MIT-SCIENCE-Lectures-Quiz_2(1)

选择性必修其次册UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Ⅰ.阅读理解Jose Hernandez made his dream of becoming an astronaut a reality and he did so despite unbelievable difficulties.“I was working in a field near Stockton，and I heard on my radio that Franklin Chang-Diaz had been selected for the Astronaut Corps，”said Jose，who was a senior in high school at the time.“I was already interested in science and engineering，”Jose remembered.“But that was the moment I said，‘I want to fly in space.’”As one of four children in a migrant(移民)farming family from Mexico，Jose—who didn’t learn English until he was 12 years old—spent much of his childhood traveling with his family from Mexico to southern California each March，then working northward to the Stockton area by November，picking strawberries and cucumbers at farms along the route.They would then return to Mexico for Christmas and start the cycle all over again in the spring.“Some kids might think it would be fun to travel like that，”Jose laughed.“But we had to work.”After graduating from high school，Jose was admitted into the University of the Pacific.In 1987，he accepted a full-time job with Lawrence National Laboratory.In 2001，Jose joined the Johnson Space Centre，where he came face-to-face with Franklin Chang-Diaz.“We actually had common experiences—a similar upbringing，the same language issues.That built up my confidence.Any barriers that existed，he had already overcome them，”Jose smiled.“Now it’s my turn！”“NASA rejected me not once，not twice，not three times but 11 times.It wasn’t until the 12th time that I got selected，”he said.Jose was selected as part of the 19th class of astronauts in 2004.He circled the globe 217 times but remains a down to Earth guy. Jose Hernandez received the 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award and he continueshis long history in the field of engineering and space.1.What made Jose determined to be an astronaut?A.The influence of Astronaut Corps.B.The success of Franklin Chang-Diaz.C.His interest in science and engineering.D.The experience of working in the field.2.What can we learn about Jose as a child?A.He did much farm work.B.He traveled a lot for fun.C.He hated learning English.D.He obeyed his family in everything.3.How did Jose feel when he met Franklin Chang-Diaz personally?A.Inspired.B.Valued.C.Relaxed.D.Puzzled.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Climb over BarriersB.Reach for the StarsC.Work the Hard WayD.Learn from Your PastPeople who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆) than those who routinely manage seven hours，according to a major study into the disease.Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s，60s and 70s consistently had a short night’s sleep，regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.Sabia，an author of the study at the University of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London’s Whitehall study，which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10，000 Britishvolunteers.The French team focused on nearly 8，000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.During 25 years of follow-up，521 participants developed dementia，with most diagnosed in their late 70s.Writing in Nature Communications，the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia，since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease.But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious，as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain.When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia，this process had probably not started.This meant that if they were sleeping too little，it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.“It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life，”said Dr.Liz Coulthard，a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology.“It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep，avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine，particularly before bed，and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”5.What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on?A.Sleep loss.B.Age.C.Poor mental health.D.Heart condition.6.How did French scientists get the research findings?A.By making a comparison.B.By monitoring sleep patterns.C.By interviewing British volunteers.D.By analyzing previous survey data.7.In what tone do the scientists talk about the research?A.Casual.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Cautious.8.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.To give examples.B.To collect proofs.C.To offer suggestions.D.To present arguments.Ⅱ.完形填空It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday.I was at the __1__，on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow.But something began to __2__ inside me as I watched the people around me—headphones hanging from their ears，__3__ cast down，unsmiling faces.They looked unhappy.And I realized that I was one of them.Suddenly，I could no longer __4__ with my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.Over the years，I had grown more __5__due to the pressure of finishing my Ph.D.Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the __6__ of what I had hoped for.I began to feel lonely and __7__.I became less and less productive in my scientific work.I __8__ my breaking point that day at the bus stop.I had to end this.I emailed my professors，explaining that I had put the __9__ first and myself second for too long.Shortly after I got back home，I started to receive some emails from my workmates—I guessed they expected me to join them again soon.After a few __10__ asking how I was，in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life.Vulnerable researchers were __11__ their heads out of their shells (壳)，seeking help.It occurred to me that we all __12__ sometimes，and our vulnerability (脆弱) seemed so much alike that I __13__ myself from all that had bothered me for days.Actually it can be a __14__ game，instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses.Working withothers and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions __15__：it means we can all succeed.1.A.cafe shop B.bookstoreC.supermarketD.bus stop2.A.awaken B.tackleC.settleD.disappear3.A.nose B.eyesC.neckD.arms4.A.go B.continuebineD.exchange5.A.mature B.academicpetitiveD.positive6.A.output B.alternativeC.caseD.opposite7.A.inspired B.lostC.pureD.guilty8.A.spotted B.markedC.hitD.set9.A.evaluation B.adaptationprehensionD.occupation10.A.jokes B.linesC.callsD.accounts11.A.sticking B.standingC.bringingD.figuring12.A.choke B.urgeC.sufferD.hesitate13.A.discouraged B.bannedC.freedD.prevented14.A.brand-new B.non-controversialC.so-calledD.win-win15.A.unimportant B.improperC.irregularD.illogicalⅢ.语法填空(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal-time habits of more than 500 people for six years，1.____________(find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2.____________(frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal.It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食) 3.____________ a useful weight loss strategy. Intermittent fasting，also referred to as time-restricted feeding，is a dietary strategy where all meals 4.____________(consume) during a short window of time each day.These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours，resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day.The idea reveals 5.____________ is no link between the time of a person’s eating window each day and weight changes.“Based on other studies that have come out，including 6.____________(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn’t produce 7.____________ instant impact on weight loss，”said doctor Bennett.“What does matter，however，is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals，less frequently，is 8.____________ ultimately leads to weight loss.All of this doesn’t mean intermittent fasting strategies won’t help.But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9.____________(see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake.It doesn’t mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10.____________(lose) weight.选择性必修其次册UNIT 1Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

