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呼啸山庄《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品。
小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。
全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
它开始曾被人看做是年青女作家脱离现实的天真幻想，但结合其所描写地区激烈的阶级斗争和英国的社会现象，它不久便被评论界高度肯定，并受到读者的热烈欢迎。
根据这部小说改编的影视作品至今久演不衰。
夏洛蒂和传记作者告诉我们，艾米莉生性独立、豁达、纯真、刚毅、热情而又内向。
她颇有男儿气概，酷爱自己生长其间的荒原，平素在离群索居中，除去手足情谊，最喜与大自然为友，从她的诗和一生行为，都可见她天人合一宇宙观与人生观的表现，有人因此而将她视为神秘主义者。
其实人与自然的关系，从来就是人类文明史上重要的命题，艾米莉不过是步历代哲人、隐者、科学家、艺术家后尘，通过生活和创作，身体力行地探寻人与自然的关系。
由于艾米莉一生经历简短，她既未受完整系统教育，又没有爱情婚姻实际体验，人们对于她能写出《呼啸山庄》这样深刻独特的爱情绝唱也曾疑惑不解。
对这一问题，早有人以“天才说”做出解释，而经过百余年的研考据，传记作者和评论家又提出了更加令人信服的凭据。
艾米莉以及她的姐妹，虽然生长在苦寒单调的约克郡，她们的父亲帕特里克·勃朗特却来自北爱尔兰，母亲玛丽亚·勃兰威尔是威尔士人。
这一对父母所属民族的祖先，同属具有冲动浪漫气质的凯尔特人，而且二人都不乏写诗为文的天分：帕特里克又一向怀有文学抱负，曾自费出版诗集；玛丽亚出嫁前写给帕特里克的情书，也是文采斐然。
继承了父母的遗传基因，又受到荒原精神的陶冶哺育，艾米莉的艺术天才无疑并非无源之水；而且她家那座荒原边缘上的牧师住宅，外观虽然冷落寒酸，内里却因几个才智过人的子女相亲相携而温馨宜人。
他们自幼相互鼓励、切磋，以读书写作为乐。
呼啸山庄英语版介绍Wuthering Heights, written by Emily Bronte, is a classic English novel published in 1847. The intense and passionatestory of love and revenge has made it one of the most famous and enduring works of literature.Set in the unforgiving moors of Yorkshire, England, Wuthering Heights tells the story of the turbulent relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw. The two main characters are brought together as children when Catherine's father, Mr. Earnshaw, brings Heathcliff, a young boy he found abandoned on the streets of Liverpool, home to live with them. Despite being treated as an equal by Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff faces constant abuse and mistreatment from Catherine's jealous brother, Hindley.One of the most striking themes in Wuthering Heights is the destructive power of love and obsession. Bronte explores the psychological impact of unresolved love, showing how it candrive people to madness and self-destruction. The moors, with their wild and untamed nature, serve as a metaphor for the wild and uncontrollable emotions of the characters.Additionally, Wuthering Heights examines the consequences of social class and the limitations it places on individuals. The conflicts between the wealthy Lintons and the lower-class Earnshaws and Heathcliff reveal the rigid social hierarchies ofVictorian England and the impact they have on the characters' lives.Wuthering Heights has had a significant influence on literature and popular culture. Its exploration of taboo and unconventional love has made it a favorite among readers who enjoy tales of passionate and tragic romance. Many adaptations of Wuthering Heights have been made into films, television series, and even a musical.。
呼啸山庄简介及赏析呼啸山庄是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特写的长篇小说，描述了一个爱情悲剧，想要了解小伙伴快来看看吧！下面由小编为你精心准备了“呼啸山庄简介及赏析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯！呼啸山庄简介英格兰北部，有一座几乎与世隔绝的“呼啸山庄（Wuthering Heights）”。
主人欧肖（Earnshaw）收养了一个弃儿，取名希斯克利夫（Heathcliff），让他与自己的儿女辛德雷（Hindley）和凯瑟琳（Catherine）一起生活。
希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳朝夕相处并萌发了爱情，但辛德雷十分憎恶他。
老欧肖死后，辛德雷不仅禁止希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳接触，还对他百般虐待和侮辱，这加剧了希斯克利夫对辛德雷的怨恨，也加深了他对凯瑟琳的爱。
一天，希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳秘密外出，认识了邻近的画眉田庄（Thrushcross Grange）的小主人埃德加·林顿（Edgar Linton）。
这个温文尔雅的富家子弟倾慕凯瑟琳的美貌，向她求婚，天真幼稚的凯瑟琳同意嫁给林顿。
希斯克利夫知道凯瑟琳出嫁的消息，痛不欲生，愤然出走。
数年之后，衣锦还乡的希斯克利夫要向辛德雷和林顿进行报复。
辛德雷是个生活放荡的纨绔子弟，酗酒、赌博，肆意挥霍家产，终至穷困潦倒。
连剩下的家产都抵押给了希斯克利夫，并沦为他的奴仆。
希斯克利夫经常拜访画眉田庄，林顿的妹妹伊莎贝拉（Isabella Linton）对他倾心不已，最后随他私奔。
但希斯克利夫把她囚禁在呼啸山庄并折磨她，以发泄自己强烈的怨愤。
凯瑟琳嫁给林顿以后，虽然凯、林思想分歧巨大，但由于林顿的迁就，二人生活幸福。
希斯克利夫的衣锦荣归，唤醒了她曾经对野性的爱的追求。
激动中她病倒了，并很快就死去了，留下一个早产的女婴——凯蒂（Cathy）。
伊莎贝拉趁乱逃了出来，来到伦敦郊外，不久生了一个男孩，取名林顿·希斯克利夫（Linton Heathcliff）。
辛德雷在凯瑟琳死后不到半年便酗酒而死，而他的儿子哈里顿（Hareton）落入希斯克利夫的掌心，希斯克利夫在孩子身上进一步实施报复。
Wuthering Heights is a classic novel written by Emily Bronte. It tells the compelling story of two generations, focusing on the intense and turbulent relationships between the characters. The novel is set in the moorlands of Yorkshire, England, and explores themes of love, revenge, and the destructive power of human obsession.The story begins with Mr. Lockwood, a London gentleman, renting Thrushcross Grange, a nearby house owned by his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff. During his visit, Lockwood encounters the mysterious and aggressive inhabitants of Wuthering Heights, the Earnshaw family. He is introduced to the rough and uncivilized Catherine Earnshaw, known as Cathy, and her adoptive brother, the brooding Heathcliff.As Lockwood grows curious about the history of Wuthering Heights, he seeks guidance from his housekeeper, Nelly Dean. Nelly begins to narrate the story of the past, taking the reader back to the time of Cathy and Heathcliff’s childhood. Heathcliff, an orphan from Liverpool, was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw and faced hostility and abuse from Cathy’s brother, Hindley. Despite Hindley’s mistreatment, Cathy and Heathcliff formed a deep bond and spent much of their childhood exploring the moors together.However, Cathy’s ambitions and desire for social status l eads her to marry Edgar Linton, a wealthy neighbor. This choice leads to a series of tragic events that unfold throughout the novel. Heathcliff, driven by a consuming love for Cathy and a thirst for revenge against those who have wronged him, becomes embittered and seeks to destroy their lives.Heathcliff’s cruelty extends beyond the grave when he torments Cathy’s daughter, also named Catherine, and seeks to force her into marriage with his own son, Linton. Relationships become entangled and tangled up in a web of hatred and revenge, as Heathcliff manipulates and destroys the lives of those around him.The story explores the destructive power of love, highlighting the consequences of pursuing one’s desires at all costs. Bronte portrays the dark side of human nature, showing how obsession and revenge can cloud one’s judgment and lead to devastating outcomes.The narrative culminates in the tragic deaths of Heathcliff and Catherine, eventually leading to a glimmer of hope as the next generation finds love and begins to break free from the destructive cycle that haunted their predecessors.Wuthering Heights is a timeless masterpiece that delves into the depths of human emotions, presenting a haunting portrayal of love, passion, and revenge. It is a story that challenges societal norms and delves into the complexities of human relationships, leaving readers with a profound and lasting impression.。
呼啸山庄英文简介IntroductionWuthering Heights, written by Emily Bronte, is a classic English novel. Published in 1847, it is a powerful and haunting story of love, obsession, revenge, and the destructive nature of human relationships. Set in the desolate moors of Yorkshire, England, the novel explores the dark side of human nature and challenges societal norms.SummaryThe novel tells the story of the Earnshaw and Linton families, who reside in two neighboring houses—Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The narrative is presented through the eyes of Mr. Lockwood, a Londoner who rents Thrushcross Grange and becomes intrigued by the mysterious history of Wuthering Heights.Heathcliff, a brooding and enigmatic character, is the central figure in the novel. Taken in by Mr. Earnshaw as a young boy, Heathcliff is treated as an outsider by his adopted family. Despite his strong bond with Catherine Earnshaw, his childhood friend and love interest, he suffers constant abuse and disrespect from her brother Hindley. This mistreatment fuels his desire for revenge as he grows older.After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Hindley becomes the master of Wuthering Heights and makes Heathcliff work as a servant. Catherine, torn between her love for Heathcliff and her desire for a more socially acceptable life, marries Edgar Linton of Thrushcross Grange. This angers Heathcliff and sets in motion a series of events