The Subjunctive Mood_全(1)

Art Period 3 Grammar—theSubjunctive Mood(1)ArtPeriod3 Grammar—theSubjunctivemood整体设计教学内容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：thesubjunctivemood.IntheEnglishlanguageverbsareofte ndividedintothreedifferentmoods—theindicativemood，theimperativemoodandthesubjunctivemood.Theindicativ emoodisusedtoindicateafactorputforwardaviewpoint.Th eimperativemoodisusedtoexpressdirectcommandsorreque sts.Ittellsyoutodosomething.Itisalsousedtosignalapr ohibition，permissionoranyotherkindofexhortation.Thesubjunctiv emoodisusedtoexpressaconditionwhichisdoubtfulornotf actual.Itismostoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththew ord“if”．Itisalsofoundinnounclauses，followingaverbthatexpressesadoubt，awish，regret，request，demand，orproposal.Thefollowingareverbstypicallyfollowedbyc lauseswiththesubjunctivemood：ask，demand，determine，insist，move，order，prefer，recommend，regret，request，require，suggest，wish.Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartoftheusagesofthesu bjunctivemood，thatis，thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”andthatfollowingtheverb“wish”．三维目标设计knowledgeandskills．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureofthesubjun ctivemood.2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthesubjunctivemo od.3．Toenablethestudentstousethesubjunctivemoodcorrec tlyandproperly.Processandmethods．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodfromtherea dingpassageandtranslatethemintochinese.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusageso fsubjunctivemoodbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringuse fulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasterthesubjuncti vemood.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethesubjunctivemood.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructure sonPage43andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolid ation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarle arning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummar izing.教学重、难点．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusages ofthesubjunctivemood.2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectly.教学过程Step1 Revision．checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：那个项目花费了大量金钱。

Unit4 Fun with scienceGrammar and composition p48Subjunctive mood (I): Other casesA Exploring the rulesBelow is a story from a popular science magazine about Wilson Bentley, the "Snowflake Man" Find the sentences in the story that use the subjunctive mood and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.下面是一个关于威尔逊·本特利的故事，“雪花男”找到故事中使用虚拟语气的句子，然后填入下面的方框。

第一个已经为你做好了。

We might all know the saying "no two snowflakes are alike", but how many of us have heard of the "Snowflake Man", Wilson Bentley, the person who actually made this discovery? It is important that he be remembered for revolutionizing our understanding of these amazing crystal structures.Born in the snowy US state of Vermont in 1865, Bentley developed a strong fascination with snowflakes. He wished that he could capture their beauty on film. However, creating photos with fine details of each individual snowflake was by no means easy.After many failed attempts, he attached his camera to a microscope and set up his equipment outside, otherwise the snowflakes would have melted quickly. He worked in the freezing cold for hours at a time, carefully handling each snowflake with a feather, and photographing it with a 90-second exposure. Triumph was his when, in 1885, he successfully captured the world's first image of a single snowflake!Over the decades, Bentley photographed more than 5,000 snowflakes. Through many years of trial and error, he explored the secrets hidden from human eyes, as though he were digging up buried treasure. Eventually he discovered that no two snowflakes are ever exactly the same. Excited by what he saw, he stated, "Under the microscope, I found that snowflakes were miracles of beauty .. Every crystal was a masterpiece of design and no one design was ever repeated." In the hope of sharing his discoveries with the world, Bentley wrote the book Show Crystals, which featured over 2,400 breathtaking photographs of snowflakes.But for Bentley's tireless work, we would not know that every single snowflake is unique. We have the "Snowflake Man" to thank for this amazing insight into the natural world.我们可能都知道”没有两片雪花是一样的”但是我们中有多少人听说过”雪花男”Wilson Bentley 就是那个真正发现这个的人？他彻底改变了我们对这些惊人晶体结构的理解，这一点很重要。

虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)1.语气1.1语气（Mood）·谓语动词有“三大本领”，表示动作的时间（时Tense）、动作的状态（体Aspect）、动作的假设，情感等（式Mood）。

