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物流管理专业学生的英语应用能力培养浅析发表时间：2012-06-21T11:03:46.340Z 来源：《新校园》理论版2012年第5期供稿作者：杨明[导读] 物流英语是专门英语的组成部分，是为适应经济发展和就业需求变化而设置的商业经济英语的分支学科。
杨明（青岛市技师学院，山东青岛266000）摘要：本文分析了职业院校物流管理专业学生的英语能力培养设计，并结合“以能力为本位”教育模式的特点就如何培养具有较高英语应用能力的物流人才提出了相应的策略。
关键词：物流管理；以能力为本位；英语能力；培养策略职业院校要培养优秀的具有可持续发展能力的物流管理人才，培养他们掌握熟练的应用英语能力就显得尤为重要。
本文介绍了物流专业英语教学的重点和方向。
1物流英语的特点物流英语是专门英语的组成部分，是为适应经济发展和就业需求变化而设置的商业经济英语的分支学科。
物流英语有它自身的规律和特点。
在词汇、语法结构、表达方法、文体及内容等方面与基础英语都有明显的区别，这一特点是因为物流学科本身的特点决定的。
物流学是一门多学科交叉的学科，所以，物流英语除了要用到基础英语中的一些核心词汇外，其相关词汇主要由跟运输、仓储、供应链等与物流有关的专业技术词汇组成。
涉及经济学、管理学、贸易、航运等多方面的词汇。
物流英语表述的都是跟物流有关的客观事物或规律，要求准确、严谨、精练，在句子中大量使用分词、动名词、不定式及名词化结构。
其文体和内容主要用来准确描述事实和过程，对问题进行说明、推理和概括。
2加强物流英语教学的必要性在物流发展方面，欧美国家是我们主要的借鉴对象。
美国与欧洲非常强调企业（包括生产、流通、第三方物流企业等）信息系统的开发，并且这方面已经十分发达，目前世界供应链管理软件（Supply Chain Management）前5 位供应商都是美国企业。
而我国物流发展可以说刚刚起步，需要积极借鉴发达国家特别是美国的物流发展经验。
因此，只有搞好物流英语教学工作，才有更多的机会获取先进的物流发展理念，传播物流前沿知识，加快我国物流业的发展，提高我国企业的国际竞争地位。
新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程3 王立非课文译文Title: Translation of Texts from New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3 by Wang LifuIntroduction:This document provides translations of the texts from the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3 by Wang Lifu. It aims to help English learners understand the content of the texts and improve their reading skills in a business context.Text 1:Title: The Changing Role of MarketingMarketing used to be seen as a support function for sales, but that perception has changed dramatically in recent years. Today, marketing is recognized as a strategic function that drives business growth and plays a crucial role in shaping a company's overall success.Translation:市场营销的角色正在发生变化过去，市场营销被视为销售的支持功能，但近年来这种看法发生了巨大变化。
今天，市场营销被认为是一项能够推动业务增长和在塑造公司整体成功中起关键作用的战略性功能。
新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程3 王立非课文译文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Trip to the ZooHi everyone, I'm going to tell you about this really cool story from our English textbook. It's about a man named Wang Lifai who went to the zoo with some of his friends. Let me tell you all about it!So, Wang Lifai and his friends decided to visit the zoo on a sunny day. They were all excited to see all the different animals and have a fun time together. They saw lions, tigers, monkeys, penguins, and so many other animals. Wang Lifai was especially interested in the pandas because they are so cute and cuddly.While they were walking around the zoo, they also saw some elephants. One of Wang Lifai's friends tried to take a picture of the elephants, but they were moving around too much. It was really funny to watch!After walking around for a while, Wang Lifai and his friends decided to take a break and have some ice cream. They sat downat a bench and enjoyed their treats while watching the birds flying around.As they were leaving the zoo, Wang Lifai felt happy and grateful for the wonderful day he had spent with his friends. He couldn't wait to come back again and see more animals.I hope you all enjoyed the story as much as I did. It's always fun to go on adventures and make memories with friends. Thanks for listening!篇2Title: My Translation of Wang Lifei's Text in New Century Business English 2nd Edition Reading Tutorial 3Hey guys! Today I'm going to share with you my translation of the text written by Wang Lifei in the New Century Business English 2nd Edition Reading Tutorial 3. Let's get started!In the text, Wang Lifei talks about how we can improve our listening skills in English. He gives us some tips on how to do this. First, he says we should focus on understanding the main idea of what someone is saying. This means we don't have to understand every single word, but we should try to get the general meaning.Next, Wang Lifei tells us to pay attention to the context of a conversation. This means we should think about the situation and the people involved to help us understand what is being said. For example, if someone is talking about buying a car, we can guess that they are talking about different car models and prices.Another tip Wang Lifei gives us is to listen for key words and phrases. These are words that are important for understanding the main idea of a conversation. For example, if someone says "deadline" or "budget", we know that they are talking about important things that need to be done.Wang Lifei also suggests that we practice listening to different accents and speeds of English. This can help us become better at understanding different types of English speakers. Finally, he advises us to listen to English as much as possible, like watching movies or listening to music.Overall, I think Wang Lifei's tips are really helpful for improving our listening skills in English. I hope you guys find them useful too! Thanks for listening to my translation, and I'll see you guys next time! Bye bye!