that will ultimately lead to tragedy.ThemesWuthering Heights delves into various themes that were considered taboo during the Victorian era. One of the main themes is the destructive power of love and obsession. The intense relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine portrays a passionate and tumultuous love that ultimately leads to their downfall.The theme of social class is also prevalent in the n ovel. Heathcliff’s lowly background and lack of social status serve as a constant source of resentment and fuel his desire for revenge against those who have treated him poorly. Emily Bronte explores the rigid social hierarchies of the time and the consequences of crossing societal boundaries.Additionally, the novel explores themes of nature versus civilization, the supernatural, and the cyclical nature of life and death.Literary StyleEmily Bronte’s writing style in Wuthering Heights is characterized by its Gothic elements and vivid descriptions of the natural surroundings. The dark and atmospheric setting of the moors reflects the tumultuous emotions and conflicts within the characters.The novel is narrated through a complex structure of multiple narrators and flashbacks. This narrative technique adds depth and complexity to the story, allowing the readers to gain different perspectives and interpretations of events.Legacy and Critical ReceptionAlthough Wuthering Heights received mixed reviews upon its publication, it has since gained recognition as a literary masterpiece. It is celebrated for its unconventional storytelling, complex characters, and exploration of controversial themes. The novel has inspired numerous adaptations in film, television, and theatre, cementing its enduring legacy in the literary world.ConclusionWuthering Heights is a timeless classic that continues to captivate readers with its dark and passionate tale. Emily Bronte’s exploration of love, revenge, and the human psyche pushes the boundaries of societal norms and leaves a lasting impact on its audience. Whether you are drawn to its haunting atmosphere or its complex characters, Wuthering Heights offers a mesmerizing journey into the depths of human emotions.。
呼啸山庄故事梗概英文短## Summary of Wuthering Heights.English Answer:Wuthering Heights is an 1847 novel by Emily Brontë. The novel tells the story of Heathcliff, a mysterious and vengeful orphan who is adopted by Mr. Earnshaw and brought to live at Wuthering Heights, a desolate moorland house. As Heathcliff grows up, he falls in love with Earnshaw's daughter, Catherine, but their relationship is forbidden by her brother, Hindley. After Earnshaw's death, Hindley abuses Heathcliff and Catherine, eventually driving Heathcliff away. Catherine later marries Edgar Linton, a wealthy and kind-hearted man, but she dies after giving birth to their daughter, Cathy. Heathcliff returns to Wuthering Heights and begins his revenge on those who have wronged him. He marries Hindley's widow, Isabella, and uses her as a pawn to torment Hindley. He also takes over Wuthering Heights and makes Edgar's life miserable. AfterEdgar's death, Heathcliff kidnaps Cathy and forces her to marry his son, Linton. Heathcliff dies shortly after, haunted by the ghosts of Catherine and Edgar. The novelends with Cathy and Hareton, Heathcliff's illegitimate son, finding peace and happiness together at Wuthering Heights.中文回答：呼啸山庄是艾米莉·勃朗特于 1847 年创作的一部小说。
《呼啸山庄》英文简介《Wuthering Heights》是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特创作的一部经典小说，发表于1847年。
这部作品以独特的叙事手法、深刻的人物刻画和复杂的情感纠葛，成为世界文学宝库中的瑰宝。
故事背景设定在19世纪的英国约克郡，讲述了凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间跨越生死的爱情故事。
凯瑟琳出生于富裕的恩肖家族，而希斯克利夫则是一个被恩肖家收养的孤儿。
两人从小一起长大，感情深厚。
然而，随着时间的推移，社会地位和家族恩怨成为他们爱情的绊脚石。
在种种磨难中，他们的爱情逐渐演变成一场悲剧。
《Wuthering Heights》采用倒叙和嵌套叙事的方式，通过多位叙述者揭开故事的面纱。
小说分为三部分，分别讲述了凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫的爱情、凯瑟琳的女儿凯西的成长，以及最终家族命运的归宿。
这部作品在文学史上具有重要地位，不仅因其独特的叙事结构，还因为其对人性的深刻剖析。
艾米莉·勃朗特通过《呼啸山庄》，展现了人性的善与恶、爱与恨、欲望与复仇，让读者在感慨万千的同时，也对人生和命运产生深刻的思考。
《Wuthering Heights》不仅仅是一个关于爱情的故事，它更是一部探讨人性深处的黑暗与光明的小说。
在这部作品中，艾米莉·勃朗特以其独特的笔触，描绘了呼啸山庄与画眉田庄两个家族的恩怨情仇，以及它们所处的荒凉、狂野的约克郡荒原。
小说中的角色形象鲜明，各具特色。
希斯克利夫，这个被社会边缘化的角色，他的复仇心理和扭曲的爱情观，让人不寒而栗。
凯瑟琳，则是激情与矛盾的集合体，她的选择和命运，让人为之叹息。
而林肯·恩肖和伊莎贝拉·拉瑟福德等角色，也在故事中扮演着重要的角色，他们的命运交织在一起，共同构成了这部小说的悲欢离合。
《Wuthering Heights》的另一个亮点是其对自然环境的描绘。
勃朗特将荒原的狂野、变幻莫测与人物的情感紧密相连，使得自然景观成为了推动故事发展的一个重要因素。
呼啸山庄简介英文版Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights" is a wild, passionate tale of love and revenge set in the Yorkshire moors. It follows the tumultuous relationship between Heathcliff, an orphan adopted by the Earnshaw family, and Catherine, the daughter of the household. Their bond is as intense as the stormy landscape they call home.As a child, Heathcliff is bullied by Catherine's brother, Hindley, but Catherine herself sees something special in him. Their friendship deepens into a love that defies social norms and family expectations. However, when Catherine marries Edgar Linton, a wealthy and gentlemanly neighbor, Heathcliff is devastated.Driven by jealousy and rage, Heathcliff plots revenge against those who have wronged him. He rises from poverty to become a wealthy landowner, but his heart remains as cold and empty as the winter moors. He marries Isabella, Edgar's sister, in a calculated move to get closer to theLinton estate, but his cruelty towards her and her son Linton is unforgiving.Meanwhile, Catherine's spirit lingers in the halls of Wuthering Heights, unable to rest in peace. Her ghostly presence haunts Heathcliff, reminding him of the love they once shared. As the years pass, Heathcliff's vengeful heart begins to soften, and he realizes that true happiness cannot be found through revenge. But it's a bittersweet ending, as Catherine's spirit finally finds peace,。
呼啸山庄英语原文【最新版】目录1.呼啸山庄的概述2.呼啸山庄的英文原文3.呼啸山庄的作者与背景4.呼啸山庄的主题与意义正文【呼啸山庄的概述】《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特创作的一部长篇小说，是她唯一的一部小说作品。
该小说以山庄为背景，描述了两个家族之间的爱恨纠葛，以及他们在英国乡村生活的种种经历。
【呼啸山庄的英文原文】《呼啸山庄》的英文原名为 "Wuthering Heights"。
其中，"Wuthering" 是一个形容词，意为"狂风呼啸的"，而 "Heights" 则是指山庄所在的高地。
这个标题既点明了小说的背景环境，也象征了故事中的激情与冲突。
【呼啸山庄的作者与背景】艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Bront）是 19 世纪英国著名的作家之一，她与她的两个姐妹夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bront）和安妮·勃朗特（Anne Bront）被誉为“勃朗特三姐妹”。
《呼啸山庄》创作于 1847 年，是她的唯一一部小说作品。
艾米莉·勃朗特以山庄为背景，以独特的视角和深刻的心理描绘，展现了一幅英国乡村生活的画卷。
【呼啸山庄的主题与意义】《呼啸山庄》的主题是爱情与复仇。
小说通过讲述主人公希斯克利夫（Heathcliff）和凯瑟琳（Catherine）的爱情悲剧，以及他们家族间的仇恨纷争，揭示了人性的复杂与矛盾。
在爱情与复仇的冲突中，艾米莉·勃朗特向我们展示了一幅真实而残酷的生活画卷，让我们深刻体会到生命的无常与命运的无情。
同时，小说也通过对自然环境的描绘，表现了人与自然的关系，突显了人与自然之间的和谐与对抗。
呼啸山庄中英文双语介绍Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights），英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë）的小说，也是她唯一的一部小说，于1847年首度出版。
当时因为内容对人性丑恶的描写而遭致非议，被称为是一本“可怕而野蛮”的书，书中写尽了寂寥的荒野、偏僻的古堡、粗暴的爱情，气氛阴郁而浓厚，被当时人所不容。
但是随着时间的推移，这部小说逐渐的被主流社会所认同，并且被认为是勃朗特姐妹所有的作品中最为出色的一部。
艾米丽独特的气质，对世界的感悟，对荒原的依恋和描写，给这部小说增添了独特的审美意味，这是这部小说明显不同于维多利亚时代其他小说的原因。
其中也继承了象征、恐怖和神秘等哥特小说手法。
小说的背景是十八世纪英格兰北部的约克郡，呼啸山庄的主人、恩肖先生（Earnshaw）带回一个身分不明的吉普赛男孩，取名希斯克利夫（Heathcliff），这位小男孩夺去了主人对小主人亨德利（Hindley）和他妹妹凯瑟琳（Catherine）的宠爱。
主人恩肖死后，亨德利从外地娶回一女子(法兰西斯)，继承了山庄，为了报复，他把希斯克利夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是妹妹凯瑟琳却和他产生了爱情，希斯克利夫天性倔强，性格敏感而多疑，两人之间却又存在着激烈的冲突。
后来，凯瑟琳受外界影响，改而爱上有钱、成熟的画眉庄园的青年埃德加·林顿（Edgar Linton）。
使希斯克利夫在暴风雨之夜愤而出走，三年后再出现时，已经是一名富商，他的出现造成呼啸山庄诡异的气氛，希斯克利夫的爱变得偏激，他不但想报复凯瑟琳，还不放过她身边的每一个人，他用赌博赢得了山庄，亨德利成为他的仆人，亨德利最后死得不明不白，儿子哈里顿则成了奴仆。
他还故意娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉（Isabella）为妻，造成兄妹失和，并施以迫害。
埃德加反对凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫继续来往，这使得凯瑟琳越来越忧郁，内心痛苦不堪的凯瑟琳在生产中死去。
Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety. The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted. And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters. As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Today, Wuthering Heights has a secure position in the canon of world literature, and Emily Brontëis revered as one of the finest writers—male or female—of the nineteenth century. Like Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights is based partly on the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century, a style of literature that featured supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effects of mystery and fear. But Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety. The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains un exhausted. And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters. As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Analysis of Major CharactersHeathcliffWuthering Heights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his “black eyes” withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood’s approach. Nelly’s story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in the novel.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for readers to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him. The novel teases the reader with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems—that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff’s character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving. One hundred years before Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights, the notion that “a reformed rake makes the best husband” was already a cliché of romantic literature, and romance novels center around the same cliché to this day.However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more. Critic Joyce Carol Oates argues that Emily Brontë does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff’s gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero.It is significant that Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool. When Brontë composed her book, in the 1840s, the English economy was severely depressed, and the conditions of the factory workers in industrial areas like Liverpool were so appalling that the upper and middle classes feared violent revolt. Thus, many of the more affluent members of society beheld these workers with a mixture of sympathy and fear. In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” Heathcliff, of course, is frequently compa red to a demon by the other characters in the book.Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book’s upper- and middle-class audience had about the working classes. The reader may easily sympathize with him when he is powerless, as a child tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw, but he becomes a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman. This corresponds with the ambivalence the upper classes felt toward the lower classes—the upper classes had charitable impulses toward lower-class citizens when they were miserable, but feared the prospect of the lower classes trying to escape their miserable circumstances by acquiring political, social, cultural, or economic power.CatherineThe location of Catherine’s coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life. She is not buried in the chapel with the Lintons. Nor is her coffin placed among the tombs of the Earnshaws. Instead, as Nelly describes in Chap ter XVI, Catherine is buried “in a corner of the kirkyard, where the wall is so low that heath and bilberry plants have climbed over it from the moor.” Moreover, she is buried with Edgar on one side and Heathcliff on the other, suggesting her conflicted loyalties. Her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons’, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar. However, she is also motivated by impulses that prompt her to violate social conventions—to love Heathcliff, throw temper tantrums, and run around on the moor.EdgarJust as Isabella Linton serves as Catherine’s foil, Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliff’s. Edgar is born and raised a gentleman. He is graceful, well-mannered, and instilled with civilized virtues. These qualities cause Catherine to choose Edgar over Heathcliff and thus to initiate the contention between the men. Nevertheless, Edgar’s gentlemanly qualities ultimately prove useless in his ensuing rivalry with Heathcliff. Edgar is particularly humiliated by his confrontation with Heathcliff in Chapter XI, in which he openly shows his fear of fighting Heathcliff. Catherine, having witnessed the scene, taunts him, saying, “Heathcliff would as soon lift a finger at you as the king would march his army against a colony of mice.” As the reader can see from the earliest descriptions of Edgar as a spoiled child, his refinement is tied to his helplessness and impotence.Charlotte Brontë, in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as “an example of constancy and tenderness,” and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe. However, Charlotte’s reading seems influenced by her own feminist agenda. Edgar’s inability to counter Heathcliff’s vengeance, and his naïve belief on his deathbed in his daughter’s safety and happiness, make him a weak, if sympathetic, characterThemes, MotifsThemesThemes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.Moreover, Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical. Catherine declares, famously, “I am Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine. Their love denies difference, and is strangely asexual. The two do not kiss in dark corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do. Given that Catherine and Heathcliff’s lo ve is based upon their refusal to change over time or embrace difference in others, it is fitting that the disastrous problems of their generation are overcome not by some climactic reversal, but simply by the inexorable passage of time, and the rise of a new and distinct generation. Ultimately, Wuthering Heights presents a vision of life as a process of change, and celebrates this process over and against the romantic intensity of its principalcharacters.As members of the gentry, the Earnshaws and the Lintons occupy a somewhat precarious place within the hierarchy of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century British society. At the top of British society was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population. Although the gentry, or upper middle class, possessed servants and often large estates, they held a nonetheless fragile social position. The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official titles. Members of the gentry, however, held no titles, and their status was thus subject to change. A man might see himself as a gentleman but find, to his embarrassment, that his neighbors did not share this view. A discussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.Considerations of class status often crucially inform the characters’ motivations in Wuthering Heights. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar so that she will be “the greatest woman of the neighborhood” is only the mo st obvious example. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry status but nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors. The Earnshaws, on the other hand, rest on much shakier ground socially. They do not have a carriage, they have less land, and their house, as Lockwood remarks with great puzzlement, resembles that of a “homely, northern farmer” and not that of a gentleman. The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff’s trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in “dress and manners”).。
