BEC UNIT8a

A Taste of Cultural DifferencesHarry Triandis1 Many individuals are likely to have been exposed to only one culture. Even after exposure to many cultures, we are most likely to use the framework of our own culture (for example, the West or the East)to interpret events. To broaden one’s perspective, let me describe some surprising cultural differences.2 If you read stories about Asian and African cultures, you will get an idea of life that is very different from the one you get from thinking about Europeans or North Americans. For example, in a village in Thailand,friendliness, gentleness, and good humor are typical attributes of the people in the village. Face-to-face conflict is usually avoided by not saying something unpleasant. For example, you would not say: “Your house is burning.” Instead you would say: “Why don’t you go and see your house?”In the village, women whose husbands had taken additional wives,although they were greatly disturbed, said nothing to their husbands. They did not want to put anyone on the spot!3 In this culture, conflict is usually followed by one of the people leaving the scene without explanation, confrontation, or argument. As a result, many families dissolved with little ceremony. Te polite way to say“no” to a requ est is to giggle; that communicates the person’s intentions perfectly.4 Throughout the world, religion governs the lives of many people.However, the extent to which this is true varies enormously from culture to culture. In Japan, for instance, only about a fifth of the population takes religion seriously. In fact, some raise their children the Shinto way(according to traditional Japanese religion), marry the Christian way,and have Buddhist funerals. Religion is a matter of taste, similar to eating Chinese food or pizza. By contrast, in America and India, the majority of people take religion very seriously.5 Beliefs in main religions are often mixed with traditional beliefs,and frequently scientific beliefs are mixed in as well. For example, people will recognize that lightning is caused by electricity but will explain that phenomenon by saying that god has discharged it. Common traditional beliefs are sometimes spiritual: Te event is explained by a spirit that was mad, happy, angry, disturbed, or satisfied. Illness is not considered a major problem; instead it is viewed as a spiritual event. For example, enemies have put a spell on the sick person.6 Traditional healing is widely used in Africa than is modern medicine and the o bvious question is “why?”. While there are only about 100psychiatrists for 342 million people in Africa, there is little Western medicine (75 percent of the population do not know how to read or write)so it is not surprising that the vast majority of the population depends on traditional healing methods.7 These methods are derived from spiritual beliefs that all things have a soul in them. Stones, leaves, trees, rivers and even the earth itself are thought to be inhabited by spirits. People believe that illness occurs when a spirit is upset or when some of the natural relationships among the spirits have been disturbed. It thus is up to a traditional healer, who has the ability to “control” the spirits.8 Do not look down on these healers; they are by no means ineffective.They havestudied their powers for as long as nine years. In some cases they have their own “association” that awards certif icates and makes them promise that they will not harm their future patients. During their studies,traditional healers generally learn to be good observers and to become familiar with the benefits of using plants for health purposes. They learn how to see what is wrong with their patients, and they take extensive medical history courses. They also know how to identify and use plant substances. These scientists have classified about 350,000 known plants,but the systematic study of the effects of such plants has only just begun.9 African healers learn about plant attributes and uses from their teachers, who in turn learned from traditions developed over 1,000 years of trial and error. They are quite skilled in their use of plants for healing,though they do make occasional mistakes with dosage.10 In observing other cultures, it is useful to keep in mind that we see the world less “as it is” and more “as we are.” Depending on the experiences we have had and the habits that we have acquired, we see events quite differently.参考译文感受文化差异哈里·特里安迪斯许多人可能只接触过一种文化，即使接触了许多不同的文化，我们大多还是会用自己的文化框架(例如西方文化或东方文化)去解释事情。

