理货英语 王学锋

物流管理专业学生的英语应用能力培养浅析发表时间：2012-06-21T11:03:46.340Z 来源：《新校园》理论版2012年第5期供稿作者：杨明[导读] 物流英语是专门英语的组成部分，是为适应经济发展和就业需求变化而设置的商业经济英语的分支学科。

杨明（青岛市技师学院，山东青岛266000）摘要：本文分析了职业院校物流管理专业学生的英语能力培养设计，并结合“以能力为本位”教育模式的特点就如何培养具有较高英语应用能力的物流人才提出了相应的策略。

关键词：物流管理；以能力为本位；英语能力；培养策略职业院校要培养优秀的具有可持续发展能力的物流管理人才，培养他们掌握熟练的应用英语能力就显得尤为重要。

本文介绍了物流专业英语教学的重点和方向。

1物流英语的特点物流英语是专门英语的组成部分，是为适应经济发展和就业需求变化而设置的商业经济英语的分支学科。

物流英语有它自身的规律和特点。

在词汇、语法结构、表达方法、文体及内容等方面与基础英语都有明显的区别，这一特点是因为物流学科本身的特点决定的。

物流学是一门多学科交叉的学科，所以，物流英语除了要用到基础英语中的一些核心词汇外，其相关词汇主要由跟运输、仓储、供应链等与物流有关的专业技术词汇组成。

涉及经济学、管理学、贸易、航运等多方面的词汇。

物流英语表述的都是跟物流有关的客观事物或规律，要求准确、严谨、精练，在句子中大量使用分词、动名词、不定式及名词化结构。

其文体和内容主要用来准确描述事实和过程，对问题进行说明、推理和概括。

2加强物流英语教学的必要性在物流发展方面，欧美国家是我们主要的借鉴对象。

美国与欧洲非常强调企业（包括生产、流通、第三方物流企业等）信息系统的开发，并且这方面已经十分发达，目前世界供应链管理软件（Supply Chain Management）前5 位供应商都是美国企业。

而我国物流发展可以说刚刚起步，需要积极借鉴发达国家特别是美国的物流发展经验。

因此，只有搞好物流英语教学工作，才有更多的机会获取先进的物流发展理念，传播物流前沿知识，加快我国物流业的发展，提高我国企业的国际竞争地位。

新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程3 王立非课文译文Title: Translation of Texts from New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3 by Wang LifuIntroduction:This document provides translations of the texts from the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3 by Wang Lifu. It aims to help English learners understand the content of the texts and improve their reading skills in a business context.Text 1:Title: The Changing Role of MarketingMarketing used to be seen as a support function for sales, but that perception has changed dramatically in recent years. Today, marketing is recognized as a strategic function that drives business growth and plays a crucial role in shaping a company's overall success.Translation:市场营销的角色正在发生变化过去，市场营销被视为销售的支持功能，但近年来这种看法发生了巨大变化。