呼啸山庄英文内容简介Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontë's only novel. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, and a posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The name of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors on which the story centres (as an adjective, wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tells the tale of the all-encompassing and passionate, yet thwarted, love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and many around them. Now considered a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights' innovative structure, which has been likened to a series of Matryoshka dolls,[citation needed] met with mixed reviews by critics when it first appeared, with many horrified by the stark depictions of mental and physical cruelty.[1][2] Though Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre was originally considered the best of the Brontë sisters' works, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that its originality and achievement made it superior.[3] Wuthering Heights has also given rise to many adaptations and inspired works, including films, radio, television dramatisations, amusical by Bernard J. Taylor and songs (notably the hit Wuthering Heights by Kate Bush), ballet and opera. Contents1 Plot summary 2 Characters 3 Timeline 4 Local background 5 Literary allusions 5.1 Gothic and supernatural elements 6 Allusions/references in literature 7 Film, TV or theatrical adaptations 7.1 New versions 8 Musical allusions and adaptations 8.1 Opera 8.2 Other 9 References 10 External links Plot summary The narrative is non-linear, involving several flashbacks, and involves two narrators - Mr. Lockwood and Ellen "Nelly" Dean. The novel opens in 1801, with Lockwood arriving at Thrushcross Grange, a grand house on the Yorkshire moors he is renting from the surly Heathcliff, who lives at nearby Wuthering Heights. Lockwood spends the night at Wuthering Heights and has a terrifying dream: the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw, pleading to be admitted to the house from outside. Intrigued, Lockwood asks the housekeeper Nelly Dean to tell the story of Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights while he is staying at the Grange recovering from a cold. Nelly takes over the narration and begins her story thirty years earlier, when Heathcliff, a foundling living on the streets of Liverpool, is brought to Wuthering Heights by the then-owner, Mr. Earnshaw,and raised as his own. Ellen comments casually that Heathcliff might have been descended from Indian or Chinese origins[4]. He is often described as "dark" or "gypsy". Earnshaw's daughter Catherine becomes Heathcliff's inseparable friend. Her brother Hindley, however, resents Heathcliff, seeing him as an interloper and rival. Mr. Earnshaw dies three years later, and Hindley (who has married a woman named Frances) takes over the estate. He brutalises Heathcliff, forcing him to work as a hired hand. Catherine becomes friends with a neighbour family, the Lintons of Thrushcross Grange, who mellow her initially wild personality. She is especially attached to the refined and mild young Edgar Linton, whom Heathcliff instantly dislikes. A year later, Hindley's wife dies, apparently of consumption, shortly after giving birth to a son, Hareton; Hindley takes to drink. Some two years after that, Catherine agrees to marry Edgar. Nelly knows that this will crush Heathcliff, and Heathcliff overhears Catherine's explanation that it would be "degrading" to marry him. Heathcliff storms out and leaves Wuthering Heights, not hearing Catherine's continuing declarations that Heathcliff is as much a part of her as the rocks are to the earth beneath. Catherine marries Edgar, and is initially very happy.Some time later, Heathcliff returns, intent on destroying those who prevent him from being with Catherine. He has, mysteriously, become very wealthy. Through loans he has made to the drunken and dissipated Hindley that Hindley cannot repay, he takes ownership of Wuthering Heights upon Hindley's death. Intent on ruining Edgar, Heathcliff elopes with Edgar's sister Isabella, which places him in a position to inherit Thrushcross Grange upon Edgar's death. Catherine becomes very ill after Heathcliff's return and dies a few hours after giving birth to a daughter also named Catherine, or Cathy. Heathcliff becomes only more bitter and vengeful. Isabella flees her abusive marriage a month later, and subsequently gives birth to a boy, Linton. At around the same time, Hindley dies. Heathcliff takes ownership of Wuthering Heights, and vows to raise Hindley's son Hareton with as much neglect as he had suffered at Hindley's hands years earlier. Twelve years later, the dying Isabella asks Edgar to raise her and Heathcliff's son, Linton. However, Heathcliff finds out about this and takes the sickly, spoiled child to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff has nothing but contempt for his son, but delights in the idea of him ruling the property of his enemies. To that end, a few years later, Heathcliffattempts to persuade young Cathy to marry Linton. Cathy refuses, so Heathcliff kidnaps her and forces the two to marry. Soon after, Edgar Linton dies, followed shortly by Linton Heathcliff. This leaves Cathy a widow and a virtual prisoner at Wuthering Heights, as Heathcliff has gained complete control of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It is at this point in the narrative that Lockwood arrives, taking possession of Thrushcross Grange, and hearing Nelly Dean's story. Shocked, Lockwood leaves for London. During his absence from the area, however, events reach a climax that Nelly describes when he returns a year later. Cathy gradually softens toward her rough, uneducated cousin Hareton, just as her mother was tender towards Heathcliff. When Heathcliff is confronted by Cathy and Hareton's love, notably Hareton's determination to protect the defiant Cathy from Heathcliff's attack, he seems to suffer a mental break from reality and sees Catherine's ghost. He abandons his life-long vendetta and dies broken and tormented, but glad to be rejoining Catherine. Cathy and Hareton marry. Heathcliff is buried next to Catherine (the elder), and the story concludes with Lockwood visiting the grave, unsure of what to feel. Characters Heathcliff is the central male character of thenovel. A foundling raised by the Earnshaw family, he forms a bond with his foster sister Catherine Earnshaw and they share a passionate love, but it is founded on their sameness, of being different halves of the same soul, rather than just a romance or some physical attraction. Meanwhile he nurses a bitter rivalry with his foster brother Hindley, who resents the partiality his father shows Heathcliff and is cruel to him after his father's death. The only time he truly showed love or emotion was when it had to do with Cathy. He runs away from the heights when he is approximately sixteen (his age is unknown but he looks slightly older than Cathy) and returns three years later, having mysteriously made his fortune, education and refinement. He is a brooding, vindictive man, and his anger and bitterness at Catherine's later marriage to their neighbor Edgar Linton sees him engage in a ruthless vendetta to destroy not only his enemies but their heirs, a crusade that only intensifies upon Catherine's death. Catherine Earnshaw is Heathcliff's foster sister. She has dark brown eyes which are characteristic of her family. A free-spirited, wild, passionate, and somewhat spoiled young woman, she returns Heathcliff's love entirely, but because Heathcliff had been made so low that if she married them theywould become beggars, instead she chooses another, Edgar Linton, through which marriage she hopes to help Heathcliff and bring him back to the standing he would have had. Heathcliff leaves the Heights after overhearing that it would degrade her to marry him, and because of this she throws herself into a violent fit and is ill for a while. When Edgar asks her to marry him she is about fifteen; they are married three years after Edgar's father's death when she is about eighteen, presumably when Edgar comes into his inheritance. When Heathcliff returns after those same three years she renews their friendship, which makes Edgar unhappy. Always on the edge of