篇3Title: Reading Tutorial of New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3 Translated by Wang LifeiHey guys! Today, I'm going to tell you about a cool article from the New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3. This article is translated by Wang Lifei, and it's super interesting!The article talks about the importance of building beneficial relationships in business. It says that in today's world, it's crucial to have strong connections with people in order to be successful. Whether it's with your colleagues, clients, or suppliers, having good relationships can help you achieve your goals.The article also gives some tips on how to build and maintain these relationships. It says that you should always be honest and trustworthy, and show respect to others. You should also be a good listener, and take the time to understand other people's perspectives.In addition, the article talks about the importance of communication skills in business. It says that being able to communicate effectively is key to building strong relationships. Whether it's through face-to-face conversations, phone calls, or emails, you need to be able to express yourself clearly and professionally.Overall, this article is a great reminder of how important it is to cultivate good relationships in business. So remember, always be kind, honest, and respectful to others, and you'll be on your way to success!That's all for today, guys. I hope you enjoyed my summary of this article from the New Century Business English Second Edition Unit 3. Stay tuned for more fun and educational content!篇4Title: My Adventure with New Century Business English 3Hi everyone, I'm so excited to share with you my experience reading the text "Wang Lipei" in the New Century Business English 3 textbook. It's a super cool story about a guy named Wang Lipei who works as a timber merchant in China. Let me tell you all about it!So, Wang Lipei is a really smart dude who knows how to do business like a pro. He has to deal with a lot of challenges in his job, like negotiating deals, handling shipments, and keeping his customers happy. But he's always up for the challenge and manages to succeed in the end.One day, Wang Lipei receives a call from a customer who wants to order a large quantity of timber. He has to act fast and make sure everything goes smoothly. With his quick thinking and excellent communication skills, he is able to secure the deal and make sure the shipment arrives on time.But things don't always go as planned for Wang Lipei. He faces some tough situations, like when a shipment gets delayed or when a customer is unhappy with the quality of the timber. But Wang Lipei doesn't give up - he works hard to resolve the problems and make things right.In the end, Wang Lipei's dedication and hard work pay off. He gains the trust and respect of his customers, and his business continues to thrive. He proves that with determination and perseverance, anyone can succeed in the world of business.I had so much fun reading about Wang Lipei's adventures, and I learned a lot about business and how to handle challenges.I can't wait to see what other exciting stories are waiting for me in the New Century Business English 3 textbook!That's all for now, guys. Thanks for listening to my story! Bye!篇5Title: My Reading of New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3 by Wang LifeiHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my thoughts on the reading text from the New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3 by Wang Lifei. The text is about the importance of networking in the business world, and how it can help us achieve success.In the text, the author talks about how networking can help us make important connections with others in our field. By building relationships with people in the industry, we can learn new skills, gain valuable advice, and even find new job opportunities. Networking is like making new friends, but with a professional twist!The author also mentions the power of social media in networking. Platforms like LinkedIn allow us to connect with professionals all over the world, and showcase our skills and experience. It's like having a virtual business card that can open doors to new opportunities.I think the text is really inspiring and motivating. It reminds me that networking is not just about making connections, but also about building relationships and helping each othersucceed. It's a valuable skill that can benefit us in both our personal and professional lives.Overall, I really enjoyed reading this text from the New Century Business English 2 Reading Course 3. It's a great reminder of the importance of networking in the business world, and I can't wait to put what I've learned into practice. Thank you for listening to my thoughts!