今天，市场营销被认为是一项能够推动业务增长和在塑造公司整体成功中起关键作用的战略性功能。

新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程3 王立非课文译文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Trip to the ZooHi everyone, I'm going to tell you about this really cool story from our English textbook. It's about a man named Wang Lifai who went to the zoo with some of his friends. Let me tell you all about it!So, Wang Lifai and his friends decided to visit the zoo on a sunny day. They were all excited to see all the different animals and have a fun time together. They saw lions, tigers, monkeys, penguins, and so many other animals. Wang Lifai was especially interested in the pandas because they are so cute and cuddly.While they were walking around the zoo, they also saw some elephants. One of Wang Lifai's friends tried to take a picture of the elephants, but they were moving around too much. It was really funny to watch!After walking around for a while, Wang Lifai and his friends decided to take a break and have some ice cream. They sat downat a bench and enjoyed their treats while watching the birds flying around.As they were leaving the zoo, Wang Lifai felt happy and grateful for the wonderful day he had spent with his friends. He couldn't wait to come back again and see more animals.I hope you all enjoyed the story as much as I did. It's always fun to go on adventures and make memories with friends. Thanks for listening!篇2Title: My Translation of Wang Lifei's Text in New Century Business English 2nd Edition Reading Tutorial 3Hey guys! Today I'm going to share with you my translation of the text written by Wang Lifei in the New Century Business English 2nd Edition Reading Tutorial 3. Let's get started!In the text, Wang Lifei talks about how we can improve our listening skills in English. He gives us some tips on how to do this. First, he says we should focus on understanding the main idea of what someone is saying. This means we don't have to understand every single word, but we should try to get the general meaning.Next, Wang Lifei tells us to pay attention to the context of a conversation. This means we should think about the situation and the people involved to help us understand what is being said. For example, if someone is talking about buying a car, we can guess that they are talking about different car models and prices.Another tip Wang Lifei gives us is to listen for key words and phrases. These are words that are important for understanding the main idea of a conversation. For example, if someone says "deadline" or "budget", we know that they are talking about important things that need to be done.Wang Lifei also suggests that we practice listening to different accents and speeds of English. This can help us become better at understanding different types of English speakers. Finally, he advises us to listen to English as much as possible, like watching movies or listening to music.Overall, I think Wang Lifei's tips are really helpful for improving our listening skills in English. I hope you guys find them useful too! Thanks for listening to my translation, and I'll see you guys next time! Bye bye!篇3Title: Reading Tutorial of New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3 Translated by Wang LifeiHey guys! Today, I'm going to tell you about a cool article from the New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3. This article is translated by Wang Lifei, and it's super interesting!The article talks about the importance of building beneficial relationships in business. It says that in today's world, it's crucial to have strong connections with people in order to be successful. Whether it's with your colleagues, clients, or suppliers, having good relationships can help you achieve your goals.The article also gives some tips on how to build and maintain these relationships. It says that you should always be honest and trustworthy, and show respect to others. You should also be a good listener, and take the time to understand other people's perspectives.In addition, the article talks about the importance of communication skills in business. It says that being able to communicate effectively is key to building strong relationships. Whether it's through face-to-face conversations, phone calls, or emails, you need to be able to express yourself clearly and professionally.Overall, this article is a great reminder of how important it is to cultivate good relationships in business. So remember, always be kind, honest, and respectful to others, and you'll be on your way to success!That's all for today, guys. I hope you enjoyed my summary of this article from the New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3. Stay tuned for more fun and educational content!