2014年3月18日RICHARD老师托福独立写作三步解题法80295
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托福独立写作怎样拿高分托福独立写作怎样拿高分一、确定托福写作的立意看到托福作文题目时,不要着急下笔。
首先要进入破题与立意结合的阶段。
充分的破题所积累的大量思维方向给我们更多选择,而选择的立意最好满足以下条件:1. 要与论题相匹配论题问的如果是提高生活质量与否,一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用,比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变,是事实,且未对生活质量有直接明显影响,就应该避免用作主要论点。
2. 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点,一定要有内在联系这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。
之后要立意,就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么,明确立场。
然后站在这个立场上,挑选支持自己的论点。
3. 要能言之有物这是再功利不过的一条标准。
比如食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变,破题时觉得不无可能,真落笔时却不知道由何说起,如果选了这一条为一个主要论点,结果却是写了一句话就走人,那还不如选个能下笔,能展示语言功底,也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
按照说服力强弱排列分论点破题结束后,需要整理行文思路。
破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程,而立意,则是要把思维收回来,组织化,理清它的脉络纹路,让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好,准备落于纸上的过程。
这个说服力的强弱,应该以什么标准判断呢?哪些论点更有说服力?能说服读者的议论,在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则:三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉,但要符合一条明线:支持全文观点。
而最打动读者的论点选择,不仅遵循上面的原则,三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。
令全文浑然天成,回味无穷。
立意的第一步,按照上面的原则看,当然要先确定观点。
以题目为例,笔者愿意选择否,食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。
确定观点后,破题时得到的思维方向,明显不利于后续展开的就应该排除。
托福写作满分作文要怎么写?那么,怎样写才能写出一篇好作文呢?写出一篇高分作文,首先思路要正确,要站在出题人的角度思考问题。
我们用一个写作话题举例:“为了晋升,到底要承担更多(个体)工作,还是更多参与团队任务?”。
托福独立写作如何进行分段论述托福独立写作如何进行分段论述?议论文格式要求不可不知托福独立写作段落要求介绍在应试型议论文写作中,通常遵循引言段-主体段-结论段的〝三步曲〞.主题段落提供了论证观点的理由,是整个文章的主体,占分最大.一篇满分作文必须论据充分.1.Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topicsentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraphwill be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not supportthe thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement orreconsider your topic sentences.(每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句)2.Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence foreach paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideasstated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence. (支持句必须围绕主题句展开)托福独立写作如何进行分段?新托福满分作文(5分)也要求〝is well organized and well developed,using clearlyappropriate e_planations, e_emplifications, and/ordetails〞,同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现.一般来说,一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段.每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句〝topicsentence〞和若干支持句〝supporting sentences〞.他们共同组成文章的理由段,对全文的论点提供理由支持.托福写作解析:Money and success托福写作练习题目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earna lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and e_amples to support youranswer.写作思路分析:不能同意.Only是绝对修饰词.确实,往往成功的一个表象是金钱的多少.钱不是衡量成功的唯一的标准.黑社会分子(members of criminal syndicate).一些黑心的商人(evil-mindedbusinessman).有些职业收入远不如其他行业,比如,我国的教师,护士.