madness, her physical and mental health are destroyed by the feud between them, and she descends into prophetic madness before dying in an angelic state shortly after childbirth at about nineteen. Edgar Linton is a childhood friend of Catherine Earnshaw's who later marries her. His fair appearance, blonde hair and blue eyes, contrasts with Heathcliff's dark appearance. A mild and gentle man, if slightly cowardly and distant, he loves Catherine deeply but is unable to reconcile his love for her with her feelings for her childhood friend Heathcliff. This leads to a bitter antagonism with Heathcliff, and it is partly this which leads to Catherine'sbreakdown. He is well-mannered and gentlemanly but always remains something of a spoiled child. He is too afraid to fight Heathcliff and shows fear at the prospect, earning both Cathy's scorn and solidifying Heathcliff's contempt. Linton is incapable of competing with Heathcliff's guile and ruthless determination across the decades, and his health fails him while still a relatively young man. Isabella Linton is the younger sister of Edgar who becomes infatuated with Heathcliff. She fundamentally mistakes his true nature and elopes with him despite his apparent dislike of her. Her love for him turns to hatred almost immediately, as she is ill treated both physically and emotionally and held captive against her will. When Heathcliff returns from the Grange after Cathy's death she taunts him and he responds by trying to attack her, but Hindley interferes and she escapes the Heights. She leaves for London after visiting Nelly at the Grange and gives birth to their son Linton Heathcliff about seven months later, whom she attempts to raise away from Heathcliff's corrupting influence. Hindley Earnshaw is Catherine's brother and Heathcliff's other rival. Having loathed Heathcliff since childhood, Hindley delights in turning him into a rough servant upon inheriting WutheringHeights, making him work the fields. However, his wife's death from consumption destroys him; he becomes a self-destructive alcoholic and gambler and it is this that allows Heathcliff, upon returning to Wuthering Heights, to turn the tables and to buy the mortgage to Wuthering Heights which Hindley created because of his gambling debts, and to become its owner. Northern Yorkshire. In the foreground heaths. Ellen (Nelly) Dean is, at various points, the housekeeper of both Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights, and is the primary narrator of the novel, told through M. Lockwood's journal entries. She is Hindley's, Heathcliff's and Cathy's foster-sister and servant, and is the same age as Hindley, seven years older than Cathy. Heathcliff genuinely likes her and is always glad to see her. She recognizes early on that Heathcliff is Catherine's true love and tries to dissuade her from the disastrous marriage to Edgar. Having been a disapproving witness and unwilling participant to many of the events between Heathcliff and both the Earnshaw and Linton families for much of her life, she narrates the story to Lockwood during his illness at the Grange. It is presumed that she never married as she keeps the name Dean throughout her life. It could be considered that she is the true hero of the story, and withouther many of the events in the story would never have taken place; however, she is not the primary protagonist. Linton Heathcliff is the son of Isabella and Heathcliff. He bears no physical resemblance to Heathcliff whatsoever and takes after his mother completely, with big soft blue eyes, fair golden hair, and slightly effeminate in appearance. However he has a certain petulance, cruelty and selfishness, and exploits his ill health to get attention from others. He is a sickly child who grows up ignorant of his father until his mother's death when he is thirteen years old. He is forced to live at Wuthering Heights and grows into a bullied, trembling shadow of his father. Heathcliff arranges for him to marry his cousin Catherine Linton so that he may inherit both the estates of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. He dies shortly after entering into the forced marriage. Catherine Linton is the daughter of Catherine Earnshaw and Edgar Linton. She inherits both her mother's free-spiritedness and dark eyes and her father's gentle nature, facial features and fair hair. Heathcliff takes advantage of her fundamental innocence and manipulates her into marrying his own son, Linton. She has a strong affection for Linton despite her father's and Nelly's attempts to keep her out of the reach ofHeathcliff's machinations, and never wavers in her friendship to him. Unaware of Linton's failing health, she is manipulated into traveling to the Heights, where Heathcliff forces her to remain and marry his son before she returns home to her father, who is dying as well. Once she has become a captive of Wuthering Heights Heathcliff resorts to the same torture he applies to everyone against whom he bears a grudge; he is also violent towards her and cannot stand to have her in the same room with him. As a result, she becomes harpyish and unfriendly. When Nelly is allowed to move to the Heights she helps Catherine return back to her true nature and kindness. She later falls in love with her cousin, Hareton Earnshaw. Hareton Earnshaw is the son of Hindley Earnshaw, who is adopted by Heathcliff upon Hindley's death. He is described as a handsome rustic with the dark Earnshaw eyes, and bears a likeness to his aunt and father. Heathcliff once saved his life; he caught him when Hindley accidentally drops him off the banister of the staircase; however he regretted the act. Heathcliff spitefully turns Hareton into an illiterate servant and has him work the fields, much as Hindley once did to him. Despite this, Hareton remains strangely loyal to him, and considers him his father. Quick tempered and easilyembarrassed, he falls in love with Catherine Linton early on, and despite her contempt for him is thus inspired to improve himself. He is the only person who mourns Heathcliff upon his death. Joseph is a servant of the Earnshaws and later Heathcliff. A bullying, lazy and snide man, he hates Heathcliff but is bound to serve Wuthering Heights and the sense of duty he feels to Hareton, who he calls the true master. Intensely religious, he is sanctimonious, self-righteous and largely held in contempt by those around him. He speaks in the traditional West Yorkshire dialect. This dialect was still used in the Haworth area up until the late 1970s, but there are now only portions of it still in common use.[5] Lockwood is the narrator of the novel. A newly-arrived tenant at Thrushcross Grange at the beginning of the novel, he is intrigued by the curious goings-on at Wuthering Heights, and persuades Nelly Dean to tell him the story of what happened during a bout of sickness. Lockwood is apparently a wealthy, relatively young man who comes to regret not approaching the younger Catherine Linton himself. Despite having a reserved manner and somewhat lofty ideals of himself, he is also a sensitive and romantic soul who is deeply affected by the saga of Heathcliff and Catherine. It is inferred that helives in London and returns there after his stay at the Grange. Frances Earnshaw is the wife that Hindley married while away at college. The fact that he did not tell his father suggests that Frances is not of high social standing. From her introduction she proves to be a kind woman to Nelly and Cathy but follows Hindley's example and dislikes Heathcliff. While Hareton is an infant she dies from consumption, or tuberculosis, a fate shared by most of the Brontë sisters. She had shown symptoms of her illness ever since Hindley brought her to Wuthering Heights, but at that time Nelly did not know what to make of her violent bloody coughs and fear of dying. Mr. Kenneth, the local doctor and drinking partner of Hindley. Kenneth often sees to the ill or dead characters: Cathy in her madnesses, Frances during childbirth and TB, Heathcliff and his early illness, Edgar's final hours, and Hindley's death. Nelly tells Heathcliff that he should send for Kenneth to tend to his ill son, but does not tell him that Heathcliff's death is suicide by starvation. He also reports to Nelly that he saw Isabella leaving with Heathcliff. Timeline 1757 Hindley born (Summer); Nelly born 1762 Edgar Linton born 1764 Heathcliff born 1765 Catherine Earnshaw born (Summer); Isabella Linton born (late 1765) 1771 Heathcliff isbrought to Wuthering Heights by Mr Earnshaw (late summer) 1773 Mrs Earnshaw dies (Spring) 1774 Hindley is sent off to college 1777 Hindley marries Frances; Mr Earnshaw dies (October); Hindley comes back (October); Heathcliff and Catherine visit Thrushcross Grange, Catherine remains behind (November), then returns to Wuthering Heights (Christmas Eve). 