篇4Title: My Adventure with New Century Business English 3Hi everyone, I'm so excited to share with you my experience reading the text "Wang Lipei" in the New Century Business English 3 textbook. It's a super cool story about a guy named Wang Lipei who works as a timber merchant in China. Let me tell you all about it!So, Wang Lipei is a really smart dude who knows how to do business like a pro. He has to deal with a lot of challenges in his job, like negotiating deals, handling shipments, and keeping his customers happy. But he's always up for the challenge and manages to succeed in the end.One day, Wang Lipei receives a call from a customer who wants to order a large quantity of timber. He has to act fast and make sure everything goes smoothly. With his quick thinking and excellent communication skills, he is able to secure the deal and make sure the shipment arrives on time.But things don't always go as planned for Wang Lipei. He faces some tough situations, like when a shipment gets delayed or when a customer is unhappy with the quality of the timber. But Wang Lipei doesn't give up - he works hard to resolve the problems and make things right.In the end, Wang Lipei's dedication and hard work pay off. He gains the trust and respect of his customers, and his business continues to thrive. He proves that with determination and perseverance, anyone can succeed in the world of business.I had so much fun reading about Wang Lipei's adventures, and I learned a lot about business and how to handle challenges.I can't wait to see what other exciting stories are waiting for me in the New Century Business English 3 textbook!That's all for now, guys. Thanks for listening to my story! Bye!篇5Title: My Reading of New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3 by Wang LifeiHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my thoughts on the reading text from the New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3 by Wang Lifei. The text is about the importance of networking in the business world, and how it can help us achieve success.In the text, the author talks about how networking can help us make important connections with others in our field. By building relationships with people in the industry, we can learn new skills, gain valuable advice, and even find new job opportunities. Networking is like making new friends, but with a professional twist!The author also mentions the power of social media in networking. Platforms like LinkedIn allow us to connect with professionals all over the world, and showcase our skills and experience. It's like having a virtual business card that can open doors to new opportunities.I think the text is really inspiring and motivating. It reminds me that networking is not just about making connections, but also about building relationships and helping each othersucceed. It's a valuable skill that can benefit us in both our personal and professional lives.Overall, I really enjoyed reading this text from the New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3. It's a great reminder of the importance of networking in the business world, and I can't wait to put what I've learned into practice. Thank you for listening to my thoughts!篇6Title: My Translation of "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang LiflyHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my translation of the text from "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang Lifly. It was a really cool text about business and it taught me a lot of new words and phrases. So here goes my translation:The text starts by talking about how global companies are increasingly using the internet to do business. It says that the internet has changed the way people buy and sell products all over the world. The text mentions that the internet has made it possible for companies to advertise and sell their productsonline, which is really convenient for both the companies and the customers.Next, the text talks about how companies can use social media to promote their products. It says that social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are great tools for businesses to connect with their customers and build brand awareness. The text also mentions that companies can use online advertising to reach a larger audience and increase their sales.The text then goes on to discuss the importance of customer service in business. It says that companies need to provide excellent customer service in order to keep their customers happy and loyal. It also mentions that companies should listen to their customers' feedback and make changes to their products or services based on that feedback.Overall, I really enjoyed reading this text and learning about how the internet has changed the way companies do business. It was a great lesson in English and I can't wait to read more texts like this in the future!That's my translation of the text from "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang Lifly. I hope you found it helpful and interesting. Thank you for reading!篇7Title: Translating Mr. Wang Li Fei's Text in New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3Hi everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the translation of a text written by Mr. Wang Li Fei in the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3. Let's dive right into it!The text talks about the importance of communication in the business world. According to Mr. Wang, communication is like a bridge that connects people and ideas. Without good communication, businesses can't succeed.He also emphasizes the need for clear and effective communication. This means using simple language, avoiding jargon, and being concise in our messages. Mr. Wang believes that when we communicate effectively, we can build trust with our colleagues and clients, and ultimately achieve our goals.In addition, Mr. Wang highlights the role of cultural differences in communication. He encourages us to be aware of cultural nuances and to be respectful of other people's customs and traditions. By understanding and embracing diversity, wecan strengthen our relationships and create a more harmonious work environment.Overall, Mr. Wang's text reminds us that communication is key in the business world. By honing our communication skills and being mindful of cultural differences, we can overcome challenges, foster collaboration, and drive success in our professional endeavors.That's all for today! I hope you found this translation helpful. Remember, communication is the key to success in business! Bye for now!