四年级英语下册知识点归纳

四年级英语下册知识点第一单元：一、对应词my your I you our your this that here thereyes no come go teacher student boy girl his her二、知识点1、表示在几楼上;要用介词on;如on the first floor.在一楼..The first表示第一的;序数词在使用时前面一定要加the;表示事物的排列顺序..2、介绍离自己近的事物时用this is ….;介绍离自己比较远的事物时用that is…如：This is my computer. 这是我的计算机..That is your computer.那是你的计算机..3、how many… 多少用来询问物品的数量有多少;后面只能跟名词的复数形式..如How many books do you have 你有多少本书4、当表示有一个时;名词的前面可以用a或者an.元音前用an ; 辅音前用a.如 an apple一个苹果an orange 一个橙子a pear 一个梨 a dog一只狗5、当用Is this… Is that… 提问时;一般用肯定回答是：Yes; it is .否定是: No ; it isn’t.第二单元：1、同义词：supper ===dinner 晚饭2、say 第三人称单数says3、同义句：What time is it ===What’s the time 现在几点了4、Let’s…后面直接跟动词的原形..如：Let’s go 让我们走吧Let’s clean the classroom.让我们打扫教室吧5、It’s time for …后面跟名词..如：It’s time for dinner. 该吃晚饭了..It’s time for English class.该上英语课了..It’s time to…后面跟动词..如：It’s time to eat dinner. 该吃晚饭了..It’s time to have English class. 该上英语课了..第三单元：1、对应词：put on -- take off white black these--those2、特殊疑问词What colour 什么颜色用来问物体的颜色;回答时一定要有表示颜色的词语..如：What colour is your bag It’s blue.3、Who 和Whose的区别：Who谁..用来问人是谁..如:Who is that girl 那个女孩是谁She is my sister.她是我的姐姐..Who is that tall man 那个高个子男人是谁He is my father.他是我的爸爸..Whose 谁的..用来询问物品是谁的..在回答Whose引领的问题时;如果答案有人名;要在人名的后面加‘s;其中的’s 表示“某人的”..如：Whose shirt is this 这是谁的衬衣It’s Mike’s .它是mike的..Whose bike is blue 谁的书包是蓝色的 My bag is blue.我的书包是蓝色的..4、have第三人称单数has5、pants ; socks ; shoes ; shorts ; jeans 这些单词都是成双成对出现的;所以在句子中一般都是复数形式..如：These are my shoes.这是我的鞋子..Those are your socks.那是你的袜子..6、人称代词和名词性物主代词对应：我I我的 my 你you 你的your我们 we我们的our 你们you 你们的 your他们they 他们的 their 她们they 她们的their人称代词一般在句中用作主语..物主代词一般后面加名词..第四单元：一、对应词：close open put on take off cold hot warm cool复数形式：foot feet 脚二、表示天气的几个形容词都是同是由相应的名词变化而来的;它们的对应形式是：名词形式形容词形式rain 雨rainy 下雨的snow雪snowy下雪的wind 风windy 有风的cloud 云cloudy 有云的sun阳光sunny晴朗的三、一般疑问句Can you… 的回答形式有两种;肯定回答是：Yes; I can. 否定回答是: No; I can’t.一般疑问句Can I … 的回答形式也有两种;肯定回答是：Yes; you can. 否定回答是: No; you can’t.四、同义词：How about … ===What about … 怎么样五、当问某个地方的天气如何时;要用What’s the weather like in +地名如：What’s the weather like in Beijing 北京的天气怎么样第五单元：一、Can I help you 是一般购物时;售货员的礼貌用语..二、How much 与How many 的区别：1、How much意思是多少钱用来问物品的价格..在回答时一般要有表示价钱的单位..如：问一件物品的价钱时用How much is …How much is this jacket 这件夹克衫多少钱It’s forty-five yuan. 它是45元..问多件物品的价钱时用How much are …How much are these books 这些书多少钱They are ninety-nine yuan. 它们是99元..2、How many 意思是多少..用来询问物品的数量有多少;后面跟名词的复数形式;回答时一般数字后面没有单位..如：How many cows do you have 你有多少头奶牛I have 12.我有12头..How many horses are there 那儿有多少匹马They are 12.有12匹..第六单元：一、复数形式sheep sheep 绵羊hen hens母鸡 lamb lambs羊羔goat goats山羊cow cows奶牛horse horses马goose geese鹅 foot feet脚tooth teeth牙齿二、可数名词变复数的规则：1、一般情况下;在单数名词词尾加“s”.如：cat cats dog dogs book books ruler rulers2、在以s; ss ; x ; sh ; ch 结尾的名词后面加“es”;如：3、在以o结尾的单词后面加“es”;如：tomato tomatoes potato potatoes4、以元音字母加y结尾的名词;直接加“s”如：boy boys toy toys day days以辅音字母加y结尾的名词;去掉y后加“ies”;如：baby babies lady ladies butterfly butterflies5、以f; fe结尾的名词;去掉f或fe后加“ves”;如：shelf shelves leaf leaves knife knives三、I like…后面要加可数名词的复数形式或者不可数名词;如：I like apples . 我喜欢苹果..I like chicken.我喜欢鸡肉..四、特殊疑问句：What are these What are those What are they 在回答时;都要用“They are…”What is this What is that What is it 在回答时都要用It’s a an …一般疑问句：Are these … Are those … Are they… 的回答形式也都是一样的;肯定回答：Yes; they are. 否定回答：No; they aren’t.一般疑问句：Is this aan … Is that aan … Is it aan… 的回答形式也都是一样的;肯定回答：Yes; it is. 否定回答：No; it isn’t.>> 四年级英语短语1. May I have... Yes/Sure.Here you are.我可以有...吗当然..给你..2. Happy Teachers’Day祝教师节快乐3. in a toy shop 在一家玩具店里4. I see.我明白了5. have a look 看一看6. I’d like 我想要7. What’s this/that 这/那是什么It’s a... 是...8. on the desk在课桌上9. In which box 在哪只盒子里10. over there 在那边11. in the classroom 在教室里12. come here 过来14. Not at all.不用谢..15. Excuse me 对不起;打扰了16. Sorry; I don’t know.对不起;我不知道..17. Me;too. 我也是..18. What’s this/that in English 这/那用英语怎么说It’s a... 是...19. in English 用英语20. I like...用复数形式我喜欢…21. Do you like... 你喜欢...吗Yes;I do./No;I don’t.是的;我喜欢../不;我不喜欢... Unit 6 9 单元1. Try this one on. 试穿这件..2. Try this pair on. 试穿这条..3. Whose…is this 这是谁的…It’s…’s.是…的..4. Whose…are they 这是谁的...They’re…’s.是…的..5. Don’t worry. 别担心..6. Oh; dear 喔;天呀7. get up 起床8. have breakfast 吃早饭9. go to school 去上学10. have lunch 吃午饭12. watch TV 看电视13. go to bed 上床睡觉14. go to the cinema 去看电影15. What’s the time; please 请问几点了It’s…16. What time do you… 你什么时候做什么I…at…17. See you. 再见..18. It’s late. 