成功的定义更应该基于社会贡献:甘地(Gandhi)就身无分文(without a cash in his pocket);特蕾莎修女( NurseTheresa )也是好例子.不同意挣了很多钱的人是成功的(1)钱不代表一切.很多人非常富有,但是是因为他们的成就,人们才认为他成功/(2)有些人非常贫穷,如有些科学家,但是他们作出了巨大的成就,被认为所纪念,他们虽然没有钱,也一样成功的(3)有些人虽然挣了很多钱,但是都是非法的,所以他们并不成功.参考范文:Money and successSince people s criteria for success differ, there is much debate overwhether only those who make a lot of money are successful. As far as I amconcerned, in today s society that stresses on individual achievement, moneyprovides the best evaluation of one s accomplishment.To begin with, as a standardized measurement used for comparing values, money is objective rather than subjective, so it is considered an authentic reflection of one s achievement. As different people hold different understandings of success, assessing the amount of one s earnings has become universally accepted as a rule to measure one s success. Each year, FortuneMagazine publishes a special issue to rank the top 100 most successful peoplethroughout the world according to their yearly income, because there are noother methods to rely on.In addition, the amount of money one makes is the consequence of one s hardwork and talent. To deny the accomplishment wealth brings is equal to deny thesources from which it springs. In the past, I only believed in spiritual valuesand then leapt rashly to the conclusion that the best thing in life involves nomoney at all. It is my uncle who showed me the significance of money and changedmy opinion. He told me he respected money and made it a goal to strive for inhis way towards success. Because he would have to pay a price for it in terms oftime, thought and energy. Gradually, I came to realize it is the mental andphysical labor he devotes in the process of making money that paves his way forselfaccomplishment, and thus deserves appreciation and respect.Finally, money is the most powerful possession in one s lifetime. Aseveryone knows, success is the ability to do whatever one wants to and to besatisfied with oneself. There is hardly anything that can be done without acertain amount of money. Indeed, with money, one can meet his or her materialdemand in life, such as taking effective medicines, living in magnificenthouses, eating various delicious food, and so on. Also, with money, one can do alot of meaningful things to benefit others, such as donations to poor people.All these will not only satisfy one s need for personal fulfillment, but alsoadd grandness to one s success.In conclusion, money serves as a measurement of one s achievement. But weshould keep in mind that only those who obtain money by hardworking and use itto benefit the society are really successful.托福写作解析:Member vs leader一.托福写作练习题目:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be amember of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons ande_amples to support your answer.二.写作思路分析讨论做leader的好处:主动,可以操纵更多的资源,获得更多;缺点:风险大讨论做member的好处:安逸;没有风险;缺点:收获较小做leader和member一定程度上与一个人的性格有关.