篇8The story is about a businessman named Mr. David who is very busy with his work. He always goes to work early in the morning and comes home late at night. He doesn't have much time to spend with his family or friends.One day, Mr. David's friend, Mr. Smith, invited him to go fishing. Mr. David was hesitant at first because he was very busy, but Mr. Smith reminded him that it's important to take time off from work and enjoy life. So, Mr. David finally agreed to go fishing with him.While they were fishing, Mr. David realized how relaxing and refreshing it was to be away from work and out in nature. He caught some fish, laughed with his friend, and forgot about all his worries. He even made a promise to himself to spend more time with his loved ones and take breaks from work more often.After the fishing trip, Mr. David felt happier and more balanced. He learned that it's important to work hard, but it's also important to take breaks and enjoy life. From then on, he made sure to make time for his family and friends, and he felt much happier and fulfilled.So, the moral of the story is to work hard, but also remember to take breaks and enjoy life. It's important to find a balance between work and leisure to live a happy and fulfilling life.篇9Title: A Day in the Life of Wang Li FeiHi guys! Today I'm gonna tell you all about a story from the New Century Business English Reading Tutorial 3. It's about our friend Wang Li Fei and his daily routine.In the morning, Wang Li Fei gets up early at 6 o'clock. He brushes his teeth, washes his face, and gets dressed for the day. Then he has breakfast with his family before heading off to work.At work, Wang Li Fei is a busy man! He has a lot of meetings with clients and colleagues. He discusses business strategies, makes important decisions, and solves problems. He works hard to make sure everything runs smoothly.During lunchtime, Wang Li Fei likes to go out to eat with his co-workers. They chat and laugh together, and it's a nice break from the busy day.In the afternoon, Wang Li Fei continues his work. He checks emails, makes phone calls, and prepares reports for his boss. He is always focused and diligent in his work.After work, Wang Li Fei likes to relax at home. He enjoys watching TV, reading books, or going for a walk in the park. He also spends time with his family and friends, which is important to him.Overall, Wang Li Fei is a hardworking and dedicated businessman. He enjoys his work and values his relationships with others. We can all learn a lot from his positive attitude and strong work ethic.That's all for today, guys! I hope you enjoyed learning about Wang Li Fei's daily routine. Stay tuned for more fun stories from the New Century Business English Reading Tutorial 3! Bye for now!篇10Title: My Translation of Wang Lifei's Text in New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3Hey guys, today I'm going to share with you my translation of Wang Lifei's text in the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3. This text is all about international trade and the importance of communication in business, so grab your pens and notebooks and let's get started!The text starts off by talking about how international trade has become an essential part of the modern world. It mentions how businesses from different countries have to communicate with each other to ensure smooth transactions. This is super important because without communication, misunderstandings can happen, and that could lead to problems in the business relationships.Wang Lifei then goes on to talk about the different ways businesses can communicate with each other. She mentionsface-to-face meetings, phone calls, emails, and video conferences as some of the common ways of communication. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important for businesses to choose the right one based on their needs.The text also highlights the importance of language skills in international trade. Wang Lifei emphasizes that knowing the language of your trading partner can make a huge difference in how successful your business dealings are. She encourages readers to learn new languages and improve their communication skills to succeed in the global business world.Overall, Wang Lifei's text gives us valuable insights into the world of international trade and the role of communication in business. It's a great reminder for us to always prioritize effective communication in our business dealings to ensure success and build strong relationships with our international partners. So let's keep practicing our language skills and communication abilities to thrive in the competitive world of global trade!。