2024年邵阳市高三第一次联考试题卷英语本试卷8页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

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第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

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1．What is the chair made of?A．Wood.B．Metal.C．Plastic.2．What does the man think of the food in the restaurant?A．Boring.B．Special.C．Great.3．Where does the man come from?A．New York.B．Washington.C．Los Angeles.4．What is the next TV program?A．The news.B．A quiz show.C．A documentary about animals.5．Where are the speakers?A．In a library.B．In a bookstore.C．At a coffee shop.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

(1)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA"Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, _1_________ a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he _2_____(rise) to become a famous doctor, and even attended_3_______ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire _4_____________ (destroy) cholera once and for all.In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection _5______ germs in food or water. Snow subscribed _6______ the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was _7________ severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out _8_________.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places _9_____________ all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). _10_____________, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water _11_________ the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _12_____________ (deliver) to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. _13_____________ (according), he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump _14_____________ (infect) by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much _15_____________ (likely) to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Through Snow's _16_____________ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. _17_____________ (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow _18_____________ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.(2)THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACEPerhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact _1_________ China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit "who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an _2_____________ (extreme) well-respected man.Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. _3_____________, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. _4______ a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people _5_____________ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres.After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put _6_______ charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China _7_____________ (offer) rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When _8_____________ (ask) "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?", his reply was a _9_____________ (determine) "Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make."Under Qian's leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, _10_____________ (follow) by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also _11_____________ (trace) back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of "the father of China's aerospace".Qian read a lot and was extremely _12_____________ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest _13_________ other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation _14_________ art often gave him _15_____________ (inspire) in his scientific research.On 31 October 2009, the whole country _16_____________ (sadden) by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.(3)A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHTStephen Hawking was one of the most famous and _1_____________ (gift) scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and _2_____________ (use) a computer to talk. Since he came down _3__________ a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories _4________ the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, _5__________ holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's _6_____________ (lecture), Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory --- and not the steady state theory ---was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of _7_____________ others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight _8__________ his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd _9_____________ (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(4)AI AND HUMAN BEINGSIs it possible to make machines think like humans? This is one question in research in the field of Artificial Intelligence, or "Al". To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality, hopes, and dreams. Humans are capable _1________ making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. In addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. The question is _2____________ machines can ever really think in all these aspects.The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for _3_______ (it) terrifies many people. In some films, Al even decides that all humans must be killed. Many people are also concerned that Al will be used to replace humans.Yet others are comforted by the thought of Al. Maybe with Al, robots can be made to replace loved ones who _4_____________ (die). Today, the creation of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and it is likely that they will grow more important in our lives as time _5_____________ (go) by. However, the need for such robots does not seem to be as critical as our need for intelligent machines that can solve problems by