Design of Centrifugal Compressor-2

API617-2023中英文对照1. Introduction1.1 介绍The API617-2023 is a standard developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for centrifugal compressors. This document provides a comprehensive list of English and Chinese terms used in API617-2023.API617-2023是由美国石油学会（API）制定的用于离心式压缩机的标准。

本文件提供了API617-2023中使用的英文和中文术语的全面列表。

2. Definitions2.1 定义•Centrifugal compressor - A compressor that uses rotating impellers to increase the velocity of a gas stream, converting kinetic energy into pressure energy.离心式压缩机 - 一种使用旋转叶轮提高气体流速的压缩机，将动能转化为压力能。

•Impeller - A rotating component with blades or vanes that accelerates gas or fluid.叶轮 - 一种带有叶片或叶片的旋转组件，加速气体或流体。

3. Requirements3.1 要求•The compressor shall be designed to API617-2023 standards.压缩机应符合API617-2023标准的设计要求。

•The impeller shall be balanced to API617-2023 requirements.叶轮应符合API617-2023的平衡要求。

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离心式压缩机（二号、黑体、居中，段后空一行）摘要（小四号、黑体）：离心式压缩机在国民生产中占有重要地位。

可用于化肥、制药、制氧及长距离气体增压输送等装置。

本次设计的主要工作包括：确定合成氨工段循环离心压缩机的结构形式、主体结构尺寸，并确定主要零、部件的结构尺寸及其选型。

首先进行强度和稳定性计算，主要进行了筒体、端盖的壁厚计算、水压试验应力校核以及叶轮、轴的强度校核。

其次，对这些零部件进行结构设计。

整个设计过程都是依据设计规范和标准进行的，设计结果满足工程设计要求。

关键词（小四号、黑体）：离心压缩机；叶轮；结构设计；应力校核；转子轴（英文题目）ABSTRACT: The centrifugal compressor production occupies an important positio in the national. It can be used for fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, oxygen and pressurized long-distance gas transportation, and other devices. The design of the main tasks are: identification ammonia Section cycle centrifugal compressor structure, the main structure size, and identify key zero, parts of the structure and size selection. First of all, for strength and stability, mainly a cylinder, cover the wall, the water pressure check and impeller stress test, the axis of strength checking. Secondly, the structural design of these components. The whole design process is based on norms and standards for design, .engineering design results meet the design requirements. KEY WORDS: centrifugal compressor；impeller；structural design；stress check；rotor shaft目录1 前言 (1)1.1本次毕业设计课题的目的、意义 (1)1.2 合成氨工艺简介 (1)2 离心式压缩机概况 (3)2.1离心压缩机的优缺点 (3)2.2离心压缩机的结构组成 (3)2.3离心压缩机的发展趋势 (4)3 离心式压缩机选型及计算依据 (5)3.1离心式压缩机的气动热力学 (5)3.1.1连续方程 (5)4 离心压缩机设计和选型计算 (7)4.1工艺条件 (7)4.2容积多变指数和压缩性系数的计算 (7)4.2.1确定混合气体的分子量和气体常数 (7)4.2.2容积多变指数和压缩系数的确定 (8)4.3离心压缩机的热力计算 (8)4.3.1压缩机级数确定 (8)5 结论 (10)符号说明 (11)参考文献 (12)致谢 (13)外文翻译 (14)附件 (16)1 前言1.1本次毕业设计课题的目的、意义毕业设计是培养学生综合运用本学科的基本理论、专业知识和基本技能，提高分析与解决实际问题的能力，完成工程师的基本训练和初步培养从事科学研究工作的重要环节。

