2018年上海高三英语一模作文范文汇编

虹口区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2017.12第I 卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2:02. B. 2:20. C. 2:50. D. 2:32.2. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.3. A. At a hairdresser’s. B. At the dentist’s.C. At a fashion show.D. At the tailor’s.4. A. The man lost his way. B. The man was locked in the room.C. He couldn’t open the door.D. He didn’t want to enter the room.5. A. She is working at a newspaper.B. She used to change her job quite often.C. She often has lunch with her supervisor.D. She wants her supervisor’s comments on her work.6. A. The man’s glasses are up to date.B. The man should wear his glasses in class.C. The man should have changed his glasses.D. The man shouldn’t sit at the back of the classroom.7. A. Take the bus with him. B. Drive him home from the station.C. Call him this evening.D. Drive him to the station.8. A. Where he is studying. B. What subject he is studying.C. How long he has been abroad.D. When he is returning.9. A. She wants to buy a new computer. B. She wants to know more about computers.C. She is unwilling to listen to the man.D. She believes what the man is talking about.10. A. Because she hasn’t shown up. B. Because she drives too slowly.C. Because she is very rude to him.D. Because she is always in a rush.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A laboratory assistant. B. A doctor.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.12. A. He will be punished severely.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He can make up the classes.D. He will be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.13. A. It should be cut.B. It must be fastened tightly back.C. It should be reported as an accident.D. The long hair wearer will be asked to leave the class.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In the 1870s. B. In 1926. C. By 1940. D. By 1817.15. A. He wanted to cut back production costs.B. He wanted the working people to earn more money.C. He thought the Americans’ life should be organized in a bette r way.D. He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy.16. A. People drink a lot of alcohol.B. Night movies sell more tickets.C. TV shows more films of murder and love.D. People do things with emotion and purpose at night.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The design of the courses. B. The choice of the courses.C. The registration of the courses.D. The evaluation of the courses.18. A. Mathematics. B. Modern History.C. Chemistry.D. International Trade.19. A. Go directly to the classes. B. Ask other students for help.C. Speak to Professor Anderson.D. Go to the registration office first.20. A. To register at least one selective course every term.B. To register for at least one course each year.C. To register for the courses before the deadline.D. To choose no more than two courses every term.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude caneasily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” said HR Li. “He lp them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.” he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Migrant workersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater 50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are 52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive.41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words49. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected54. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potentialSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave intervie ws and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Ar mstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD. planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58.By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of ourdaily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognizedB. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.(B)You may read the questions first.Indian Heroes and Great ChieftainsThe book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.Name: Sitting BullBirth: 1831Death: 12-15-1890He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, acomposer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and CheyenneNations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but heturned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He ledhis people during years of resistance to United States government policies andwas killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.Name: Crazy HorseBirth: 1842Death: 9-5-1877Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior（勇士）and a gentle leader as well as abrave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux,celebrated for hisbattle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions andway of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, hefought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars.Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deedsand not of wor ds”.Name: Red CloudBirth: 1822Death: 12-10-1909He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In1868, he refused to sign a treaty(条约), which stated that the Black Hillsdidn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t beentered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’sbook Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing thegovernment to give in and pull out of the area.Name: Lozen QuanahBirth: late 1840sDeath: 1890Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people.She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good atriding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skillwas considere d to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?A. He was friendly to his soldier.B. He showed great courage.C. He was a great talker.D. He was respected.61. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. Sitting Bull disliked travelingB. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian historyC. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrowsD. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses62. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.A. show Indians’ lives to readersB. describe great Indian heroes and heroinesC. show the history of the IndiansD. comment on a history book(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, anAmerican benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds(对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s e nd, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable(不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of I relandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer pr ograms. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people b ecome less likely to volunteer in the future. 68Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The resear chers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can helpstrengthen role identity”.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy – someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individual s struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified prof essionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.熬夜大大影响健康。

2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and nurse.D. Boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. Pass the journal. B. Listen to the woman.C. Repeat his request.D. Take the journal himself.4. A. Exciting. B. Disappointing.C. Interesting.D. Satisfactory.5. A. To make a budget for her. B. To buy a gift for Mary.C. To give her mother information about Mary.D. To give some suggestions.6. A. He wants to visit china. B. He wants to earn a lot of money.C. He wants to finish his study.D. He wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. He will explain to the woman what happened.D. He will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. Good weather tomorrow. B. The vacation plan.C. Getting up early in the morning.D. Possible heavy traffic.9. A. Interested. B. Fascinated. C. Hostile. D. Reluctant.10. A. Intelligence determines admission to college.B. Highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. Successful college students are usually intelligent.D. A successful college motivates its students.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. Two terms. B. Three terms. C. Four terms. D. Five terms.12. A. Because he had been a policeman.B. Because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. Because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. Because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. They want people in Los Angeles voted.B. An introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. The reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. Something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. He has more than fourteen pills a day. B. He has two pills a day.C. He has four times a day.D. He has nine pills a day.15. A. All of them. B. Three kinds of medicine.C. Two kinds of medicine.D. Almost none.16. A. Children over twelve years old. B. Older people with a fever.C. Old people with heart attack.D. Adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. She has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. She has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. She has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. Because the new equipment is not available now.B. Because the patient has made too many complains.C. Because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. Because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. A technician in the hospital lab. B. A doctor working in the hospital.C. A teacher working in the school.D. Head of hospital administration.20. A. She will be likely to quit her job.B. She still feels at a loss as what to do.C. She will complain to the administration.D. She will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn't mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21) ______ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and we nt to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22) _______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23) _______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24) _______ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools “were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25) _______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26) ________ (educate) their children. Many people say thatcomprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27) _______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28)________ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools (29)_______ ________ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30) __________had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a (n) __31__ creature.A team of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world's most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects' __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn't always straightforward.