迟到了..19. It’s time to…是…的时候了20.Shall we… 我们…;好吗21. What’s…and… 几加几等于几It’s…是…22. What’s the matter 怎么了23. read the new words 读生词24. boys and girls 孩子们25. sit down 坐下26. stand up 起立27. do the puzzle 玩拼图28. Good night. 晚安..29. a glass of water 一杯水30. have some cakes 吃些蛋糕31. Good evening. 晚上好..32. have some soft drink 喝些饮料PEP教材四年级英语下册知识点归纳1. cake snake grapes face /apple bag cat hat2. we me we he she / egg bed desk pen3. bike rice kite ice-cream / milk fish pig windows4. O hole home nose rose /box fox orange lock5. student cute music tube / umbrella toothbrush cup bus二、词汇一四会单词1、computer board fan light / this is my that yourteacher’s desk picture wall floor / yes it2、one two three four five six seven eight nine tenMath Chinese English P.E. music / what time it’s=it is o’clock for class3、jacket shirt skirt dress T-shirtred blue yellow green white / no not colour4、warm cold cool snowy sunny / todayJeans pants socks shoes / let’s=let us play football5、big small long short / how muchapple banana pear orange watermelon / are they6、horse cat rabbit pig duck dogeleven twelve thirteen fifteen twenty / how many there aren’t=are not二听、说、认读词汇1、playground / garden / teach er’s office / library / canteenWelcome to our many class at pleaseart room / computer room / washroom / music room / gym / TV room2、lunch English class music class breakfast dinner P.E. classGet up go to school go home go to bed ready3、weater shorts so they’re=they are4、hot weather rainy windy cloudy hello hi bye5 、colourful pretty cheap expensive help sneakers slipperssandals boots For all right them6、sheep hen lamb goat cow fat tomatocucumber potato onion carrot三、句型一Let's learn部分1、Where is the canteen It’s on the first ..Where is the art room It's on the second floor.2、What time is it It's nine o'clock. It's time for English class . It's time to go to school.3、I like the white sweater with the green skirt. I like the blue dress.Where are my socks What colour White.4、This is the weather report. It’s cool in Lhasa .Here's the world weather . It’s rainy in London.5、Look at that dress. It's pretty. Yes.It is .Can I help you Yes.I want a pair of sneakers.6、What are they They are goat.二Let's talk部分1、Welcome to our school This is the teacher's office.How many students are there in your class Forty-five.Do you have a library Yes. This way ;please.Your school is beautiful /cool.2、School is over. Let's go to the playground. OK. Let's run. Hurry.It's time to get up. Breakfast is ready It's time for English. I'm ready.3、Whose is this It's your baby brother's.Where are they These are your baby pants. Wow They're so small.Our neighbour has a new baby.4、Can I wear my new shirt today No;you can't. It's cold.What are you doing Not much.What’s the weather like in Beijing It’s snowy today.What's the matter It's windy now. I have to close the window.5、Look at that dress. It's colourful. It's very pretty.Can I help you Yes ;please. What size Size five.How much is this dress It's eighty-five yuan. We'll take it. Oh;that's too expensive.Are they all right Yes ;they are.6、Oh; this farm is so big. Are they sheep/horses/donkeys No; they aren’t.How many cows do you have I don’t know./One hundred.Are these tomatoes Yes; they are. /No;they aren't.Are those potatoes Yes; they are. /No;they aren't.What are they They're onions.Are those cucumbers Yes; they are.三Read and write部分1、This is my computer. That is your computer.Is this a teacher's desk . Yes ;it is .2、What time is it It's two o'clock.It's It’s time for math class.3、Is this your T-shirt No;it's not. What colour is it It's white.4、It's warm today. Let's play football. It's cool. Is it cold5、How much is it It's ten yuan. How much are they They’re three yuan.6、Are they ducks No; they aren’t. How many horses are there Twelve.PEP四年级下第四册各单元句型总汇第一单元Where is the canteenIt’s on the first floor.Welcome to our schoolHow many students are there in your classDo you have a libraryDo you have lunch at schoolThe canteen is on the first floor.This way; please.Your school is beautiful.We have a new computer room.Let’s go there.I like this one.Is this the libraryYes;it is.Is that the art roomNo;it isn’t.Let’s go and have a look.四会句型：This is my computer.That is your computer.Is this a teacher’s deskYes;it is.