Tutorial: Modeling a Centrifugal Compressor Using the Single Reference Frame (SRF) ModelIntroductionCentrifugal compressors are used to achieve a high pressure rise in a single stage, and are commonly seen in aircraft and automotive engines, power generation systems, and gas processing applications. Computational fluid dynamics is used extensively in the design and analysis of compressors, with the aim of achieving high efficiency for a target pressure rise and flow rate range.The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate how to set up a centrifugal compressormodel in ANSYS FLUENT. This example represents the Single Reference Frame (SRF)modeling approach for single blade row turbomachinery analysis, as the entire computational domain is referred to a moving reference frame.In this tutorial you will:•Use the SRF modeling with the density‐based solver and Spalart‐Allmaras turbulence model to solve for the compressor flow field.•Use periodic boundary conditions.•Define the turbo topology so that turbo post‐processing can be applied to the results.PrerequisitesThis tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in FLUENT. The SRF capability of FLUENT is used in this tutorial. For more information on SRF modeling, refer to Tutorial 7: Using a Single Rotating Reference Frame of the ANSYS FLUENT 13 Tutorial Guide.Problem DescriptionThe problem involves modeling the steady‐state flow of air through a centrifugal compressor running at 14,000 rpm. There are 20 blade rows (a blade row is a passageway between two adjacent blades on the rotor) in this compressor. To simplify the CFD calculation, the flow is modeled only through a single blade row and uses rotationally periodic boundary conditions on the boundaries between the blade rows. The governing equations are cast in a SRF moving at the speed of the rotor. Air is treated as an ideal gas with constant values of specific heat, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity. The schematic of a single blade row and the complete rotor (repeating a single blade row 20 times) are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively.Figure 1: Single Blade RowFigure 2: Complete RotorPreparation1.Copy the mesh file (eckardt‐comp.msh.gz) to your working directory.2.Start the 3D version of ANSYS FLUENT 13.SetupStep 1: Mesh1.Read the mesh file, eckardt‐comp.msh.gz, into ANSYS FLUENT 13. The grid (28,000 cells)defines a single blade passage of the compressor and assumes that the flow is rotationallyperiodic. Use the graphical display of the mesh to understand the flow domain and thegeometry and plot the various surfaces and zones.2. Check the mesh (MeshÆCheck).Figure 3: Mesh displayNote: It is always a good practice to check the mesh for problems before proceeding with the model set up.Step 2: Models1.General: Enable the Density‐based, Steady‐State solver and retain the default values for theother parameters.2.Turbulence: Enable the Spalart‐Allmaras (1 equation) turbulence model, and retain thedefault values for the other parameters.Note: The Spalart­Allmaras turbulence model is a good and economical choice for mildlycomplex boundary­layer flows in turbomachinery.Step 3: Materials1.Set the density of air to ideal‐gas. The ideal gas model will automatically enable the solutionof the energy equation. For simplicity, we will keep the other fluid properties at theirdefault constant values, though they could be made function of temperature if desired.Step 4: Operating Conditions1.Set the Operating Pressure to 0 Pa, and retain the default values for the other parameters.Note: With the operating pressure set to zero, all the pressures will be absolute pressures.This simplifies the specification pressures for compressible flows in the boundary conditionspanels.Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions1.The cell zone specification for moving frames has changed in ANSYS FLUENT 13, and isshown in the figure below. We first select the “Frame Motion” option, then provide theinputs for rotational axis origin and direction, and rotational speed in the Reference Frame tab.Note: It is convenient to change the units for angular velocity to rpm in DefineÆUnits.Step 6: Boundary Conditions1. Set the boundary conditions for the zone inlet, which is a pressure inlet. To facilitate thepressure inputs, change the units of pressure to atmospheres (atm) in DefineÆUnits.•Set the Gauge Total Pressure and Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure to 1 atm and 0.9atm respectively.•Set the Total Temperature to 288.1 under the Thermal tab.•Set Turbulent Viscosity Ratio as the Specification Method for turbulence and thevalue to 10.2.Set the boundary conditions for the zone outlet as follows:•Set the Gauge Pressure to 1.59.•Set the Backflow Total Temperature to 288 K.•Set the Backflow Direction Specification Method as From Neighboring Cell.