另外,还要看是做什么的group.视情况而定.不同意,应当成为团队的领袖(1)当领袖有责任感,领袖总是要做最多的工作,这激励着自己能把事情作好.(2)锻炼自己的团队合作能力.(3)能够学到更多的知识.三.参考范文Member vs. leaderAccording to my opinion, it is always better to be a leader than afollower. True leader show initiative. They take actions and they assumeresponsibilities. A leader makes a decision. Some followers may approve of thedecision, others may complain about it. However, these followers all chose tofollow, not to lead. They chose not to make a decision. That s how I amdifferent. I am not a follower. I want to make decisions.A good leader will not react to events, but will anticipate them. A leaderwill start a plan of action and then will persuade others to follow. For e_ample, a class president at a local college may feel that the relationshipbetween the community and the campus is not a good one. The citizens may feelthat the college kids make too much noise on the street, litter public areas,and shop in other communities. A good class president will recognize that thecommunity and the campus depend on one another. The president will ask thestudent body to keep noise down, help clean up the neighborhood, and work withbusinesses to attract students. A good leader takes the initiative.Good leaders must be action-oriented. Having taken the initiative, theymust see the job though. They have to take charge and lead the followers. Theyhave to motivate and encourage the followers. The followers (in thise_ample,the student body) must understand why good relations with the community arenecessary. The followers must be persuaded to do something about it.I enjoy taking the initiative, determining the direction, and beingresponsible for my actions. I do not want to suffer through other people sstupid decisions. If there are going to be stupid ways to do something, let thembe mine. Would not you agree?托福写作解析:Hand vs machine托福写作练习题目:Some items (such as clothes or furniture) can be made by hand or bymachine. Which do you prefer —items made by hand or items made by machine? Usereasons and specific e_amples to e_plain your choice.写作思路分析:这道题选择比较自由,无论选哪一种都行,只要列出几个好的理由.(注意,家具也有很多种,根据不同的种类,也可以有不同的偏好)手工:可以按照特定要求制作,有特色;成本高;机械:一般批量生产,所以相对缺乏特色;成本低喜欢用机器做的东西(1)机器做的东西比较便宜(2)机器做的东西比较耐久(DURABLE,LASTING).(3)机器做的东西更加好看.参考范文:Hand vs. machineFrom my point of view, there are many factors affecting whether to choosean item made by hand or by machine. The main factor to make a judgment is whether we use the item for our daily life or for collection and decorationpurposes.For items used in our daily life, the choices we make depend on thefollowing factors: function, form, and price. Function is the most importantthing for us. If a product is beautiful, but it is not able to perform thefunction, it can only be called a decoration, or a piece of garbage. Fore_ample, when we buy a TV, what we really care about first it is the