这里的“式（Mood）”又译作“语气”，是一种语法概念，并非我们说话中“温柔的，凶狠的，愤怒的语气”，千万别弄混。

英语动词语气最主要的是这三种语气：陈述语气(The Indictive Mood)祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)注：英语动词语气的数量有不同的说法，也有的语法体系会包含“疑问语气”，“条件语气”，“感叹语气”等。

本章会先略述陈述语气和祈使语气，再着重讲解虚拟语气。

1.2陈述语气(The Indictive Mood)陈述语气（现译作“陈述式”）就是描述现实：The rabbit ate the carrot. 这兔子吃了这胡萝卜。

He goes to church every Sunday. 他每周日去做礼拜。

也可以进行提问：Did the rabbit eat the carrot? 这兔子吃了这胡萝卜吗？Does he go to church every Sunday? 他每周日去做礼拜吗？（注：有的语法体系会把这里的动词语气另外归类为“疑问语气（The Interrogative Mood）”，虽然“疑问语气在英语中的构成往往只是改变词序或加助动词。

）可以说95%的英语句子都是陈述语气。

1.3祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)1）祈使语气，现译作“祈使式”，是话者向对方提出要求、下达命令、发出指令/劝告等所用的动词形式。

祈使句中的谓语动词，都用动词原形。

Please be seated. 请做下。

（请求）Put down your gun! 把枪放下！（命令）Don’t overwork yourself. 不要过于劳累。

一、 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)1. If the guaranteed yield were not reached, ________（我们将补偿损失）.2.If ______（美国没有参加第二次世界大战），probably the unemployment rate 14% would have risen still further.3.If you hadn't watched that late movie last night, ______（你现在就不会困）.4.We wouldn't lose courage ______（即使我们再一次失败）.5.She returned, and ______（她会说更多的话）had he not walked away.6. The business is risky, but it will be terrific if we give it a try. ______（如果我们成功的话）, we would be rich.7.If we hadn't got everything ready by now, ______（我们明天就会很麻烦了）.8.______（他本来会给我们更多的帮助）, but he has been so busy. 9.But that ______（他当时缺钱）, he would have come to help us. 10.I was ill that day. Otherwise ______（我会参加聚会）. 11.I would go to visit that beautiful lake but I______（联系不上你）while I am now in Boston. 12.I would have asked him to attend out gathering but ______（我不知道他的地址）. 13.He knows that he shouldn't have done it, he wished ______（他没做这件事）.14.I wish ______（我呆在家里）, I don't like this place.15.John wants to see me today, but I would rather ______（他明天来）. 16.His teacher recommended that he______（在大学一年级学一门外语）instead of waiting until the following year. 17.The housemaster was very strict, and he requested that we ______（不要在晚上看电视）.18.When Edison died, it was proposed that ______（美国人关掉所有电灯）for several minutes in honor of this great man. 19.It is most important that ______（车闸工作正常）. 20.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______（加热到燃烧的温度）.21.What do you think of his motion that we ______（将会议推迟）? 22.I think it is high time that Mr. Smith ______（下定决心）. 23.Violetta has a curious expression on her face as though she ______（正在为某事发笑）. 24.Every attention must be paid to him, lest ______（他觉得不如其他客人）.25.If only ______（工作再细心一点）. 26.May this book in a small way ______（有助于促进两国之间的理解和友谊）.27.In this country it is required that anyone who has recently come here ______（必须交税）.28.______（不管天气好坏）,we will set off as we planned.1. we would make up the loss.2. the United States had not entered the Second World War3. you wouldn't be sleepy now4. even if we were to fail again5. would have said more6. Should we succeed7. we would have a terrible time tomorrow 8. He would have given more help9. he was short of money at the time 10. I would have taken part in the party11. can't get in touch with you 12. I didn't know his address 13. he hadn't done it 14. I stayed at home15. he came tomorrow16. take a foreign language in his freshman year 17. not watch television at night18. the American people turn off all the lights 19. one of the brakes on your bicycle work properly 20. be heated to its burning temperature 21. put off the meeting22. made up his mind23. were smiling about something24. he feel that he is inferior to my other guest 25. he had worked with more care26. help to enhance the understanding and friendship between the two countries27. have to pay taxes28. Be it good or bad二、 复合句(The Complex Sentences)1. _____（所有的行为可以学会）is a basic assumption of solid scientists.2.I have never taken _______ （不属于我的任何东西）.3.But _______ （最伤害我们感情的东西）was the personal comment of the judge.4.This is the hour _______ （这个地方挤满孩子）.5.Word had come from Mrs. Kane _______ （她星期三到达）.6.I had not the smallest doubt _______ （你在撒谎）.7.It is because English is useful _______（我们才努力学习它）.8.Give me one good reason _______ （我应该帮助你）.9.The reason I'm so late is _______（我的汽车在路上抛锚了）.10.A majority of people can get all the calcium _______（他们身体需要）from the food they eat.11.This is a subject _______ （我们可能争论很久）.12.The girl _______ （她的工作获奖了）is the youngest in her class. 