第二单元It’s time for English class.School is over.Let’s go to the ….Let’s go home.Just a minute.Let’s run.That one is correct.It’s time to go to school.Breakfast is readyI’m readyLook at my clock.It’s nice.Can I have a try四会句型：What time is itIt’s two o’clock..It’s 9:45.It’s time for math class.第三单元I like the white sweater with the green skirt. Where is my skirtWhose is itIt’s my T-shirt.Whose is thisIt’s your baby brother’sSo many coloursPlease pass me my T-shirt.My T-shirt is red.This small oneWhere are my socksLook at these.What are theyThese are your baby pants.They’re so small.But what forOur neighbour has a new babyHurry upThis red T-shirt is prettyIs this your skirtNo;it’s not.What colour is itIt’s white.第四单元This is the weather report.It’s cool in Lhasa.Can I wear my new shirt today No;you can’t.Come on .Those are my shoes.Where are theyThey are on your feetHere’s the world weather.What are you doingWhat’s the weather like in Beijing Not much.It’s rainy today.How about New YorkWhat’s the matterI have to close the window.四会句型：It’s warm today.It’s coolLet’s play football.Is it cold第五单元Look at that dress.It’s colourful.Can I help youThat’s expensive.I like it.This shirt is colourful;but it’s too big. It’s fits me well.I want a pair of sneakers.What size Size five.How about this pairAre they nice/all rightWe’ll take them.四会句型：How much is itIt’s ten yuan.How much are theyThey’re three yuan.第六单元What do you see in the pictureWhat are thoseHow many geese can you seeAre these tomatoes四会句型：Are they ducksNo;they aren’t.How many horses are thereTwelve.四年级下册单词、句型集中营Words in Book 4Class________ Name______ Number_______playground garden teacher’s office library canteen artroom gym computerroom washroom music room floor visitor thereTV room first class lunch thisway please cool beautiful second computer board fan lightthis is mythat your teacher’s desk wall picturefloor breakfast Englishclass music classlunch it dinner P.E. class get up yesgo to school go home go to bed just a minuteover go to the playground now run onekid two three four five sixseven eight nine ten what time it’s=it iso’clock English P.E.hurry Chinese music for classjacket shirt skirt dress redsweater T-shirt whose green whiteblue yellow not jeans pantsno socks shoes shorts thesethose but what for neighbour colourwarm cold cool hot weather reportweather wear today can’t=cannot put onjeans pants socks shoes footballlet’s=let us play snowy cloudy sunnyrainy windy New York matter closehow much have to pretty cheap expensivecolourful sixty seventy hundred assistanthow much ninety-nine big take applesmall long short orange watermelon pearbanana are they sneakers slipperssandals boots want pair we’ll=we willa pair of son size horse hen lambsheep goat cow farm aren’t=are notpig duck dog onion carrotcucumber potato eleven twelve thirteenfresh fifteen twenty how many there重难点句子Sentences in Book 4Class_________ Name________ Number________1. Where is the canteen It’s on the first floor.2. This is the teacher’s office. That is my classroom.3. How many students are there in your class Forty-five.4. Do you have a library Yes5. The canteen is on the first floor.6. This is my computer. That is your computer.7. Is this a teacher’s desk Yes; it is.\No; it isn’t.8. Is that the art room Yes; it is.\No; it isn’t.9. What time is it It’s nine o’clock.10. It’s time for English class.Breakfast is ready11. School is over. Let’s go to the playground.12. Let’s go home.I’m ready.13. It’s 7:05.It’s time to go to school.14. It’s 8:30 .It’s time for music class.15. I like the white sweater with the green skirt.16. I like the blue dress.17. Where is my skirt18. What colour is it Blue.19. Is this your skirt Yes; it is./No. it isn’t. My T-shirt is red.20. Is that your T-shirt No; it’s not.21. Whose is it It’s my T—shirt.22. Whose is this It’s your baby brother’s23. What are they These are your baby pants. They’re so small.24. Are those my shoes Yes. But what for25. Our neighbour has a new baby26. This is the weather report. It’s cool in Lhasa.27. Can I wear my new shirt today No; you can’t. /Yes; you can.28. It’s warm today. You can wear your new shirt.29. Can I wear my T-shirt Yes; you can.30. What are you doing Not much.31. What’s the weather like in Beijing It’s rainy today.32. How about New York It’s sunny.33. What’s the matter34. It’s windy now. I have to close the window.35. Look at that dress. It’s colorful.It’s very pretty.36. Can I help you Yes.37. How much is this dress It’s ninety-nine Yuan.38. What size Size five.39. Are they all right Yes; they are.40. How much are they They’re thirty-five Yuan.41. What are they They are goats.42. Are they sheep No; they aren’t. They are goats.43. Are they horses No; they aren’t .They are donkeys.44. Look at the hens. They are fat.45. How many cows do you have One hundred.46. What do you see in the picture I see five cats.47. Are these tomatoes Yes; they are. /No; they aren’t.48. What are these They are carrots.