Unit 8 Section A期末复习检测题单词1. Exploration team found many t__________ on this old island.2. China’s science and t__________ are developing fast.3. Jim is from France, he speaks F__________.4. The kids ran __________(向着) us.5. We went to Japan by s_________.6. He h_________ to eat breakfast every day because he gets up late.7. The story is on p_______ 30. 8. Taiwan is the biggest i_________ in China.9. She likes reading science ___________(小说).10. He saw some m___________ of animals’ feet on the __________(沙滩).11．The man shot the bird with a g_______ just now. 12．The s______ on the beach is very soft. 13．Tigers and lions live on l________ while fish live in water. 14. A pen is a t__________ for writing. 适当形式1. She ___________(not see) the film yet. So she ________(see) it with us tomorrow.2. She __________(learn) English since she was only 4 years old.3. Look! Can you see a girl _________(dance) in the classroom?4. – May I speak to Jim? --Sorry. He isn’t in. He _________(go) to library.5. They __________(be) to Shanghai many times.6. Jim __________(go) to Beijing the day before yesterday, he _________(be) there for 3 days.7. She can’t wait ________(have) the party. 8. I went out __________(see) what is happening.9. I’m even learning ___________(grow) fruit and vegetables.10. I haven’t decided which book __________(write) about.11. I ______ already________(finish) _______(read) the book.12．I saw some boys __________ (play) games on the playground when I passed by.完成时练习(1)句型转换1.Mr. Brown has worked here for 5 years.(提问) _____ ______ ________ Mr. Brown worked here?2.I have already watched the TV play.(否定句) I __________ ________ the TV play ________ .3. Tom has already finished doing his homework. (为一般疑问句)_______ Tom___________ doing his homework________?4. Sally saw the film last week.(改为现在完成时) Sally ________ _________ the film before.5. They have made some delicious food for Tony.(对画线部分提问)_______ ______ they ________ for Tony?(2)翻译1.我刚吃过午饭。

