英文商务合同论文：浅谈英语商务合同的语言特点与翻译方法

Analysis on Word Features and Translation Skills in Business English Con tracts商务英语合同词汇特点和翻译技巧分析摘要随着全球经济一体化和中国与世界各国之间的经济往来的不断密切和加深，尤其是自从中国加入WTO以来，中国与世界各国的经济交流越来越密切。

在国际交流和贸易过程中，商务合同尤其是商务英语合同作为国际贸易与协作中约定双方权利与义务以及确立双方沟通方式的重要手段，其词汇特点和翻译技巧也越来越被更多的人加以研究。

本文试从商务英语合同的用词特色及翻译技巧等方面对商务英语合同的一些特点和翻译过程中值得注意的地方进行探讨和沟通，力求为从业者和研究者提供有益的借鉴和参考。

本文第一章重点分析了商务英语合同的发展背景、国内研究现状、研究意义等方面的内容，并详细介绍了商务英语合同在中国的快速发展情况；第二章交代了商务英语合同的概念和词汇特点, 并详细阐述了相关特点中专用名词、书面语、古体语、外来语、情态动词以及缩略语在商务英语合同中的使用情况；第三和第四章两章则从商务英语合同的翻译技巧和有利建议的方面进行了细致描述，并从古体词的准确翻译、专有名词的标准化翻译、公文的常用副词使用、易混词的专注度以及译本的规范和流畅方面重点阐述了相关翻译技巧。