连词成句1. is; my; this; computer .2. your; is; that; computer .3. teacher’s desk; this; is; a4. is; it; time; what5. o’clock; it’s; two .6. time; math; for; it’s; class .7. this; is; your; T-shirt 8. colour; it; is; what9. warm; it’s; today .10. play; let’s; football .11. much; how; it; is 12. yuan; it’s; ten .13. they; much; how; are 14. three; they; yuan; are .15. they; ducks; are16. many; horses; there; are; how四年级下册英语知识点Unit 1 Our school一、句子：1、This is the teacher’s office.这是老师办公室..2、That is my classroom.那是我的教室..3、Go to the library. Read a story-book..去图书馆..读故事书..4、Is this the library Yes; it is.这是图书馆吗是的..5、Is that the art room No; it isn’t. the art room is on the second floor.on the third; on the 4th; on the 5th…….那是美术室吗不是;美术室在二楼..三楼、四楼、五楼……6、Where is the canteen It’s on the first floor. on the third;on the 4th; on the 5th…….食堂在哪里在一楼..三楼、四楼、五楼……7、How many students are there in you class Forty.数字8、Let’s go and have a look让我们去看一看..9、二、单词：playground garden library canteen artroom light picture boardteacher’s office computer room washroom music room gym TV roomteacher’s desk wall floor your computer fan this way pleaseUnit 2 What time is it一、句子：1、What time is it 几点钟了2、It’s nine o’clock.现在九点..3、It’s time for English class.该上英语课了..lunch English class music class breakfast dinner P.E class4、School is over. Let’s go to the playground.放学了;让我们去操场吧5、It’s time to go to school.该去学校了get up go to school go to bed go home6、Where is the short hand7、That one is correct二、单词：lunch English class music class breakfast dinner P.E class get up go to school go to bed go home just a minuteone two three four five six seven eight nine ten it’s=it is math Chinese English P.E music classUnit 3 Is this your skirt一、句子：1、I like the white sweater with the green skirt.我喜欢白毛衣搭配绿裙子..2、Whose is this It’s my baby brother’s.这是谁的是我小弟弟的..3、Is this your T-shirt No; it’s not.这是你的T恤衫吗不是..4、Where are my socks 我的袜子在哪儿5、What colour is it It’s white.它是什么颜色的白色的..二、单词：sweater jeans pants socks shoes shortsjacket shirt skirt dress T-shirt red blue yellow green white colourUnit 4 It’s warm today一、句子：1、This is the weather report. 这是天气预报..2、It’s cool in Lhasa. 拉萨天气凉爽..3、What’s the weather like in Beijing It’s rainy.北京天气怎样下雨..4、Can I wear my shirt today Yes; you can./ No; you can’t.我今天能穿衬衫吗能/不能..5、What’s the matter 你有什么事情6、It’s warm today今天天气暖和..7、Where are my shoes 我的鞋子在哪里8、Those are my shoes.那些是我的鞋子..9、they are on you feet.他们在你的脚上..10、I have to close the window.我不得不关上窗户..二、单词：hot the weather report the word report rainy windycloudy warm cold cool today jeans pants socks shoes let’s=let us play football snowy sunny not much Unit 5 How much is it1、Look at that dress. It’s pretty..看那条裙子;真漂亮2、Can I help you 需要我为你做些什么吗3、I want a pair of sneakers.我想要一双球鞋..4、How much i s it It’s ninety-nine yuan.多少钱九十九元..5、That’s expensive.好贵阿6、A pair of sneakers for my son. 给我儿子买双球鞋..7、What size Size five. 几码五码8、Are they all right 合适吗9、We’ll take it.我们买下了10、How much are they They’re three yuan.他们多少钱三元..11、It fits me well.它很适合我..二、单词：colourful pretty expensive sneakers slippers sandals bootsbig small long short apple banana pear orange watermeloncheap all right a pair ofUnit 6 At a farm一、句子：1、What are they They are goats.必须加S它们是什么它们是山羊..2、This farm is so big.这个农场好大阿3、Are they ducks No; they aren’t.它们是鸭子吗不是的..4、Look at the cucumbers. They’re fresh.看那些黄瓜;他们好新鲜5、I like tomatoes. They are juicy.我喜欢番茄;他们很多汁..6、I don’t like onions. They’re smelly.我不喜欢洋葱;他们有股味道..7、How many horses 必须是复数are there Twelve.那儿有多少马十二匹..8、How many sheep单复数相同are there 这里有多少只绵羊9、How many geesegoose 的复数形式can you see 你能看到多少只鹅二、单词：sheep hen lamb goat cow tomato cucumber potato onion carrot horse aren’t=are not cat rabbit pig duck dog eleven twelve thirteen fifteen twenty how many there。