篇6Title: My Translation of "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang LiflyHello everyone! Today I want to share with you my translation of the text from "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang Lifly. It was a really cool text about business and it taught me a lot of new words and phrases. So here goes my translation:The text starts by talking about how global companies are increasingly using the internet to do business. It says that the internet has changed the way people buy and sell products all over the world. The text mentions that the internet has made it possible for companies to advertise and sell their productsonline, which is really convenient for both the companies and the customers.Next, the text talks about how companies can use social media to promote their products. It says that social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are great tools for businesses to connect with their customers and build brand awareness. The text also mentions that companies can use online advertising to reach a larger audience and increase their sales.The text then goes on to discuss the importance of customer service in business. It says that companies need to provide excellent customer service in order to keep their customers happy and loyal. It also mentions that companies should listen to their customers' feedback and make changes to their products or services based on that feedback.Overall, I really enjoyed reading this text and learning about how the internet has changed the way companies do business. It was a great lesson in English and I can't wait to read more texts like this in the future!That's my translation of the text from "New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3" by Wang Lifly. I hope you found it helpful and interesting. Thank you for reading!篇7Title: Translating Mr. Wang Li Fei's Text in New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3Hi everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the translation of a text written by Mr. Wang Li Fei in the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Course 3. Let's dive right into it!The text talks about the importance of communication in the business world. According to Mr. Wang, communication is like a bridge that connects people and ideas. Without good communication, businesses can't succeed.He also emphasizes the need for clear and effective communication. This means using simple language, avoiding jargon, and being concise in our messages. Mr. Wang believes that when we communicate effectively, we can build trust with our colleagues and clients, and ultimately achieve our goals.In addition, Mr. Wang highlights the role of cultural differences in communication. He encourages us to be aware of cultural nuances and to be respectful of other people's customs and traditions. By understanding and embracing diversity, wecan strengthen our relationships and create a more harmonious work environment.Overall, Mr. Wang's text reminds us that communication is key in the business world. By honing our communication skills and being mindful of cultural differences, we can overcome challenges, foster collaboration, and drive success in our professional endeavors.That's all for today! I hope you found this translation helpful. Remember, communication is the key to success in business! Bye for now!篇8The story is about a businessman named Mr. David who is very busy with his work. He always goes to work early in the morning and comes home late at night. He doesn't have much time to spend with his family or friends.One day, Mr. David's friend, Mr. Smith, invited him to go fishing. Mr. David was hesitant at first because he was very busy, but Mr. Smith reminded him that it's important to take time off from work and enjoy life. So, Mr. David finally agreed to go fishing with him.While they were fishing, Mr. David realized how relaxing and refreshing it was to be away from work and out in nature. He caught some fish, laughed with his friend, and forgot about all his worries. He even made a promise to himself to spend more time with his loved ones and take breaks from work more often.After the fishing trip, Mr. David felt happier and more balanced. He learned that it's important to work hard, but it's also important to take breaks and enjoy life. From then on, he made sure to make time for his family and friends, and he felt much happier and fulfilled.So, the moral of the story is to work hard, but also remember to take breaks and enjoy life. It's important to find a balance between work and leisure to live a happy and fulfilling life.