通过以上分析，本文作者致力于将商务英语合同的特点和翻译技巧陈述出来，希望能够对以后的从业人员和翻译者的翻译和研究事业产生有利影响。

关键词：商务合同；国际交流；翻译AbstractWith the development of the economic globalization and the economic relationship between China and other countries becoming closer and deeper, especially China’s attendance of WTO, the economic communication between China and other countries becomes closer and closer. In the process of international communication and trading, business contract especially the business English contract as an important means of appointing two parties’ rights and responsibilities and setting up bilateral communicative ways in international trading and cooperation has been received more and more attention from the researchers. Business English words’ characters and translation principles and means has been brought into more and more people’s studying field.This thesis attempts to discover and discuss some features in business English contracts and the problems encountered in the process of translation from these aspects of business English contracts’words’features and translation skills wroth of noticing in order to provide the advantageous reference for the professionals and researchers. The first chapter of the essay lays stress on business English Contracts’ developing background, domestic studying situation, studying meanings and so on and introduce the rapid development situation of business English contracts; The second chapter depicts the concept of business Englishcontract and the words’ characters, meanwhile, it demonstrates the using situation of corresponding features including the technical term, written words, archaism, loanwords, modal verbs as well as abbreviations; The third and last chapter present every detail of business English contracts’translation skills and favorable suggestions, and the author demonstrates the translation skills from many skills like skill of accurate archaism, skill of regularized formal terms, skill of using conventional adverbs in official document, skill of paying attention on confusing words, skill of accordance with norm and fluency. Through all of the above analysis, the author devotes himself into depicting the features and translation skills of business English contracts so as to influence the future’s studies and translation professionals positively.Keywords: Business Contract; International Communication; TranslationI. IntroductionII. Words’ Features of Business English Contracts2.1 Usage of technical terms2.2 Usage of archaism2.3 Usage of written words2.4 Usage of loanwords2.5 Usage of modal verbs2.6 Usage of abbreviationsIII. Translation Skills of Business English Contract3.1 Skill of accurate archaism3.2 Skill of regularized formal terms3.3 Skill of using conventional adverbs in official document’s language 3.4 Skill of paying attention on confusing words3.5 Skill of accordance with norm and fluencyIV Suggestions in Business English Contracts’ Translation Process4.1 Being familiar with the related knowledge of business English4.2 Using the technical terms4.3 Understanding the words’and linguistic characters of business contractV. ConclusionWorks CitedAcknowledgementsI. IntroductionWith the development of economy and trading integration, business English as the basic communicative tool has been used widely in every trading cooperation. Contracts as the tool for different countries trading with others, has been brought into people’s discussion for a long time.Due to the oppositely conservative economic style and rare communication with other countries, the related study on business English Contracts was very rare before 21st in China. While the situation changed a lot from the beginning of the new era of 21st century with the booming development of related works.Business English contracts is a kind of text form with strong professionalism and responsibility. [1] To acquire business English contracts’words’characters and translation skills will be good for assisting related trading activities’communication and cooperation effectively and authoritatively. This paper aims at analyzing the character of words in business English contracts and the translation skills worthy of studying in order to help all of the students, professionals and related researchers of this field obtain a good knowledge of business English contracts, and also provide them with advantageous reference and assistance in their future’s study. What’s more, all of the related works’booming development will surely advance China’s marketing economic development and progress, prompt the blend of economy of China and other countries, which certainly will have extremely positive affection in world economic integrity.II. Words’ Features of Business English ContractsBusiness contract is the main guarantee of bilateral profits, its wordsshould be formal, serious, detailed, accurate, complex, profound and distinguished. [2] Thus in the process of signing a contract, related people have to adopt regularized terms and expressing ways to make sure the contract are coherent, its content is true and is with legal effect. In view of the above mentioned requirements, the words of business English contracts should have many characters, like the mass usages of technical terms, written words, archaisms, loanwords, modal verbs and abbreviations.2.1 Usage of technical termsTechnical terms in contract defines the words with specific meaning and character and being used not as common and ordinary meaning. On account of the legal effect, it always need many professional words, law terms to protocol an agreement in order to make the words’ meaning sole and specific without any emotional color and different meaning. There are many commonly used terms listed, like “for your reference”, “for one’s file”, “in your favor”, “by separate post”and “advance payment”and so on. [3]2.2 Usage of archaismThe massive use of archaisms is an obvious character of business English contract. For the language of business English is very formal with many written words, there are many words being used in documents and contracts rarely used in other fields. Archaisms are the words with formallanguage style, most of them are the adverbial compound words combined by propositions like there and here, where and by, after, in, at and so on. Just like the words “hereby”, “hereafter” and “whereby” and so on. [4]2.3 Usage of written wordsAs business English contracts should rule the two parties’rights, obligations, duties and action norms directly who signed the contract, therefore the written words are usually used to stand out the contract’s seriousness and professional textual characters. For example, “in effect”is always used to take the place of “in fact”; “desire to do” is always used to take the place of “wish to do”; “deem” is always used to take the place of “think” and “believe” and so on. [5]2.4 Usage of loanwordsSome business technical terms used in business contract originates from Latin or French, some are derived words or compound words by the root of them. Most of the terms have the same prefix or suffix and have the stable meanings being advantageous for expressing exactly. For example, “as per”comes from Greek; “inter alia”, “ad valorem duty”, “stare decisis”all originate from Lation, which will be written as italic type in business contract. [6]2.5 Usage of modal verbsThe purpose of signing a business contract lies in define twoparities’ rights and obligations in case of any legal dispute. Consequently, there existing lots of similar depictions in the items of a contract, like “something must be done”, “something may be done”and “something shall not be done”and so on. Under such circumstances, many modal verbs will be used in business contract. Apart from being used to express the future tense, some modal verbs have many other particular meanings in law, which could be paid more attention in translation process. To set some examples, “shall”commonly mean the obligation in business contract namely what should be done. And if it hasn’t been performed, such action will be seen as default. Thus “shall” means “should” or “have to”in the translation text; “May”commonly mean the right, power or privilege in business contract namely what can be done. And if expressing some right is mandatory, “be entitled” should be used usually; “Must” is generally used to express the compulsory situation by law namely what should be done, and the tone is stronger that “shall”; “Will” is generally used to express the compulsory situation without regulations in law, and the tone of it is weaker that “shall”. [7]2.6 Usage of abbreviationsAs kind of professional legal document, business English contract is tedious and complicated. And in order to make the contract convenient to be communicated, remembered and recorded, numerous abbreviations will be used in business English contract. The several simple liters usedin business contract can convey complex meanings, whose interpretations have become a convention internationally. In general, the payment way, delivery way, insurance way, price items, currency, measurement and other organizations, companies and countries always arise as abbreviations. For “LC”= letter of credit; L&D=loans and damage; L&D.=loans and discounts; FOB=Free on Board; A/R=all risks; SHINC=Sunday and Holiday Included etc,. [8]。

