyer overload and the time of idle running, not only saved the electrical energy, moreover enhanced the working surface operation percentage.(2) working surface geological condition compatibility control measureGuarantees the working surface “straight three one even” is realizes the thin coal bed synthesis to pick the working surface regular production the effective method, when especially geologic structures and so on working surface fault or fold, the working surface equipment adapts the geological condition with difficulty, must strengthen the working surface production management, takes the effective control measure, reduces the equipment failure rate, enhances the working surface operation percentage.(1) guarantees the working surface “straight three one even” measure.The working surface implements the back guy management; The working surface hand illumination lamps and lanterns make the frame of reference; Pushes when slides, guarantees goes against slides the hoisting jack the traveling schedule to meet the standard requirements; If the working surface appears partially time not the straight phenomenon, should move promptly or moves slides; Raises the staff operational level, the enhancement sense of responsibility.(2) working surface fault measure.Adjusts between the working surface and the fault the included angle; The coal mining machine coal cutting will be prompt from now on moves the frame, will manage the good roof; The working surface support carries on supports and protects in advance; Controls the working surface cycle to press; If the nose appears partial braves to go against time, must select promptly goes against protects goes against; The belt pressure scratches goes against moves the frame; The coal wall hits supposes the wooden anchor rod, guards against the cave-in of sides of a mine tunnel; When necessity, hangs the I-steel on the support to be throat Liang; The attention hangs Liang, prevented the support drills the bottom.