13.My father may have to go into hospital, _______（在那种情况下）hewon't be going on holiday.14. _______ （我害怕的事情）is their taking him to Ravenne. 15.I leave it to your own judgment _______ （你是否应该做这件事）. 16.It had drafted two different constitutions, _______（其中的一个）wasnever put in force.17.We are in a position _______ （我们可能失去一大笔钱）.18.Perhaps it will be a long time _______（汤姆从国外回来）.19.The business would be a success,_______ （无论谁拥有它）.20.Through long power lines electricity goes _______ （需要它的地方）.21. _______ （他们是否会派代表出席会议）is not yet known, but we hope they will.22.Then I discovered, _______ （对我来说是新闻的东西）, that his wife was Paleiret's niece.23.They were the Boy Scouts _______（他们的任务是帮助老人穿过马路）.24.He was the only friend I made during the four years _______ （我上大学）.25.There was much certainly _______（委员会会同意这个项目）.26.Does British foreign policy remain the same_______ （无论哪个政党执政）?27.We drove out of the town by the same road _______ （我们进城时走的路）.1.That all behavior can be learned2. anything that didn't belong to me3. what hurt our feelings most4. when the place is always full of children5. that she would arrive on Wednesday6. that you were telling a lie7. that we study it hard8. why I should help you9. that my car broke down on the way10. that their bodies require11. about which we might argue for a long while12. whose work got the prize13. in which case14. What I am afraid of15. whether you should do it16. one of which17. where we may lose a large sum of money18. before Tome comes back from aboard19. whoever owned it20. where it is needed21. Whether they will send a representative to the conference22. what was news to me23. whose task was to help elderly people cross the street24. when I was at university25. that the committee would agree to my object26. whichever party is in power27. as we had entered by三、非谓语动词(The Non-finite Verbs) 1.The teacher ______（在忙着做算术题）upon the blackboard.2.His handwriting is very bad, so I have much trouble ______（阅读他的信）.3.It is heartening to see millions who had nothing but a record of misery and hunger ______（有机会改进生活）.4.All these worries made it impossible ______（她专心致志于她的工作）.5.______（在随后的演讲中）she will give us some information about the situation in Africa.6.What's troubling them is their _______ （没有足够的设备）.7.You are cordially invited to a party ______（我们学院举办的）at 1:30 p.m.Dec.2.8.The farmer caught ______（孩子们偷他的苹果）.9. Not ______（做好充分的准备）, they thought it better to postpone the excursion till next week.10.Peter developed a method for bringing substances to the lowest temperatures _______（现代科学所知的）.mercial banks make most of their income from ______（在贷款和投资上获得的利息）in stocks and bonds.12.Waves generally result from ______（作用在水上的风）.13.The speaker was booed for his proposal, and that was certainly not _______（预期的反应）.14.They failed to pass the exam last time. I regretted _______ （没有能够帮助他们）.15.I'd appreciate _______ （你寄来这些信）.16. _______（在那种环境中被抚养成人）, Harriet demonstrated an interest in theology at a young age.17.By taking the back way he escaped _______ .（发现偷钱）18.When _______(从地平线附近看), the Moon appears strikingly larger.19.The whole group took part in the discussions, each member_______（有责任）of leading one meeting.20.“I can't see the blackboard very well.”“Perhaps you need _______（检查眼睛）.”21. _______ （把木质建筑物刷上漆）helps to protest them from damage due to weather.22.“Have you found the lost car?”“It was found _______ （抛在路边）.”23.If the project _______（年底完成的）is delayed, our unit will be fined.e back on Monday; it is no good _______ （在此之前来）.25.Now I can manage to make myself _______ （说你们的语言而别人理解）.26. _______（收到答复后）, he decided to write another letter to them.27. _______（众目睽睽之下）, he felt too nervous to speak,28.We do not permit _______ （在办公室抽烟）. So we do not ______（允许他在这里抽烟）.29.Weather _______（许可）, we shall go skating tonight.30.They were two small gatherings, each ______（有一些学生参加）.31.Wind and rain continually hit against the surface of the Earth, _______（击碎大块岩石）into smaller and smaller particle.32.All we can do is try _______（使他认识到）that he ought to study more.33.My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs _______ .