learning from their observations and experience.For example, Al is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and _6_______ a personal assistant in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find what we want and like. Al is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. Researchers are also experimenting with the use of Al in _7_____________ (driver) cars which can sense their surroundings and decide _8_______ the best way to reach a destination. It is also being used in education, particularly in online courses. Furthermore, industries that use robots for repetitive or dangerous work often turn to Al to manage these electronic workers. In addition, virtual assistants are also being used in some homes today. In the near future, _9________ is likely that Al will be used to manage smart homes and handle an even greater _10_________ (various) of tasks such as setting out favourite clothes and helping us with our personal grooming.The Al of today has already proven its superiority to humans in many areas. Do you think that we can create a robot that thinks like a human or one that is even _11_____________ (intelligent)? If so, is there _12_____________ (true) a difference between Al and a human?(5)DA VINCI'S WORLDEveryone is quiet as they enter the narrow room. The crowd ignores the many beautiful paintings on the walls and pushes to the room's far end. There, they gaze _1_______ a single small painting of a smiling woman. So many people have crowded in to have a look at the painting that most can only get a quick look at it. Then they _2_____________ (force) to move on.This painting is the Mona Lisa created in the early 16th century by the Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. It was kept away from the public until 1797, 3_______ it was put on display at the Louvre Museumin Paris. Art critics only first began to notice the painting in the 1850s. Then, in 1911, the painting was stolen. By the time the painting was finally recovered in 1914, it _4___________ (become) an international sensation. Many agreed that it was one of the greatest paintings ever made, by one of the world's greatest painters.Even as a young boy, da Vinci showed promise as an artist. When he was fourteen years old, he was sent to learn art in Florence, Italy. He trained for seven years, and then _5_________ (strike) out on his own, working for wealthy men throughout Italy, and later for the king of France. Even though Leonardo began his career as a painter, he most often worked as an engineer. One reason was that he painted very slowly, and sometimes did not even finish his work. Another reason was that Italy was at war, and people needed engineers to help build city defences more than they needed artists. _6__________, even though da Vinci worked as an engineer, he still found time to paint, creating some of his greatest artworks during this period.After da Vinci's death, _7_____ was discovered that he had kept many notebooks describing and illustrating his work, his inventions, and his scientific research. While his notebooks were collected and prized by the kings of Europe, none of _8___________ were published until the late 19th century. Until then, few people had had any idea _9___________ they contained._10_____ it turned out, his notebooks are an amazing treasure box of drawings of people, animals, plants, and fantastic inventions, such as airplanes, tanks, robots, and diving equipment. Then, there are accurate studies of the human body, _11_____________ (show) bones and muscles with such detail that would not be seen elsewhere for four hundred years. Along with these drawings are notes describing his work. _12_____________ (odd), many of these notes are written backwards: You have to hold them up to the mirror in order to read them. Many of these notes are scientific in nature, _13_____________ (involve) his research in many different fields. His notebooks show that he was not only the greatest artist of his time, but the greatest scientist as well.This raises the question: What was more important to da Vinci, science or art? Da Vinci once said, "Practice must always _14_____________(found) on sound theory ... The painter who draws merely by practice and by eye, without any reason, is like a mirror which copies everything placed in front of it but does not know those things exist." Here, "reason" means an understanding of what is being painted. In da Vinci's mind, before he could paint something, he had to examine it, take it apart, and even see _15_______ it worked. Thus, his scientific research served his art.Yet, this is too simple of a picture of the man. Da Vinci was always full of _16_____________ (excite) to explore, to discover, and to create. He saw no division between art, invention, and science - they were all a part of his wonderful new world of discovery. Thus, some of da Vinci's paintings were really science experiments,in that they used new chemicals and processes from his research. At the same time, his scientific drawings are considered beautiful pieces of art in their own right, _17_________ many of them were created to help him understand what he was painting. Da Vinci's desire to create and his interest in the world around him drove both his art and his science.So what can we learn from this? Few of us will ever be _18________ gifted and intelligent as da Vinci. Yet, all of us can learn from his spirit. We can produce things of beauty, create new inventions, and increase our scientific knowledge. Furthermore, we can be creative in solving difficult problems. _19___________ none of us may ever be able to paint something as beautiful as the Mona Lisa, we can all do our small part to make the world a better place.选修二unit1课文填空训练。