人教精通小学英语四年级下知识点一．名词/代词单数变复数:特殊情况：1)单复数同形的名词：sheep；fish; bread; rice; noodles; beef; pork; chicken; fruit; kiwifruit;2)以o结尾的名词：hippo s; potato e s; tomato es;3)一般名词变复数直接加s: U6中giraffes; camels;tigers...U5中 sausages;cake(s)... (U1,U2 名词类似）二．词组搭配read a book; watch TV; play a computer games; go shopping;go swimming; go fishing三．知识点1.like+doing ; I like drawing.2.want +to do ; I want to buy a bear.3.would like +to do; I’d like to have a picnic.4.How/What about +doing;Today is Sunday. What/How about going swimming?5.There be( is/are)There is a bed in the bedroom.There are 2 beds in the bedroom.6.a/an 用法a storybook-------an English storybooka boy ---------------an English boyan art lesson; an armchair; an apple; an elephant;an eraser;四．句型转换（一）含有be动词的句子：原句一般疑问句肯/否回答否定句1.She is a girl.Is she a girl? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. She is not a girl.2.They are students.Are they students? Yes,they are./No,they aren’t. They are not students.3.I am a teacher.Are you a teacher? Yes, I am./No,I am not. I am not a teacher.练习：把下面句子分别变成一般疑问句，肯定否定回答，以及变成否定句。