•Set Turbulent Viscosity Ratio as the Turbulence Specification Method.3.Set the wall boundary conditions for the moving walls (hub, wall‐blade‐suction, wall‐blade‐pressure) as shown below.4.Set the boundary conditions for the stationary wall (shroud) as shown below:5.Set the periodic boundary condition option for zones periodic‐wall‐1 and periodic‐wall‐2 toRotational.Note: The mesh file used in the present case has the periodic matching defined. If you areusing a mesh from a source which does not defined the periodic matching, and thecorresponding nodes match one­for­one, you can create the periodic zones using the TUIcommand mesh/modify­zones/make­periodic . If the mesh does not match, you can create a non­conformal periodic boundary condition using DefineÆMesh Interfaces.Step 7: Solver Discretization, Controls, and Monitors1.Retain the default solution methods for flow under SolveÆMethods, and set the turbulenceequation to Second Order Upwind. Activate the Pseudo Transient method.2.Retain the default solution controls under SolveÆControls.3.For the residual convergence, set the convergence criterion for Continuity to 1e‐4.4.Create three surface monitors as follows:•Mass flow rate at the inlet•Mass flow rate at the outlet•Mass‐averaged total pressure at the outlet.Note: These surface monitors will be used to assess the convergence of the solution.Step 8: Initializatione the hybrid initialization option (new in ANSYS FLUENT 13) to initialize the flow field.•Before initializing, click on the More Settings… button and enter 20 for the Number of Iterations as shown below.•Close the panel and click on Initialize.Note: The convergence of the hybrid initialization will be printed to the textinterface.Solution1.In SolveÆRun Calculation…, choose the Aggressive option for the Length Scale Option.This will accelerate convergence in the present case.Note: If the solution becomes unstable, retain the default Length Scale Option andreduce the Timescale Factor to 0.1.2.Solve for 800 iterations. The solution should be sufficiently converged, as shown in thefigures below.3.Save the case and data files (eckardt comp.cas.gz and eckardt comp.dat.gz).Figure 4: Scaled ResidualsFigure 5: Convergence History of Mass Flow Rate at InletFigure 6: Convergence History of Mass Flow Rate at OutletFigure 7: Convergence History of Total Pressure on OutletStep 7: Post­processingWe will demonstrate the use of turbo post‐processing for the present case. In order to use turbo post‐processing, we first will define the topology of the flow domain.1. Define topology of the model in Define ÆTurbo Topology...•Name the topology as topology‐1•Assign Boundaries to the Surfaces as shown in the table below.•Click on Define as shown in the figure.Boundaries SurfacesHub hubCasing shroudTheta Periodic period‐wall‐1period‐wall‐2Theta Min wall‐blade‐pressureTheta Max wall‐blade‐suctionInlet inletOutlet outlet2.Create iso‐surfaces of constant meridional coordinate using Surface ÆIso‐Surface...•In the Surface of Constant drop‐down lists, select Mesh... and Meridional Coordinate.•Enter 0.2 for Iso‐Values and meridional‐0.2 for New Surface Name.•Click Create.•Repeat the procedure to define surfaces of meridional coordinates equal to 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8.3.Similarly, create a surface of constant spanwise coordinate of 0.5.4.Display filled contours of static pressure and relative Mach number on these iso‐surfacesusing DisplayÆGraphics and Animations…ÆContours. Use the Draw Mesh option todisplay the outlet of the flow path. Sample images are provided in Figures 8 – 11 below.Figure 8: Contours of static pressure – constant meridional surfaces.Figure 9: Contours of relative Mach number ‐ constant meridional surfaces.Figure 10: Contours of static pressure – constant spanwise surface.Figure 11: Contours of relative Mach number ‐ constant spanwise surface.5.Display the surface static pressure contours as a full wheel plot by first selecting the hub,wall‐blade‐suction, and wall‐blade‐pressure and displaying the static pressure contours,then defining periodic repeats using DisplayÆViews…ÆPeriodic Repeats. The resultingplot is shown in Figure 12.Figure 12: Contours of static pressure – periodic repeats.6.Print the quantitative turbo reports for the blade passage using TurboÆReport… Use mass‐weighted averages to compute the results, as shown below.SummaryIn this tutorial, we considered the SRF modeling for a single blade row turbomachinery analysis of a centrifugal compressor. The density‐based solver was used to compute the solution, and turbo‐post‐processing tools were used to examine the solution and report quantitative data. Additional analysis of the present blade row could be performed to examine the performance of the compressor over a range of rotational speeds and pressure ratios, which would yield an estimate of the compressor map for this design.ReferencesEckardt, D., “Flow field analysis of radial and backswept centrifugal compressor impellers,Part I : Flow measurements using a laser velocimeter,” ASME 25th Annual InternationalGas Turbine Conference, March 9‐13, 1988.。