2024年山东省青岛市英语高三上学期期中自测试题与参考答案一、听力第一节（本大题有5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分）1、What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. The importance of sports in school life.B. The upcoming school sports competition.C. The benefits of having a school sports team.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation revolves around the preparation for a school sports competition, indicating that the main topic is the upcoming competition. The speakers do not discuss the importance of sports in school life or the benefits of having a sports team, making option B the correct answer.2、How does the man feel about the school’s new policy on cell phone usage?A. He supports the policy and believes it’s necessary.B. He dislikes the policy and thinks it’s too strict.C. He’s indifferent and doesn’t have a strong opinion.Answer: BExplanation: The man expresses his dissatisfaction with the new policy on cell phone usage, stating that he thinks it’s too strict and unnecessary. Hisnegative tone and the fact that he directly criticizes the policy suggest that he dislikes it, making option B the correct answer.3、You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Question: What does the student who is making the plans suggest doing for their weekend activity?A. Going to the movies.B. Visiting a museum.C. Going hiking.D. Staying home and studying.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the student who is making the plans mentions, “Let’s go visit the new museum downtown.” This indicates that they are suggesting visiting a museum as their weekend activity.4、You will hear a short dialogue between a teacher and a student discussinga school project. Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.Question: What does the teacher advise the student to do regarding the project?A. To work on it alone.B. To ask for help from a friend.C. To do more research.D. To submit it as is.Answer: CExplanation: The teacher is heard saying, “I think you need to do more research on the topic. It’s important to have a well-informed presentation.” This suggests that the teacher advises the student to do more research for their project.5.How much money does the woman plan to spend on her sister’s birthday gift?A. 50 dollars.B. 150 dollars.C. 300 dollars.D. 500 dollars.Answer: B. 150 dollars.Explanation: The woman mentions that she wants to buy her sister a gift that costs about$150, which is the amount she plans to spend.二、听力第二节（本大题有15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）1、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.W: Hi, Mike, how was your weekend?M: It was pretty good, actually. I went hiking with my friends. We went up to the mountains and it was amazing. How about you, Sarah?Q: What did Mike do over the weekend?A: Mike went hiking with his friends.B: Mike stayed at home.C: Mike went to the beach.D: Mike visited his family.Answer: AExplanation: The listener can infer from the conversation that Mike spent his weekend hiking with friends.2、Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the correct information.M: I heard that the school is organizing a charity event next month. Are you planning to participate?W: Definitely! I’m thinking of volunteering at the food distribution center. What about you?M: I’m not sure yet, but I’m interested in helping with the fundraising activities.Q: What does the woman plan to do at the charity event?A: Help with fundraising activities.B: Volunteer at the food distribution center.C: Organize the event.D: Attend as a guest.Answer: BExplanation: The woman explicitly mentions her intention to volunteer at the food distribution center, which is the correct answer.3.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekendplans. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the question that follows.Question: What activity does the girl want to do with her friend on Saturday afternoon?A. Go shoppingB. Watch a movieC. Visit a museumD. Go hikingAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the girl says, “I heard there’s a new movie out this weekend. Maybe we can go see it together.” This indicates that she wants to watch a movie with her friend.4.You will hear a talk about the importance of healthy eating habits. Listen carefully and answer the question that follows.Question: According to the speaker, which of the following is a good reason to eat a balanced diet?A. It helps improve concentrationB. It can help prevent heart diseaseC. It allows you to maintain a healthy weightD. All of the aboveAnswer: DExplanation: The speaker mentions that a balanced diet is essential for good health, and it helps in various ways. They explain that it improves concentration,prevents heart disease, and allows you to maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, the co rrect answer is “All of the above.”5、You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What does the second student plan to do on Saturday?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit a friend.C. Attend a sports game.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the second student mentions that they havea friend coming over on Saturday, so they plan to visit that friend.6、You will hear a short passage about the importance of healthy eating habits. Listen and answer the following question.Question: What is the main reason why healthy eating habits are important?A. To lose weight.B. To improve academic performance.C. To maintain good health.Answer: CExplanation: The passage emphasizes that maintaining good health is the primary reason for adopting healthy eating habits. While losing weight and improving academic performance may be indirect benefits of healthy eating, the passage clearly states that good health is the main objective.7.You are going to listen to a conversation between two students discussing their school project. Listen and answer the following question.Question: What subject are they discussing for their school project?A)ChemistryB)HistoryC)LiteratureD)BiologyAnswer: B) History解析：In the conversation, the students mention that they are working on a historical project about ancient civilizations. This indicates that they are discussing history.8.Listen to a short lecture about the benefits of exercise. Answer the following question.Question: According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise?A)Improved cardiovascular healthB)Weight lossC)Enhanced cognitive functionD)Increased risk of injuryAnswer: D) Increased risk of injury解析：The lecture discusses the various benefits of regular exercise, including improved cardiovascular health, weight loss, and enhanced cognitive function. It does not mention an increased risk of injury as a benefit, so thisis the correct answer.9.