64Crazy English Teachers疯狂英语·教学版 2016年（7月号）摘 要：英语阅读教学要用“问题”推动课堂的进行。

阅读之前要激活学生已有的背景知识，奠定提问基础；阅读中要设计多元问题，激活学生思维；阅读后要设计与学生学习生活有关的主观题，丰富学生想像，提高学生的表达能力。

关键词：小学英语；阅读教学；提问技巧英语阅读教学中“提问”的艺术性江苏省连云港市青口中心小学 王文文英语阅读教学应用“提问”来调动学生阅读的积极性，考查学生对文章的理解，推动课堂教学的进行。

提问要有艺术性方可以引导学生深入对短文的理解，丰富学生的知识积累。

目前的课堂问题设计还存在很多问题，仍然以“知识”为核心，忽略学生的情感意识，在这种机械的灌输下，学生的阅读欲望很难被激起，课堂缺乏必要的生机和活力。

教师在设计问题时要注意角度的全面性，拓展学生思维，提高学生想象与创新的能力。

1.激活背景知识，奠定提问基础做好充分的阅读准备是阅读教学顺利开展的第一步。

知识之间是相互联系的，在学习新的内容时，学生要有选择地复习旧知，激活知识储存，这是每个学生已经掌握的背景知识。

小学英语教材每个单元的内容都有一个主题，在复习旧知时可以根据单元主题拓展延伸与主题相关的单词、句子，甚至相关的成语故事等。

学生了解得越多，对新知识学习的信心就越大。

学生有了基本的知识做铺垫，对教师设计的问题就可以自主组织出句子回答，为阅读活动的开展奠定基础。

如在译林版《牛津英语》六年级Unit 2“What a day!”一课的学习，本单元对话出现的单词是天气状况，重点的语法知识是动词过去式的复习和运用。

教师可以先引导学生复习日记格式里会出现的单词，如星期一到星期日的单词以及一年12个月的单词。

因为写日记可以用简写形式，所以学生还要说出每个月份的英语简写格式。

对天气情况的描述，与以前学过的名词也有相通之处，所以教师也可以先复习名词rain 、sun 、wind 、cloud 、snow 等，在下面的阅读学习中可以教授学生直接在名词之后加“-y ”就可以变成形容词，只有“sun ”比较特殊，要变成“sunny ”。