（清洗）34.The guests _______（离开宾馆）,they resumed their discussion.35.Whenever my mother washes her clothes, she often asks if I _______（有要洗的衣服）.36. _______（要解释社会的任何方面）the sociologist must determine the laws influencing human behavior in social contexts.37.The photographer thought he was supposed to arrive after the guests, but I meant _______ （他早点来）.38.By 1871 there were 6,000 telegraph stations in the United States, _______ （全部根据这个系统工作）.1. was busy working out sums2. reading his letter3. have the chance to improve their life4. for her to concentrate on her work5. In the lectures to follow6. not having enough machine tools7. to be given at our institute8. the boys stealing his apples9. having made adequate preparations10. known to modern science11. interest earned on loans and investments12. wind acting on water13. the anticipated response14. being unable to help15. your mailing these letters16. Raised in that atmosphere17. being seen taking the money18. seen near the horizon19. having the responsibility20. to have your eyes examined21. Painting wooden buildings22. abandoned off the highway23. to be finished by the end of the year24. coming before that25. understood in your language26. Having received an answer27. Being watched by a crowd of people28. smoking in the office，permit him to smoke here29. permitting30. attended by some students31. breaking large rocks32. to make him realize33. cleaning34. having left the hotel35. have any clothes to wash 36. To explain any aspect of society37. for him to come early38. all working on this system四、主谓一致(The Agreement Between The Subject and The Predicate)1.An iron and steel works, together with some satellite factories, _______ （将在这里修建）.2.Mr.Smith, along with his wife and two sons, _______ （刚刚离开）and will return at four o'clock.3.That intelligence tests actually give a measurement of the intelligence of individuals _______ （受到一些学者的怀疑）.4.What his father left him _______ （只是几件破衣服）.5.After a careful inspection the manager came to the conclusion that only two-thirds of the available machinery _______ （在使用）efficiently.6.More than one person _______（卷入这个案件）.7.Many a ship _______ （在这些岩石上搁浅）.8.In Naples the number of illiterates _______ （超过人口的百分之六十）.9.The office staff _______ （被聚集在一起聆听董事长训话）.10.I quite agree with you that either of them _______ （适合这项工作）.11.Neither of the drivers who are being held by the police _______ （知道谁应该对这起事故负责任）.12.Either the shirts or the sweater _______ （适合这个季节）.13.It is reported that _______（一个科学家兼作家）has headed many United States expeditions to observe total solar eclipses.14.A series of lectures _______（学校将提供）to mark the centennial anniversary of the founding of the school.15.The type of stories my mother told me in my childhood _______（从未再听过）.16.Three million tons of coal _______ （今年出口）.17.He is, however, one of those restless people who _______（从未满意）his present environment.18.Only about one of twelve of the young men and women of this country _______ （受过大学教）.19.He is the only one of my friends who _______（将出国定居）.20.The committee _______ （一直在争论）those problems among themselves for many hours.1.is to be built here2. has just left3. is questioned by some scholars4. was but a few old clothes5. was being used6. was involved in this case7. has wrecked on those rocks8. has exceeded sixty percent of the population9. are gathered to hear the president speak10. is suitable for this job11. knows who is responsible for the accident12. is suitable for this season13. a scientist and writer14. is to be given by the school15. has never been heard again16. has been exported this year17. is never satisfied with18. receives a college education19. is to settle aboard20. have been arguing about五、倒装结构(The Inversion)1. “Mr.Smith has certainly been working hard.”“ _______ （他姐姐们也是这样）.”2.We do not believe their nice words. _______（我们也不会害怕）their bluster(大声的威吓).3. _______（直到二十世纪七十年代末期）did Anna find an outlet for her talents and sympathies in charitable work.4.Only outside the Earth's atmosphere _______ （是安全的）for a space vessel to attain extremely high velocities(速度).5.I made up my mind that under no circumstances _______ （我不能同意这么一项原则）.6. _______（如果我不是忙于目前的工作）, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.7. _______（尽管时间很早）,there were several people waiting in front of the booking office.8.“Where is my notebook?”