quality ofthe picture and sound, how many stations it can receive, and whether it can beconnected easily to the VCR and DVD player at home. The second factor thataffects our choice of a product for daily use is its form. Is the TV too big,too small, or too ugly? Will it fit into the living room? Will it be compatiblewith the colors of other appliances and the furniture? The third factor we mayconsider is the price. Even if we are very happy with the item, there is nomeaning if we cannot afford it.So, in our daily life, there is really no difference whether our clothes orfurniture are made by hand or made by machine. It just doesn t matter as long asthey can perform their function. For items for collection and decoration, it isa completely different story. Ancient tools and historical artifacts have moremarket and educational value than modern day massively produced products, andtraditional handicrafts make good tourist souvenirs and beautiful decoration forthe house. Therefore, when it comes to items for collection and decoration, Iwould definitely choose items made by hand, because they are just sospecial.In conclusion, depending on different items and different uses, I will makedifferent choices.托福独立写作如何进行分段论述。
详解托福阅读的3个基本解题步骤整理在托福阅读考试中,我们做题一般都是根据找、读、选这样的做题步骤来解题的。
如何把握这3个基本解题步骤就是我们托福阅读考试取得高分的关键。
以下就是我为大家带来的托福阅读解题的3个基本步骤,盼望对大家托福阅读提分有关心。
详解托福阅读的3个基本解题步骤如何运用托福阅读的三个基本解题步骤?当大家了解了做题的三个基本步骤以后,我们来实践操作一个题目,大家做这道题的时候肯定明白,它不要求一个同学去读完整段文字全部的词和全部的信息,你只需要正确地扫描和定位就可以了。
比如说大家看当年消失的托福考试题目,在做题之前,我们还可以把这个做题步骤更有效地去过一遍:第一个步骤应当是找,找定位词,找定位词在(文章)中第一次消失的位置;其次步是读,读懂定位词存在这句话;第三步应当是选。
根据找、读、选这样的做题步骤,这道题目是这么说的“According to paragraph 4, compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation, Texas”。
这个问题拿到手以后,它是一个标准的事实信息题,问的是关于第四段当中的一个详细内容,大家第一步应当读懂的是关于这个问题究竟在问什么,首先你们请看,依据第四段,比起来全部其他那些使用Ogallala的水来浇灌的洲,请问,德州是什么状况?大家必需要明白,(句子)中“compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation”它只是作为状语成分消失,而问题真正问的是关于德州。
既然问题问德州,我们需要去查找扫描定位德州存在的句子,这个时候可见读懂问题是特别重要的,大家想,假如我们现在定位的不是“Texas”,而是“irrigation”浇灌,或者是“Ogallala”,或者是其他的词,你就没有方法找到能够回答这个问题的句子。
托福独立写作思路解析是不是一提到托福写作,大家就一个头两个大呢?备考托福独立写作,更是没有头绪,其实独立写作没有那么难,大家要是有一个托福独立写作思路一切都好办,看看小编建议给大家的写作方法吧。
托福独立写作思路解析我们先从分析托福独立写作题型开始。
托福独立写作的题目大体可以分为两类:赞成反对类和观点选择类。
赞成反对类的标志词是agree or disagree,观点选择类的标志词为prefer, better, more important等涉及比较的表达。
这两种题型可以统称为“二选一”,因为题目均是要求考生在两个选项中做出选择,从而确定全文的总论点。
那么,对于“二选一”题型,考生有四种行文结构可以选择:一.“1+1+1”“1+1+1”结构又可称为“一边倒”结构,是指对于一道题目中的两个选项,明确的做出选择:同意或者不同意/A或者B。
这个选择称之为正方,针对这个选项,给出三个支持的理由,即分论点,然后对每个分论点展开论证形成三个主体段落。
再加上首段和尾段,就形成了议论文通常所说的“黄金五大段”。
这种结构在托福写作中最为通俗易懂,且因为有三个正方展开段落,因此论证最为充分。
如果考生对于一个题目能够又好又快地想到三个相互独立的分论点,那么这种结构不失为最佳选择。
但是,正如很多同学指出,有些题目在短时间内想出三个不同的理由有一定的难度,那么我们可以参考接下来的几种结构。
二.“1+2”“1+2”又可以称为“让步转折递进”结构,这里的数字也是指中间的三个主体段。
“1”代表的是“让步段”,“2”代表的是“转折”和“递进”两个正方分论点段落。
与“1+1+1”不同的是,“1+2”结构需要在第一个主体段中先承认反方观点的合理性,然后进行转折,继而转入正方两个主体段。
例如:Do you agree or disagree the following statement?Your job has more effect on your happiness than your social life does.这是2011年12月9日的北美真题,是一道典型的“二选一”题目。