篇9Title: A Day in the Life of Wang Li FeiHi guys! Today I'm gonna tell you all about a story from the New Century Business English Reading Tutorial 3. It's about our friend Wang Li Fei and his daily routine.In the morning, Wang Li Fei gets up early at 6 o'clock. He brushes his teeth, washes his face, and gets dressed for the day. Then he has breakfast with his family before heading off to work.At work, Wang Li Fei is a busy man! He has a lot of meetings with clients and colleagues. He discusses business strategies, makes important decisions, and solves problems. He works hard to make sure everything runs smoothly.During lunchtime, Wang Li Fei likes to go out to eat with his co-workers. They chat and laugh together, and it's a nice break from the busy day.In the afternoon, Wang Li Fei continues his work. He checks emails, makes phone calls, and prepares reports for his boss. He is always focused and diligent in his work.After work, Wang Li Fei likes to relax at home. He enjoys watching TV, reading books, or going for a walk in the park. He also spends time with his family and friends, which is important to him.Overall, Wang Li Fei is a hardworking and dedicated businessman. He enjoys his work and values his relationships with others. We can all learn a lot from his positive attitude and strong work ethic.That's all for today, guys! I hope you enjoyed learning about Wang Li Fei's daily routine. Stay tuned for more fun stories from the New Century Business English Reading Tutorial 3! Bye for now!篇10Title: My Translation of Wang Lifei's Text in New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3Hey guys, today I'm going to share with you my translation of Wang Lifei's text in the New Century Business English Second Edition Reading Tutorial 3. This text is all about international trade and the importance of communication in business, so grab your pens and notebooks and let's get started!The text starts off by talking about how international trade has become an essential part of the modern world. It mentions how businesses from different countries have to communicate with each other to ensure smooth transactions. This is super important because without communication, misunderstandings can happen, and that could lead to problems in the business relationships.Wang Lifei then goes on to talk about the different ways businesses can communicate with each other. She mentionsface-to-face meetings, phone calls, emails, and video conferences as some of the common ways of communication. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important for businesses to choose the right one based on their needs.The text also highlights the importance of language skills in international trade. Wang Lifei emphasizes that knowing the language of your trading partner can make a huge difference in how successful your business dealings are. She encourages readers to learn new languages and improve their communication skills to succeed in the global business world.Overall, Wang Lifei's text gives us valuable insights into the world of international trade and the role of communication in business. It's a great reminder for us to always prioritize effective communication in our business dealings to ensure success and build strong relationships with our international partners. So let's keep practicing our language skills and communication abilities to thrive in the competitive world of global trade!。
64Crazy English Teachers疯狂英语·教学版 2016年（7月号）摘 要：英语阅读教学要用“问题”推动课堂的进行。
阅读之前要激活学生已有的背景知识，奠定提问基础；阅读中要设计多元问题，激活学生思维；阅读后要设计与学生学习生活有关的主观题，丰富学生想像，提高学生的表达能力。
关键词：小学英语；阅读教学；提问技巧英语阅读教学中“提问”的艺术性江苏省连云港市青口中心小学 王文文英语阅读教学应用“提问”来调动学生阅读的积极性，考查学生对文章的理解，推动课堂教学的进行。
提问要有艺术性方可以引导学生深入对短文的理解，丰富学生的知识积累。
目前的课堂问题设计还存在很多问题，仍然以“知识”为核心，忽略学生的情感意识，在这种机械的灌输下，学生的阅读欲望很难被激起，课堂缺乏必要的生机和活力。
教师在设计问题时要注意角度的全面性，拓展学生思维，提高学生想象与创新的能力。
1.激活背景知识，奠定提问基础做好充分的阅读准备是阅读教学顺利开展的第一步。
知识之间是相互联系的，在学习新的内容时，学生要有选择地复习旧知，激活知识储存，这是每个学生已经掌握的背景知识。
小学英语教材每个单元的内容都有一个主题，在复习旧知时可以根据单元主题拓展延伸与主题相关的单词、句子，甚至相关的成语故事等。
学生了解得越多，对新知识学习的信心就越大。
学生有了基本的知识做铺垫，对教师设计的问题就可以自主组织出句子回答，为阅读活动的开展奠定基础。
如在译林版《牛津英语》六年级Unit 2“What a day!”一课的学习，本单元对话出现的单词是天气状况，重点的语法知识是动词过去式的复习和运用。
教师可以先引导学生复习日记格式里会出现的单词，如星期一到星期日的单词以及一年12个月的单词。
因为写日记可以用简写形式，所以学生还要说出每个月份的英语简写格式。
对天气情况的描述，与以前学过的名词也有相通之处，所以教师也可以先复习名词rain 、sun 、wind 、cloud 、snow 等，在下面的阅读学习中可以教授学生直接在名词之后加“-y ”就可以变成形容词，只有“sun ”比较特殊，要变成“sunny ”。