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project. Listen and answer the question.Question: What subject are they discussing for their project?A) HistoryB) ScienceC) LiteratureD) MathematicsAnswer: B) ScienceExplanation: The students mention conducting experiments and collecting data, indicating that they are discussing a science project.10.You will hear a dialogue between a teacher and a student about an upcoming test. Listen and answer the question.Question: What advice does the teacher give to the student regarding the test?A) Study more in the libraryB) Focus on past exam questionsC) Relax and don’t worry too muchD) Review the course outlineAnswer: B) Focus on past exam questionsExplanation: The teacher suggests that the student review past exam questions to help prepare for the upcoming test, which is a common study tipfor tests.11.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their plans for the weekend. Listen and answer the question.Question: What are the students planning to do on Saturday afternoon?A. Go shopping.B. Attend a sports game.C. Visit a museum.D. Go to the beach.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, one student mentions that they have a basketball game on Saturday afternoon, indicating their plan to attend a sports game.12.You will hear a short interview with a famous author. Listen and answer the question.Question: What does the author say is the most important thing when writing a novel?A. The plot.B. The characters.C. The setting.D. The research.Answer: BExplanation: During the interview, the author emphasizes the importance ofwell-developed characters in making a novel engaging, suggesting that characters are the most important aspect when writing a novel.13、What does the speaker mainly talk about in the passage?A. The history of ancient civilizations.B. The impact of technology on modern society.C. The importance of environmental conservation.D. The development of renewable energy sources.Answer: C.Explanation: The speaker emphasizes the need for individuals to take responsibility for protecting the environment, discussing various ways people can contribute to conservation efforts.14、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned asa way to conserve the environment?A. Reducing the use of plastic bags.B. Planting more trees in urban areas.C. Increasing the consumption of fossil fuels.D. Recycling waste materials.Answer: C.Explanation: The passage highlights several positive actions like reducing plastic use, planting trees, and recycling waste. It explicitly states that increasing the consumption of fossil fuels is harmful to the environment and should be avoided.15.How much money does the man plan to spend on the new phone?A.$500B.$600C.$700D.$800Answer: B.$600Explanation: The man mentions that he has been saving up for the new phone for the past three months, and he has managed to save$600. Therefore, he plans to spend$600 on the new phone.三、阅读第一节（第1题7.5分，其余每题10分，总37.5分）First QuestionRead the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question.The Clock Without HandsIn the early days of timekeeping, clocks were designed with hands that moved around a dial to indicate the hours, minutes, and sometimes seconds. However, in the digital age, the concept of time has evolved beyond the traditional clock face. One innovative timepiece that captures this evolution is the ‘Clock Without Hands’. This unique clock is a large wall-mounted display that uses patterns of light to show the time. Instead of hands, it features an array of LED lights arranged in a circle. Different patterns of these lights turning onand off represent different times.The idea behind the ‘Clock Without Hands’ was to create a piece o f art that not only tells the time but also serves as a decorative element for any room. The designer, John Lightfoot, wanted to challenge people’s perceptions of how time could be displayed. He believed that the act of checking the time could be made more engaging if it involved a bit of a puzzle.Since its release, the ‘Clock Without Hands’ has gained popularity among art enthusiasts and tech-savvy individuals who appreciate its blend of form and function. Despite its complexity, users find it surprisingly intuitive once they understand the system of light patterns. It has become a symbol of modernity and a conversation starter in many homes and offices.1、What is the main purpose of the ‘Clock Without Hands’?A. To replace traditional watches completely.B. To offer a decorative alternative to conventional clocks.C. To make telling the time more complicated.D. To use less electricity than standard clocks.Answer: B.2、Who designed the ‘Clock Without Hands’?A. John SmithB. Jane LightfootC. John LightfootD. James WrightAnswer: C.3、According to the passage, what is one reason why people like the ‘Clock Without Hands’?A. It is cheaper than regular clocks.B. It can be used as a night light.C. It is easy to read after learning the system.D. It uses no electricity at all.Answer: C.4、Which group of people is mentioned as appreciating the ‘Clock Without Hands’?A. Traditional clock makersB. Art enthusiasts and tech-savvy individualsC. People who dislike modern artD. Those who prefer analog displaysAnswer: B.以上就是一个模拟的高三英语阅读理解题目。