英语考试作文托福独立写作三选一题型解题思路解读对于托福独立写作当中的三选一题型大家是如何应对的呢?对于这类题型,考生需要解决的关键点还是有许多的,这里就为大家带来了托福独立写作三选一题型的整个解题思路,希望对大家应对这种题型时可以找到解决方法。
三选一题型如何处理:很多同学不知道三选一的文章结构应该如何处理。
这里其实三选一并不复杂,只需要熟记两个注意点就可以轻松应付:一是三者都要提及;二是并没有唯一的正确结构,结构应该根据题目灵活的选择。
我们来看一道例题。
Essay TopicWhich one isthe most important for teacher of high school?1. The ability to help students plan for their future;2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them;3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.就这道题来讲,题型基本结构的选择有两种:三项能力都重要,但是第一项最重要;或者,第一项是重要的,而第二项和第三项是不重要的。
其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。
我们拿第二种结构举例:总论点:规划未来能力最重要(vs. 发现需要帮助的同学 &教会自学)主体段1:学生最需要规划,而只有老师有能力提供主体段2:发现需要帮助的能力不重要,因为学生自己会来找主体段3:课外自学不重要,高中生没有课外时间The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates’ only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding thechoice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications, not because they lack of the intention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students’ future.The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other hand, is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students don’t want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student’s problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.Similarly, the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time, parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.本篇文章在结构的处理上,做到了清晰、简单。
托福独立写作的备考经验有很多,而且大部分都是一个派系:独立写作的备考重点在于整合一切托福写作资源中的精华,形成自己的模板;积累一些托福写作素材,在具体话题下将模板填充。
前程百利小编为考生带来一种自成一派的托福独立写作方法--托福独立写作三步曲。
和以前的备考经验有异曲同工之妙,希望可以对大家有所帮助。
第一步:思路的确定--托福独立写作,让自己的论点醒目在托福独立写作中,面对一个话题,首先我们要解决的是我们写作的大思路,也就是我们的论点。
比如如果让你写读大学有没有用,我们首先要表明自己的态度,以我认为读大学有用为例。
其次,则是分论点,读大学为什么有用,比如,第一我们通过大学的学习可以学习专业知识,掌握一项技能;第二,读大学可以从周围很多优秀的同学、老师那里学习到不同的生活、处事态度。
第三,大学除了专业知识,更多的是一种价值观的形成。
这就是第一步。
第二步:观点的阐述—托福独立写作的内容填充,让表达更丰富。
在表明自己的观点之后,要做的就是阐述观点的过程,这个过程和举例来说明,展示论据的过程是不一样的,大家要注意。
观点的阐述就是对自己的论点进行进一步的解释扩充,可以采取的方式有直接论述、反面论述、借助名人名言阐述等等。
比如上面提到的价值观形成这一个分论点,考生可以先说明价值观对人生态度、人生选择的重要性,当然,可以同时借助一些相关的名人名言进行论点的补充。
第三步:论据的展开—托福独立写作的事实论证,让逻辑更完整。
在将论点和论点的阐释部分写好之后,字数大约会在150-200词左右,接下来就是用“事实”说话,这里的事实可以是真实发生的,也可以是虚构的,目的在于和自己的论点相契合,能够“自说自话”。
考生在托福独立写作中的论点展开这个得分点上要给予足够重视。
以上就是前程百利小编为考生带来的托福独立写作方法--托福独立写作三步曲。
这种写作方式的好处在于可以保证自己的写作过程清晰,并能很好地避免无话可说。
预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!。
掌握托福综合写作备考3步曲为你的作文提分托福综合写作(The integrated writing task)是大多数托友的心头大患,因为这一部分是对考生的语言运用和听说写综合能力的挑战。
小编总结三步曲帮助考生理清思路,事半功倍。
下面是学习啦小编给大家带来的掌握托福综合写作备考3步曲为你的作文提分,供大家参考!掌握托福综合写作备考3步曲为你的作文提分第一步:掌握出题模式1.阅读部分通常出现一篇学术文章(约300字),内容是对每一话题提出三个分论点。
考生开始读文章,时间控制在3分钟之内。
2.听力部分通常出现一篇学术文章的音频,字数同上,讲座内容是对阅读文章三个分论点的驳斥,开始放音时间约2分钟。
3.最后,综合阅读和听力完成一篇150-224字的短文,通常写四个段落,一个开头+三个分论点段落。
主要思路是介绍讲座者(通常是某个教授)用哪三个理由分别驳斥阅读中的分论点。
写作时间控制在20分钟。
第二步:三分钟阅读抓重点1.专业名词保持不变。
2.在理解的基础上对文章的复杂讲法进行简化,比如:how the buildings are built简写为function。
