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The Hidden Side of Happiness1.激流漂流：an recreational activity using an inflatable (可充气的）raft to navigate ariver or other bodies of water.hurricane: a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 飓风e.g. In America, Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a stable, wealthy and vibrant cityinto a wasteland in a few days.typhoon 台风monsoon 季风与季风相伴的雨季trade wind 信风vicious:violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physicallye.g. a vicious murder/killer/cycle• A tiger wearing a monk's beads/a vicious person pretending to be benevolent 老虎戴素珠——假充善人very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone'sfeelings or make their character seem bad,e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.similar words: malicious, evil, violent, savage, cruel,ferocious, fierceTheir refrain might go sth. like this:refrain: n. a remark or idea that is often repeated 重复e.g.（1）Their proposal met with constant refrain that it was impractical.（2）I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.refrain: v. to hold oneself back; forbeare.g. refrain your tongue from backbiting. 不要在背后中伤人家2 tribulation: a serious trouble or a serious problem苦难，困苦，考验•Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation. (John Kennedy, American president) 从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧。
(美国总统肯尼迪)•Even at this point in our awful tribulation under the German scourge we were quite friendly. 此刻，即便是处在德军蹂躏的极端痛苦中，我们仍然是十分友好的。
tribulation: a serious trouble or a serious problem同义词：trial, visitation•The famine was a visitation of God for their sins. 那次灾荒算是上帝对他们罪孽的惩罚。
•…this visitation/ is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose我现在是来磨砺你的快要蹉跎下去的决心•Oh, if it had been His will to take the grey head to rest before this awful visitation on my house and name! 啊！要是在那个恶运降临我的门楣之前，上帝就让我这白发苍苍的老人与世长辞，那该多好！perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth…bona fide: adj. made or carried out in good faith; sinceree.g. There are few bona fide readers but many dippers. 真诚精读的人很少，但粗读者却很多。
e.g. a bona fide Rembrandt（伦勃朗）bona fide: adj. authentic; genuinebuilt-in: adj. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic是…的组成部分的；嵌入式的；内置的; 内在的同义词：[a.] constitutional, inbuilt, inherent, integralThere seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. flourish: develop well and be successfule.g. The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.thrivee.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.See：develop, bloom, grow, prosperPositive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.A.Positive responses only happen to the toughest and the bravest people.B.Anyone could obtain positive outcomes from difficult experiences.C.Only the toughest and the bravest people will undergo disturbing circumstances.D.The toughest and the bravest people are more likely to encounter profoundly disturbingexperiences.adversity: a situation in which you have a lot of problems that seem to be caused by bad luck n. 逆境；厄运；窘境；灾祸；灾难；不幸的事Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes; and adversity is not with outcomforts and hopes. -- Bacon幸运中并非不搀杂各种担心与烦恼，而厄运中也并非不存在欣慰与期望。
－－培根Learning is an ornament in prosperity, a refuge in adversity, and a provision in old age.学问在得意时是装饰品，失意时是庇护所，年老时是供应品。
3. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide:……fledgling:n. 1.（刚会飞的）幼鸟…when fledglings are almost ready to leave the nests.2. 初出茅庐的人，无经验的组织，新体系He is a fledgling writer.By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.bromide ['brəumaid]any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generallyreplaced by safer drugs 溴化物a trite or obvious remark 陈词滥调[同] commonplace, banality, bromide, platitude, clicheIn the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled.in the wake of: following or as a result of sth 紧跟、效仿e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US was now burdened with soaring borrowing, highunemployment, and collapsing house prices.The figures do not include restrictions on pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the wake of the swine flu outbreak.4. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. paradox: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange•For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.•`More haste, less speed' is a well-known paradox.weather：v. to come through a very difficult situation safely （p14）e.g. The police department has weathered the storm of criticism after the incident.He said it was a “special” policy to weather the financial crisis.Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss.quest: n. the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a searche.g. in quest of employmentquest (for): v. seek aftere.g quest for improvement /hidden treasuresSee: pursue, seekshrivel:v. 1) wither, as with a loss of moisturee. g. Why do Kate’s onions grow so well while John’s shrivel and rot in the ground?2) decrease in size, range, or extente.g. Profits have shriveled since the start of the economic crisis.bliss: perfect happiness or enjoyment 极乐，狂喜; 天堂之乐，天赐之福，福祉；天堂，乐园–They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude; and then my heart with pleasure fills and dances with the daffodils.•live to ripe old age in conjugal bliss: remain a devoted couple to the end of their lives •Oh, grant me my prayer that I may never lose the bliss of the touch of the one in the play of many.Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.A. Those who experience different weather conditions can find happiness.B. Weathermen are most likely to experience the paradoxes of happiness.C. Those who come out of a difficult situation soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes ofhappiness.D. People gain happiness and sorrow if they handle adversity well.We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.A.The best possible life of humans depends on whether they are happy.B.The best possible life comes from pleasure.C.The best possible life needs more pleasure.D.Pleasure is not the only thing that contributes to the best life.5. anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyonee.g. Look at the reaction in India to some fairly anodyne comments by President George W.Bush.anodyne: n. a medicine used to relieve pain止痛剂contend: v. to compete against someone in order to gain somethingcontend for:e.g. Ten teams are contending for the title.have to contend with: have to deal with something difficult or bade.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will have to contendwith more and more diseases.contend : v. to argue or state that something is truee.g. The authors /think/believe/argue/contend/maintain/insist/assert/hold/observe/note that it isnecessary to distinguish between these words.It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey ‖that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life”.有证明显示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他们从未预料到的震撼作斗争，并且思考自己生命意义的人，也许能就深奥而极具成就感的经历给予我们最多的意见。