2024届北京市清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试1月测试英语试卷一、阅读理解From hawk hikes to private sleepovers at the zoo, there is a great selection of animal-related experiences available to groups. Here are some top options to get closer to various wonderful wildlife.Chester ZooThe newest attractions here are the Madagascar Lemur Walkthrough experience, which gives visitors the opportunity to walk alongside ring-tailed and red-ruffed lemurs, and the interactive American Wetland Aviary, which is home to birds like scarlet ibises and flamingos. Group rates are available for parties of 15 or more and there are various catering options, including sit-down meals at the restaurant at the heart of the zoo.ZSL Whipsnade ZooUntil September 2022, it is offering groups of up to 60 the opportunity to experience a private Nature Night, on which they’ll get to explore the zoo privately after the public has left, take part in activities like quizzes, camp overnight, and get up early for a private tour along the green trail before it reopens to the public again.West Midland Safari ParkThe latest attraction at the park is the new African Walking Trail. Opened in May, the trail features three viewpoints that allow visitors to see the park’s African animals on foot. There’s also a four-mile drive-through safari area with red panda, penguin and lorikeet areas. Groups of ten plus, arriving in the same vehicle, can save more than 40%.Knowsley Safari ParkThe five-mile safari drive through the site takes you past free-roaming lions, rhinos and more than 100cheeky baboons. There’s a foot safari area, where the highlight is the Amur Tiger Trail with transparent walled viewing areas where you can get nose-to-nose with 450-pound tigers. Groups of 15 people and more, arriving in one vehicle, qualify for special ticket rates.1．Who is the passage intended for?A．Animal-loving students.B．Forest hiking fans.C．Group tour organizers.D．Wildlife preservationists.2．Visitors can experience private tours in ________.A．Chester ZooB．ZSL Whipsnade ZooC．West Midland Safari ParkD．Knowsley Safari Park3．From the passage, we know that ________.A．delicious meals are offered to tourists in the four parksB．private tours are available in the four parksC．all the parks can provide driving-through servicesD．visitors can have access to walking trails in the four parksScientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021.Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She end ed up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics.But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) trackthat included classes in math and sciences, and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college.Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome.Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry to think about a course which is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年), she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later.Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to LosAngeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel's on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!”4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Bertozzi is one of those scientists who made significant new discoveries.B．Bertozzi was the only female to win a Nobel Prize in science in 2021.C．Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals throughout her college years.D．Bertozzi initially planned to become a doctor.5．The underlined word in Para. 3 means ________.A．tell B．disobey C．approach D．threaten6．The organic chemistry course Bertozzi took was known to be ________.A．easy and enjoyableB．difficult to pass for pre-med studentsC．popular among hair metal band playersD．a required course for all college students7．What kind of person do you think Carolyn Bertozzi is?A．Brave and sympathetic.B．Athletic and critical.C．Humble and passionate.D．Talented and creative.Willie Sutton, a once celebrated American criminal, was partly famous for saying he robbed banks because “that’s where the money is.” Actually, museums are where the money is. In a single gallery there can be paintings worth more, taken together, than a whole fleet of jets. And while banks can hide their money in basements, museums have to put their valuables in plain sight.Nothing could be worse than the thought of a painting as important as The Scream, Edvard Munch’s impressive image of a man screaming against the backdrop of a blood-red sky, disappearing into a criminal underworld that doesn’t care much about careful treatment of art works. Art theft is a vast problem around the world. As many as 10,000 precious items of all kinds disappear each year. And for smaller museums in particular, it may not be a problem they can afford to solve. The money for insurance on very famous pictures would be budget destroyers even for the largest museums.Although large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies, the greatest problem is small institutions. Neither can afford heavy security. Large museums attach alarms to their most valuable paintings, but a modest alarm system can cost $500,000 or more. Some museums are looking into tracking equipment that would allow them to follow stolen items once they leave the museums. But conservators are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the object. Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards, relying instead on elderly staff.Thieves sometimes try using artworks as money for other underworld deals. The planners of the 2006 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin, who stole 18 paintings, tried in vain to trade them for Irish Republican Army members held in British prison. Others demand a ransom (赎金) from the museum that owns the pictures. Once thieves in Frankfurt, Germany, made off with two major works by J.M.W. Turner from the Tate Gallery in London. The paintings, worth more than $80 million, were recovered in 2012 after the Tate paid more than $5 million to people having “information” about the paintings. Though ransom is illegal in Britain, money for looking into a case is not, provided that police agree the source of the information is unconnected to the crime. All the same, where information money end s and ransom begins is often a gray area.8．Why do smaller museums face a greater challenge in preventing art theft?A．They lack experienced staff.B．They cannot afford high-tech security systems.C．