1778 Hareton is born (June); Frances dies 1780 Heathcliff runs away from Wuthering Heights; Mr and Mrs Linton both die 1783 Catherine marries Edgar (March); Heathcliff comes back (September) 1784 Heathcliff marries Isabella (February); Catherine dies and Cathy is born (20 March); Hindley dies; Linton is born (September) 1797 Isabella dies; Cathy visits Wuthering Heights and meets Hareton; Linton is brought to Thrushcross Grange and is then taken to Wuthering Heights 1800 Cathy meets Heathcliff and sees Linton again (20 March) 1801 Cathy and Linton are married (August); Edgar dies (August); Linton dies (September); Mr Lockwood goes to Thrushcross Grange and visits Wuthering Heights, beginning his narrative 1802 Mr Lockwood goes back to London (January); Heathcliff dies (April); Mr Lockwood comes back to Thrushcross Grange (September) 1803 Cathy plans to marryHareton (1 January) Local background Though tourists are often told that Top Withens, a ruined farmhouse, near the Haworth Parsonage (Bronte Parsonage Museum), is the model for Wuthering Heights, it seems more likely that the now demolished High Sunderland Hall, near Halifax was the partial model for the building. This Gothic edifice, near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a schoolmistress in 1838, had grotesque embellishments of griffins and misshapen nude men similar to those described by Lockwood of Wuthering Heights in chapter one of the novel: "Before passing the threshold, I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the front, and especially about the principal door, above which, among a wilderness of crumbling griffins and shameless little boys, I detected the date "1500"". The originals of Thrushcross Grange have been traditionally connected to Ponden Hall near Haworth (although it is far too small) and, more likely, Shibden Hall, near Halifax.[6][7] A feud centred around Walterclough Hall is also said to have been one inspiration for the story along with the story of Emily's grandfather, Hugh Brunty. Literary allusions Traditionally, this novel has been seen as a unique piece of work written by a woman confined to the lonesomeheath, detached from the literary movements of the time. However, Emily Brontëreceived literary training at the Pensionnat Héger in Brussels by imitating and analysing the styles of classic writers. She also learned German, and was able to read the German Romantics in the original. The work of Lord Byron was also admired by all three Brontësisters. The brother-sister relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy is reminiscent of the brother-sister couples in Byron's epics. The character of Heathcliff is reminiscent of the Byronic hero. Gothic and supernatural elements The novel contains many Gothic and supernatural elements. The mystery of Heathcliff's parentage is never solved. All film interpretations have failed in accurately depicting Heathcliff's appearance; He is described as "a dark skinned gypsy in appearance," with black hair and black eyes. It is assumed that he is a gypsy; there were, from what M. Earnshaw said, no people in the town who knew him or claimed him; he belonged to no one. /In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” [Sparknotes]/ He is described by Hindleyas an 'imp of Satan' in chapter four. Near the end of the novel Nelly Dean wonders if Heathcliff is a ghoul or vampire, but then remembers how they grew up together and dismisses the thought. The awesome but unseen presence of Satan is also alluded to at several points in the novel, and it is noted in chapter three that 'no clergyman will undertake the duties of pastor' at the local chapel, which has fallen into dereliction. Heathcliff is constantly described as a devil or demon by many different characters throughout the course of the book. His wife, Isabella Linton, asks Nelly if Heathcliff is a man at all, after she marries him and is exposed to his true nature. An important part of the novel is often overlooked and has never truly been conveyed in any film adaptation; Heathcliff and Cathy are two halves of the same soul, and are good and evil, angel and devil. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical. /Their love denies difference, and is strangely asexual. The two do not kiss in dark corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do. (Sparknotes)/ Cathy famously proclaims "I am Heathcliff!" In that same conversation with Nelly, she talks about a "dream" she had, where she was in heaven, but was very unhappy and wanted to be back on earth.The angels grew so angry with her that they cast her onto the heath and onto Wuthering Heights, and when she woke, she wept for joy. Cathy goes through a transformation in the book; during an argument with Edgar Linton she starts going crazy, biting and ripping the pillows and then lying still as though dead. She is ill for a period of time but never fully recovers; she asks Nelly "Why am I so changed?" Her angelic nature, previously frustrated, surfaces, but she cannot live for long afterwards. Nelly wonders often if she will get into heaven, becasue of her less than saintly life, but when she watches her on her death-bed she is filled with a wonderful feeling of calm and release, and is assured that she has entered heaven. While Cathy's soul is angelic, Heathcliff's is demonic. Heathcliff's long-lasting malevolence and gratuitous violence can only be explained by his being a demon incarnate. Moreover, Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine. Ghosts also play a role in the novel. Lockwood has a horrible vision of Catherine (the elder) as a child, appearing at the window of her old chamber at Wuthering Heights and begging to be allowed in. Heathcliff believes this story of Catherine's ghostly return, and late in the novel behavesas though he has seen her ghost himself. When Heathcliff dies, he is found in the bedroom with the window open, raising the possibility that Catherine's ghost entered Wuthering Heights just as Lockwood saw in his dream. At the end of the novel, Nelly Dean reports that various superstitious locals have claimed to see Catherine and Heathcliff's ghosts roaming the moors. Lockwood, however, discounts the idea of "unquiet slumbers for those sleepers in that quiet earth." Allusions/references in literature In Albert Camus' essay "The Rebel", Heathcliff is compared to a leader of the rebel forces. Both are driven by a sort of madness: one by misguided love, the other by oppression. Camus juxtaposes the concept of Heathcliff's reaction to Cathy with the reaction of a disenchanted rebel to the ideal he once held. Maryse Condé's novel Windward Heights adapted Wuthering Heights to be set in Guadaloupe and Cuba. In the novel Eclipse by Stephenie Meyer, several direct quotes from Wuthering Heights are used to compare the main character Bella Swan's relationship with Edward Cullen and Jacob Black with Cathy's situation with Heathcliff and Edgar. Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes both have poems titled Wuthering Heights. Ann Carson wrote a poem titled "The Glass Essay" in which arewoven multiple references to Wuthering Heights and the life of Emily Brontë. James Stoddard's novel The False House contains numerous references to Wuthering Heights. In the novel H: The Story of Heathcliff's Journey Back to Wuthering Heights' by Lin Haire-Sargeant tells the story of how Heathcliff discovers he is the son and heir of Edgar Fairfax Rochester and Bertha Mason (Jane Eyre). Jasper Fforde's Thursday Next novels often mention Heathcliff as the most tragic romantic hero. In Fforde's book The Well of Lost Plots, it is revealed that all the characters of Wuthering Heights are required to attend group anger management sessions. In the preface of his novel Le bleu du ciel, the French writer Georges Bataille states that, in his view, Wuthering Heights belongs to those rare works in literature written from an inner necessity. Alice Hoffman's "Here On Earth" is a modern version of Wuthering Heights.[citation needed] The novel Glennkill by German writer Leonie Swann, published in 2005, is in some way centred around Emily Brontë's novel, and is perhaps the main reason why said novel is set in Ireland.[citation needed] The book, as is revealed in the last pages, is being read to the sheep by the shepherd's daughter, and in a strange and dreamy way helps the main character of thenovel, a sheep-detective called Miss Maple, to guess the identity of the murderer. In Diane Setterfield's novel, The Thirteenth Tale (novel), Wuthering Heights is also frequently mentioned. The relationship between Charlie and Isabelle Angelfield parallels that of Heathcliff and Catherine in many ways. Michel Houellebecq's debut novel Extension du domaine de la lutte briefly mentions Wuthering Heights - "We're a long way from Wuthering Heights." -, arguing that as human relations are progressively fading away, then such tales of stormy passion are no longer possible.[8] Cara Lockwood's Wuthering High, is centered around a boarding school that is haunted by dead classic writers, Emily Brontëbeing one of them. Her novel is mentioned several times, and even her characters make some special appearances. Nomura Miduki's second book in the Bungakushoujo series, "Bungakushoujo" to Uekawaku Ghost (published in 2006) refers to and draws from Wuthering Heights heavily. The Japanese novelist Minae Mizumura's third and most recent work, A Real Novel, 2002, is a retelling of Wuthering Heights in post war Japan, featuring a half-Chinese, half-Japanese Heathcliff and an even more problematic Nelly. It re-enacts the history of modern Japanese literature by absorbingand transforming the Western classic into the Japanese literary context. In Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series, the main character, Bella Swan, is often seen with a battered copy of Wuthering Heights. Film, TV or theatrical adaptations 1920: the earliest version of Wuthering Heights is filmed in England, directed by A.V. Bramble. It is unknown if any prints still exist.[9] 1939: Wuthering Heights, starring Merle Oberon as Catherine Linton, Laurence Olivier as Heathcliff, David Niven as Edgar Linton, Flora Robson as Ellen Dean, Donald Crisp as Dr. Kenneth, Geraldine Fitzgerald as Isabella Linton and Leo G. Carroll as Joseph Earnshaw. The film was adapted by Charles MacArthur, Ben Hecht and John Huston. It was directed by William Wyler. The movie was nominated for the 1940 Academy Award for Best Picture. It did not depict the entire novel, portraying only half. In 1948 BBC Television staged a live 90-minute version of the novel. This was not recorded. A 1953 adaptation on BBC Television was scripted by Nigel Kneale, directed by Rudolph Cartier and starred Richard Todd as Heathcliff and Yvonne Mitchell as Catherine. This version does not survive in the BBC archives. According to Kneale, it was made simply because Todd had turned up at the BBC one day and said that he wanted。
If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it如果你还在这个世界存在着，那么这个世界无论什么样，对我都有是有意义的.但是如果你不在了，无论这个世界有多么好，他在我眼里也只是一片荒漠。
而我就像是一个狐魂野鬼。
--《呼啸山庄》《呼啸山庄》（“WutheringHeights”）的作者是英国十九世纪著名诗人和小说家艾米莉•勃朗特（EmilyBronte，1818－1848）。
这位女作家在世界上仅仅度过了三十年便默默无闻地离开了人间。
应该说，她首先是个诗人，写过一些极为深沉的抒情诗，包括叙事诗和短诗，有的已被选入英国十九世纪及二十世纪中二十二位第一流的诗人的诗选内。
然而她唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》却奠定了她在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位。
她与《简爱》（“JaneEyre”）的作者夏洛蒂•勃朗特（“CharlotteBronteD，1816—1855），和她们的小妹妹——《爱格尼斯•格雷》（“AgnesGrey”）的作者安•勃朗特（AnneBronteD，1820—1849）号称勃朗特三姊妹，在英国十九世纪文坛上焕发异彩。
特别是《简爱》和《呼啸山庄》，犹如一对颗粒不大却光彩夺目的猫儿眼宝石，世人在浏览十九世纪英国文学遗产时，不能不惊异地发现这是稀世珍物，而其中之一颗更是如此令人留恋赞叹，人们不禁惋惜这一位才华洋溢的姑娘，如果不是过早地逝世，将会留下多少璀璨的篇章来养育读者的心灵！艾米莉•勃朗特所生活的三十年间正是英国社会动荡的时代。
资本主义正在发展并越来越暴露它内在的缺陷；劳资之间矛盾尖锐化；失业工人的贫困；大量的童工被残酷地折磨至死（这从同时期的英国著名女诗人伊莉莎白•巴雷特•勃朗宁①的长诗《孩子们的哭声》，可以看到一些概貌）。
呼啸山庄英语原文摘要：1.呼啸山庄的概述2.呼啸山庄的英文原文3.呼啸山庄的作者与背景4.呼啸山庄的主题与意义5.呼啸山庄在我国的影响正文：1.呼啸山庄的概述《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特创作的一部长篇小说，是19 世纪英国文学的代表作之一。
该小说以山庄主人希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳、埃德加、林顿等人的爱情纠葛为主线，描绘了英国乡村社会的种种复杂关系，展现了人性的善恶与美丑。
2.呼啸山庄的英文原文《呼啸山庄》的英文原名为"Wuthering Heights"。
其中，"Wuthering" 是一个形容词，表示风吹过山庄发出的呼啸声，寓意着小说中人物命运的跌宕起伏。
"Heights" 则是指山庄所在的高地。
3.呼啸山庄的作者与背景艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Bront）是19 世纪英国著名的女作家之一，她与姐姐夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bront）和妹妹安妮·勃朗特（Anne Bront）共同被誉为“勃朗特三姐妹”。
《呼啸山庄》是她的唯一一部小说，创作于1847 年。
艾米莉·勃朗特以独特的叙事技巧和深刻的人性描绘，使得该小说成为英国文学史上的经典之作。
4.呼啸山庄的主题与意义《呼啸山庄》的主题涵盖了爱情、复仇、家庭、社会等多个层面。
小说通过希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧，表现了爱情在面对现实与命运时的无奈与挣扎；通过希斯克利夫对林顿家族的复仇，揭示了人性的复杂与矛盾。
同时，小说也反映了当时英国乡村社会的伦理观念、阶级矛盾等问题。
5.呼啸山庄在我国的影响《呼啸山庄》在我国的影响深远。
自20 世纪初开始，该小说便被译成中文，并多次再版。
许多读者被其独特的故事情节和深刻的人性描绘所吸引，对小说中的人物和情节产生了强烈的共鸣。
Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights），英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë）的小说，也是她唯一的一部小说，于1847年首度出版。
当时因为内容对人性丑恶的描写而遭致非议，被称为是一本“可怕而野蛮”的书，书中写尽了寂寥的荒野、偏僻的古堡、粗暴的爱情，气氛阴郁而浓厚，被当时人所不容。
但是随着时间的推移，这部小说逐渐的被主流社会所认同，并且被认为是勃朗特姐妹所有的作品中最为出色的一部。
艾米丽独特的气质，对世界的感悟，对荒原的依恋和描写，给这部小说增添了独特的审美意味，这是这部小说明显不同于维多利亚时代其他小说的原因。
其中也继承了象征、恐怖和神秘等哥特小说手法。
小说的背景是十八世纪英格兰北部的约克郡，呼啸山庄的主人、恩肖先生（Earnshaw）带回一个身分不明的吉普赛男孩，取名希斯克利夫（Heathcliff），这位小男孩夺去了主人对小主人亨德利（Hindley）和他妹妹凯瑟琳（Catherine）的宠爱。
主人恩肖死后，亨德利从外地娶回一女子(法兰西斯)，继承了山庄，为了报复，他把希斯克利夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是妹妹凯瑟琳却和他产生了爱情，希斯克利夫天性倔强，性格敏感而多疑，两人之间却又存在着激烈的冲突。
后来，凯瑟琳受外界影响，改而爱上有钱、成熟的画眉庄园的青年埃德加·林顿（Edgar Linton）。
使希斯克利夫在暴风雨之夜愤而出走，三年后再出现时，已经是一名富商，他的出现造成呼啸山庄诡异的气氛，希斯克利夫的爱变得偏激，他不但想报复凯瑟琳，还不放过她身边的每一个人，他用赌博赢得了山庄，亨德利成为他的仆人，亨德利最后死得不明不白，儿子哈里顿则成了奴仆。
他还故意娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉（Isabella）为妻，造成兄妹失和，并施以迫害。
埃德加反对凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫继续来往，这使得凯瑟琳越来越忧郁，内心痛苦不堪的凯瑟琳在生产中死去。
篇一：吼叫山庄(hū xiào shān zhuānɡ)中英文双语介绍Wuthering Heights?吼叫山庄?〔Wuthering Heights〕，英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特〔Emily Bront?〕的小说，也是她唯一的一部小说，于1847年首度出版。
当时因为内容对人性丑恶的描写而遭致非议，被称为是一本“可怕而野蛮〞的书，书中写尽了寂寥的荒野、偏僻的古堡、粗暴的爱情(àiqíng)，气氛阴郁而浓重，被当时人所不容。
但是随着时间的推移，这部小说逐渐的被主流社会所认同，并且被认为是勃朗特姐妹所有的作品中最为出色的一部。
艾米丽独特的气质，对世界的感悟，对荒原的依恋和描写，给这部小说增添了独特的审美意味，这是这部小说明显不同于维多利亚时代其他小说的原因。
其中也继承了象征、恐惧和神秘等哥特小说手法。
小说的背景是十八世纪英格兰北部的约克郡，吼叫山庄的主人、恩肖先生〔Earnshaw〕带回一个身分不明的吉普赛男孩，取名希斯克利夫〔Heathcliff〕，这位小男孩夺去了主人对小主人亨德利〔Hindley〕和他妹妹凯瑟琳〔Catherine〕的宠爱。
主人恩肖死后，亨德利从外地娶回一女子(法兰西斯)，继承了山庄，为了报复，他把希斯克利夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是妹妹凯瑟琳却和他产生了爱情，希斯克利夫天性倔强，性格敏感而多疑，两人之间却又存在着剧烈的冲突。
后来，凯瑟琳受外界影响，改而爱上有钱、成熟的画眉庄园的青年埃德加·林顿〔Edgar Linton〕。
使希斯克利夫在暴风雨之夜愤而出走，三年后再出现时，已经是一名富商，他的出现造成吼叫山庄诡异的气氛，希斯克利夫的爱变得偏激，他不但想报复凯瑟琳，还不放过她身边的每一个人，他用赌博赢得了山庄，亨德利成为他的仆人，亨德利最后死得不明不白，儿子哈里顿那么成了奴仆。
他还成心娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉〔Isabella〕为妻，造成兄妹失和，并施以迫害。