(3) working surface fold measure.The adjustment fold axial both sides slope, the government leader when is big to the both sides slope, suitably leaves a stub the coal, when the axial both sides slope is small, should the suitable broken bottom, guarantee the axial both sides slope to be gentle; Adjusts the support as necessary, prevented the support is crooked; Enhancement fold section working surface roof management.(4) prevented the scraper conveyer leaps up moves the measure.The coal mining machine driver, moves a labor, pushes sneaks off one's job should coordinat e, to guarantee the working surface “straight closely three one even”; Controls the working surface top and bottom two lanes to push the progress; When the working surface support appears the incline, must square promptly; The working surface discovered when the scraper conveyer has the glide tendency, should fling the knife promptly or catch up with slides; Using the support side guard shield, adjusts the scraper conveyer, above the impediment leaps up glides down; The embedment sells or installs the hoisting jack, prevented the scraper conveyer leaps up moves; Selects the reasonable feed method, prevented on the scraper conveyer flees glides down.Fifth, conclusion(1) this set independently develops and the improvement synthesis picks the equipment the success application, has laid the solid foundation for the thin coal bed synthesis mechanization mining realization high and stable yield. Also equips this equipment fund aspect to invest is 1,088,000,000 Yuan, the equipment does not invest into the equipment coal plow working surface 1/10.(2) optimizes picks the craft parameter, strengthens the scene management, realization maximum daily production 3504t, the average month produces 89636t, created the roller thin coal bed synthesis to pick the unit to yearly produce 1,000,000 ton new levels.