商务英文合同的词汇特征及其翻译(1)

商务合同中英文(共9篇)国际商务合同中英文对照1 WhereasWhereas: considering that 鉴于，就……而论（法律用语）例1Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to act as the first Party’s Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下例2Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract to install Party A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:Chinese version for reference:鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：Whereby”，“以此立（证）据”等；In Testimony Whereof：以此为证，特立此证；Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。

例1In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on laws.本协议书由双方根据各自的法律签订，于上面所签订的日期开始执行，特立此据。

例 2In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year).我方于___年____月____日签署本文，特此证明。

常见英文合同翻译与详解一.here by英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(1)here by: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We here by certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）here by：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点Contract Vocabulary Characteristics and Translation Points in EnglishAs a lawyer, it is necessary to draft a document on the characteristics of contract vocabulary and translation points in English, which include the following:1. Basic information of both parties: This includes the names, addresses, and other important information of the parties involved in the contract.2. Identity of each party: Each party's identity and status should be clearly stated, such as whether they are individuals or legal entities.3. Rights and obligations: The contract should clearly define the rights and obligations of each party, such as the scope of work, delivery schedule, payment terms, confidentiality clauses, etc.4. Performance methods and time limits: The contract should establish clear performance methods and time limits to ensure the contract is executed according to plan.5. Breach of contract liability: The contract should specify the consequences of any breach or violation of the terms of thecontract. This includes financial penalties, compensation, suspension, and termination of the contract.6. Compliance with Chinese laws and regulations: All contracts should comply with relevant Chinese laws and regulations.7. Clarification of rights and obligations: Any ambiguities should be addressed and the rights and obligations of each party should be clearly defined.8. Legal validity and enforceability: The contract must have legal validity and enforceability to avoid any disputes and to ensure its implementation.9. Other provisions: Additional provisions, such as dispute resolution mechanisms, warranties, indemnification, and termination clauses may also be included as per the requirement of the specific contract.Each clause and provision should conform to the legal requirements to strengthen the legal effect and enforceability of the contract.。

摘要商务英语合同属于一种约束当事人交易的手段，语言正式严谨，有专业化的特点。

商务英语合同不仅包含了商务英语的内容，还涉及了一些法律英语的内容。

为了准确翻译商务英语合同，减少涉外经济可能出现的合同纠纷，通过一系列文献的研读，对商务英语合同中的词汇特征进行了总结，除语言正式以外，古语、专有名词和情态动词的使用也较多。

其次，列举了部分句子特征及其翻译技巧。

商务英语合同翻译不需要特别华丽的词语，需要的是语言逻辑与用词严密、客观、公正的表述文意。

翻译时更要做到词汇准确、思维严谨、语句顺畅。

关键词：商务英语合同；语言特征；翻译技巧ASTRACTBusiness contract belongs to a means of restricting the parties’ transactions, and the language should be formal and rigorous with the characteristics of qualified specialization. The business English contract involves not only the content of business English, but also some content of legal English. In order to translate the business contracts accurately, reduce the possible contract disputes in the foreign economy. Through the study of a series of documents, the lexical features in business English contracts are summarized, except for formal words, ancient words, technical terms and modal verbs are also used more in contracts. Secondly, list some sentence features and their translation skills. The translation of business contracts does not need to be particularly gorgeous rhetoric, it requires logic and strict language, to be objective, fair expression of literary meaning. In translation, word usage must be more accurate, precise and appropriate.Key words：Business English Contract; Linguistic Features; Translation SkillsContentsINTRODUCTION (2)CHAPTER I LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH CONTRACTS (5)1.1 Use of Formal Words (5)1.2 Use of Technical Terms (6)1.3 Use of Ancient Words (6)1.4 Use of Modal Verbs (8)CHAPTER II SENTENCE FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH CONTRACTS (9)2.1 Fixed Sentences (9)2.2 Long Sentences (9)2.3 Passive V oice (10)CHAPTER III SENTENCE FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENGLISH CONTRACTS (10)3.1 Translation Principle (10)3.2 Translation Skills (11)3.2.1 Modal Verbs Sentences Translation (11)3.2.2 Long Sentences Translation (12)3.2.3 Translation of Passive V oice (14)CONCLUSION (15)REFERENCES (16)ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

This contract is made in two originals that shouldbe held by each party.此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。

What is left unmentioned in contract may be addedthere as an appendix.本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。

The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shallbecome valid onthe date of signature.本合同一式四份〔正副本各两份〕自签署后生效This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shallbe deemed equallyauthentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties. 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本具有同等效力。

本合同一式两份。

自双方签字〔盖章〕之日起生效。

This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers， whereby the buyers agree to buy andthe sellersagree to sell the under-mentioned. Commoditiesaccording to the terms and conditions stipulatedbelow.本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购置，卖方同意出售以下产品。

常见英文合同翻译与详解鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement istrue and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