采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照[ 录入者：admin | 时间：2006-01-06 15:55:05 | 作者：| 来源：] [上一篇] [下一篇]AA-weighted sound pressure level A声级absolute humidity绝对湿度absolute roughness绝对粗糙度absorb ate 吸收质absorbent 吸收剂absorbent吸声材料absorber吸收器absorptions for solar radiation太阳辐射热吸收系数absorption equipment吸收装置absorption of gas and vapor气体吸收absorption refries rating cycle吸收式制冷循环absorption-type refrigerating machine吸收式制冷机access door检查门acoustic absorptive吸声系数actual density真密度actuating element执行机构actuator执行机构adaptive control system自适应控制系统additional factor for exterior door外门附加率additional factor for intermittent heating间歇附加率additional factor for wind force高度附加率additional heat loss风力附加率adiabatic humidification附加耗热量adiabatic humidification绝热加湿adsorb ate吸附质adsorbent吸附剂adsorbed吸附装置adsorption equipment吸附装置adsorption of gas and vapor气体吸附aerodynamic noise空气动力噪声aerosol气溶胶air balance风量平衡air changes换气次数air channel风道air cleanliness空气洁净度air collector集气罐air conditioning空气调节air conditioning condition空调工况air conditioning equipment空气调节设备air conditioning machine room空气调节机房air conditioning system空气调节系统air conditioning system cooling load空气调节系统冷负荷air contaminant空气污染物air-cooled condenser风冷式冷凝器air cooler空气冷却器air curtain空气幕air cushion shock absorber空气弹簧隔振器air distribution气流组织air distributor空气分布器air-douche unit with water atomization喷雾风扇air duct风管、风道air filter空气过滤器air handling equipment空气调节设备air handling unit room空气调节机房air header集合管air humidity空气湿度air inlet风口air intake进风口air manifold集合管air opening风口air pollutant空气污染物air pollution大气污染air preheated空气预热器air return method回风方式air return mode回风方式air return through corridor走廊回风air space空气间层air supply method送风方式air supply mode送风方式air supply (suction) opening with slide plate插板式送（吸）风口air supply volume per unit area单位面积送风量air temperature空气温度air through tunnel地道风air-to-air total heat exchanger全热换热器air-to-cloth ratio气布比air velocity at work area作业地带空气流速air velocity at work place工作地点空气流速air vent放气阀air-water system空气—水系统airborne particles大气尘air hater空气加热器airspace空气间层alarm signal报警信号ail-air system全空气系统all-water system全水系统allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度允许波动范围ambient noise环境噪声ammonia氨amplification factor of controlled plant调节对象放大系数amplitude振幅Energy@angle of repose安息角anger of slide滑动角angle scale热湿比angle valve角阀annual [value]历年值annual coldest month历年最冷月annual hottest month历年最热月anticorrosive缓蚀剂antifreeze agent防冻剂antifreeze agent防冻剂apparatus dew point机器露点apparent density堆积密度aqua-ammonia absorption type-refrigerating machine氨—水吸收式制冷机aspiration psychomotor通风温湿度计Ashman aspiration psychomotor通风温湿度计atmospheric condenser淋激式冷凝器atmospheric diffusion大气扩散atmospheric dust大气尘atmospheric pollution大气污染atmospheric pressure大气压力（atmospheric stability大气稳定度atmospheric transparency大气透明度atmospheric turbulence大气湍流automatic control自动控制automatic roll filter自动卷绕式过滤器automatic vent自动放气阀available pressure资用压力average daily sol-air temperature日平均综合温度axial fan轴流式通风机isotropic mixture refrigerant共沸溶液制冷剂Bback-flow preventer防回流装置back pressure of steam trap凝结水背压力back pressure return余压回水background noise背景噪声back plate挡风板bag filler袋式除尘器bughouse袋式除尘器barometric pressure大气压力basic heat loss基本耗热量hand muffler消声弯头bimetallic thermometer双金属温度计black globe temperature黑球温度blow off pipe排污管lowdown排污管boiler锅炉boiler house锅炉房boiler plant锅炉房boiler room锅炉房booster加压泵branch支管branch duct(通风) 支管branch pipe支管building envelope围护结构building flow zones建筑气流区building heating entry热力入口bulk density堆积密度bushing补心butterfly damper蝶阀by-pass damper空气加热器〕旁通阀by-pass pipe旁通管Ccanopy hood 伞形罩capillary tube毛细管capture velocity控制风速capture velocity外部吸气罩capturing hood 卡诺循环Carnot cycle串级调节系统cascade control system铸铁散热器cast iron radiator催化燃烧catalytic oxidation 催化燃烧ceiling fan吊扇ceiling panel heating顶棚辐射采暖center frequency中心频率central air conditioning system 集中式空气调节系统central heating集中采暖central ventilation system新风系统centralized control集中控制centrifugal compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal fan离心式通风机check damper(通风〕止回阀check valve止回阀chilled water冷水chilled water system with primary-secondary pumps一、二次泵冷水系统chimney(排气〕烟囱circuit环路circulating fan风扇circulating pipe循环管circulating pump循环泵clean room洁净室cleaning hole清扫孔cleaning vacuum plant真空吸尘装置cleanout opening清扫孔clogging capacity容尘量close nipple长丝closed booth大容积密闭罩closed full flow return闭式满管回水closed loop control闭环控制closed return闭式回水closed shell and tube condenser卧式壳管式冷凝器closed shell and tube evaporator卧式壳管式蒸发器closed tank闭式水箱coefficient of accumulation of heat蓄热系数coefficient of atmospheric transparency大气透明度coefficient of effective heat emission散热量有效系数coefficient of effective heat emission传热系数coefficient of local resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of thermal storage蓄热系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coil盘管collection efficiency除尘效率combustion of gas and vapor气体燃烧comfort air conditioning舒适性空气调节common section共同段compensator补偿器components(通风〕部件compression压缩compression-type refrigerating machine压缩式制冷机compression-type refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统compression-type refrigeration压缩式制冷compression-type refrigeration cycle压缩式制冷循环compression-type water chiller压缩式冷水机组concentrated heating集中采暖concentration of armful substance有害物质浓度condensate drain pan凝结水盘condensate pipe凝结水管condensate pump凝缩水泵condensate tank凝结水箱condensation冷凝condensation of vapor气体冷凝condenser冷凝器condensing pressure冷凝压力condensing temperature冷凝温度condensing unit压缩冷凝机组conditioned space空气调节房间conditioned zone空气调节区conical cowl锥形风帽constant humidity system恒湿系统constant temperature and humidity system恒温恒湿系统constant temperature system 恒温系统constant value control 定值调节constant volume air conditioning system定风量空气调节系统continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous heating连续采暖contour zone稳定气流区control device控制装置control panel控制屏control valve调节阀control velocity控制风速controlled natural ventilation有组织自然通风controlled plant调节对象controlled variable被控参数controller调节器convection heating对流采暖convector对流散热器cooling降温、冷却（、）cooling air curtain冷风幕cooling coil冷盘管cooling coil section冷却段cooling load from heat传热冷负荷cooling load from outdoor air新风冷负荷cooling load from ventilation新风冷负荷cooling load temperature冷负荷温度cooling system降温系统cooling tower冷却塔cooling unit冷风机组cooling water冷却水correcting element调节机构correcting unit执行器correction factor for orientation朝向修正率corrosion inhibitor缓蚀剂coupling管接头cowl伞形风帽criteria for noise control cross噪声控频标准cross fan四通cross-flow fan贯流式通风机cross-ventilation穿堂风cut diameter分割粒径cyclone旋风除尘器cyclone dust separator旋风除尘器cylindrical ventilator筒形风帽Ddaily range日较差damping factor衰减倍数data scanning巡回检测days of heating period采暖期天数deadener消声器decibel(dB)分贝degree-days of heating period采暖期度日数degree of sub cooling过冷度degree of superheat过热度dehumidification减湿dehumidifying cooling减湿冷却density of dust particle真密度derivative time微分时间design conditions计算参数desorption解吸detecting element检测元件detention period延迟时间deviation偏差dew-point temperature露点温度diamond-shaped damper菱形叶片调节阀differential pressure type flow meter差压流量计diffuser air supply散流器diffuser air supply散流器送风direct air conditioning system 直流式空气调节系统direct combustion 直接燃烧direct-contact heat exchanger 汽水混合式换热器direct digital control (DDC) system 直接数字控制系统direct evaporator 直接式蒸发器direct-fired lithium bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine 直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机direct refrigerating system 直接制冷系统direct return system 异程式系统direct solar radiation 太阳直接辐射discharge pressure 排气压力discharge temperature 排气温度dispersion 大气扩散district heat supply 区域供热district heating 区域供热disturbance frequency 扰动频率dominant wind direction 最多风向double-effect lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine 双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机double pipe condenser 套管式冷凝器down draft 倒灌down feed system 上分式系统downstream spray pattern 顺喷drain pipe 泄水管drain pipe 排污管droplet 液滴dry air 干空气dry-and-wet-bulb thermometer 干湿球温度表dry-bulb temperature 干球温度dry