(3) applied the thin coal to pick the synthesis to pick the working surface working procedure reasonable match the safeguard technology measure, has realized the working surface equipment common control, strengthened the production management, the breakdown diagnosis and the accident platoon looks up.Had guaranteed the working surface various working procedures best match, enhanced the working surface operation percentage.【中文翻译】1薄煤层综采设备的研制及工艺参数优化主要探讨了枣庄矿业集团公司自行研制的薄煤层综采设备在田陈矿的成功应用，并对其配套设备的技术改造及技术特征、工作面地质条件、综采设备的工艺参数优化及工作面工序合理匹配的保障技术措施进行了深入分析与介绍。
复杂结构薄煤层无炮综采工艺的研究与应用[摘要]：随着国家煤矿资源的不断开采，很多煤矿厚及中厚煤层的储量日趋减少，复杂结构煤层和薄煤层开采将成为矿井的主采煤层，本文重点对复杂结构薄煤层综合机械化采煤成套设备技术进行研究试验，较好地解决了复杂结构煤层开采过程中带来的各类问题。
[关键词]：复杂结构薄煤层无炮综采中图分类号：o231.5 文献标识码：o 文章编号：1009-914x （2012）12- 0008–01山东能源新矿集团协庄煤矿于1958年建井，1962年1月投产，是我国自行设计、施工的一座大型矿井，是当时山东省内第一大矿，被誉为“鲁煤第一峰”。
原设计能力120万吨，1989年改扩建后达到180万吨。
为开采近50年的老矿井，井田内可采煤层共6层，分为前组煤和后组煤，前组煤为二层、四层和六层煤，后组煤为十一层、十三层和十五层煤。
随着矿井的不断开采，前组煤逐渐减少，后组煤开采逐渐显示其重要性。
协庄煤矿后组煤煤层中分别含有0.3—0.5米的夹矸，并且夹矸硬度很高，不易破碎，因此，含夹矸给开采工作带来了极为不利的影响，特别是在机械化采煤条件下，往往使采煤机不能正常进刀，影响工作面的推进速度，导致工作面围岩应力的变化，对顶板的管理也不利。
而含厚硬夹矸的较薄煤层是工作面正常开采面临的一个难题，夹矸厚且硬，采煤机无法对矸石进行截割，而采用炮采的方法进行回采，效率低，成本高，不利于提高煤炭的回收率。
为了提高这种含厚硬夹矸煤层的开采效率，协庄煤矿进行了多次探索。
目前，新矿集团普遍对这种含厚硬夹矸煤层的开采采用机割与松动爆破相结合的处理方案。
该方法的主要工艺流程就是工作面开切眼后，先进行打眼放炮，将厚硬夹矸进行松动爆破，然后使用采煤机组进行割煤、装煤和运煤。
通过使用“松动爆破+综采”的采煤工艺，在一定程度上提高了采煤效率，但效率仍然很低。
该方法最大机割厚度为300mm，松动爆破需要严格控制钻孔的方向、层位及装药量，这些工序要求严格，现场操作不易掌握，而且打眼、装药占用了大量的时间，严重影响了采煤效率的提高。
作者： 姚永 周伟
作者机构： 枣矿集团滨湖煤矿,山东滕州277500
出版物刊名： 科技资讯
页码： 101-101页
主题词： 不规则工作面 合茬 对接工艺 研究
摘要：本文研究了在地质构造复杂的煤层中，布置不规则工作面的开采工艺，如断层只影响半个工作面，为提高资源回收率，减少资源浪费，工作面可布里成不等长的内外切眼，通过内外切眼设备安装测量、位置精确计算、定位，巷道顶板画线。
控制运输机上窜，下滑，使内外切眼达到精确对接，减少了资源浪费，大大提高了资源回收率，在同类矿井具有推广价值。
薄煤层综采工作面高产高效开采方法探究薄煤层是近几年煤炭开采面临的主要问题之一，如何高效、安全、经济地开采薄煤层也成为了煤炭行业的重点研究内容。
本文通过对薄煤层综采工作面高产高效开采方法的探究，旨在提高薄煤层开采效率，减少对环境的影响，保证煤炭行业的可持续发展。
一、薄煤层概述薄煤层是指煤层厚度在0.8m以下的煤层，一般认为厚度在1.5m以下的煤层均为薄煤层。