Unit 3 Reviewing LiteratureObjectives:- Learn how to formulate a research problem- learn how to cite other people’s previous work- Try to be critical and related in your reviewing- Avoid plagiarismContents- Reading and discussion: sample introduction and elements in literature review.- Language focus: tense in citation and citing verbs- Writing practice: information prominent citation, author prominent citation, and weak author prominent citation- Literature reviews related to your research- No plagiarism- Classroom extension: literature review of the social effects of tourism on developing countries1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskA literature review is not just a summary of what you have read. It focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes a critical analysis of relationship among different opinions and then relates this review to the work of your own. It may be written as a stand-alone paper or to provide a theoretical framework and rationale for a research study to become a part of the introduction section, especially in term papers or journal articles. However, in a thesis or dissertation it will be an entire chapter.Read the sample introduction below and think about the following questions:What is the purpose of writing a literature view?What elements does an introduction include?How do we relate other people’s previous work to our present research?How do we cite other people’s previous work?1.2 Reading PassageIntroductionThe poor have traditionally t aken the brunt of the blame for causing society’s many problems including, more recently, environmental degradation. There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation. For example, in one of the conclusions of the Bruntland Commission Report, which incidentally has been accepted as the blue print for environmental conservation, it was explicitly stated that poverty is a major cause of environmental problems and amelioration of poverty is a necessary and central condition of any effective programs addressing the environment. Following similar lines, Jalal (2010), the Asian Development Bank's chief of the environment department says, "It is generally accepted that environmental degradation, rapid population growth and stagnant production are closely linked with the fast spread of acute poverty in many countries of Asia". The World Bank joined the consensus when in the 2011 World Development Report, the Bank explicitly stated that, “poor families who have to meet short term needs mine the natural capital by excessive cutting of trees for firewood and failure to replace soil nutrients ” (World Bank 2011).However, there has been a rising trend in the economic literature which disputes the conventional theory and argues that simple generalizations of this multi-dimensional problem are erroneous and that a more complex set of variables are in play (Leach and Mearns, 2012). These studies point to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors as important variables in the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. An intricate web of factors plus the existence of feedback loops from environmental degradation to poverty makes the process of identifying causality links,if any, between environmental degradation and poverty a difficult exercise. However, these studies have been few and isolated and it is interesting to note that until recently, there has been very little in-depth coordinated empirical research in the economics of environmental degradation-poverty causality relationships.This brings to the purpose of this study. Both poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing in many developing countries; hence there is a pressing need first to evaluate and analyze the poverty-environmental degradation nexus, and second, to prescribe policy options to mitigate or eradicate these two problems.The primary objective of the paper is to analyze critically the existing literature on the poverty-environmental degradation nexus and try to make "some order out of the chaos" inherent in this complex and difficult subject. For this paper, our analysis is limited to the following four main natural resources which are under serious threat of degradation in many developing countries: i) forests; ii) land; iii) water; and iv) air. Biodiversity is excluded at this point because the preliminary literature search found only scattered and inconclusive information. However, it should not be inferred that biodiversity is less important than the four resources chosen; indeed it is an area which needs particular attention in the future.Once the natural resource sectors have been identified, a cause, impact and feedback analysis is carried out. In this manner, we hope first to identify the main agents and the degree of their contribution towards the destruction of the environment and second, the incentives or motivating factors encouraging their unsustainable activities. The impact and feedback analysis should highlight the main impacts arising from the degradation activities and the socio-economic effect these impacts have across the various income groups in the economy.1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 List different opinions on poverty and environmental