cooling condition 干工况dry dust separator 干式除尘器dry expansion evaporator 干式蒸发器dry return pipe 干式凝结水管dry steam humidifier 干蒸汽加湿器dualductairconing it ion 双风管空气调节系统dual duct system 双风管空气调节系统duct 风管、风道dust 粉尘dust capacity 容尘量dust collector 除尘器dust concentration 含尘浓度dust control 除尘dust-holding capacity 容尘量dust removal 除尘dust removing system 除尘系统dust sampler 粉尘采样仪dust sampling meter 粉尘采样仪dust separation 除尘dust separator 除尘器dust source 尘源dynamic deviation动态偏差Eeconomic resistance of heat transfer经济传热阻economic velocity经济流速effective coefficient of local resistance折算局部阻力系数effective length折算长度effective stack height烟囱有效高度effective temperature difference送风温差ejector喷射器ejector弯头elbow电加热器electric heater电加热段electric panel heating电热辐射采暖electric precipitator电除尘器electric radian treating 电热辐射采暖electric resistance humidifier电阻式加湿器electro-pneumatic convertor电—气转换器electrode humidifier电极式加湿器electrostatic precipitator电除尘器eliminator挡水板emergency ventilation事故通风emergency ventilation system事故通风系统emission concentration排放浓度enclosed hood密闭罩enthalpy焓enthalpy control system新风〕焓值控制系统enthalpy entropy chart焓熵图entirely ventilation全面通风entropy熵environmental noise环境噪声equal percentage flow characteristic等百分比流量特性equivalent coefficient of local resistance当量局部阻力系数equivalent length当量长度equivalent[continuous A] sound level等效〔连续A〕声级evaporating pressure蒸发压力evaporating temperature蒸发温度evaporative condenser蒸发式冷凝器evaporator蒸发器excess heat余热excess pressure余压excessive heat 余热Clergy@exhaust air rate排风量exhaust fan排风机exhaust fan room排风机室exhaust hood局部排风罩exhaust inlet吸风口exhaust opening吸风口exhaust opening or inlet风口exhaust outlet排风口exhaust vertical pipe排气〕烟囱exhausted enclosure密闭罩exit排风口expansion膨胀expansion pipe膨胀管explosion proofing防爆expansion steam trap恒温式疏水器expansion tank膨胀水箱extreme maximum temperature极端最高温度extreme minimum temperature极端最低温度Ffabric collector袋式除尘器face tube皮托管face velocity罩口风速fan通风机fan-coil air-conditioning system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil unit风机盘管机组fan house通风机室fan room通风机室fan section风机段feed-forward control前馈控制feedback反馈feeding branch too radiator散热器供热支管fibrous dust纤维性粉尘filter cylinder for sampling滤筒采样管filter efficiency过滤效率filter section过滤段filtration velocity过滤速度final resistance of filter过滤器终阻力fire damper防火阀fire prevention防火fire protection防火fire-resisting damper防火阀fittings(通风〕配件fixed set-point control定值调节fixed support固定支架fixed time temperature (humidity)定时温（湿）度flame combustion热力燃烧flash gas闪发气体flash steam二次蒸汽flexible duct软管flexible joint柔性接头float type steam trap浮球式疏水器float valve浮球阀floating control无定位调节flooded evaporator满液式蒸发器floor panel heating地板辐射采暖flow capacity of control valve调节阀流通能力flow characteristic of control valve调节阀流量特性foam dust separator泡沫除尘器follow-up control system随动系统forced ventilation机械通风forward flow zone射流区foul gas不凝性气体four-pipe water system四管制水系统fractional separation efficiency分级除尘效率free jet自由射流free silica游离二氧化硅free silicon dioxide游离二氧化硅Freon氟利昂frequency interval频程frequency of wind direction风向频率fresh air handling unit新风机组rash air requirement新风量friction factor摩擦系数friction loss摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦阻力fume烟〔雾〕fume hood排风柜fumes烟气Ggas-fired infrared heating 煤气红外线辐射采暖gas-fired unit heater 燃气热风器gas purer 不凝性气体分离器gate valve 闸阀general air change 全面通风general exhaust ventilation (GEV) 全面排风general ventilation 全面通风generator 发生器global radiation总辐射grade efficiency分级除尘效率granular bed filter颗粒层除尘器granulometric distribution粒径分布gravel bed filter颗粒层除尘器gravity separator沉降室ground-level concentration落地浓度guide vane导流板Hhair hygrometer毛发湿度计hand pump手摇泵harmful gas adapt有害气体harmful substance有害物质header分水器、集水器（、）heat and moisture热湿交换transfer热平衡heat conduction coefficient导热系数heat conductivity导热系数heat distributing network热网heat emitter散热器heat endurance热稳定性heat exchanger换热器heat flow meter热流计heat flow rate热流量heat gain from lighting设备散热量heat gain from lighting照明散热量heat gain from occupant人体散热量heat insulating window保温窗heat(thermal)insulation隔热heat(thermal)lag延迟时间heat