Unit 3 Reviewing LiteratureObjectives:- Learn how to formulate a research problem- learn how to cite other people’s previous work- Try to be critical and related in your reviewing- Avoid plagiarismContents- Reading and discussion: sample introduction and elements in literature review.- Language focus: tense in citation and citing verbs- Writing practice: information prominent citation, author prominent citation, and weak author prominent citation- Literature reviews related to your research- No plagiarism- Classroom extension: literature review of the social effects of tourism on developing countries1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskA literature review is not just a summary of what you have read. It focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes a critical analysis of relationship among different opinions and then relates this review to the work of your own. It may be written as a stand-alone paper or to provide a theoretical framework and rationale for a research study to become a part of the introduction section, especially in term papers or journal articles. However, in a thesis or dissertation it will be an entire chapter.Read the sample introduction below and think about the following questions:What is the purpose of writing a literature view?What elements does an introduction include?How do we relate other people’s previous work to our present research?How do we cite other people’s previous work?1.2 Reading PassageIntroductionThe poor have traditionally t aken the brunt of the blame for causing society’s many problems including, more recently, environmental degradation. There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation. For example, in one of the conclusions of the Bruntland Commission Report, which incidentally has been accepted as the blue print for environmental conservation, it was explicitly stated that poverty is a major cause of environmental problems and amelioration of poverty is a necessary and central condition of any effective programs addressing the environment. Following similar lines, Jalal (2010), the Asian Development Bank's chief of the environment department says, "It is generally accepted that environmental degradation, rapid population growth and stagnant production are closely linked with the fast spread of acute poverty in many countries of Asia". The World Bank joined the consensus when in the 2011 World Development Report, the Bank explicitly stated that, “poor families who have to meet short term needs mine the natural capital by excessive cutting of trees for firewood and failure to replace soil nutrients ” (World Bank 2011).However, there has been a rising trend in the economic literature which disputes the conventional theory and argues that simple generalizations of this multi-dimensional problem are erroneous and that a more complex set of variables are in play (Leach and Mearns, 2012). These studies point to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors as important variables in the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. An intricate web of factors plus the existence of feedback loops from environmental degradation to poverty makes the process of identifying causality links,if any, between environmental degradation and poverty a difficult exercise. However, these studies have been few and isolated and it is interesting to note that until recently, there has been very little in-depth coordinated empirical research in the economics of environmental degradation-poverty causality relationships.This brings to the purpose of this study. Both poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing in many developing countries; hence there is a pressing need first to evaluate and analyze the poverty-environmental degradation nexus, and second, to prescribe policy options to mitigate or eradicate these two problems.The primary objective of the paper is to analyze critically the existing literature on the poverty-environmental degradation nexus and try to make "some order out of the chaos" inherent in this complex and difficult subject. For this paper, our analysis is limited to the following four main natural resources which are under serious threat of degradation in many developing countries: i) forests; ii) land; iii) water; and iv) air. Biodiversity is excluded at this point because the preliminary literature search found only scattered and inconclusive information. However, it should not be inferred that biodiversity is less important than the four resources chosen; indeed it is an area which needs particular attention in the future.Once the natural resource sectors have been identified, a cause, impact and feedback analysis is carried out. In this manner, we hope first to identify the main agents and the degree of their contribution towards the destruction of the environment and second, the incentives or motivating factors encouraging their unsustainable activities. The impact and feedback analysis should highlight the main impacts arising from the degradation activities and the socio-economic effect these impacts have across the various income groups in the economy.1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 List different opinions on poverty and environmental degradationnguage Focus2.1Tense in citationPresent tense - Authors mostly use the present tense verbs to show their opinion on another person's research, relate what other authors say or discuss the literature, theoretical concepts, methods, etc. However, the simple past and present perfect are also possible verb forms in this case. Look at these examples in the present tense: ∙Nelson (1995) remarks∙Jones (2005) stresses∙Morison (2000) advocates∙Zhang (2007) claims∙Zhambhi (2008) arguesPast tense - When you use the past tense, the reporting verb often occurs as an integral citation. In other words, citations with past tense verbs and named researchers as subject seem to have the discourse role of providing particulars for recounting events, results found or a preceding generalization or the basis for a claim, etc. In the example below, the citation reports the results of a single study.Carlson and Benton (2007) found that as they increased the participants’stress levels, the results of their performance deteriorated.Common verbs in the past tense are: investigated, studied, compared, analyzed, found, and examined.Present perfect - The present perfect tense can be used to state that the research results are recent, expressing what has been found over an extended period in the past and up to the present to highlight the direct relevance of previous studies to the writer's own research. Look at the following example:Although the results of pervious studies showed that further research was warranted in this area, recent studies have demonstrated that educational methodology is now moving in a new direction (Jones, 2007; Karstal, 2008).2.1.1 Check the sample introduction and complete the following table.2.2Citing verbsIt is important that you learn how to cite information in a correct way. There are certain conventions to follow when citing someone’s work. Words like “say”,“tell”, and “ask” are normally used in oral conversation s but are not appropriate in formal academic writing. The following table illustrates some appropriate words to use for reporting the work of others.Verbs for sayingJalal (1993) claimsbelievesthinksassumesindicatesnotesremarksstatesshowspoints outthat …More Verbs for sayingJalal’s (1993) study suggestsconsidershypothesizesconcludescommentsemphasizesillustratesproposesestablishesmaintainsthat…Verbs responding to others’opinionsThe analysis of the Jalal’s