“Record ing mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing-beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study's leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ their direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito's special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n)___41____ between intoxication (醉酒) and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness andCognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people's creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol's well-known effect in ___42___ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Sometimes a reduced ability to ___43____ one's attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that ____44_____ attention and focus, in particular, stimulants (兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking. ___45___, very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual ____46____ to the drugs. ___47___, some research has found that while stimulants can ___48___ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more ___49 ___ to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be ___50 ___ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is ___51 ___in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by___52___ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you'll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors___53___that their study findings don't give people ___54___ to get drunk to “inspire the muse (冥想).” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society's Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are sligh tly drunk——not when people drank to ___55___. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. affectionSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said, “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, l don't know how I'm going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps (食品券).My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn't know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband's resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn't a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit, “I couldn't help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you're going through a really hard time right now. I'm so sorry. I'd like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card's only two words, she began to cry. And th rough her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh my. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car - and began to cry too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman's family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough limeD. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ________.A. It greatly encouraged herB. She could use it to buy foodC. It could solve her present problemD. It could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means________.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ________ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perf ect place to watch sea lions, sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves (小海湾), ”says Bramblett. July and August aren't peak gray whale migration season, but there's still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper's home nearby aren't cheap —you'll shell out up to $385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEW AREDangerous currents. Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for tip currents. To get out of a dangerous current, don’t panic, warns Tom Grill, a spokesman for the U. S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you're no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally (成对角线地) toward the shore. BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand from your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred from the section SLEEP that __________.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people.61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach？A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don't swim straight toward the shore when there're dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT_____.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner-like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a great change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists —people trained to analyze large bodies of information —key workers in this emerging "cognitive" technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems（欺诈监测系统）, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital —particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle —are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1, 000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100, 000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of "smart" applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation？A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning？A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What's the author's main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage？A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition：An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning：A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts：A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.___67____ It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don't indulge (放纵) yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. ___68__ Don't try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. __69___ If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, whereas a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they see you are coming.__70___ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and beck me up.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father's Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers' warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father's warmth first influences daughters' sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers' involvement and teenage boys' belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。

浦东新区2017学年第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷{本卷满分140分，口试10分另加）完卷时间：120分钟}第一卷I. Listening Comprehension ( 25分)Section A - Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400. C. $ 250. D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor. C. A news reporter. D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive. C. Pleasant. D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. V olumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well.B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away.B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire.B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.II. Grammar and Vocabulary ( 20分)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者).She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21)________ recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitement internationally (22)________ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype (原型) for a flashlight (23)________(power) by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)________ she couldn’t afford electricity. Sh e had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,” Makosinski explained. “I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles ( 珀耳帖贴片) that produce energy when one side (26)________(heat) and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)________ (use) only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? “Start now. There (28)________ be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think ‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ (29)________ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)________ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is onePuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (31) _______ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (32) _______ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (33) _______ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be (34) _______ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (35) ______ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (36) _______ to humans’ attention and that expressions are (37) _______ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were (38) ______ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (39) _______ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were (40) _______. “Domestic dogs have a unique history – they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.III. Reading comprehension ( 45分)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers. I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but ___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation (烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistle gave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too much for the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___ gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing ___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41.A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42.A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43.A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44.A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46.A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47.A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48.A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49.A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50.A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51.A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52.A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53.A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54.A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55.A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mash ed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an e lectric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause b ad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s g arlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohe, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen ($2.8).56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word ”blunder” in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai ?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including:●target audience●brand names●slogans●pictures and colour●special offers/coupons●emotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-oldworking mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste.AlliterationPictures and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create a view of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid.Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold , blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertis ers often appear to offer ‘something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are an incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one. Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60.What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A.Green.B.Red.C.Orange.D.Yellow.61.Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A.Mosquito Bye Bye Bye. (RADAR)B.We do, we said. (HENNESSY)C.M&Ms melt in your mouth (M&Ms)D.Start ahead.(REJOICE)62.According to the passage, to retain the regular customers, advertising companies tend to ______________.A.impress them with colorful picturese promotional strategiesC.change slogans frequentlyD.create eye-catching brand names( C )Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Insti tute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sul ci (the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect) to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities; having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel (a tooth’s hard, outer layer); or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five- to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine- to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out_________.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulne ss of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the “science fact” of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage (《神奇旅程》). In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.____67____ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medical procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as “quantum dots ( 量子点)”, whose diameters are one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ____68____ Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up so that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.____69____ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ____70____.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.第二卷(请写在主观答题纸上)IV. Summary Writing ( 10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to ma nage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out t he fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. (280 words)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. Translation ( 15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble co ncentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for no w,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link be tween their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the college count. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed prese ntation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suitable for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them。

2018年高三一模作文汇编2017年已接近尾声，还记得年初你为自己定下的小目标吗？不知你是否实现了你的小目标？发一个微信朋友圈来回顾一下吧（文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）。

你的朋友圈文字内容需包括：1. 你的2017年度小目标；2. 你为实现年度小目标所作的努力；3. 你实现（或没有实现）年度小目标的经验总结。

范文：My new year’s resolution for 2017 was that I should be able to communicate with foreign people in English. To achieve this goal, I had asked my English teacher for help. According to her suggestions, I made up a plan.Firstly, I started with simply reading English articles and found many pronunciation errors in my reading after listening to the video tape of its recording. Then, I tried to learn phonetics and practice one syllable after another again and again. I started with a single word, then a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph and finally the whole passage. After 3-month practice, I was able to read an article fluently without making any mistakes in pronunciation. I felt happy. Next, I practiced my listening. By listening to a passage four times, I required myself to take it down without spelling errors or any information blank. Last but not least, I installed an app called Shanbei Oral English on my phone to practice both my listening and speaking. It’s like having conversations with a robot. I had to understand what it said to me and answer its questions accordingly. After practicing for almost 8 months, I had my first talking session with an American teacher in our school. I was proud of myself.What I have learnt from this experience is something as a saying goes: no pain no gain. Though the process of learning could be dull and tiring, it’s worth all the efforts after I achieved my goal. Even if I didn’t, it’s still a valuable part of my life.阅卷作文8+8+4=20The wonderful year of 2017 is drawing to an end. I remember that I set an annual goal to keep fit at the beginning of 2017, since staying healthy is crucial to ensuring my study, thus better prepare myself for Gaokao.To achieve my goal of keeping fit, here are some efforts I’ve taken throughout the year. On the very first day of 2017, I downloaded a fitness app called Keep. Following the fitness instructions the app offered, I exercised every other night before I go to bed. Also, I did some research into the daily nutrition I need in order to stay he althy both physically and mentally, after which I devised a moderate dieting plan. Apart from the above, I’ve invited family members and friends to join me so that we can encourage each other and exchange fitness experience.So far, the record shown on my fitness app shows that I’ve done well this year, reaching a record high of 200 training times in total. Although at times I felt like giving up because of too much study pressure and limited time, I’m glad I have stuck to my plan. It seems to me that anyth ing is possible if I throw in all of my energy and passion, and most of all, perseverance. Some rules apply to study. So I hope I will keep such passion and strength to do my best in the coming 2018. （237 words）点评：1．文本结构段落清晰，符合作文题目要求。

杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017. 12本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a professor's office. B. In a second-hand book shop.C. In a library.D. In a hospital.2. A. 10 yuan. B. 20 yuan.C. 30 yuan.D. 50 yuan.3. A. House agent and customer. B. Shop assistant and customer.C. Car mechanic and car owner.D. Employer and employee.4. A. The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B. The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C. They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D. The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A. She always talks bad about her colleagues.B. She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C. She is good at handling complicated relationships.D. She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.C. Preparation for Christmas.D. Ways to save electricity.7. A. Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B. It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C. The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D. Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A. The man decides to go home by rail.B. Most people travel by car during the festival.C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A. He is not a bit overweight.B. He likes his fitness instructor.C. She has set too many rules for him.D. She should talk with his personal trainer.10. A. Greeks are not allowed to get married before 18.B. Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C. American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D. Greek parents will take care of children until they are 18.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across.B. The burn is small but very painful.C. The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged.12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C. Treat the burned area with cold running water.D. Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain.C. To speed recovery.D. To reduce stickiness.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet.C. A mini camera.D. An alarm clock.15. A. The wallet will sound an alarm.B. It will track the thief with GPS system.C. It will contact the bank to block balance.D. Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16. A. It's out-dated in this digital age.B. It can text messages automatically.C. It is a multifunctional wallet.D. It is unique in appearance and function.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B. She can’t go out on school night.C. Her mother is not available.D. She doesn’t like the band.18. A. His parents set a strict rule for him.B. His parents don’t care when he is back.C. He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D. He envies those who have curfews.19. A. Promoting maturity. B. Giving sense of security.C. Improving sense of responsibility.D. Discouraging independence.20. A. It’s a severe punishment. B. It’s for her good.C. It’s a rid iculous practice.D. It’s an exceptional case.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping(发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoy ed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航）systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the beginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones t oday still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’ time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D. currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that cloth es that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closest in m eaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)RAINFOREST ADVENTURE TIPS1.Find out about the trail and surroundings, be sure thatyou have enough time to complete the entire routebefore darkness falls. Do not stray off the path tochase after animals.e good judgment regarding the fitness level requiredfor the trek（徒步跋涉）, and know your physical limits.3.Always inform the park officials or let someone knowof your plans and destination for the day, especially ifgoing alone.4.Take plenty of water and pack a few easy to eat snacksto keep energy level up. Unless trekking with a localguide, it is not advisable to eat jungle fruit or drinkfrom any water source.5.Be as quiet as possible to avoid scaring any wildlife.Getting an early start during the dawn provides thebest chance to sight animals seeking food and thewarmth of the early morning sun.6.Wear thin, loose, preferably cotton clothing to remaincomfortable.7.Cover arms and legs with long trousers andlong-sleeved shirts to ward off mosquitoes and toprovide protection against thorny plants.8.Be prepared for sudden rain showers by carrying aponcho that wraps over both body and your carryingpack to keep everything dry.9.Choose footwear with proper ankle support and goodtraction.10.A wide brimmed hat helps to shade a trekker from the60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnell y of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite (寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse（多样化的） compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,”John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’teven twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,”Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,”Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。