loss耗热量heat loss by infiltration冷风渗透耗热量heat-operated refrigerating system热力制冷系统heat-operated refrigeration热力制冷heat pipe热管heat pump热泵heat pump air conditioner热泵式空气调节器heat release散热量heat resistance热阻heat screen隔热屏heat shield隔热屏heat source热源heat storage蓄热heat storage capacity蓄热特性heat supply供热heat supply network热网heat transfer传热heat transmission传热heat wheel转轮式换热器heated thermometer anemometer热风速仪heating采暖、供热、加热（、、）heating appliance采暖设备heating coil热盘管heating coil section加热段heating equipment采暖设备heating load热负荷heating medium热媒heating medium parameter热媒参数heating pipeline采暖管道heating system采暖系统heavy work重作业high-frequency noise高频噪声high-pressure ho twitter heating高温热水采暖high-pressure steam heating高压蒸汽采暖high temperature water heating高温热水采暖hood局部排风罩horizontal water-film cyclone卧式旋风水膜除尘器hot air heating热风采暖hot air heating system热风采暖系统hot shop热车间hot water boiler热水锅炉hot water heating热水采暖hot water system热水采暖系统hot water pipe热水管hot workshop热车间hourly cooling load逐时冷负荷hourly sol-air temperature逐时综合温度humidification加湿humidifier加湿器humidifier section加湿段humidistat恒湿器humidity ratio含湿量hydraulic calculation水力计算hydraulic disorder水力失调hydraulic dust removal水力除尘hydraulic resistance balance阻力平衡hydraulic水硬性hydrophilic dust亲水性粉尘hydrophobic dust疏水性粉尘Iimpact dust collector冲激式除尘器impact tube皮托管impedance muffler阻抗复合消声器inclined damper斜插板阀index circuit最不利环路index of thermal inertia (valued)热惰性指标（D值）indirect heat exchanger表面式换热器indirect refrigerating sys间接制冷系统indoor air design conditions室内在气计算参数indoor air velocity室内空气流速indoor and outdoor design conditions室内外计算参数indoor reference for air temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度基数indoor temperature (humidity)室内温（湿）度induction air-conditioning system诱导式空气调节系统induction unit诱导器inductive ventilation诱导通风industrial air conditioning工艺性空气调节industrial ventilation工业通风inertial dust separator惯性除尘器infiltration heat loss冷风渗透耗热量infrared humidifier红外线加湿器infrared radiant heater红外线辐射器inherent regulation of controlled plant调节对象自平衡initial concentration of dust初始浓度initial resistance of filter过滤器初阻力impute variable输入量insulating layer保温层integral enclosure整体密闭罩integral time积分时间interlock protection联锁保护intermittent dust removal定期除灰intermittent heating间歇采暖inversion layer逆温层inverted bucket type steam trap倒吊桶式疏水器irradiance辐射照度isenthalpic等焓线isobutene等湿线isolator隔振器isotherm等温线isothermal humidification等温加湿isothermal jet等温射流Jjet射流jet axial velocity射流轴心速度jet divergence angle射流扩散角jet in a confined space受限射流KKat thermometer卡他温度计Llaboratory hood排风柜lag of controlled plant调节对象滞后large space enclosure大容积密闭罩latent heat潜热lateral exhaust at the edge of a bath槽边排风罩lateral hood length of pipe section侧吸罩length of pipe section管段长度light work轻作业limit deflection极限压缩量limit switch限位开关limiting velocity极限流速linear flow characteristic线性流量特性liquid-level gage液位计liquid receiver贮液器lithium bromide溴化锂lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithium chloride resistance hygrometer氯化锂电阻湿度计load pattern负荷特性local air conditioning局部区域空气调节local air supply system局部送风系统local exhaust ventilation (LEV)局部排风local exhaust system局部排风系统local heating局部采暖local relief局部送风local relief system局部送风系统local resistance局部暖通专业词汇中英文对照air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材brass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessories水冷机组配件chiller assembly水冷机组组装clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dry coil units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system直接回水系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawing No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理机组ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图layout 设计图leaving air temp 出风温度leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping assembly 配管rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置] rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置] reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气] recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。