3.通过词性的变化,简化较长的细节,比如:appear strikingly similar to简写为similar appearance to。
第三步:听力点对点核心词1.在听力中,讲座者给出核心观点之前,通常会抛出错误观点,然后紧跟however,but等转折连词。
除了转折词外,考生还要注意其他信号词,如:if…,there would….引导的虚拟语气,或者while引导的转折说明,以及so引出的结果或结论。
2.讲座者在分析第二个观点的时候先声明了阅读中的第二个观点是错的;然后采用转折的方式,用 but 指出阅读中观点的错误所在,同时也要注意其他信号词if … why…?连用两个why通过疑问句质疑的方式来否认阅读中的观点。
3.讲座者在分析第三个观点的时候也是先声明阅读中的第三个观点是错的;然后用信号词 for example 指出了实际的情况,再用指代词 this 引导出自己的观点的同时否认了阅读中的观点。
托福独立写作论证方法有哪些托福独立写作过程中难免少不了论证观点。
如何在托福独立写作中顺利展开论证,有什么方法?下面就是店铺给大家整理的托福独立写作论证方法,希望对你有用!托福独立写作论证方法第一种论证方法:一线式一线式,或者单链式,由1推理到2推理到3再推理到4,这是最为常用的一种。
这种方法看似十分简单,其实不然。
最困难的地方就是我们经常容易从1直接推到3,粗略一看没什么不妥,但仔细想想的确不够严谨。
举个例子,比如说出the impacts of environmental pollution on people’s life. 我们可以给出一个观点是环境污染影响经济发展。
如果用单链式来论证,首先我们列出逻辑链:环境污染→不利于人们的健康→不健康之后工作效率下降→生产力下降→影响经济这个逻辑链里我们常常容易漏掉人们的工作效率下降这一点,从不健康直接推理到生产力下降,想想看觉得理所当然,但是在写作中确是严重的错误。
要想在单链式中做到逻辑性严密,首先放慢自己的思维,一步一步的想,有时候平常被认为是废话的东西不能轻易省掉。
另外在这种论证方法中,承接词是十分重要的。
句与句之间一定要有承接的词汇或短语来表示出两句之间的逻辑关系,比如more specifically, under this condition, consequently, apparently等等,这样不仅增强了段落的逻辑性,还有助于使我们的思路更加清晰。
第二种论证方法:平行法平行法。
顾名思义,平行法就是在论证的过程中举出多个互相平行的例子来进行论证,这种论证方法的说服力是极其强大的。
运用这种方法一定是在你有足够的例子来证明你的观点的情况下,一般用四个例子最好。
说到举例子的时候,大家可能都会想到用历史名人,但其实在考试那么短的时间里,如果不是平时有足够的积累的话,一下子想到四个论证同一观点的名人例子可能会有些难度,当然如果能想到是最好的。
新托福写作【解题思路】有的考生可能读完题目后,提炼不出何时的分论点。
这是非常糟糕的事情,因为分论点虽然不必要太标新立异,可是胡拼乱凑的份论点会让考官感觉非常别扭而影响分数。
为了杜绝这种情况,我们首先引出分论点的一些原则,再给出构思方法,最后以一些常用话题为例给出它们的解题思路。
一、解题思路原则1、什么是合适的分论点(1)分论点要切题,不能和所讨论话题无关,或关联太小比如:图书馆投资书好还是投资计算机好这一话题,有人说买计算机好是因为:计算机的屏幕看起来比较舒服,而且可以越做越大(图书馆是用来获得信息的,大屏幕计算机有点奢侈吧?不是主要理由);有人说计算机对现代人很重要,连找工作都要求计算机能力,所以投资计算机。
(这个干脆就跑题了。
此分论点应该是用来说明大学里开设计算机课程必要性这个话题的。
)(2)分论点不能脱离实际生活,道德不能过于低下,也不能过于高尚。
比如:用计算机打字好还是用笔写好,有人说打字好,这样写恐吓信不会被经法识破;为钱工作还是为兴趣工作,有人说为兴趣工作,认为钱根本不重要,只要自己感兴趣,完全可以不要钱,“全心全意为人民服务”了,好像连basic necessities都不要,饿着肚皮就可以工作了。
(应该说钱布市首要目的,有一些能够满足生活的基本需要就行了,不能成为工作的唯一目的。
)(3)分论点不能违背话题的一般性比如:图书馆投资书好还是投资计算机好这一话题,有人说我们图书馆早已经配备好全新的奔腾Ⅱ,不用再投资计算机了,全部去买书吧。
这就违背了话题的原意:把两种信息的媒介进行对比。
(4)分论点不能触及政治敏感点比如:让你重新生活一次,你选择何时何地,有人说,选择科索沃,要成为一位杰出将领重创北约……二、Brainstorming确定文章的中心论点并不困难,但是提炼分论点有时候对于某些考生来说,确实意见比较通痛苦的事情。
在这里我们引入思想学界著名的Brainstorming方法来帮助您解决最个问题。
谈托福独立写作题目的审题和构思在考场上面对托福独立写作题目时,考生要做的第一步也是最重要的一步就是准确审题,避免跑题和偏题,然后在此基础上再构思如何组织主体段的理由或分论点。
如果审题和构思没有做好,出现跑题或是结构不合理的情况,即使文章在语言方面非常完美,字数写了很多,也还是得不到高分。
在实际的教学过程中笔者发现,很多语言基本功不错的高中生或是六级考试得分很高的大学生没能在托福独立写作部分拿到高分,其主要原因就在于审题和构思这个环节出现了失误。
只有把准确审题和有效构思作为前提,想出合理的主体段理由,再加上详尽的论证和优质的语言才能保证拿到最高档次的分数。
审题和构思阶段的功课做得不够好,论证和语言方面的努力就会事倍功半。
下面笔者就根据自己的教学经验,与考生分享一些审题、构思方面的注意事项和方法。
审题与构思的注意事项准确理解关键词和基本概念考生在审题时,对于题目中的关键词和基本概念必须准确理解,防止因为概念理解错误而使文章内容不切题。
下面笔者就以两道托福独立写作题目为例来说明。
2013年5月18日中国内地托福考试的独立写作题目如下:Do you agree or disagree:Government should support scientific research even if it does not have practical use.对于这道题目,考生需要判断什么样的科学研究是没有实际用途的科学研究。
有的考生对这一基本概念理解错误,认为和老百姓日常生活关联不大的研究就是没有实际用途的研究。
由于这样的审题,该考生选择同意应当支持这样的研究,然后主体段分别从军事和航空角度展开论证。
但事实上,没有实际用途的科学研究是指一些纯理论性的研究,比如纯数学理论的研究等。
军事、航空方面的研究虽然与日常生活关系不大,但仍是有实际用途的。
考生对题目中的关键词和基本概念理解错误,导致论证时的理由与事实背离。