Wuthering HeightsOpening (chapters 1 to 3)In 1801, Mr Lockwood, a wealthy man from the south of England, rents Thrushcross Grange in the north for peace and recuperation. He visits his landlord, Mr Heathcliff, who lives in a remote moorland farmhouse, "Wuthering Heights", where he finds an odd assemblage: Heathcliff seems to be a gentleman, but his manners are uncouth; the reserved mistress of the house is in her mid-teens; and a young man seems to be a family member yet dresses and speaks like a servant.Snowed in, Lockwood is grudgingly allowed to stay and is shown to a bedchamber where he notices books and graffiti left by a former inhabitant named Catherine. He falls asleep and has a nightmare in which he sees the ghostly Catherine trying to enter through the window. He cries out in fear, rousing Heathcliff who rushes to the room. Lockwood is convinced that what he saw was real. Heathcliff, believing Lockwood to be right, examines the window and opens it hoping to allow Catherine's spirit to enter. When nothing happens, Heathcliff shows Lockwood to his own bedroom and returns to keep watch at the window.At sunrise, Heathcliff escorts Lockwood back to Thrushcross Grange. Lockwood asks the housekeeper, Nelly Dean, about the family at Wuthering Heights, and she tells him the tale.Heathcliff's childhood (chapters 4 to 17)Thirty years earlier, Wuthering Heights is occupied by Mr Earnshaw, his teenage son Hindley and his daughter Catherine. On a trip to Liverpool, Earnshaw encounters a homeless boy described as "dark-skinned gypsy in aspect". He adopts the boy and names him Heathcliff. Hindley feels that Heathcliff has supplanted him in his father's affections and becomes bitterly jealous. Catherine and Heathcliff become friends and spend hours each day playing on the moors. They grow close.Hindley is sent to college. Three years later, Earnshaw dies and Hindley becomes the master of Wuthering Heights. He returns to live there with his new wife, Frances. He allows Heathcliff to stay but only as a servant.A few months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine walk to Thrushcross Grange to spy on the Lintons who are living there. After being discovered, they try to run away but are caught. Catherine is injured by the Lintons' dog and taken into the house to recuperate while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine stays with the Lintons and is influenced by their fine appearance and genteel manners. When she returns to Wuthering Heights, her appearance and manners are more ladylike and she laughs at Heathcliff's unkempt appearance. The next day, knowing that the Lintons would visit, Heathcliff tries to dress up in an effort to impress Catherine, but he and Edgar Linton get into an argument and Hindley humiliates Heathcliff by locking him in the attic. Catherine tries to comfort Heathcliff, but he vows revenge on Hindley.The following year, Frances Earnshaw gives birth to a son, named Hareton, but dies a few months later. Hindley descends into drunkenness. Two more years pass and Catherine and Edgar Linton eventually become friends while she becomes more distant from Heathcliff. While Hindley is away, Edgar visits Catherine, and they declare themselves lovers soon after.Catherine confesses to Nelly that Edgar has proposed and she has accepted, although her love for Edgar is not comparable to her love for Heathcliff, whom she cannot marry because of his low social status and lack of education. She hopes to use her position as Edgar's wife to raise Heathcliff's standing. Heathcliff overhears her say it would 'degrade' her to marry him (but not how much she loves him) and in despair runs away and disappears without a trace. Distraught by Heathcliff's departure, Catherine makes herself ill out of spite. Nelly and Edgar thus begin to pander to her every whim to prevent her from becoming ill again. Three years pass. Edgar and Catherine marry, and live together at Thrushcross Grange.Six months later, Heathcliff returns, now a wealthy gentleman. Catherine is delighted; Edgar is not. Edgar's sister, Isabella, soon falls in love with Heathcliff, who despises her but encourages the infatuation as a means of revenge. One day, he embraces Isabella, leading to an argument with Edgar. Upset, Catherine locks herself in her room, and begins to make herself ill again through spite and jealousy.Heathcliff takes up residence at Wuthering Heights, and spends his time gambling with Hindley and teaching Hareton bad habits. Hindley dissipates his wealth and mortgages the farmhouse to Heathcliff to pay his debts. Heathcliff elopes with Isabella Linton; two months later the couple returns to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and, with Nelly's help, visits her secretly. However, Catherine is pregnant, and the following day she gives birth to a daughter, Cathy, shortly before dying.After Catherine's funeral, Isabella leaves Heathcliff and takes refuge in the south of England. She too is pregnant, and gives birth to a son, Linton. Hindley dies six months after Catherine, and Heathcliff thus finds himself master of Wuthering Heights.Heathcliff's maturity (chapters 18 to 31)After twelve years, Catherine's daughter Cathy grows into a beautiful, high-spirited girl. Edgar learns his sister Isabella is dying, and so he leaves to retrieve her son Linton in order to adopt and educate him. Although Cathy rarely leaves the borders of the Grange, she takes advantage of her father's absence to venture farther afield. She rides over the moors to Wuthering Heights and discovers she has not one, but two cousins: Hareton in addition to Linton. She also lets it be known that her father has gone south to fetch Linton. When Edgar returns with Linton, a weak and sickly boy, Heathcliff insists that he live at Wuthering Heights.Three years pass. Walking on the moors, Nelly and Cathy encounter Heathcliff, who takes them to Wuthering Heights to see Linton and Hareton. Heathcliff hopes Linton and Cathy will marry, so that Linton becomes the heir to Thrushcross Grange.Linton and Cathy begin a secret friendship, echoing the childhood friendship between their respective parents, Heathcliff and Catherine.The following year, Edgar becomes very ill, taking a turn for the worse while Nelly and Cathy are out on the moors, where Heathcliff and Linton trick them into entering Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff keeps them captive to enable the marriage of Cathy and Linton to take place. After five days Ellen is released and later, with Linton's help, Cathy escapes. She returns to the Grange to see her father shortly before he dies.Now master of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, and Cathy's father-in-law, Heathcliff insists on her returning to live at Wuthering Heights and remaining there after Linton's death. Soon after she arrives, Linton dies. Hareton tries to be kind to Cathy, but she retreats and then withdraws from the world.At this point, Nelly's tale catches up to the present day. Time passes, and after being ill for a period Lockwood grows tired of the moors and informs Heathcliff that he will be leaving Wuthering Heights.Ending (chapters 32 to 34)Eight months later, Lockwood returns to the area by chance. Given that his tenancy at Thrushcross Grange is still valid, he decides to stay there again. He finds Nelly living at Wuthering Heights and enquires what has happened since he left.She explains that she moved to Wuthering Heights to replace the housekeeper, Zillah, who had left. Hareton had an accident and was confined to the farmhouse. During his convalescence, he and Cathy overcame their mutual antipathy and became close. While their friendship developed, Heathcliff began to act strangely and had visions of Catherine. He stopped eating and after four days was found dead in Catherine's old room. He was buried next to Catherine.Lockwood learns that Hareton and Cathy plan to marry on New Year's Day. As he readies to leave, he passes the graves of Catherine, Edgar, and Heathcliff, and pauses to contemplate the quiet of the moors.。