最常见的英语英语合同翻译鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

商务英语翻译之合同翻译第一节商务合同的基础知识第二节合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点第三节合同英语的句法特点及翻译要点第四节合同内容的翻译第五节商务合同的翻译标准第一节商务合同的基础知识一、概念与文体虽然国内外对合同的定义各不相同，但都有一个共同点：A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned。

比如，99年中国《合同法》规定，Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations。

在由Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中，contract被定义为“a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。

综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。

商务合同是依法成立的法律性文件，自有其特殊的文体特征。

通常所谓的“文体（style）”是指人们运用语言时，总是根据一定的交际内容、交际目的和交际场合，来选取一定的表达形式，即所谓的语言风格；这种风格，既要适应交际对象，又受到特定语言环境的制约。

英文合同翻译常见词注解（上）引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一. hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.例1：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.参考译文:业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement 具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2：We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

合同翻译（一）英文合同翻译的用词特点：合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。

要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。

具体体现在下列方面：1．使用情态动词：在合同中使用may，shall，must，may not (或shall not) 时要极其谨慎。

权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体，这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。

may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。

may do不能说成can do，shall do不能说成should do 或ought to do，may not do，在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not。

例如，在约定解决争议的途径时，可以说：The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract byfriendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.本句中的shall和may表达准确。

龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn 浅析英文商务合同的词语特点及其翻译 作者：刘圆圆 来源：《大学教育》2014年第07期

[摘 要]英语商务合同在长期的使用过程中，形成了鲜明的文体特征。合同的词汇的研究，可以从专业用语、正式词汇、一词多义、情态动词、同义词连用等方面，结合典型实例，分析英文商务合同用词的特点。

[关键词]法律商务合同 专业用词 翻译 [中图分类号] H315.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-3437（2014）07-0080-03 一、引言 随着我国对外经济贸易的不断发展，英文商务合同越来越多地出现在各个贸易场合中。作为一种约束力很强的契约形式，商务合同涉及交易双方的责任和义务，与他们的经济利益息息相关，因此合同条款要求用语严谨、易懂、句子结构严密、意思明确无误，既要把阐明的事项面面点到，又要在语义结构上做到滴水不漏、无懈可击。基于此，英语商务合同首先必须具备法律性文件严谨规范的特点，此外其文体的特征还表现为内容专业性强、语法结构平行、间接性指代、语义重叠、频繁使用长句和被动语态，等等。为了充分履行法律文件和商务文本的双重职责，英文商务合同经常使用非专业人士比较陌生的合同标志性词汇或短语，因此掌握这些常见的短语和词汇，就成了攻克合同翻译的关键。

二、词语特点及其翻译 （一）正式词语的使用 商务合同的用词十分讲究，其中的一个主要特点就是通过正式、严谨的词语来显示合同的规范性、约束力和庄严性。

例如：Party B shall not be required to pay forthwith any liquidated damage by virtue of Free Trade Agree.

参考译文：根据自由贸易协议，不应要求乙方立即支付任何违约金。 在本例句中，“forthwith”是公文体，意为 “即刻，马上”，比“at once”或“immediately”正式、严谨；“by virtue of”和“according to ”都有依据的意思，但是前者比后者更为正式。除此之外，英文合同表示“签署”之意时，应用“execute”而不是“sign”或“make”；在表示“但是”之意时，用“provided that”而不是“but”或 “however”；在表示“按照”之意时，用“along the lines of”或龙源期刊网 http://www.qikan.com.cn “in the nature of”而不是“like”；在表示“开始”之意时，用“commence”而不是“begin”或“star”。另外，还有很多意思相近的词，须从句法要求、单词内涵及合同文本上进行选择。在翻译英文商务合同时，应选择正式、严谨的词语使译文和原文在最大限程度上达到用词和风格上的功能对等。

浅谈商务英语中合同的翻译[摘要] 目前，中国的国际贸易、合作逐渐增多，这些商业活动都离不开合同，所以合同的翻译愈显重要。

本文从合同的定义入手，对其中词语及句子等主要几点的翻译做了简要分析。

[关键词] 合同翻译词语翻译句构特点及翻译引言中国在国际经济活动中越来越活跃，与国际的经济交往愈加频繁，这些经济活动都离不开合同，离不开法律条文的监管。

因此翻译合同等法律文件已成为当前研究的一门重要课题。

一、英文合同的定义在英文中，合同一般称为contract或者agreement。

1999年中国《合同法》第二条将contract定义为：a contract in this law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing，that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.据此，合同平等主体之间设立确定民事权利和义务的协议。

二、英文合同中词语的理解和翻译合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。

在翻译的过程中应当特别注意以下几点：1．may, shall, must, may not （或shall not ）may，shall，must，may not (或shall not)是再简单不过的词了，但它们在合同中的使用却需要我们极其谨慎。

may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。

may do不能说成can do，shall do 不能说成should do或ought to do, may not do在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not do，但绝不能用can not do或must not do。