合同知识商务合同的语言特点及其汉英翻译商务合同是商业活动中至关重要的法律文件，它规定了各方的权利和义务，并对商业交易提供了法律保护。

在国际贸易中，汉英翻译的正确与否直接关系到合同双方的权益。

本文将探讨商务合同的语言特点，并探讨商务合同在汉英翻译中需要注意的问题。

一、商务合同的语言特点1. 精确性：商务合同需要明确、具体地规定各方的权益、义务以及商业交易的细节。

合同中的每个条款都应该精确无误，以防止不必要的争议和误解。

2. 一致性：商务合同必须在整体上保持一致性，不论是在用词上还是在句子结构上。

合同中的术语和定义应该一致，并且使用相同的语法结构来表达类似的内容。

3. 条理性：商务合同应该按照逻辑顺序组织，清晰地阐述各个条款和条件。

重要条款应该以明确的标题或者编号进行标示，以便于阅读和查找。

4. 严肃性：商务合同是一份正式的法律文件，必须以严肃、正式的语言来书写。

使用恰当的词汇和句式可以增加合同的权威性和可靠性。

二、商务合同的汉英翻译要点1. 词汇翻译：在商务合同中，有许多专业术语需要准确翻译。

翻译人员应该熟悉相关的行业术语，以确保翻译的准确性。

此外，还应避免使用歧义的词汇，以免产生误解。

2. 文体风格：商务合同既要准确传达法律信息，又要考虑到语言的简洁性和易读性。

在翻译过程中，应注意保持合同的正式风格，并可根据需要进行适当的调整，以符合目标语言的语言习惯。

3. 灵活运用：商务合同翻译不仅仅是简单的文字对应，还需要根据目标语言和文化背景的差异，适当调整句子结构和表达方式。

例如，中文合同中可能使用被动语态，而英文合同则更倾向于使用主动语态。

4. 格式要求：商务合同的格式在不同的国家和地区可能有所不同。

翻译人员需要注意确保合同的格式与原文一致，包括标题、条款号码、字体大小等。

此外，还需要注意格式中的特殊要求，如签字、印章等。

在商务合同翻译中，准确传达各方的权益和义务是至关重要的。

只有合同中的条款清晰明确才能保证商业交易的顺利进行。

商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧
商务英语合同是商业交易中不可或缺的一部分，其语言特色和翻译技巧对于商务翻译人员来说非常重要。

以下是商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧：
一、语言特色
1.正式性：商务英语合同是正式文件，因此其语言要求严谨、准确、规范，不能出现口语化、随意、模糊的表达。