report acceptsadmitsagreesdoubtsthat …deniesarguescomments Verbs for saying a second timeJalal (1993) further/additionally assertsexplainsconfirmsmaintainsadvocatesthat …Poor patterns show that the writer has a mere grasp of the literature:Jalal (1993) says that …The Asian Development Bank (1992) states that … Leach and Mearns (1995) argue that …Better sample shows some critical thinking and sentence variety:Jalal (1993) reports that his study of … shows … The findings are supported by the Asian Development Bank (1992) replication of … Although both these studies focus on …. They have ignored … According to Leach and Mearns (1995), …2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.3. Writing Practice3.1 Using referencesUse citation to develop your own argument.Below are examples of parts of paragraphs using three different citation methods (The references cited have been invented for demonstration purposes only). Thesemethods can be called information prominent, where the focus of the sentence is only on the information being presented; author prominent, where the name of the author of the information is given prominence in the sentence; and weak author prominent, where the ideas of author(s) are given prominence, but authors’ names do not appear in the main part of the sentence. Observe how the different methods contribute to the way in which the writer’s argument is developed.Information prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. The wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers (Smith, 2000).This is the default style in many areas of science. However, there are two other options, which should also be part of a writer’s repertoire, for use when appropriate. Author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. Smith (2000) argued that the wool industry was experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers. However, Jones et al. (2004) found that industry difficulties were more related to quality of supply than to demand issues. It is clear that considerable disagreement exists about the underlying sources of these problems.Weak author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. As Smith (2000) pointed out, the wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers.3.1.1 The following is a chart describing people living on less than 1.25 dollars.Look at the following chart and practice citing these figures by using three different types of citation.Figure: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (% of population)Created By Swati Revankar from World Bank, 2012 Information prominent citationAuthor prominent citationWeak author prominent citation3.2 Relating literature to your researchIt is easy to write a bad literature review and difficult to write a good one. The main mistake that a lot of people make is to write a literature review that looks like this:LITERATURE REVIEWUntil recently many researchers have shown interest in the field of coastal erosion and the resulting beach profiles. They have carried out numerous laboratory experiments and field observations to illuminate the darkness of this field. Their findings and suggestions are reviewed here.JACHOWSKI (2008) developed a model investigation conducted on the interlocking precast concrete block seawall. After a result of a survey of damages caused by the severe storm at the coast of USA, a new and specially shaped concrete block was developed for use in shore protection. This block was designed to be used in a revetment type seawall that would be both durable and economical as well as reduce wave run-up and overtopping, and scour at its base or toe. It was proved that effective shore protection could be designed utilizing these units.HOM-MA and HORIKAWA (2008) studied waves forces acting on the seawall which was located inside the surf zone. On the basis of the experimental results conducted to measure waves forces against a vertical wall, the authors proposed an empirical formula of wave pressure distribution on a seawall. The computed results obtained by using the above formula were compared well with the field data of wave pressure on a vertical wall.SELEZOV and ZHELEZNYAK (2009) conducted experiments on scour of sea bottom in front of harbor seawalls, on the basis of the theoretical investigation of solitary wave interaction with a vertical wall using Boussinesque type equation. It showed that the numerical results were in reasonable agreement with laboratory experimental data.3.2.1 Consider again the purposes of writing a literature review. See if you can answer the following questions about the literature review above:1. What questions does this literature review answer?2. What questions doesn't it answer?3. Which method has the writer used to organize the literature review?4. Is it a good literature review? Why?3.3 Avoiding plagiarism3.2.1 Below are two versions of the same information, adapted from the Introduction by McNeill et al. (2007). Decide which version has the problem of plagiarism and identify where the writer has plagiarizedVersion 1:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that in situ 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions, but they indicated that the technique was not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.Version 2:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that insitu 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions. However, this technique is not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.4. Writing ProjectWrite a literature review for your research by the following steps:1. Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?2. Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored3. Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic4. Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature5. Relate the review to your research topicYou are preparing to write an essay entit led “The social effects of tourism on developing countries”. Read the following abstract and then try to write a literature review relating to the topic according to the above mentioned steps:AbstractTourism is the fastest growing industry internationally. Popular areas of study are the economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of tourism in developing countries. Very few studies have been conducted on the impact of tourism on the hosts’ health status. Nowadays, the emergence of new infectious diseases or there-emergence of diseases are causing concern and travel is a major contributor to their spread. The objectives of this study were: to review literature related to the topic as a background for future research; to explore if findings from a field trip to Easter Island/Chile and Peru support the hypotheses derived from the analysis of publications; to recommend a range of research topics based on the outcome of this study; and to propose elements of a framework for the assessment of health impacts of tourism. The findings suggest that there are considerable gaps in the current knowledge on tourism’s health impacts. Potential indirect and direct health impacts have been identified. Workplace health and safety concerns in relation to local tourism employees have been raised. A wide range of research topics has been suggested based on these findings. Finally, elements of a possible framework for understanding tourism’s health impacts and their interrelationships have been identified.Sources from: Irmgard Bauer, THE JOURNAL OF TOURISM STUDIES Vol. 10, No. 1, MAY ‘99 115. Final ChecklistHere is a final checklist for writing Introduction (including literature review). Use it to check what you have written in the previous task.。