degradationnguage Focus2.1Tense in citationPresent tense - Authors mostly use the present tense verbs to show their opinion on another person's research, relate what other authors say or discuss the literature, theoretical concepts, methods, etc. However, the simple past and present perfect are also possible verb forms in this case. Look at these examples in the present tense: ∙Nelson (1995) remarks∙Jones (2005) stresses∙Morison (2000) advocates∙Zhang (2007) claims∙Zhambhi (2008) arguesPast tense - When you use the past tense, the reporting verb often occurs as an integral citation. In other words, citations with past tense verbs and named researchers as subject seem to have the discourse role of providing particulars for recounting events, results found or a preceding generalization or the basis for a claim, etc. In the example below, the citation reports the results of a single study.Carlson and Benton (2007) found that as they increased the participants’stress levels, the results of their performance deteriorated.Common verbs in the past tense are: investigated, studied, compared, analyzed, found, and examined.Present perfect - The present perfect tense can be used to state that the research results are recent, expressing what has been found over an extended period in the past and up to the present to highlight the direct relevance of previous studies to the writer's own research. Look at the following example:Although the results of pervious studies showed that further research was warranted in this area, recent studies have demonstrated that educational methodology is now moving in a new direction (Jones, 2007; Karstal, 2008).2.1.1 Check the sample introduction and complete the following table.2.2Citing verbsIt is important that you learn how to cite information in a correct way. There are certain conventions to follow when citing someone’s work. Words like “say”,“tell”, and “ask” are normally used in oral conversation s but are not appropriate in formal academic writing. The following table illustrates some appropriate words to use for reporting the work of others.Verbs for sayingJalal (1993) claimsbelievesthinksassumesindicatesnotesremarksstatesshowspoints outthat …More Verbs for sayingJalal’s (1993) study suggestsconsidershypothesizesconcludescommentsemphasizesillustratesproposesestablishesmaintainsthat…Verbs responding to others’opinionsThe analysis of the Jalal’s report acceptsadmitsagreesdoubtsthat …deniesarguescomments Verbs for saying a second timeJalal (1993) further/additionally assertsexplainsconfirmsmaintainsadvocatesthat …Poor patterns show that the writer has a mere grasp of the literature:Jalal (1993) says that …The Asian Development Bank (1992) states that … Leach and Mearns (1995) argue that …Better sample shows some critical thinking and sentence variety:Jalal (1993) reports that his study of … shows … The findings are supported by the Asian Development Bank (1992) replication of … Although both these studies focus on …. They have ignored … According to Leach and Mearns (1995), …2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.3. Writing Practice3.1 Using referencesUse citation to develop your own argument.Below are examples of parts of paragraphs using three different citation methods (The references cited have been invented for demonstration purposes only). Thesemethods can be called information prominent, where the focus of the sentence is only on the information being presented; author prominent, where the name of the author of the information is given prominence in the sentence; and weak author prominent, where the ideas of author(s) are given prominence, but authors’ names do not appear in the main part of the sentence. Observe how the different methods contribute to the way in which the writer’s argument is developed.Information prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. The wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers (Smith, 2000).This is the default style in many areas of science. However, there are two other options, which should also be part of a writer’s repertoire, for use when appropriate. Author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. Smith (2000) argued that the wool industry was experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers. However, Jones et al. (2004) found that industry difficulties were more related to quality of supply than to demand issues. It is clear that considerable disagreement exists about the underlying sources of these problems.Weak author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. As Smith (2000) pointed out, the wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers.3.1.1 The following is a chart describing people living on less than 1.25 dollars.Look at the