They do not have valuable artworks.D．They lack interest in art conservation.9．What is the concern of conservators regarding the use of tracking equipment to prevent art theft?A．It might damage the artwork.B．It is too expensive for smaller museums.C．It is difficult to insert into the paintings.D．It is ineffective for valuable paintings.10．From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ________.A．the thieves demanded a ransom from the Tate GalleryB．the Tate Gallery regained the lost paintings illegallyC．the money paid was considered an information fee, not a ransomD．the police requested the Tate Gallery to pay the money11．The purpose of this passage is ________.A．to remind criminals to protect and preserve the paintingB．to give suggestions on how to avoid the crimes of art theftC．to urge museums to set up more advanced security systemsD．to make people aware of art theft and the necessity of good security systemsWho cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has ledthose countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.12．What are the effects of people’ misjudgments on the influences of new technology?A．It stimulates innovation.B．It affects their personal opinions.C．It influences their use of resources.D．It leads to improved technology.13．Why is the “digital divide” a concern related to the fascination with the Internet in rich countries?A．It leads to competition between rich and poor countries.B．It results in a lack of access to technology in developing countries.C．It increases the cost of computer equipment in rich countries.D．It promotes global digital cooperation.14．From Paragraph 4, we know that ________.A．donating for technology is always the better optionB．the author does not provide opinions on this matterC．donating for technology and basic needs should be balancedD．donating for basic needs should be prioritized over technology15．What is the passage mainly about?A．Significance of information and communication technology.B．Serious consequences of over-emphasizing high technology.C．Technological trends guiding economic policy making.D．How to use donation money in the new age.There’s a Symphony Just Below the Surface — Can You Hear It?Imagine it’s your birthday, and your friends and family pool their money to get you the best gift you can imagine: tickets for fabulous seats to see your favorite musical act. But what if you got to the venue and something terrible had just happened to you? 16 . Even while facing the prospect of extreme difficulty in your life, you are so thrilled to see your favorite group that fora couple of hours, you can put all of that behind you.17 . That is the ability to suspend our fears and worries and focus on what we love. In the example of the concert, we know that when the music ends, we may go back to our concerns, but while it’s playing, there is nothing we can do about them, so we might as well just give in.Life always has its music, and we don’t need to be front-row center at a concert to hear it. Throughout our lives, no matter what else is going on, a melody is present. But we are often so focused on the present moment that we fail to hear the melody. 18 .We can become magnificent listeners to life, with enough practice. And let’s face it, this is something we were born to do, so the skill is there, waiting for us to employ it. We can tap into the music, and when we do find ourselves distracted from it, we can use consciousness to bring us right back. It is as simple as saying, “OK, I’m distracted again; I am going to start listening again.”19 .Life is always playing music, but we have to listen, and we listen by being present. We can do this. 20 . When we do this, we’ll discover that the symphony inside of us is magnificent.A．As humans, we have been given a wonderful giftB．These feelings may last several minutes or even last several hoursC．In a word, wisdom and patience are the things that listening to the music of life requires D．Soon, we will find that we have to redirect ourselves less and less, and we hear the music more and moreE．You’d broken your knees, say, or you learned of a failure of examF．The noise of our worry drowns out all the other things we might otherwise hear and enjoy G．We just need to realize and engage with the music of life that is always playing二、完形填空When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read a(an) 21 article in the newspaper, which said that people were 22 old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping(丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e waste contains harmful 23 that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had 24 this organization to help solve community problems two years before.But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e waste and their 25 on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste 26 and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it.Alex and his friends went into 27 . They advertised in the local newspaper and 28 notices to students, asking residents to bring their 29 electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they 30 over 9,500 kilograms of e waste.The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to 31 electronic devices and it is seven times more 32 than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish(翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.For a 33 solution to e waste, the drop off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016,WIN helped 34 for an e waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e waste. The bill clearly 35 the dumping of e waste.Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.21．A．alarming B．terrifying C．embarrassing D．inspiring 22．A．carrying B．burying C．taking D．destroying 23．A．subjects B．restrictions C．bacterial D．chemicals 24．A．developed B．recognized C．formed D．restored 25．A．affects B．effects C．consequences D．attempts 26．A．properly B．instantly C．constantly D．gradually 27．A．enthusiasm B．action C．behavior D．energy 28．A．distributed B．contributed C．established D．conducted 29．A．unexpected B．unwanted C．useless D．meaningless 30．A．obtained B．collected C．ordered D．donated 31．A．break down B．take in C．expose to D．deal with 32．A．efficient B．economical C．effective D．beneficial 33．A．lasting B．physical C．original D．crucial 34．A．push B．delay C．accept D．pass 35．A．prevents B．permits C．predicts D．forbids三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