薄煤层的开采难度较大，因为采煤机容易产生冲积，需要专门的采掘设备和技术来保证安全、高效地开采。
同时，薄煤层的开采对煤炭行业的可持续发展有着重要作用，因此需要研究出高产高效的开采方法。
1、<strong>优化采煤机参数</strong>采煤机是薄煤层开采的主要设备，因此优化采煤机参数是提高开采效率的关键。
常用的优化方法有：调整刀盘转速，增加采头负载，降低对煤岩的摩擦力等。
调整刀盘转速可以降低采煤机的能耗，增加采头负载可以提高采煤效率，降低对煤岩的摩擦力可以减轻采煤机的负载，降低磨损。
阻挡突出是薄煤层开采中常见的问题，因此采用高强度的阻突锚杆可以保证开采的安全性。
优秀的阻突锚杆具有防突石、防冲击、防断等多重功能。
并且锚杆的质量也会对工作面的生产率产生一定的影响。
在薄煤层开采中，化学药剂可以作为辅助工具来提高开采效率。
例如，使用含有缩微胶体的药剂可以使煤层的渗透性增加，促进煤料的颗粒化；使用含有表面活性剂的药剂可以防止煤粉堆积、冲积和粘附，提高采煤效率。
传统的采煤机要由煤矿工人驾驭，但在薄煤层开采中，由于工作面空间较小，人工驾驶采煤机容易出现翻车等安全问题。
因此，采用人工驾驶或遥控技术可以提高工作面的安全性和生产效率。
采煤机与输送机联动可以有效提高开采效率。
采煤机实现断层喷水降尘，同时将采出的煤炭直接输送到下一个工作地点，大大减小了煤炭运输成本，提高了生产效率。
三、结论通过对薄煤层综采工作面高产高效开采方法的探究，本文总结出优化采煤机参数、采用高强度的阻突锚杆、采用化学药剂、采用人工驾驶或遥控技术、采煤机与输送机联动等五种高效开采方法。
极薄煤层机采文献综述1.极薄煤层机械化开采设备研究现状1.1极薄煤层滚筒采煤机研究现状目前我国使用的极薄煤层采煤机基本上是在MG系列薄煤层采煤机基础上研制成的，大都以液压牵引方式为主。
近几年来，随着电子技术的发展，极薄煤层采煤机已由液压牵引向电牵引方向发展。
相对于电牵引来说，液压牵引虽然牵引特性较“软”，但液压牵引采煤机对液压油的清洁度要求很高、牵引力相对较小，且一旦采煤机有故障维修起来非常不方便；而电牵引采煤机的牵引力大、液压系统简单可靠，维修方便；相对机载（变频器和变压器直接安装在机身上）来讲，非机载布置虽然一定程度上减小了整机的长度、降低了电控箱的高度等，但毕竟多了一根牵引电缆，会造成牵引电压部分损失下降、控制信号受到干扰等（特别对于极薄煤层采煤机影响更大），同时，对于变频器的“复位”等操作都比较不方便；而机载的布置方式整个采煤机只拖曳一根主电缆、采煤机的结构相对紧凑、对变频器的操作管理方便可靠。
随着各大矿务局开采极薄煤层及煤炭市场发展的需求，2005年起，极薄煤层采煤机的研发和生产得到较快发展，截止2007年，国内有关厂家开发的极薄煤层采煤机型号和主要技术参数见表1所示[1]。
表1 国内几种极薄煤层采煤机基本情况型号装机总功率/KW机面高度/mm采高范围/m 牵引方式生产厂家MG100 /238-WD 238 580 0.8～1.4 非机载无链电牵引天地科技上海分公司MG85 /210-WB 210 640 0.7～1.4 无链液压牵引鸡西煤矿机械厂MG2X40 /102-TWD 102 550 0.65～1.17 非机载无链电牵引鸡西煤矿机械厂MG80 /120-TBW 120 550 0.65～1.23 无链液压牵引上海创力矿山设备厂MG80 /188-BWD 188 560 0.7～1.5 非机载无链电牵引辽源煤矿机械厂MG100 /240-BW 240 640 0.8～1.3 无链液压牵引辽源煤矿机械厂这些极薄煤层采煤机的主要特点是：整体结构比较紧凑、机身长度较短，截割电动机多半采用横向布置在摇臂上，摇臂减速箱中大都不采用行星机构，滚筒直径较小，机身重量较轻。
3401 急倾斜薄煤层的工作面概况1.1 煤层情况某地煤矿9#煤层划分为9-1# 、9-2#两个煤层，煤层的总厚度范围大约为0.56米-2.35米，而真正可以利用的厚度仅为0.69米左。
9-1#煤层厚度通常小于1.20米，平均厚度仅为0.57米，夹矸层数为0-3层，多数只有1层，夹矸的总厚度低于0.70米，平均为0.16米，属于泥岩岩性，煤层可真正利用厚度小于0.41米。
至于9-2#煤层，其总厚度为约为0.09米-1.02米，厚度平均为0.35米，可真正利用厚度0.28米，夹矸层数范围为0-3，通常也只有1层，夹矸的总厚度在0.61米以下，平均厚度仅为0.07米，煤层的硬度系数为1~2，倾角度数为60°，也是属于泥岩岩性。