上海高三一模英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Shanghai Senior Three First Model English CompositionAs the first semester of the school year comes to an end, senior three students in Shanghai are gearing up for their first round of exams – the first model exam. This exam, which covers all the material learned in the first semester, is crucial as it sets the tone for the rest of the academic year.Preparation for the first model exam begins months in advance, with teachers assigning extra homework and holding review sessions to ensure that students are well-prepared. Many students also take advantage of online resources and study groups to reinforce their understanding of the material.One of the subjects that students find most challenging is English. With its complex grammar rules and vast vocabulary, English can be a daunting subject for many students. However, with plenty of practice and dedication, students can improve their English skills and achieve success on the first model exam.To excel in English, students must focus on all aspects of the language, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Reading English articles, novels, and newspapers can help students improve their reading comprehension skills and expand their vocabulary. Writing practice is also essential, as it allows students to hone their grammar and sentence structure. Engaging in conversations with classmates and teachers can improve students' speaking and listening abilities.During the first model exam, students will be tested on all these aspects of English, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing. To perform well on the exam, students must manage their time effectively and remain calm under pressure. They should carefully read and understand each question before providing their answers, and revise their work to eliminate errors.Ultimately, success on the first model exam requires hard work, dedication, and a positive attitude. By studying diligently and seeking help when needed, senior three students in Shanghai can achieve their academic goals and pave the way for a successful future.In conclusion, the first model exam is a crucial milestone for senior three students in Shanghai. By focusing on their Englishskills and putting in the necessary effort, students can excel on the exam and set themselves up for success in the rest of the academic year. With determination and perseverance, Shanghai students can overcome any challenges they face and achieve their academic goals. Good luck to all senior three students on their first model exam!篇2Shanghai Gaokao English Topic: Shanghai High School First Model Exam English EssayThe Shanghai high school first model exam is an important milestone in the journey of high school seniors as they prepare for the college entrance exam, also known as the Gaokao. For many students in Shanghai, this exam serves as a benchmark of their academic abilities and a predictor of their performance in the final Gaokao exam. In this essay, I will explore the significance of the Shanghai high school first model exam and its impact on students' academic success.The first model exam in Shanghai is typically held in the third year of high school, during the second semester. It covers a wide range of subjects, including Chinese, mathematics, English, and other core subjects. However, the English exam is often seen asone of the most challenging due to its emphasis on reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. Students are expected to demonstrate their proficiency in English by answering a series of multiple-choice and free-response questions that test their language skills and critical thinking abilities.For many students, the first model exam is a stressful and nerve-wracking experience. It's not uncommon for students to spend countless hours studying and preparing for the exam, hoping to secure a high score that will impress colleges and universities. The pressure to perform well can be overwhelming, leading to feelings of anxiety and self-doubt. However, for those who are able to navigate the challenges of the first model exam successfully, the rewards can be significant.Achieving a high score on the first model exam can open doors to prestigious universities and scholarship opportunities. Many top-tier colleges and universities in Shanghai and throughout China use the results of the first model exam as a key factor in their admissions process. A strong performance on the English exam, in particular, can demonstrate a student's communication skills and language proficiency, setting them apart from other candidates. As a result, students who excel onthe first model exam are more likely to secure a spot at their dream school and pursue their academic goals.In addition to its impact on college admissions, the first model exam serves as a valuable learning experience for students. By challenging themselves to master the material and perform to the best of their abilities, students can develop important skills such as time management, critical thinking, and problem-solving. The process of preparing for and taking the exam can also help students build resilience and perseverance, qualities that are essential for success in academics and beyond.Overall, the Shanghai high school first model exam is a crucial stepping stone for students as they prepare for the Gaokao and pursue their higher education goals. While the exam may be daunting, it offers students an opportunity to showcase their academic abilities, challenge themselves, and achieve their aspirations. By approaching the first model exam with determination and dedication, students can position themselves for success and set the stage for a bright future.篇3Shanghai Senior Three First Model English CompositionHigh school students in Shanghai, especially senior three students, are currently preparing for their first model examinations. This is a crucial time for these students as they are getting ready to take a major assessment that will determine their academic performance and potentially impact their future plans. The first model exams are a significant milestone in their academic journey, and students across Shanghai are feeling the pressure as they work hard to excel in these assessments.Preparation for the first model exams typically begins months in advance, with students dedicating countless hours to studying and revision. Subjects such as mathematics, Chinese, English, and science are given special attention, as these are the core subjects that make up the exams. Teachers also play a vital role during this period, providing extra support and guidance to help students perform at their best.Apart from academic preparation, students also focus on developing effective study habits and time management skills. Many students create study schedules and set goals to ensure that they cover all the required material before the exams. Additionally, they participate in mock exams and practice tests to familiarize themselves with the exam format and improve their problem-solving abilities.The first model exams are not only a test of academic knowledge but also a test of mental resilience. The intense pressure and expectations placed on students can be overwhelming, causing immense stress and anxiety. In order to cope with these challenges, students are encouraged to take care of their mental and physical well-being by practicing relaxation techniques, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.Despite the challenges and pressures, the first model exams are an opportunity for students to showcase their hard work and dedication. It is a chance for them to demonstrate their academic abilities and strive for excellence. With the support of their teachers, parents, and peers, students in Shanghai are determined to succeed in the first model exams and achieve their goals.As the first model exams approach, students are reminded to stay focused, stay positive, and believe in their abilities. They are encouraged to approach the exams with confidence and determination, knowing that their hard work will pay off in the end. The first model exams are just the beginning of their academic journey, and with perseverance and dedication,students in Shanghai can overcome any obstacles and achieve success.。

2017学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2017.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a bank. B. On the street. C. At home. D. In a cafe.2. A. A concert. B. A book sale. C. A banquet. D. An art exhibition.3. A. 50 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. An hour and a quarter.D. An hour and a half.4. A. The train will arrive on time. B. The train is late due to the storm.C. The woman will take the next train.D. The woman has to wait for the train.5. A. She talks too much. B. She doesn’t like speaking.C. She is always very frank.D. She often talks loudly.6. A. She doesn’t want to have a birthday party. B. She doesn’t like the gift.C. She wants to forget her birthday.D. She doesn’t want to grow old.7. A. The woman doesn’t want to go out in the evening.B. The film is not worth seeing at all.C. The man won’t go to the movies with the woman.D. The man is very tired from his work.8. A. The summer this year is terribly hot. B. Last summer was even hotter.C. Hot weather helps people lose weight.D. Light was stronger this morning.9. A. He should have invited Mary. B. He is doing business with Mary.C. He was not a man of his word.D. He didn’t want to ask Mary to the party.10. A. She would rather invite more people to come.B. They prepared too much food at a previous meeting.C. The family members always eat a lot.D. They should prepare more food and drinks.