2.简洁性：商务英语合同要求简洁明了，用词精准，避免冗长、繁琐的句子和用词。

3.明确性：商务英语合同要求明确表达各方的权利和义务，避免歧义和误解。

4.法律性：商务英语合同是法律文件，其语言需要符合法律规范，遵循法律原则和规则。

二、翻译技巧
1.准确翻译：商务英语合同的翻译要求准确无误，不能出现翻译错误或漏译现象。

2.保持原意：商务英语合同的翻译要保持原意，不能改变原文表达的意思。

3.遵循法律规范：商务英语合同的翻译需要遵循法律规范，翻译人员需要了解相关法律法规，确保翻译内容符合法律规定。

4.注意用词：商务英语合同的翻译需要注意用词，用词准确、简洁、明确，避免冗长、繁琐的表达。

5.审慎翻译：商务英语合同的翻译需要审慎处理，避免出现歧义和误解，确保翻译内容符合各方的权利和义务。

总之，商务英语合同的语言特色和翻译技巧对于商务翻译人员来说非常重要，需要翻译人员具备专业的语言能力和法律知识，确保翻译内容准确无误，符合法律规范，保持原意。

商务合同英语的特点及翻译范文Commercial Contract Characteristics and Sample Translation of Business ContractsIntroduction:In the global business landscape, the importance of commercial contracts cannot be overstated. As businesses expand their operations internationally, the need for effective communication and understanding of contractual terms becomes vital to ensure smooth transactions. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of commercial contracts in English and provide a sample translation to showcase their complexity and significance in the business world.1. Clarity and Precision:Commercial contracts in English are characterized by their clarity and precision in language. Every term, condition, and obligation is stated explicitly to eliminate any ambiguity or room for misinterpretation. The use of plain language is preferred to avoid any confusion or legal disputes that may arise due to vague or overly complex wording.For example, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"Party A shall deliver the products, as specified in Exhibit 1, in accordance with the quantity, quality, and specifications agreed upon by Party A and Party B. Failure to deliver the products as per the agreed terms shall result in penalties as outlined in Clause 5.2."2. Binding Nature:Commercial contracts in English are legally binding documents that govern the relationship between parties involved in a business transaction. These contracts create obligations, duties, and rights for each party and are enforceable by law. The language used in commercial contracts reflects the gravity of these obligations and the consequences of a breach.For instance, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"This agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns. Any assignment of rights or obligations under this agreement shall require the prior written consent of the other party."3. Specificity in Terms and Conditions:Commercial contracts in English are characterized by their specific and detailed terms and conditions. These contracts address various aspects such as payment terms, delivery schedules, warranties, intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The inclusion of specific provisions reduces the potential for misunderstandings and ensures that each party's rights and responsibilities are clearly outlined.For example, consider the following excerpt from a commercial contract:"The payment shall be made by Party B to Party A within thirty (30) days from the receipt of a valid invoice. In case of any disputes or disagreements regarding the invoice, Party B shall notify Party A in writing within ten (10) days from the receipt of the invoice. Failure to notify Party A within the specified timeframe shall be deemed as an acceptance of the invoice."4. Language of International Business:Commercial contracts in English serve as the lingua franca of international business. English is widely used in global commerce due to the historical influence of English-speaking countries in trade and economics. The language used in commercial contracts reflects the established conventions, practices, and standards of the international business community.Translation Sample:Original English Excerpt:"The Seller shall deliver the Goods in accordance with the terms specified hereunder. The Buyer shall make the payment as per the agreed schedule. In case of any disputes, the Parties agree to resolve the matter through arbitration in accordance with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce."Translated Excerpt (Chinese):"卖方应按照下文规定的条款交付商品。

浅析英语商务合同的特点及翻译原则摘要：自我国改革开放以来，各行各业对外经济交往和合作越来越频繁,英语商务合同作为具有法律效力的商务文件，在商务活动中具有一定重要性.而英语商务合同翻译的好坏直接关系到当事方的经济利益。

本文介绍了英语商务合同的特点,论述了英语商务合同的翻译原则，并提出了在翻译英语商务合同时应注意的一些问题。

关键词：英语商务合同，特点，翻译原则Abstract: Since China΄s reform and opening up，foreign economic exchanges and cooperation in all walks of life become more and more frequent. English commercial contracts, as legallybinding business documents, play an important role in business communication. Therefore,the quality of the translation of English business contracts will affect the economicinterests of the parties. This article first discusses the characteristics of Englishcommercialcontracts, then explores the principles for the translatiion of the English commercialcontracts and finally puts forward some points which should be noted in the translatingpractice。

Key Words: English commercial contract，features, translation principles引言随着中国经济的迅速发展和全球贸易的日趋融合，中国和世界其他国家的合作和贸易往来日渐频繁。

商务合同英语语言特征的探析论文•相关推荐商务合同英语语言特征的探析论文[摘要] 商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点，同时也具有法律英语的特点。