1.2 煤层顶、底板情况工作面煤层顶底板情况如表1所示。
表1 煤层顶、底板情况顶、底名称岩石名称厚度/米岩性特征老顶粗砂岩 6.0灰白色，块状直接顶粉砂岩3.3浅灰色，中厚层状伪顶粉砂质泥岩夹煤线0.37灰黑色，薄层状（局部）直接底粉砂岩、细砂岩、煤线3.88浅灰色、中厚层状老底中粒砂岩、粗砂岩17.63浅灰色，中厚层状、灰白色，块状2 急倾斜薄煤层综采工艺主要的关键技术2.1 急倾斜薄煤层工作面的防滑技术2.1.1 关于基本架防滑技术2.1.2 底座上的底调梁防滑装置通常来说，底调梁的位置，选择在支架底座下侧的中间偏后一点的位置，常见为长方形结构。
支架与底调梁之间使用2根千斤顶实现铰接。
其中，千斤顶的作用还在于可同时实现伸出并进行平行移动，单独使用也可发挥调架作用。
支架的底座上侧安装的就是滑轨，一般来说，为防止底调梁发生下滑问题，底调梁必须稳定地蹬坐在下一个支架滑轨上，如此支架方可实现较好的稳定结构。
需要特别注意一点，我们在移动支架时也必须确保下一支架滑轨中的底调梁也同步移动，这样一来能够让它和千斤顶、顶梁侧护板三者一同构成立体化防滑体系情况下，有效避免了支架在移动过程出现倾倒、下滑的问题。
薄煤层综采工作面实现高产高效探讨摘要本文就综采工艺技术在薄煤层中如何实现高产高效，通过实践探索在工作面设计、两巷支护、设备选型，回采工艺与劳动组织、队伍建设及现场管理方面提出了建设性建议。
关键词薄煤层；工作面；综采技术；高产高效综合机械化采煤技术作为当今众多现代化煤炭企业的主要生产方式，具有生产能力强、效率高、机械化程度高、经济效益良好、安全系数稳定等显著优势，越来越受到煤炭企业的青眯和推崇。
特别在中厚煤层的开采应用，取得了令人瞩目的成果。
但很多企业都面临一个客观难题，那就是在1m~2m的薄煤层的技术应用，不是很顺利，使用该技术的经济效益不佳。
据了解，因为受“一大三低”，即“劳动强度大、机械化程度低、安全系数低、工作效率低”的影响，薄煤层采煤被称为“骨头缝儿里剔肉”。
从我国现有煤层赋存情况来看，尽管薄煤层在总储量中占两成多，但每年从薄煤层中采出的煤量仅占全国总储量的10.4%，产量与储量的比例严重失调。
此外，煤层生产能力低，单产水平低，巷道消耗率高、接替紧张。
正是由于薄煤层采煤开采难度大，以往设备难以进行有效开采，部分条件极为复杂的薄煤层只能弃而不采，资源损失严重。
提高薄煤层的生产效率，已成为我国能源工业的重要任务。
为此，提高综采技术在薄煤层的综合经济效益成为了急需解决的难题。
现根据本人多年的工作实践，浅谈一点薄煤层综采工作面的技术层面的体会和看法，与大家共勉。
1 综采设备的选型与使用综采设备选型是否正确直接关系着能否发挥综采技术的优势。
因此设备选型时必须根据工作面地质条件、运输能力等因素选择。
煤矿企业必须选择适合薄煤层开采的液压支架、采煤机、运输机等“三机”配套设备，设备须满足大功率、重型化、小体积和高可靠性的要求，实现工作面的自动化操作和控制。
1.1 顶板支架的选型首先，要根据工作面顶板类别进行支架类型选择，一般中等及中等以下顶板应选择掩护式，负责选择支撑式。
其次，要根据井下的采掘高度确定支架的高度范围，应以支架最大高度大于最大采高0.1m以上为宜，支架最小固定小于最小采高0.3m以上为宜。
坚硬薄煤层智能化开采成套关键技术及装备研究摘要：当下我国煤炭储存量还是相对比较巨大的，但是能够表现出优质的煤炭结构相对较少，其中薄层结构的煤炭还是存在着比较大比例。
据不完全的统计分析得出我国的薄煤层结构的煤炭含量，已经占到整个煤炭储存量的20%。
同时在具体的开展过程当中，由于受到狭小空间的限制，导致整个的工作面不能够有效的开展，在具体的操作人员在移动方面产生了一定的困难性，只能够进行功率较小的设备进行应用，完全达不到高效的生产目的，这样将会对整个的煤炭开采业的发展产生了严重的制约。
关键词：坚硬薄煤层智能化开采；成套关键技术；装备研究引言薄煤层开采工作要体现出良好的绿色节能性、安全稳定性、整体工作的高效性一直是整个开采界十分困难性的问题。
薄煤层在聚焦开采过程当中，往往要受到整体空间狭小的限制，导致在具体施工过程当中人员只能够进行爬行工作，应用的开采设备表现不出良好的高效能力，自动化的应用水平展现过低，不能够满足高效的发展需求标准。
当下对于中硬度较高的煤层已经实现了机械化的开采应用，但是对于坚硬的薄煤层的开采技术难度在不断的增加，主要是因为在具体的开采过程当中，往往要受到外在环境的条件限制，很难做到高效稳定的开采。