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She was born in a poor family.B. She worked as a doctor in her early life.C. She spent her whole life in London.D. She decided to help the poor when she was young.12. A. Because of the poor living conditions.B. Because she was sent to a settlement house.C. Because of her health problem.D. Because her family moved to another city.13. A. She founded the first settlement house in America.B. She wrote books about the problems faced by the poor.C. She introduced laws to help workers, women, and children.D. She helped those who had come to America from other countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are available in different languages except Russian.B. They are a range of useful desktop publishing packages.C. They are not allowed to be taken out of the college.D. They can help the students with their language learning.15. A. Consult him frequently. B. Use the computer regularly.C. Occupy the computer early.D. Print essays patiently.16. A. Micro-computer lab service. B. Facilities of a college.C. The use of micro-computers.D. The operating of printers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is the journalist of a local newspaper.B. He is a huge fan of international stories.C. He is an experienced editor of a TV program.D. He is an advocate for environmental protection.18. A. Current trends in economic development. B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. International relations and foreign policies.D. Conflicts among different political parties.19. A. Based on what the public wants to know.B. By interviewing people who have stories.C. By analyzing the current social problems.D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.20. A. First-hand stories. B. Practical experience.C. Audience’s feedback.D. Educational background.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a dead grasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh’s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.“We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he’s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What’s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.”Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect’s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it somehow landed on the artist’s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong__(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural ar eas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became __(41)__ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not __(42)__ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on __(43)__, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the __(44)__ goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurrie dness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases __(45)__ for time-saving products. “More __(46)__, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate __(47)__ over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal eff ect was __(48)__. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than __(49)__ versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose __(50)__ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational beh aviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate __(51)__.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food __(52)__ whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “__(53)__, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is __(54)__ a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no __(55)__ at all.”41. A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour44. A. common B. unconscious C. primary D. temporary45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions46. A. naturally B. strikingly C. fortunately D. personally47. A. gain B. proof C. respond D. attention48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant51. A. cultivation B. resistance C. satisfaction D. awareness52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to53. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. For example D. In addition54. A. promoting B. assuming C. insulting D. assessing55. A. chance B. sense C. rush D. harmSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One of the most inspiring quotes I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The difference between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.” I personally experienced the wisdom of that understanding right after my first book was published. Like many authors, I expected hundreds of bookstore custo mers lining up for me to sign copies for them. I’m afraid to say, it didn’t quite happen like that.My first signing was arranged at the largest bookstore in the city. Filled with anticipation, I was put into a private signing room in the beautiful store. Despite a nice sign placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room. As each minute passed, I became increasingly anxious.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover?After 90 minutes of this torture, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, “Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. There was something different about the way they were looking at me that I couldn’t quite identify. But I didn't know what else to say. The couple turned to each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” My heart began to pound. But I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book caught on and sold well, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me moving ahead. Thanks to them, I would come to the realization that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge... one hurdle... one step... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the importance of _________.A. conscienceB. successC. confidenceD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and frustration.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”, the author probably means that __________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who appreciated his writing(B)60. The Raise mobile app is supposed to provide __________.A. sales information on school suppliesB. discounted gift cards for school itemsC. online shopping guidelinesD. a barcode on your phone61. If a college student wants to budget his finances and prevent himself from overspending, he will probablyneed _________.A. iStudiez ProB. SelfControlC. MintD. LifeSite Vault62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To help college students increase learning efficiency.B. To recommend some helpful applications to students.C. To compare different types of online learning tools.D. To explain how to use some modern applications.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celledor simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s origina l system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with little modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book —said: “All children, except one, grow up.” (67)________________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged frompuzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo.(68)________________According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.(69)________________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”(70)________________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline of the UK fa shion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it —and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, ma king him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。

2017学年长宁嘉定第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Interesting.C. Brilliant.2. A. At a publishing house.C. At a bookstore.3. A. An actor.C. A director.4. A. Receptionist and guest.C. Manager and customer.5. A. The models.C. The show.6. A. Moved.C. Satisfied.7. A. An amazing article.C. A local election.8. A. The woman is thinking of changing her idea.C. The man dislikes the food offered there. B. Reasonable.D. Ridiculous.B. In a printing shop.D. In a library.B. A translator.D. A writer.B. Boss and secretary.D. Interviewer and job hunter.B. The new fashion.D. The secret girls.B. Young.D. Old.B. A boring book.D. A fascinating topic.8.The woman gives the man so many choices.D. The man has trouble deciding what to eat.9. A. No one has Jackie,s signature.B.Others desire Jackie,s signature more than Jim.C.Jim really wants Jackie,s signature most.D.The woman shows no interest in Jackie,s signature.10. A. Mr. Johnson has no idea where to get the result.B.Mr. Green is the person to announce the result.C.Mr. Johnson won,t know the result until Monday.D.Mr. Green hasn't got the result up till now.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will beasked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14 .A. Asking for candies.B. Dressing up in costumes.C. Hanging round drinking alcohol.D. Having fun taking pictures.15 .A. Halloween is a festival time just for kids.B. All the streets were closed off by the policemen in Tokyo.C. The business targeting adult consumers expands in the US.D. Adults fail to follow the tradition of costume wearing. 16 .A. The great success of Halloween industry.B. The changes in the celebration of Halloween.C. The traditional presentation of Halloween.D. The popularity of Halloween festival in Japan.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.19 .A. Because of the refund policy.B. Because items on final sale couldn,t be exchanged.C. Because of the damage of the item.D. Because the customer didn,t have a credit card. 20 . A. Appealing.B. HelpfulC. Informative.D. Tricky.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.11 . A. He told a lie days ago.C. He broke the record.12 .A. They met the fake policeman.C. They got into fights with each other. 13 .A. Better late than never.C. Doing is better than saying.B. He was robbed in the Rio games. D. He was attracted by new sponsors. B. They quarreled with security guards. D. They lost their personal property. B. Honesty is the best policy. D. Seeing is believing.17 .A. To return the money.C. To get a microscope. 18 .A. The quality was so poor.C. The color was dark blue. B. To get a sweatshirt.D. To return a sweater. B. The label was in Chinese. D. The price was too high.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students ’ achievement, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development.21 (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena(竞技场)in which the United States 22 (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. But in no case is there a fully 23 (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is weakest in communities 24 students, needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States is to eliminate “barriers” to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy 25 (ensure) that teachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. 