化工常用英语词汇化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照一、化工装置常用词汇n方案(建议书)proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案设计XXX工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off XXX审核会议review meeting外商投资foreign investment中外合资XXX XXX中外合营XXX XXX补偿贸易XXX合同合同附件contract卖方vendor买方buyer主顾client承包商contractorpany供应范围scope of supplyn scopen capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及外表流程图piping and instrument drawing物料及热量均衡图mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水均衡图steam & condensate balance diagram装备安置图equipment layout装备表equipment list成品(产品)product(final product)副产物by-product原料raw-material设想根蒂根基数据basic data for design 技法术据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设想划定design n现场效劳site service工程变换project change用户变换client changen quota技术转让technical XXX技术知识technical know-how technical knowledge手艺包管technical XXX咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical servicesnn field报价XXX标书bidding bookpany profit牢固价条约fixed price contract固订单价条约fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award XXX银行保证书XXX保存XXXe XXX特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work XXX事情流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC res采购计划procurement plann plann le项目实施计划XXX工程和谐步伐project n re工程总进度打算project master le 设想搜集打算engineering ork logic工程质量包管project quality assurance工程质量掌握project quality control采购procurement采购周期procurement d 会签XXXn XXX询价inquiryn运输XXX开车start up / n验收XXX校核XXX考核review审定approven部门department专业specialty工程号project number 图号drawing number目录contents序文forewordXXXnXXXXXXXXXXXX（技术表）technical data sheetTBA(技术评标）technical bid analysisPDPpreliminary design packagePM (工程司理)project managerLDE(专业负责人)lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单)Material n for nMRP(材料采购单)material n for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包)basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图)piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFDprocess flow diagramNNFnormally no flowFOfailure openFCfailure closeXXXDDP（详细设计阶段）detail design phase二、工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇进程batch process工艺叙说process n工艺特性process feature nn副回响反映XXXn浮洗XXX倾析XXX催化反应catalytical nn中和XXX水解hydrolysisn干燥dryingnnXXXnn分化syntheticsnnXXX结晶XXXn调治modulate 控制control nn再生XXXn沥取leaching 破碎crushing nnnnn固化、n包装package 升华XXXnnnnn3、化学物资及特征固体solid液体liquid气体gaspound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒XXX结晶crystaln氧化物oxidizing agent cing agentanic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich XXX贫液XXX萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水XXX酸度acidityn碱度alkalinity消融度solubilityn point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率XXX粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)表面appearance无色的colorless(a)透亮的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalystnnn temperaturebustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile XXX爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸极限explosive n limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise nnn力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比XXX环境温度ambient temperature事情温度operating设想温度design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏障泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵XXX涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双感化来去泵double n reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed ic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴XXX锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器XXX电加热器electric XXX 冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat XXX反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator夹杂器mixer静态夹杂器static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing XXX破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机XXX球磨机ballmill过滤器filter星散器separator枯燥器XXX翅片fins烟囱stack火把flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器XXX蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽XXX电除尘器electric precipitator 洗濯器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器XXX增稠器thickener廓清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump放射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器装备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式紧缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式紧缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat XXX螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat n column 板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling towernating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分派（布）器liquid distributor填料撑持板support plate定距管spacerer升气管chimney顶(底) (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head XXX中间XXX加料槽feed XXX补给槽make-up XXX计量槽measuring XXX电解槽cell溜槽chute搜集槽collecting XXX液滴星散器knockout drum 稀释罐XXX缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof XXX内浮顶罐covered floating roof XXX 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风星散器cyclone separator partment XXX真空干燥器vacuum drier地道式枯燥器XXX回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through n drier喷雾干燥器spray drier 气流干燥器XXX圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破裂机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破裂机roll XXX锤式破碎机XXX打击破裂机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机XXX棍磨机rod millXXX mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root'XXX起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发机电generator电动机motor汽轮机steam XXX5、管道工程piping engineering1阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包孕密封圈,杆等)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖XXX手轮hand XXX手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve撙节阀XXX针阀XXX角阀(角式截止阀)angle valveY型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve 三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型)wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valvebined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞XXX cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀XXX XXX升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valveXXX valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve平安灰心阀safety[SV]平安泄放阀relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀XXXXXX) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve高温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀XXX浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted XXX自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力均衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀XXX减压阀pressure cing valve掌握阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential XXX (shut-off。