高三英语kinglear教案Unit2ingLearTeachingGoals:I.Eotionalteaching:ToaetheSsfailiariththegreatorsbyShaspereandthelifes toryofthegreatliteraturer.ToinstructtheSstoanalysethedesireandthegreedandtheg reatnessofthedifferentcharacters.HelptheSssortoutth egoodqualitiesfrothetoplays.II.Teachingais:ThisunitincludestoscenesoftheplayingLear.Ssshouldle arntheplotsbytheselvesafterclassandthenputforardthe irquestionsandpresenttheirviesinclass.HelptheSstogetridofthehurdleoflearninglanguageandth egraerpartbybiningpracticeandextensionexercises.III.TeachingIportantanddifficultpoints:HotoenabletheSshaveabetterunderstandnigofthetheeoft heplay.HotoinstructSstofindapproachtoiprovingtheirability, especiallyreading,teachingtheselvesTeachingProcedures:READINGARINGUPpletethefolloinglovetest.Doyouloveyourfather?yes.___________No.___________Houchdoyoulovehi?A.VeryuchB.So-soc.VerylittleD.Notatallhichofthefolloingbestdescribesyourfeelingtoardsyour father?A.Iloveshiorethanylife.B.IlovehiasuchasIloveyeyes.c.IlovehiasuchasIshould,nooreandnoless.D.Idon’tnohouchIlovehi.Ihaveneverthoughtaboutthequestion.E.Idon’tlovehi,butIdon’thatehieither.F.Ihatehi.G._________Ifyouerearried,hoouldyouloveore,yourife/husbandoryo urfather?Ifyourfathergaveyou1,000yuanonconditionthatyoutellh ithatyoulovehiveryuch,ouldyousayso?yes._______No._________Ifyoucouldchooseafather,hichouldyouchoose?A.Afatherhoasveryrichbutdidn’tloveyou.B.Afatherhohadnooneybutlovedyouveryuch.PRE-READINGGlancequiclythroughPart1oftheplayandanserthefolloin gquestions.Listthecharactershoappearinthispartoftheplay.ingLear,Goneril,Regan,cordelia,theDuesofAlbanyandcornall,theDueofenthichofthecharactersdoyouthinareshoninthepictureonPa ge11.ingLearandhisthreedaughters----Goneril,Regan,cordel iaHILE-READING1Readtheplayandpletetheplotdiagra.AplotdiagraDescriptionSettingingLearhas3daughters.Heisoldandantstodividehisingdo aonghisdaughters.Heisgoingtodothisthrougha “lovetest”.conflictFlatteryvshonesty;ordsvsactionRisingactionHisfirsttodaughtersflatterhiithniceords ,buttheyoungestdaughterinsistsontellingthetruth.cliaxHearingthetruth,theinggetsveryangry.Hegivesallhisla ndtothefirsttodaughtersandleavesnothingtotheyounges tone.2Readtheplayagain,andpletethefolloingainpoints.AINPoINTS:ingLeargaveaayhislandtohisdaughtersaccordingtohouch they________hi.ingLearantsto______anddecidesto______hislandtothree daughters.Heantstono____________theylovehi.GonerilandReganaetheing_________bysayingtheylovehiv eryuch.They______thelandcordeliaaestheingangrybybeing_________andnot_______ __hi.Shegets________.ent,theservant,aestheing_________bydefendingcordeli aandbeggingtheingtolistentothe_______.3choosetheproperordstodescribethecharacters’Personality.Honestloyalhot-headedtruthfuldeceitfulhard-heartedr espectfulcorruptgreedyInnocentfoolishcunningbad-teperedlovin gcharactersPersonalitingLearHot-headed,hard-hearted,foolish,bad-tepered GonerilDeceitful,corrupt,greedy,cunningReganDeceitful,corrupt,greedy,cunningcordeliaHonest,truthful,loving,innocententLoyal,respectful,honest,truthfulEXPLANATIoNhandover移交；让与tohandoverandofaship移交军舰的指挥权Thepicpocetashandedovertothepolice.扒手被送交警方。