Book1 Unit 8 The Kindness of StrangersI. 动词-ing 形式语法成分分析练习( 句子全部选自：精读Book1 Unit 8 )1.In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside.( Unit 4: You were told I was a secret agent, a spy, dealing in espionage and danger.”)2.With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, “Idon’t want get involved. ”has become a national motto.3.Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much.4.One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast withoutany money, relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans.5.I rose early on September 6,1994,and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: “America.”6.“I know you’re not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but…, you feel bad passing aperson,” said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi.7.This woman was telling me she’s rather risk her life than feel bad about passing astranger on the side of the road.8.Once when I was hitchhiker unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over,locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder.9.Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or sharedwhatever they happened to have with them.10.I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family’s most valuable possessions.11.Seeing that it cost $12，replied, “No, that’s all right. I’ll try something else.”12.The kids were attentive and kept asking all kinds of questions …Others:1. A lumber-millworker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house.2. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.3. “Most people around here will let you pitch a tent on their land, if that’s what you want.” he said.4. Although I hadn’t planned it this way ,I discovered that a patriotic tone ran through the talks I gave that afternoon.5. I told them how proud I was to live in a country where people were still willing to help.The grammatical function of Present Participle （选自：《无敌英语语法大全》）主语Subject:Reading books makes one wise.( It’s no use watching too much TV.)表语：My job is teaching English.宾语：I enjoy listening to music.( I found it useless( no use) arguing about it. )(She left without telling me. 做介词宾语)定语Attributive:Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?状语Adverbial:He is in the room making a model plane.Being ill, she didn’t go to school.Aven sat at the table reading China DailyHaving been told many times, he still doesn’t know how to do it..While walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.I got up late today, thus causing the delay.宾补Object Complement:We saw her entering the room.The grammatical function of Infinitive form( to do)1.主语subject:To live means to create. ( To tell lies is wrong.)(It is easy (for us) to do that.)2.表语predictiveThe greatest happiness is to serve the people.(She doesn’t seem to like the idea.)3.宾语objectHe doesn’t know what to do.( I find it easy to get on with her.)4.宾补object complement5.定语attributive( attribute)I have a lot of work to do today.(I have no friend to help me.)6.状语adverbial:II．课文重点词汇和短语课文例句填空练习（目的：夯实语言基础）1. He had his __________ out and ______a gas can in his ________hand .2. I drove ___________ him.3. There was a time in the country you’d be considered ________ if you p_________ somebody in .4. With g__________________ lurking everywhere,‘‘I don’t want to g ” has become a national m .5. Several states later I was still t the h .6. Leaving him s in the desert did not b me so much .7. I never even l my foot the a8. Could anybody r the k of strangers these days?9. One way to t this would be for a person to journey f without any money , relying s on the g of his fellow Americans.10. The idea me.11．The week I t 37, I realized that I had never t in my life.12. So I decided to travel the Pacific the Atlantic without a penny .13. It would be a c journey the land of the dollar.14. I would only of rides, food and a place to rest my head.15. My final d would be C Fear in North Carolina, a s of all the fears I’d have to c during the trip.16. I rose early on September 6,1994, and the Golden Gate Bridge witha 50—pound pack on my back and a sign d my destination to p vehicles: America.17. For six weeks I h 82 rides and c 4,223 miles across 14 states.18. As I traveled, folks were always me a someplace else.19. In Montana they told me to the cowboys in Wyoming.20. I was people’s readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to_____________ their own best interests.21. One day in Nebraska a car p to the road shoulder.22. ‘I kno w you pick up h , but it’s far between towns out here, you ______________ passing a person.23. I didn’t know whether to kiss them or ______________ stopping.24. This woman was telling me she’d rather ____________than ____________passing a person stranger on the side of the road .25. Once when I was __________unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker __________locking his_______ so hard he _________on the grass shoulder.26. The driver told me he was _______________by a hitchhiker.27.I found, however, that people were generally________________.28. In Oregon a house painter named Mike _________ the _________weather and asked if I had a coat.29. A lumber-mill worker named Tim __________me to a simple dinner with his family in their _________house.30.it______________________.31. One day I walked into the ____________in Jamestown, to ______________ camping in the area.32. The ________director, Baxter Wilson,59,handed me a _______for a local ________________ .33. Then he saw my _________ ‘Most people around here will let you ______________on their land if that’s *what you want” he said.34. I accepted , and we drove out to a __________country house. Suddenly I realized he’d invited me to ______ the night in his house. His wife, Carol, a seventh-grade science teacher, was* ___________ a pot roast when we walked into the Kitchen. Baxter explaine d that local ________ were “mountain stay-at-home people” who _______ entertained in their house .” When we do”, he said, “ it’s usually _____.” This _______made my night there_______________.35. The kid were ________and kept asking all kinds of questions.36. Did anybody try to_________________?37.Although I hadn’t planned it this way, I discovered that a __________ ran __________the talks *I gave that afternoon.38. I told the students how my________ in America had been__________.39. I told them that the question * I had in mind when I planned this ______was now clearly answered.Key：1.thumb：He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand .2.drive by：I drove right by him.3. jerk：There was a time in the country you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need.4. gang,addict,murderer,rapist ,lurk：With gangs,drug addicts,murderers,rapists,thieves lurking everywhere,‘‘I don’t want to get involved”has become a national motto.5. hitchhiker：Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker .6. strand：Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much .7. accelerator：I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator.8. rely on：Could anybody rely on the kindness of strangers these days?9. from coast to coast: One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money ,relying solely on the goodwill of his fellow Americans.10. intrigue：The idea intrigued me.11gamble: The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life.12. from the Pacific to the AtlanticSo I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny .13. cashless almightyIt would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar.14. accept offers: I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head.15. cape: My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I’d have to conquer during the trip.16. head for displayI rose early on September 6,1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50—pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: America.17. hitch / cover cross:For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states.18.warn sb: As I traveled, folks were always warning ma about someplace else.19.watch out for/ cowboy: In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming.20.amaze readiness run contrary toI was amazed by peopl e’s readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contaary to their own best interests.21. pull to: One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder.22.be supposed to do: ‘I know you are not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it’s far between towns out here, you feel bab passing a person’23. scold sb for doing sth.: I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping.24. would rather do sth. risk one’s life feel bad about sth..This woman was telling me she’d rather ri sk her life than feel bad about passing a person stranger on the side of the road .25.trucker pull over brake skidOnce when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder.26. rob at sth..: The driver told me he was robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker.passionate : I found, however, that people were generally compassionate.39.chilly: In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat.40.lumber-mill / shabby: A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house.41. be grateful to / as a matter of courseI was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter , and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.42.chamber/ commerce/ find out about sth: One day I walked into the chamber of commerce in Jamestown,tenn.to find out about camping in the area.43.executive / brochure / campground: The executive director , Baxter Wilson,59,handed me a brochure for a local campground.44.backpack/ pitch a tent: Then he saw my backpack ‘Most people around here will let you pitch a tent on their land if that’s what you want” he said.45. magnificent invite sb cook a dish stay at rarely entertain kinrevelationI accepted ,and we drove out to a magnificent country house. Suddenly I realized he’d invited me to spend the night in his house. His wife, Carol, a seventh-grade science teacher, was cooking a pot roast when we walked into the Kitchen. Baxter explained that local folks were “mountain stay-at-home people” who rarely entertained in theirh ouse .”When we do”, he said, “it’s usually kin.” This revelation made my night there all the more special.46.attentive：The kid were attentive and kept asking all kinds of questions.47.run sb over：Did anybody try to run you over?48. patriotic toneAithough I hadn’t planned it this way, I discovered that a patriotic tone ran though the talks I gave that afternoon. 38. re new one’s faith：I told the students how my faith in America had been renewed.40.plan the journeyI told them that the question I had in mind when I planned this journey was now clearly answered.compassionate / sympathetic 辨析1. Dr. Robert H. GoddardResolve to be tender with the young, compassionate with the aged, sympathetic with the striving, and tolerant with the weak and the wrong. Sometime in your life you will have been all of these.2. 两者皆有“同情”之意，在表达“同情”之意时，没有具体区别，但compassionate多用做表示同情心，而sympathetic多用做表示理解赞成。