所以一定要对其应用技术进行不断的研发，以此能够实现不断的改进应用，所以本文对关键性技术和装备进行充分的研究分析。
一、薄煤层采煤机的关键性技术分析采煤机的具体结构形式由正常布置形式和爬底板的悬挂布置形式两种。
在具体的应用过程当中，一定要对其结构的形式所表现出的优缺点进行充分的考虑，然后能够做出更为科学合理的有效选择。
以下主要对滚筒式割载采煤机的具体参数特点进行一定的分析[1]。
（一）此种设备的运行功率能够达到450千瓦，对于配套的装机总功率能够实现1000千瓦每小时，同刮板机进行配套结合之后，能够保证整体的机身高度不会超过70公分，整体的过煤高度大致维持在27公分左右。
（二）采用滚筒式的安装结构，挡煤板的结构更加科学合理，同时还能进行一定的优化设计，以此能够实现最佳的装煤效果。
薄煤层综采设备的优化配置及工艺研究
姚永，贺伟，马超
（枣矿集团滨湖煤矿，山东滕州277515）
摘要在薄煤层开采工作面生产系统，不但要求单机设备要先进可靠，而且要求各设备之间的配套合理，特别要适合薄煤层工作面的复杂条件。
关键词薄煤层设备选型采煤机参数应用
中图分类号TD823．25+1文献标识码B
1工作面地质条件及基本参数
滨湖煤矿主采可采煤层有太原组12
下
、16煤层。
薄煤层综采机组布置在16煤的1611工作面。
工作面范围内煤层结构中等，厚度一般在1．25 1．6/1．30m，煤层较薄，煤层结构复杂，局部含一层0．03m的黄铁矿。
直接顶为十下灰岩，深灰色，中部垂直裂隙发育，方解石充填、坚硬，硬度系数8．3，顶板不平整，局部凹凸明显，且局部有压顶现象，平均厚度4．4m；直接底为泥岩灰色，松软，易碎，泥质胶结，水平层理，硬度系数1．74，平均厚度4．4m；老底为灰色粉细砂岩，坚硬，不易破碎，硬度系数5 7，平均厚度20m。
地层倾角较为平缓，倾角3 6ʎ，平均4ʎ。
工作面倾斜长度75 m，平均厚度1．30m，储量60490t。
煤尘爆炸指数43．21%，属强爆炸性煤层。
2工作面设备的选型
2．1液压支架
型号：ZY2400—10/20两柱掩护式；支撑高度：1．0 1．9m；支架宽度：1．43 1．6m；中心距1．5m；工作阻力：2400kN；支架强度：0．47 0．46MPa；适应倾角：≤35ʎ；对底板平均比压：1．05MPa；最小外形尺寸：4200ˑ1430ˑ900mm；推溜力/拉架力120/264kN；支架重量：7．4t。
2．2刮板输送机
型号：SGB730/400；出厂长度：150m；输送量：800t/ h；装机功率：2ˑ200kW；刮板链速：1．16m/s；紧链方式：闸盘紧链式；牵引方式：齿轮—销轨式；中部槽尺寸：1500ˑ730ˑ270mm，铸焊结构。
2．3电牵引采煤机
型号：MG200/456QWD；理论生产率：603t/h（V= 6m/min）；采高范围：1．1 2．4m；适应倾角：≤35ʎ；适应硬度：f≤3．5；滚筒转速：44．4r/min；滚筒直径1350mm；机面高度：853mm；过煤高度：253mm；卧底量：
*收稿日期：2011－07－04
作者简介：姚永（1977－），男，2003年毕业于河北建筑科技学院采矿专业；现任滨湖煤矿综采工区区长；助理工程师。
375mm；调速方式：非机载四象限交流变频调速；牵引方式：齿轮销轨式；截深：630mm；最大牵引力：440kN；牵引速度：0 6．0/12．0m/min；装机功率：455．5kW；截割电机型号及功率：YBC－100ˑ4kW，电压1140kW；牵引电机型号及功率：YBS－25ˑ2KW，电压380kW；调高电机型号及功率：YBS－5．5ˑ1kW；机器总重：22t，机器总长：9600mm。
3现场应用及工艺参数优化
3．1工艺参数确定
3．1．1截深的选择
综合考虑采煤机功率、煤质硬度系数、煤层厚度及采高、顶板节理发育情况、支撑压力压酥煤壁深度、支架支护方式等因素来确定截深。
通过认真分析工作面地质条件和其他矿井薄煤层机组的设备配套情况，确定截深为0．6m。
当顶板破碎严重时，每刀带压拉架时进行超前支护，以提高支护效果及循环单产。
3．1．2采煤机牵引速度V的确定
V=Qy/（60kˑMSγC）
=350/（60ˑl．l5ˑl．5ˑ0．6ˑ1．3ˑ0．97）
=3．83m/min
式中：Qy一输送机能力，350t/h；
k—输送机因条件导致能力降低系数，1．l5；
M一采高，1．5m；
S一截深，0．6m；
γ一煤比重，l．3t/m3；
C—工作面采出率，0．97。