“ _______ （给你）.”9. _______ （他刚一出去）when it began to rain.1.So have his sisters2. Neither are we afraid of3. Not until the late 1970's4. is it safe5. could I agree to such a principle6. Were I not engaged in my present work7. Early as it was8. Here it is9. Scarcely had he gone out六、形容词和副词（The Adjective and Adverb）1.He is _______ （与其说勤奋，倒不如说聪明）.2.An assistant manager is _______ （比经理低）.3.The harder the shrub is to grow _______ （价格就越高）.4.Prices for bikes at that store can run _______（高达）$250.5.Columns may be circular or polygonal(多边形的)in cross section, and are generally at least _______（高四倍）than they are wide.1. more wise than diligent2. inferior to a manager in position3. the higher the price is4. as high as5. four times taller七、连词和介词(The Conjunction and The Preposition)1.Some people waste food _______ （而其他人不够吃）.2.He checked all his figures again _______ （以便报告尽可能地好）.3. We'd scarcely got into the country _______ （这时开始下雨）.4.Every attention must be paid to him _______ （以免他觉得不如其他客人）.5. _______ （既然孩子们平平安安）, you no longer have anything toworry about.1.while others haven't enough2. in order that the report might be as good as possible3. when it began to rain4. lest he feel that he is inferior to my other guests5. Now that the children are back safe and sound八、动词(The Verb)1. I prefer to read _______ （也不去看电影）.2. Do you mind _______ （我打开窗户）?3.We _______ （肯定在打网球）in the park when you phoned.4.He _______ （七点钟本应该已经到达伦敦）, but he started too late.5.They _______ （不可能出去了）because the light's on!6.When we got to the theatre, the play hadn't started yet, so we _______ （本不必着急）.1. rather than go to the cinema2. if I open the window3. must have been playing tennis4. ought to have been in London by eleven o'clock5. cannot have gone out6. needn't have hurried九、时态（The Tense）1.He _______ （已按了按钮）before we could stop him.2.He said he _______ （英语学了十年）by the time be graduated.3. _______（只要你还钱）promptly, I'll lend it to you with pleasure.1. had pressed the button2. would have studied English for ten years3. As long as you return the money back十、平行结构(The Parallel Patterns)1. _______ （看见一次）is better than to heart a hundred times.2.I like reading novels _______（胜过看电视）.3. _______ （去滑冰）and to go skiing are popular winter sports in the Northern United States.4.______（生活水平越高）, the greater the amount of paper used .5.Nearly all trees have seeds that ______（落在地上）, take root, and eventually generate new seeds .6.Demand for a consumer product depends on ______（购买者的收入）and the prices of competing products.7.The role of the party system in American politics has always been _______（不是分裂而是团结）.8.For my part, I have not the slightest doubt _______（关于他的勇气或诚实）.9.In an editorial, a writer may criticize, praise, or merely _______（讨论一些官员或群体的行为）.10.Family problems, business worries, and, more than anything else, _______ （渴望绘画）, motivated his flight to Tati.11.Mrs.Harvey has the habit of asking questions _______ （然后不听答案）.1.To see once2. more than watching TV3. To go ice skating4. The higher the standard of living5. fall to the earth6. the incomes of buyers7. not to divide but to unite8. as to either his courage or his honesty9. discuss the actions of some officials or groups10. a desire to paint11. and then not listening to the answersadhere to 忠于after all 毕竟，归根结底at random 随机地，任意地break out 突然发生，爆发break up 打碎but for 要不是by far 最，……得多by no means 决不，一点也不catch on 理解，明白catch up with 赶上collide with 碰撞，冲突come up with 想出，提出come up with 追及，赶上comment on 评论contrary to 与……相反contribute to 有助于，促成cope with 应付，妥善处理cut short 打断，制止do away with 消灭，废除，去掉do credit to 为……带来光荣due to 因为go in for 从事，致力于go off 爆炸hang by a thread 千钧一发，岌岌可危heap praise upon 对……大加称赞in accordance with 与……一致，按照，根据in between 在两者之间in case of 防备，以防in honour of 为纪念in response to 响应，反应in terms of 根据，从……方面来说in that 因为in the vicinity of 在附近keep off远离，抑制lay off (暂时)解雇letalone 更不必说look into 调查look on 看待lose no time 立即make sense of sth. 讲得通，言之有理of no avail 无用，无效on file 存档on no account 决不，绝对不on the decline 衰落中，衰退中out of stock 无现货的，脱销的provided that 假如，若是pull up 使停下put away 放好，放起来regardless of 不管，不顾result in 导致，结果是result in 发生，导致see to 照料，注意show to 引导，引领stand for 容忍，接受take on 承担，接受take over 接管，接收take to 对……产生好感，开始喜欢talk into 说服that is 即，也就是turn in 上交turn out 生产出turn to 求助于ward off 防止，避开with reference to 关于，有关work out 想出，制订出worth one’s while 值得。