本文根据商务合同英语的特点，从词法、句法、语用等几方面探析商务合同英语的语言特征。

商务合同英语属庄重文体，即各种英语中正式程度最高的一种。

下面从词法、句法、语用等几方面探析商务合同英语的语言特征。

一、词汇特征1、正式词语的使用。

商务合同英语要对交易各方的权利、义务、行为准则的准确涵义和范围进行直接而明确的规定，其措词必须严谨、精确、正式，并不带个人感情色彩。

因此正式词语在商务合同中使用频率非常高，俚语、俗语、方言、戏谑语不能出现在商务合同中。

为体现其正式与严谨的文体特征，商务合同英语多倾向于用较复杂的介词短语来代替非正式语体中常见的简单介词与连词。

2、古体词的使用。

古体词在现代英语口语和一般书面语中极少使用，但在商务合同等法律文体中，古体词却大量出现，充分体现出其庄重严肃的文体风格。

商务合同英语中最常使用的古体词多为一些复合副词，即由here，there 和where 分别加上after ，at ，by ，from ，in ，of，to ，under ，upon ，with 等一个或几个介词共同构成的复合副词。

这些复合词中的“here”指的是“this”，即“本文件（合同，协定等）”，“there”指的是“that”，即“另外的文件（合同，协定等）”，“where”指的是“what”或“which”之意。

3、法律用语和专业词汇的使用。

合同是具有法律效力的经济文书，其语言属于法律范畴。

合同中大量使用的是正式的法律用语及国际商务方面的专业词汇。

这些词汇突出法律文本的威严。

4、外来词的使用。

商务合同英语中使用的商务类专业术语有不少源于拉丁语或法语，有些则是由其词根派生或合成，许多术语都有相同的前缀或后缀。

它们的意义比较稳定，利于精确地表达概念，例如：ad valorem duty （拉丁语）从价（关）税， bonafide holder （拉丁语）汇票的善意持票人， pro rata tax rate 比例税率（拉丁语，即proportional tax rate）， force majeure （法语）不可抗力， pro forma （拉丁语）估算表。