PEP小学英语四年级下册知识点归纳PEP四年级下册知识点归纳Unit 1 Our school重点单词：playground操场garden花园teacher’s office教师办公室library图书馆canteen餐厅art room美术教室computer room计算机教室washroom卫生间music room音乐教室gym体育馆TV room电视机房四会单词：computer计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher’sdesk讲台picture图画；照片wall墙壁floor地板四会句型：This is my computer.这是我的电脑。

（近的）That is your computer.那是你的电脑。

（远的）Is this a teacher’s desk?这是讲台吗？Yes, it is.是的，它是。

重点句型：1.—How many students are there in your class?你们班有几何个学生？—There are forty-five.有四十五。

2.—Doyouhave a library?你/你们有藏书楼吗？—（一定）Yes, I do./Yes, we do.是的，我有。

/是的，我们有。

（否定）No, I don’t./ No, we don’t.不，我没有。

/不，我们没有。

3.—Whereis the canteen.食堂在那里？—It’s on the first floor.在一楼。

4.—Welcome to our school. This way, please.欢送来到我们黉舍。

这边请。

5.—Your school is beautiful.你们学校很漂亮。

—Thank you.谢谢。

Unit 2What time is it?重点单词：lunch午餐English class英语课music class音乐课breakfast早餐dinner晚餐P.E. class体育课get up起床go to school上学go home回家go to bed上床睡觉just a minute再多一会儿四会单词：one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight九ten十math数学Chinese语文English英语P.E.体育music音乐class课程四会句型：What time is it ?几点了？It’s two o’clock.两点整。

四年级下册英语各单元知识点以下是四年级下册英语各单元知识点：
Unit 1：我的学校
1. 掌握学校设施的词汇：教室、图书馆、操场、食堂等。

2. 学习表达时间和地点的常用句型。

3. 了解学校日常活动和课程安排。

Unit 2：我的家庭
1. 掌握家庭成员的词汇：爸爸、妈妈、兄弟、姐妹等。

2. 学习介绍家庭成员和职业的句型。

3. 了解家庭生活习惯和文化。

Unit 3：在农场
1. 掌握农场动物的词汇：牛、猪、鸡、鸭等。

2. 学习描述农场动物和农作物的句型。

3. 了解农场生活和农业知识。

Unit 4：天气
1. 掌握描述天气的词汇：晴天、雨天、雪天、多云等。

2. 学习表达温度和天气的常用句型。

3. 了解不同地区和季节的天气特点。

Unit 5：节日
1. 掌握常见节日的词汇：春节、中秋节、端午节、圣诞节等。

2. 学习描述节日活动和习俗的句型。

3. 了解不同国家和地区的节日文化。

Unit 6：购物
1. 掌握常见商品的词汇：衣服、鞋子、玩具、文具等。

2. 学习购物时常用的句型。

3. 了解购物习惯和消费文化。

Unit 7：数字与时间
1. 掌握数字0-100的英文表达方式。

2. 学习时间的基本表达方式，包括小时、分钟等。

3. 了解时间在生活中的运用，如日常作息时间等。