Unit3 On the moveGrammar and composition p34Subjunctive mood(1): Unreal conditionalsA Exploring the rules 探索规则Rachel is reading a blog post about a city's transport system. Find the sentences with unreal conditionals and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Rachel正在读一篇关于城市交通系统的博文。

找出带有虚拟条件句的句子，并填写下表。

第一个已经为你做好了。

Once a small ancient town, our city has mushroomed over the past decades, becoming one of the largest in my country. This rapid growth has, not surprisingly, resulted in increased traffic. Luckily, city planners have tackled the problem to keep everything running efficiently. Today our effective transport system caters for everyone's needs and we are very proud of it.The city's road network is spread like a web, and buses are the most convenient transport option. Citizens can get to work and school and visit their favourite city hotspots quickly and comfortably. Another popular transport option is the underground, which was first put to use ten years ago. If the city hadn't built the underground system, getting around wouldn't be so convenient. Now the city has plans for more underground lines, which is excellent!Our city has one airport, which has served travellers faithfully for years. If this airport hadn't been constructed, our city wouldn't have attracted so many tourists. However, the increased demand for travelling, both domestically and internationally, means the air transport facilities need to be upgraded. A proposal for a new bigger international airport is under review, creating much excitement. If a bigger airport were built, travellers' experiences should be greatly improved.When visitors come to our city, they can enjoy a wide range of transport options.I recommend they try our river ferries. A big part of our city's history, ferry transport offers many scenic journeys. If they lived in our city, they could use the ferry every day. With so many easy ways to get around, everyone can expect their travels in our city to be full of interesting experiences!曾经是一个古老的小镇，我们的城市在过去的几十年里迅速发展，成为我们国家最大的城市之一。