商务英语合同的语言特色及翻译技巧商务英语合同是国际商务交往中不可或缺的重要文书，它具有一定的语言特色和翻译技巧。

本文将探讨商务英语合同的语言特色以及翻译时需注意的技巧，以期帮助读者更好地理解和应用。

一、商务英语合同的语言特色1. 正式与精确商务英语合同的语言应严格、正式、精确，不使用生活中的口语，以确保双方在合同中的权益清晰明确。

一言以蔽之，用词要力求精准。

2. 双方平等协商合同语言应体现交易双方的平等协商，即使在表示原因、目的或方法时，也应当避免片面或过度表达其中一方的立场。

确保语言表达中的客观公正和平衡。

3. 条款层次分明商务英语合同中通常包含一系列的条款和子条款，这些条款需要层次分明，以便双方理解和遵守。

条款的排列也要有逻辑性，各部分之间要有连贯性。

4. 具有法律效力商务英语合同是法律文书，要求具备法律效力。

因此，合同中的语言应当明确、严肃，并遵守相关的法律法规，以确保合同的有效性和执行力。

二、商务英语合同的翻译技巧1. 准确把握合同意图在翻译商务英语合同时，首先要准确把握合同双方的意图，理解双方所要达成的交易内容和目的，以便更好地进行翻译。

2. 语言简练明确合同翻译应当注意简练明确的语言表达。

避免使用冗长的句子和多余的修辞。

合同语言应当简洁直接，以防歧义和误解。

3. 词义准确一致在翻译合同时，词义的准确性和一致性非常重要。

同样的术语应当在合同中保持一致的翻译，以避免产生理解上的偏差和混淆。

4. 保持合同的法律效力商务英语合同的翻译应当保持其法律效力。

翻译时准确传达各方的权益和责任，在语言表达上尽量遵守目标语言国家的法律法规和习惯用法。

5. 考虑文化差异在翻译商务英语合同时，应当考虑到双方文化背景的差异。

尽量避免使用可能与目标语言文化或法规相冲突的语言表达，以确保合同的适应性和可理解性。

结语商务英语合同是国际商务交往中必不可少的重要文件，其语言特色和翻译技巧对于双方的合作关系至关重要。

准确把握合同意图，简练明确的语言表达，准确一致的词义选择，保持法律效力，以及考虑文化差异，是进行商务英语合同翻译时需要注意的关键要点。

商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译在当今全球化的商业环境中，商务英语合同扮演着至关重要的角色。

它不仅是双方权利和义务的明确约定，也是保障商业交易顺利进行的法律依据。

商务英语合同具有独特的语言特征，准确理解和翻译这些特征对于保障合同的法律效力和商业目的的实现具有重要意义。

商务英语合同的语言特征首先体现在其准确性上。

合同中的每一个条款、每一个词汇都必须精准无误，避免产生歧义。

例如，在涉及金额、数量、时间等关键信息时，必须使用明确的数字和具体的表述，而不能使用模糊不清的词汇或约数。

如“大约”“左右”等词汇在合同中应尽量避免使用，取而代之的是“精确到具体数字”的表达方式。

专业性也是商务英语合同语言的显著特征之一。

合同中会频繁使用专业术语和行业特定的词汇。

这些术语往往具有特定的法律和商业含义，需要译者具备相关的专业知识才能准确理解和翻译。

例如，“force majeure”（不可抗力）、“liquidated damages”（违约金）等。

如果译者对这些专业术语不熟悉，就可能导致翻译错误，从而影响合同的法律效力。

商务英语合同的语言通常较为正式和严谨。

句子结构复杂，多使用长句和复合句，以确保能够全面、准确地表达合同双方的意图。

同时，为了强调某些重要条款，还会使用被动语态、倒装句等特殊的语法结构。

例如，“In the event that the Buyer fails to make the payment withinthe stipulated period, the Sel ler shall have the right to terminate the contract”（如果买方未能在规定期限内付款，卖方有权终止合同。

）此外，商务英语合同的语言还具有规范性和格式化的特点。

合同往往遵循一定的格式和模板，在条款的编排和表述上具有相似性。

例如，在合同的开头通常会有“Party A”（甲方）和“Party B”（乙方）的定义，以及合同的背景和目的的说明；在合同的结尾通常会有签字、日期等部分。

商务英语合同的语言特征及其翻译在全球化的商业环境中，商务英语合同扮演着至关重要的角色。

它不仅是双方权利和义务的明确约定，更是保障交易顺利进行、解决潜在纠纷的重要依据。

理解商务英语合同的语言特征，并掌握其准确的翻译方法，对于从事国际贸易、商务合作的人士来说具有关键意义。

商务英语合同的语言具有显著的特征。

首先，准确性是其核心要求。

合同中的每一个条款、每一个表述都必须精确无误，避免产生歧义或误解。

例如，在涉及金额、数量、时间等关键信息时，必须使用明确的数字和具体的表述。

“The payment shall be made within 30 days afterthe delivery of the goods”（付款应在货物交付后 30 天内进行。

）这里对付款时间的规定清晰明确，没有模糊的空间。

其次，商务英语合同语言具有严谨性。

在语法和词汇的使用上，力求严谨规范，遵循严格的语言规则。

句子结构通常较为复杂，多使用长句和复合句，以涵盖各种可能的情况和条件。

“In the event that the Seller fails to deliver the goods as stipulated in the contract, and such failure is not attributable to force majeure or any other circumstances beyond the Seller's control, the Seller shall be liable for breach of contract and compensate the Buyer for all losses incurred”（如果卖方未能按照合同规定交付货物，且这种违约并非由于不可抗力或卖方无法控制的任何其他情况所致，卖方应承担违约责任，并赔偿买方所遭受的一切损失。

）这样的句子通过多个从句和短语，详尽地规定了责任和义务。