高三英语科技发展单选题40题1. With the development of artificial intelligence, machines can ____ complex tasks much faster than humans.A. carry outB. carry onC. carry awayD. carry through答案解析：A。

carry out表示执行、开展，在句中表示机器能比人类更快地执行复杂任务，符合语境。

carry on表示继续进行，后面一般接with sth或者doing sth，在这里用法不符。

carry away表示拿走、使着迷，不符合句子要表达的意思。

carry through表示完成、使渡过难关，也不符合句子含义。

2. Quantum computing has the potential to ____ many traditional computing limitations.A. break throughB. break downC. break upD. break out答案解析：A。

break through表示突破，量子计算有突破传统计算限制的潜力，符合题意。

break down表示分解、出故障等，break up 表示分手、打碎等，break out表示爆发，这三个选项均不符合句子语境。

3. The new technology in self - driving cars allows them to ____ various obstacles on the road.A. get aroundB. get overC. get throughD. get across答案解析：A。

get around表示避开、绕过，自动驾驶汽车的新技术能让它们避开路上的各种障碍。

get over表示克服（困难等），get through表示通过（考试等）、接通（电话等），get across表示使被理解，均不符合句子意思。

高中英语世界著名科学家单选题50题1. Albert Einstein was born in ____.A. the United StatesB. GermanyC. FranceD. England答案：B。

解析：Albert Einstein（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦）出生于德国。

本题主要考查对著名科学家爱因斯坦国籍相关的词汇知识。

在这几个选项中，the United States是美国，France是法国，England是英国，而爱因斯坦出生于德国，所以选B。

2. Isaac Newton is famous for his discovery of ____.A. electricityB. gravityC. radioactivityD. relativity答案：B。

解析：Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿）以发现万有引力gravity）而闻名。

electricity是电，radioactivity是放射性，relativity 是相对论，这些都不是牛顿的主要发现，所以根据对牛顿主要成就的了解，选择B。

3. Marie Curie was the first woman to win ____ Nobel Prizes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four答案：B。

解析：Marie Curie 居里夫人）是第一位获得两项诺贝尔奖的女性。

这题主要考查数字相关的词汇以及对居里夫人成就的了解，她在放射性研究等方面的贡献使她两次获得诺贝尔奖，所以选B。

4. Thomas Edison is well - known for his invention of ____.A. the telephoneB. the light bulbC. the steam engineD. the computer答案：B。

解析：Thomas Edison（ 托马斯·爱迪生）以发明电灯（the light bulb）而闻名。

无锡市第一中学2024-2025学年度第一学期期中考试高一英语2024.11第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will the man do next?A.Take an exercise class.B.Have a shower.C.Swim in a pool.2.How does the man suggest the woman get to the airport?A.By subway.B.By bus.C.By car.3.Why does the man want to study abroad?A.To learn English quicker.B.To.gain valuable experience.C.To study at a good university.4.What is the man doing?A.Receiving a health checkup.B.Interviewing an applicant.C.Applying for a job.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A winter sport.B.A hiking trip.C.Weather conditions.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。