26 does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation 27 (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools. 28 such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are unlikely to fire weak teachers, 29 they feel they won,t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching 30 (improve). Although there are good reasons to argue for stronger evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.On LeadershipWhat is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define, but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don't force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that 31 creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don,t work alone. They recognize that an organization,s strategies for success require the 32 talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst (［催化剂)for transforming those talents into Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They havea(an) 34 to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not 35 with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as 36 of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are 37 rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people 38 to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they're 39 to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is 40 . And all concerned will be motivated to work together.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Study of Point of View and ArgumentEveryday life is an interaction of points of view. Sometimes these interactions pass by virtually 41 , like when you find yourself forc ed to buy the newest cell phone but suddenly stop and ask yourself, ‘Do I even need this thing?’ and then realize that the latest ad campaig n ha s 42 you of something without you really knowing it. Sometimes these interactions with others are obvious and deeply felt, like when an emotional argument 43 over why your father won,t quit smoking even though his health is 44 —you only see your desire for him to be OK, he only sees his independence. Then there are those times when these sorts of 45feel delighted—like when you voice your opinion, as you do every year at the Thanksgiving table, about some political issue, and finally-after years of trying-see the 46 of ‘hmm, you may be right, on your uncle,s face.Advertising, media, novels and even the people you love often aim to 47 our opinions. We see the usual practice of close reading not just as a method of doing the academic work of looking closely at text evidence, word and structure, but as an opportunity to bring those practices together, to 48 our students to see the subtle messages in texts and in their lives, to help them be strong and 49 consumers of ideas and reflective, caring members of society.One large, multi-year study suggested that many students graduated without being able to distinguish 50 from the influence of carefully designed opinions and public relations. We believe educators can help 51 this. We want our students to be able to recognize the points of view and arguments in texts and in life—to see when they are happening and to 52 engage them. We want our students to listen to those points of view and arguments with an open mind-to truly listen to what other people believe and respectfully 53_ or question what they are saying. We also want our students to live with the confidence of 54themselves to make sound 55 , to make sense of the world, and to take risks. Reading closely in this way can give our students a healthy skepticism （质疑态度）while also helping them to have a more open mind.41.A. unbelievable B. unnoticed C. mistaken D. available42.A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. expected43.A. takes up B. takes in C. works out D. breaks out44. A. recovering B. improving C. failing D. developing45. A. interactions B. functions C. messages D. issues46.A. phrase B. expectation C. reflection D. look47.A. accept B. influence C. misunderstand D. reject48.A. engage B. understand C. enable D. recognize49.A. affordable B. capable C. agreeable D. noticeable50. A. facts B. conclusions C. conflicts D. arguments51. A. mistake B. question C. change D. discover52.A. flexibly B. powerfully C. reluctantly D. actively53.A. look out B. take in C. carry on D. give away54. A. exposing B. engaging C. trusting D. adapting55. A. improvements B. appointments C. arrangements D. judgmentsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Chicago TribuneCompanies Take 夕比ni%ive惩罚性）Steps Against Smokers, Overweight WorkersBy Tim JonesGet ready to say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals, junk food snacks and that after-work cigarette you always enjoy smoking— at least if you intend to have a job and health insurance. The rules of the workplace are changing, and personal behavior and lifestyle habits —those unrelated to what you do at work —are now fair game for employers determined to cut health-care costs.If you smoke, you may not get hired and you could get fired. If your cholesterol （胆固醇）is too high, you can pay higher premiums （保险费）for your insurance. The same goes for blood pressure and body mass. The requirements accepted by a growing number of companies are encroaching on privacy and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance, as well as employment.The Cleveland Clinic on Sept. 1 started nicotine testing in pre-employment physicals. If nicotine is found, applicants will not be hired.We-yco Inc., a company based in Lansing, Michigan, drew national attention in 2005 when it56. What is the author,s advice for getting employed?A. Paying higher premiums of health insurance.B. Quitting smoking and keeping away from junk food.C. Taking a urine test before applying for a good job.D. Studying hard and knowing more about the company. 57. The italicized words encroaching on in the passage mean.A. enrichingB. recordingC. protectingD. invading58. We-yoc Inc. drew national attention in 2005 because.A. four of its employees were fired just for smokingB. four of its employees violated Michigan lawC. its health insurance costs have increased rapidlyD. a device was used to measure carbon monoxide levels 59. What is the most probable title of this passage?A. Health insurance costs are increasing.B. Urine tests are required for every employee.C. Most of the employers get tough on health.D. Employees are provided with good health care. （B ）Portugal ’s First ExplorersPortuguese and Spanish explorers made the first European voyage into unknown waters. Curiosity, religion and economic goals drove these courageous men forward. Their voyages resulted in great advances for the sponsoring governments and served as the foundation for future empires.fired four employees who used tobacco. We-yco performs random testing every three months, usually of about 30 employees. Workers are required to blow into a Breathalyzer-link device that measures carbon monoxide levels. If the reading is high, employees are required to take a urine （尿）test. If they fail the urinalysis twice, they will be dismissed.Although thousands of employers have put in placeinspirations for their workers to live healthier lifestyles, the vast majority of employers have not yet adopted the approach of punishing employees who don,t satisfy medical or behavioral requirements. But punitive （惩罚性）measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace, according tolawyers and groups that follow insurance and employment trends, because health-care costs are growing at high-single-digit to double-digit rates annually.Gary Climes, vice president of Meritain Health Michigan, which now owns We-yco, noted that the firings didn't violate Michigan law and that the 150 employees at the Okemos-based company have, over time, accepted the rules. "It really comes down to a personal choice as far as you want to be employed here," Climes said. Climes said that since 2005, when We-yco made the wellness policy that includes the smoking ban, health insurance costs have increased by no more than 2 percent a year, well below the national average.One man largely responsible for Portugal,s interest in exploration was a member of the Portuguese royal family named Prince Henry. Also known as “The Navigator "，Prince Henry's primary goal was to find gold for Portugal. The Portuguese also hoped to find a way to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to spread the Christian faith.Henry gathered many Europe's best geographers and navigators to plan expeditions. By about 1420 or earlier, his navigators were exploring westward into the Atlantic, and by the 1430s, they were moving southward along the west coast of Africa. Henry's explorers claimed the Azores for Portugal. In Africa, they began to trade for slaves, gold and ivory.The success of these early voyages of discovery and exploration created great excitement throughout Europe. Success encouraged more voyages. In 1488, Baritolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. Although Dias had to turn back, he had found the route to the Indian Ocean.Using this knowledge, Vasco da Gama sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean. He landed in India in 1498. Several years later, da Gama made a second voyage to India. He returned to Portugal, and his ships full of valuable goods.Thanks to Dias and da Gama, an overseas trade route from Europe to India and the East Indies was now available. Rich cargoes of spices and jewels arrived in Portugal. This direct ocean route saved the Portuguese from having to deal with middlemen traders. Now, the Portuguese could journey directly to the sources of the trade goods they sought. In many cases, ships could carry goods more cheaply than could overland caravans （大篷车）.Nor could Portuguese merchants be blocked or charged high fees by competing powers that controlled overland routes. Overseas trade promised wealth for merchants and sailors and goods for Europe 's markets.60.The main purpose of Henry's voyage was to.A. explore the unknown waters beyond EuropeB. find gold for the royal familyC. seek for a route to the Indian OceanD. expand Portuguese trade to Africa61.Who was the first to find the route to the Indian Ocean?A. Prince Henry.B. Vasco da Gama.C. Baritolomeu Dias.D. Portuguese merchants.62.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.Merchants used to be charged high fees by middlemen tradersB.Prince Henry blocked Portuguese merchants along overland routesC.Dias and da Gama were the pioneers to reach the Cape of Good HopeD.The overseas trade route from Europe to India benefited Portugal a lot（C）Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission （ITC） has received about 280 complaints claiming damage from imports that benefit from subsidies（补贴）by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped" their products in the United States at “less than fair value." Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief（救济）.Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the sameproduct in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company,s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations（控诉）that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” com panies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with.A.arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended resultsC.recommending the same method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports64.What can be inferred about the minimum requirement for a complaint to the ITC?A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C.The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D.The company requesting import relief has been hurt by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A.It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B.It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of “dumping” products in the US.B.Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C.They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D.Those helping one unit within a parent company won't necessarily help other units.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nuclear WasteAs people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxideproduction—nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste —all that highly radioactive debris （残核）that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face. 67 Plutonium（钵）has a half-life of 24,000 years. Even after 100,000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor. 68 How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years?Still the US government persists in pursuing “safe” nuclear waste disposal（处理）.It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain, Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1,000 feet below the surface. 69. It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion, with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won,t be torn apart by another eruption?_________ 70 __________ Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that ,s not such a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how severe the problem really is.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is a concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, moist air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating（驱散）the most common kind of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consisted of a 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1990s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulseof laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “weather weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Y TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变得如此之快。

宝山区2017学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷注意：1．本试卷包括试题纸和答题纸两部分．2．在试题纸上答题无效，必须在答题纸上的规定位置按照要求答题．3．本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟．I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a dancing show. B. At an airport. C. At home. D. At a cinema.2. A. He can’t find the manager. B. His new watch doesn’t work.C. He doesn’t get the right watch.D. His deposit was missing.3. A. The plan of their holiday trips. B. Their feeling of the trip to Washington.C. The weather of the beach.D. Their wishes and dreams.4. A. Save money on the rent. B. Share the rent with someone.C. Find a part-time job.D. Apply for a student loan.5. A. The woman has watered too much.B. Moving plants is not a good idea.C. The plants may need more sunshine.D. The woman should get some professional help.6. A. She is ill and has to stay at home. B. She hates watching TV at home.C. She can’t go to work herself.D. She’s wasting much time watching TV.7. A. Look at the laundry basket. B. Check the business time of the laundry.C. Go to do her laundry.D. Find another suitable blouse.8. A. The man will have a business trip tomorrow.B. The woman has no idea what the boss is doing.C. The terrible weather has delayed all the flights.D. The boss is not supposed to be at the office.9. A. He is used to going out on cold days. B. He is used to wearing a wool hat.C. He is used to wearing no hat in winter.D. He is used to carrying a heavy bag.10. A. The woman often suffers from bad traffic.B. The woman is used to getting up late.C. The woman lives in the downtown area.D. The woman lives far away from the company.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage orconversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to stay calm. B. How to order a meal.C. How to complain politely.D. How to deal with an argument.12. A. Customers are less likely to get help. B. Customers will get problems fixed.C. Managers will be frightened.D. Managers will smile happily.13. A. Asking to speak to a manager.B. Blaming the person you’re talking to.C. Saying “There has been a misunderstanding”.D. Giving the person a chance to explain.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Sharing your wishes. B. Supplying things with you.C. Chatting with you.D. Carrying things for you.15. A. Its special Wi-F. B. Fingerprint identification system.C.Its built-in cameras.D. Its partners.16. A. Security. B. Convenient. C. Independent. D. Unpractical.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Kids should do chores on weekends.B. Parents should help kids with chores.C. Parents feel pride in helping around the house.D. Chores teach children responsibility.18. A. Kids’ academic achievements will improve.B. Kids’ rooms will be clean and tidy.C. Kids will take care of themselves.D. Kids will finish schoolwork sooner.19. A. Kids like doing schoolwork. B. Kids don’t need to do chores.C. Kids are spoiled.D. Kids appreciate parents.20. A. The woman won’t ask her kids to do chores.B. The woman will encourage her kids to do chores.C. The man won’t ask his kids to do chores.D. The man will encourage his kids to study.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Why My Best Friend Is a BookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the background says “Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?” Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)______ a child. The best beliefs are the onesthat (22)______ (cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can be for fun and that learning is (23)______ (easy) when you’re having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head, and feel the characters’ sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another person. Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24)______ (escape). I would much rather pick up a good book than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Whether it’s a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25)______(write) language skills. Reading teaches us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)___ ____ ___ you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number of new friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all read the same books. (27)______ is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28)______(drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allows you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29)______ read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30)______ (help) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. That’s the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A.extentB. substanceC. normalD. potentialE. refreshingF. instructionsG. function H. caused I. physically J. restore K. mentallyThe discovery that builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing（胶接）factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ___31___ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ___32___ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals___33___ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to behave like young cells.The discovery has the ___34___ to lead to therapies which could help people age better, without experiencing some of the backward effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of constant illness, and as people get older they are more likely to suffer from heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries said: "This is a first step in trying to make people live ___35___ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ___36___ function to old cells."Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ___37___ and rapidity of the changes in the cells."When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38___ I couldn't believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic," she said. "I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells refreshed. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research."As we age, our tissues gather aging cells which are alive but do not grow or ___39___ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become exposed to disease as we age. When stimulated, genes make a message that gives the ___40___ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University ofHouston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and PhenomenologicalResearch that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called "executivecontrol" when it comes to making decisions, ___41___ considering their goalsand ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is ___42___ for some experienced forms ofhigher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner ___43___ that a wide variety of animals -- elephants, chimpanzees(黑猩猩), ravens(大乌鸦)and lions, among others -- ___44___ reasonable decision-making."These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the ___45___ they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding their confidence in this take that can be used to select among different options," he wrote.The question has been ___46___ since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what it means to be human. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to ___47___ exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious ___48___ in the 1970s and '80s to teach animals human language -- teaching chimpanzees to use sign language, ___49___ -- found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in ___50___ thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable ___51___ to study the issue, but today's researchers conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologists at the University of Vienna, last year ___52___ the results of a study that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, ___53___ their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his ___54___. His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental research, "to see that we've gathered enough evidence to say that animals really are ___55___ in a unique way."41. A. secretly B.unintentionally C. scarcely D. consciously42.A. required B.qualified C. acquired D. prepared43.A. concerns plains C. concludes D. convinces44.A. turn down B.engage in C. refer to D. argue about45.A. option B.scheme C. regulation D. random46.A. dismissed B.i gnored C. debated D. answered47.A. evaluate B.d etermine C. overlook D. initiate48.A. results B.s uccesses C. achievements D. attempts49.A. for example B.t hat is to say C. on the contrary D. as a result50.A. obvious B. feasible C. private D. complex51.A. mystery B.t radition C. evidence D. fiction52.A. substituted B. published C. reflected D. maintained53.A. adapting B. symbolizing C. investigating D. revenging54.A.agreement B. implement C. requirement D. argument55.A.passionate B.r easonable C. confused D. ridiculousSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We see them everywhere. “There are some things that money can’t buy… for everything else, there’s MasterCard.” We hear them everywhere. “Make life rewarding… American Express.” Whether watching television, driving down the highway, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money is inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses, steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around, I didn’t consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired… I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasn’t working, I was checking my bank account, trying to figure out if my next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, after a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfy, they lost their appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues—after all, I can’t buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those aren’t priorities. My money sufferings taught me that I shouldn’t seek out wealth as a means of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on finding wealth in the love shared between my family and friends: “There are some things that money can’t buy… Seek them.” Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56. According to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because _____.A. the appeal of money is inescapable.B. he values the love between his family and friendsC. his wealth grows by working hard every dayD. he has paid off his debt in cash57. The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to _____.A. show how to settle problems with othersB. prove how selfish his Dad isC. explain material possessions get him into troubleD. display generation gap between Dad and Son58. The word “comfy” (paragraph 4) probably means _____.A. realisticB. individualC. graciousD. comfortable59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Seeking a different kind of wealthB. Letting go of different sufferingsC. Wealth as a means of satisfactionD. Happiness grows out of hardships(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stress might be making you sick. Here's how to battle against them.If you've never suffered from headaches but suddenly your head is constantly striking, youmight be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and bloodvessels(血管)in the brain, which brings on a headache. Stresscan cause them or make them worse. It's also common for yourmuscles to tense up when you're stressed, which can also causea headache.WHAT TO DO:If you don't want to take medicine, try spreadinglavender(薰衣草) oil on your temples(太阳穴)when a headache starts. Or try one of these homeremedies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of thestress hormone cortisol(皮质醇) can make it harder to concentrate,causing memory problems as well as anxiety or depression, saysDr. Levine.WHAT TO DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closingyour eyes and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles(囊)are replaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb thatcycle. Significant stress pushes a large number of hair folliclesinto what's called a resting stage and then a few months laterthose hairs fall out, according to . Stress canalso cause the body’s resistant system to attack your hairfollicles, resulting in hair loss.WHAT TO DO:Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60. If you’re stressed, you might have one of the following symptoms EXCEPT that_____.A. you keep getting headachesB. you always have a coldC. your hair is falling outD. your brain feels confused61. Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A. Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B. Waiting until your brain returns to normal.C. Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D. Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62. What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A. Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B. Our body’s resistant system attacks your hair folliclesC. Our hair starts growing again.D. A serious headache starts.(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advanceYet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue of Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing, removing materials --thus the label "additive.""The research in this issue shows that it is too early to label 3-D printing as the path to sustainable manufacturing," said Reid Lifset, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Industrial Ecology and co-author of the lead editorial. "We need to know much more about the material footprints, energy consumption in production, process emissions, and especially the linking devices and adjustments between the various stages in the production process."Additive manufacturing is sometimes seen as inherently environmentally preferable to traditional manufacturing because of its potential for local production --by consumers, merchants and hobbyists --and because it is thought to allow zero-waste manufacturing. Research in this issue, however, indicates that the environmental performance is very sensitive to the pattern of usage and composition of the machinery and the materials used."This special issue demonstrates the capability of industrial ecology to reveal important and often overlooked aspects of new technologies," said Indy Burke, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. "If we are to realize the environmental potential of 3-D printing, we need to know where the challenges and the advantages lie."The special issue contains:•life cycle assessments (LCA) of AM processes and products•investigations of the process energy consumption of AM technologies•studies of operator exposure to printer emissions and dangerous materials•examination of the sustainability benefits derived from the complex figure of parts enabled by the technology•analysis of supply-chain issues arising from the use of the technology63. The word “additive” in the passage refers to _____.A. the substance added in small amounts for a special purposeB. the additional technological capabilities of manufacturing processesC. the digital way to produce products by adding serial layers of materialsD. the traditional way to produce products by removing materials64. The contents listed in the special issue mentioned at the end of this passage focus on ______.A. the studies of additive manufacturing and sustainabilityB. a diverse set of technologies of additive manufacturingC. the comparison between additive and traditional manufacturingD. the experiments conducted by Journal of Industrial Ecology65. Which of the following can be inferred about the researchers’ viewpoint from the passage?A. 3-D printing is viewed as a revolution in production.B.3-D printing is regarded as a kind of sustainable manufacturing.C. AM makes a harmful impact on environment, energy, and health.D. The challenges and advantages of AM need further studies.66. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. investigations of the 3-D printing processB. the environmental implications of 3-D printingC. studies of 3-D printing emissions and materialsD. assessments of additive manufacturing processesSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.What does it mean for the husband when his wife keeps her own surname?The tradition of women adopting their husbands' surname after marriage is arguably one of the most widespread gender-role standards in Western cultures despite marked changes in the role that women play in society and in the labor force.According to previous studies, women who violate the married surname tradition are viewed differently from others. They are described in terms of instrumental characteristics that in a gendered society are typically assigned to men. _______67______These characteristics contrast with the expressive characteristics that are typically assigned to women, such as being more caring, kind and having less influence and power._______68______ For this purpose, Robnett and her colleagues carried out three studies in the US and UK. The first two studies showed that husbands whose wives keep their own surnames are often described through terms that are opposed to the gender-typical personality characteristics and power framework used for men. Theyare described in more expressive than instrumental terms, and are seen to hold less power in a marriage. Their findings indicate that people conclude from married surname choices to make more general inferences about a couple's gender-typed personality characteristics."Results from the third study conducted by Robnett's team suggest that people hold different opinions in how they think about such cases. People who firmly hold on to traditional gender roles react particularly strongly to a man whose wife keeps her surname because they see him as an incapable person. "We know from previous research that people high in unfriendly sexism(蔑视女性)respond negatively to women who violate traditional gender roles," says Robnett. “ _______69______”"This study joins several others in implying a link between traditions in me n and women’s romantic relationships and power structures favoring men," says Robnett. “_______70______It reflects slight gender-role standards and ideas that often remain unquestioned despite privileging men."IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Secure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the "Signaling Code and Security" working group , is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an "electronic purse" that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The "black-box addition plus" (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct account balance and is mathematically constructed such that the identity of the user is disclosed as soon as the attempt is made to pay with a controlled account."Our new code system guarantees privacy and security for customers during offline operation as well," Andy Rupp says. "This is needed for ensuring the payment system's suitability for daily use. Think of a subway doorway or a payment bridge. There you may have no internet connection at all or it is very slow." Also its high efficiency makes the code system suited for everyday use: During first test runs, researchers completed payments within about one second.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________。