人教版八年上英语unit 8 3a 课文原文Unit 8 Lesson 3aTitle: What do you know about Chinese New Year?Chinese New Year is also called the Spring Festival. Itis the most important festival in China. The festival starts on the first day of the lunar calendar and lasts for 15 days.Chinese New Year has a long history. It began in ancient China. People believe that a beast came on the first day of the year to harm animals, crops, and people. In order to prevent harm, people would put offerings outside their doors to worship the beast. Later, people used firecrackers to scare away the beast, and that is how firecrackers became part of the celebration.People prepare for the festival by cleaning their houses, buying new clothes, and putting up decorations. They believe that doing this will bring good luck for the coming year.People also visit family and friends during the festival. On the eve of Chinese New Year, family members gather for a reunion dinner. After dinner, many people stay up late to watch CCTV New Year's Gala and set off fireworks to welcome the New Year.There are many traditional activities during Chinese New Year. People give red packets or "lucky money" to children to wish them a happy and lucky year. They also set off firecrackers to drive away evil spirits and hang red lanterns to symbolize good fortune.Chinese New Year is a time for celebration and happiness. It is a time for families to come together and enjoy each other's company. It is a time to say goodbye to the old year and welcome in the new year.。

Unit 8 Job SatisfactionReading A提高职业满意度得到一份高薪、受鼓舞、受尊重的理想职业是你梦寐以求的。

但在现实生活中，你不得不接受某些达不到你期望的东西。

也许，刚开始时你感觉你的职业非常理想，你对此十分钟爱，但现在你觉得日子越来越难熬。

缺乏职业满意度是造成压力的重要原因。

你对职业不满可能可以归结为以下原因：★与同事发生冲突★与主管发生冲突★薪酬不合理★缺乏取得成功所必需的设备或资源★没有晋升机会★对影响个人的决策没有发言权有时可能是职业本身造成你对工作不满意。

例如：你的工作可能很乏味，提不起你的兴趣，或者根本不适合你所受的教育和所学的技能。

提高职业满意度的一个有效途径是用积极的思维重新构建你的职业观念。

你不一定一下子就能够改变对所从事职业的态度，但如果你注意到你的职业观念是如何导致你对工作失去积极性的，你就可以提高职业满意度。

你不妨试试以下技巧：★停止消极的想法。

你要注意你给自己传递了什么样的信息，当你发现自己觉得工作很糟糕的时候，要停止这种消极的想法。

★寻找解决办法。

“重构职业观念”可以帮助你在不利的环境中找到有利的一面。

臂如，你的老板对你工作表现的评价不够好，他警告你改善工作，否则要你换岗。

对此你的反应应该是寻找解决办法，而不是为此耿耿于怀，或者马上另找工作。

解决办法因具体工作而异，可能是听继续教育课、与业绩辅导员紧密联系，或以实际行动告诉老板你有能力做出改变。

★从错误中吸取教训。

失败是最好的学习良机之一，但是许多人面对失败就一蹶不振。

工作中犯了错误，应该从中吸取教训，再次尝试。

★学会感激。

心存感激能够帮助你注意工作中的积极因素。

不妨问问自己：“今天工作中我该对什么心存感激？”你也许喜欢在工作中结识新朋友，或者珍惜工作中提供给你的机会。

你应该至少可以找出值得你感激的一种东西，不管是什么。

不管你从事的是何种职业，以积极的态度面对困难的工作环境，充分利用环境所能带给你的一切，这样将有助于消除压力，从而体会到职业所带给你的回报。