根据移架速度、平巷运输能力、采煤机截割能力等，牵引速度最后确定为3．5 3．8m/min。
3．1．3支护与移架方式
采用邻架顺风操作，立即支护。
在采煤机割过去后，先移支架撑住顶板，然后再移输送机。
并结合煤层厚度掌握加长杆伸缩，以便以合理架位及高度支护顶板。
当顶板情况允许时，顺序移架与隔架移架相结合，保证移架速度满足采煤机割煤速度，以实现连续快速割煤的需要。
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后，将使吸油严重不足，泵的流量显著减少，容积效率急剧下降。
含有气体的油液运动到高压腔后，气泡迅速破裂，产生噪声与振动，严重时引起泵内零件表面腐蚀与密封垫等损坏，这就是气蚀现象。
三联泵的最低吸油压力与吸油高度有关，为了避免上述现象，参照上式计算以及有关规定，吸油高度不得大于500mm。
实际掘进机设计油标下限到吸油口的距离即吸油高度为200mm。
当施工巷道倾斜，掘进机机体同时倾斜，油箱后头液面降低，此时若偶然液压油量不足时，三联泵吸入高度增大，甚至出现吸空，发生严重气蚀现象，导致三联泵各密封损坏，齿轮侧面间隙增大，无法输出高压油，驱动的液压元件将不能正常工作。
高速旋转的齿轮不能输出液压油，泵体内液压油将在泵内循环，造成油温急剧升高，将加速损坏泵体内密封、轴承等各元件。
3处理方法及效果
（1）施工中经常观察油箱油标，油位降低后及时添加液压油，并保持油位超过油标上限。
目的是避免增加吸入高度。
（2）增加吸油管长度。
在吸油管下部拐90ʎ增加一节横向吸油管，管长约为油箱长度的1/2（600mm），末端设置吸油过滤器，保证吸油过滤器在油箱中间位置。
目的是避免出现吸空。
图4斜巷施工掘进机加长吸油管油箱状态
采取上述措施之后，三联泵长期未出现故障。
说明故障原因判断正确，采取措施得当。
4经验点滴
（1）通过上述分析，判断因液压元件不工作或工作不良是否是三联泵原因时，可启动掘进机，倾听液压泵工作噪声，是否有“吱吱”异常噪声，触摸其机体是否有异常振动，从而判断是否出现吸空现象。
（2）当三联泵损坏不能正常供高压油时，泵体温升将显著升高。
（3）掘进机必须保持正常油位，否则对液压元件使用寿命有严重影响。
（4）液压油中水分超过规定时，水分受热后汽化，出现气蚀现象，损坏掘进机液压元件。
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3．1．4采煤机进刀方式
采用端头斜切进刀方式。
双向割煤，往返一次割两刀，前滚筒割顶煤，后滚筒割底煤，自开缺口。
根据工作面输送机机头、机尾过渡节长度与上下滚筒的相对位置、摇臂长度、摇臂回转中心至齿轨轮中心的距离，计算并根据实测掌握好机头机尾伸出煤壁距离不得小于0．95m，以确保上下滚筒能割透煤壁，彻底实现开缺口机械化。
3．2现场技术改造及应用
3．2．1采煤机改造
根据煤层地质条件，为了提高装煤效果，特别是适应俯采的需要，对原机组滚筒进行了改造，滚筒直径由原来的1250mm增加到1350mm，改扁型截齿为强力U94型镐型截齿，通过以上改造并进行特殊加固，使装煤效果得到了极大提高。
3．2．2液压支架改造
支架连接头长度由360mm改为260mm，减小了端面距；架间喷雾由外置式改为隐形喷雾，增加了过机高度；支架后掩护梁由原来的三连杆结构改为四连杆结构，加强了支架的支护强度与稳定性，为实现快速推进创造了条件。
3．2．3工作面端头支护的改进
工作面两端头各布置两架特殊的支架，型号为ZY3200—1．2/2．4；支撑高度1．2 2．4m；支撑宽度1．42 1．59m；初撑力2266 2607kN；工作阻力3200kN；支护强度0．5 0．58MPa；对底板比压0．52M 1．44MPa；重量约10．780t；推溜力/拉架力179/ 455kN。
其特殊之处在于前梁比工作面其它支架长650mm，有效地解决了端头犄角的顶板管理的困难。
4适应条件
该套机组较适应于单一走向仰采、顶底板完整、煤层厚度1．2 1．8m、地质构造简单的工作面。
因煤机机身薄，过煤高度低，割底量小，刹底困难，俯采时煤机装煤效果差，造成推溜困难，因此对于煤层走向起伏较大、煤厚不均、伪顶发育、地质构造复杂的工作面，极难发挥其综机效能。
5结论
该套薄煤层综采机组在滨湖煤矿16煤的成功应用填补了省内空白，为薄煤层开采综合机械化实现稳产高产奠定了坚实的基础。
为同类条件矿井逐步完善回采工艺，提高安全生产水平进行了有益的探索。