following chart and practice citing these figures by using three different types of citation.Figure: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (% of population)Created By Swati Revankar from World Bank, 2012 Information prominent citationAuthor prominent citationWeak author prominent citation3.2 Relating literature to your researchIt is easy to write a bad literature review and difficult to write a good one. The main mistake that a lot of people make is to write a literature review that looks like this:LITERATURE REVIEWUntil recently many researchers have shown interest in the field of coastal erosion and the resulting beach profiles. They have carried out numerous laboratory experiments and field observations to illuminate the darkness of this field. Their findings and suggestions are reviewed here.JACHOWSKI (2008) developed a model investigation conducted on the interlocking precast concrete block seawall. After a result of a survey of damages caused by the severe storm at the coast of USA, a new and specially shaped concrete block was developed for use in shore protection. This block was designed to be used in a revetment type seawall that would be both durable and economical as well as reduce wave run-up and overtopping, and scour at its base or toe. It was proved that effective shore protection could be designed utilizing these units.HOM-MA and HORIKAWA (2008) studied waves forces acting on the seawall which was located inside the surf zone. On the basis of the experimental results conducted to measure waves forces against a vertical wall, the authors proposed an empirical formula of wave pressure distribution on a seawall. The computed results obtained by using the above formula were compared well with the field data of wave pressure on a vertical wall.SELEZOV and ZHELEZNYAK (2009) conducted experiments on scour of sea bottom in front of harbor seawalls, on the basis of the theoretical investigation of solitary wave interaction with a vertical wall using Boussinesque type equation. It showed that the numerical results were in reasonable agreement with laboratory experimental data.3.2.1 Consider again the purposes of writing a literature review. See if you can answer the following questions about the literature review above:1. What questions does this literature review answer?2. What questions doesn't it answer?3. Which method has the writer used to organize the literature review?4. Is it a good literature review? Why?3.3 Avoiding plagiarism3.2.1 Below are two versions of the same information, adapted from the Introduction by McNeill et al. (2007). Decide which version has the problem of plagiarism and identify where the writer has plagiarizedVersion 1:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that in situ 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions, but they indicated that the technique was not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.Version 2:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that insitu 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions. However, this technique is not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.4. Writing ProjectWrite a literature review for your research by the following steps:1. Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?2. Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored3. Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic4. Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature5. Relate the review to your research topicYou are preparing to write an essay entit led “The social effects of tourism on developing countries”. Read the following abstract and then try to write a literature review relating to the topic according to the above mentioned steps:AbstractTourism is the fastest growing industry internationally. Popular areas of study are the economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of tourism in developing countries. Very few studies have been conducted on the impact of tourism on the hosts’ health status. Nowadays, the emergence of new infectious diseases or there-emergence of diseases are causing concern and travel is a major contributor to their spread. The objectives of this study were: to review literature related to the topic as a background for future research; to explore if findings from a field trip to Easter Island/Chile and Peru support the hypotheses derived from the analysis of publications; to recommend a range of research topics based on the outcome of this study; and to propose elements of a framework for the assessment of health impacts of tourism. The findings suggest that there are considerable gaps in the current knowledge on tourism’s health impacts. Potential indirect and direct health impacts have been identified. Workplace health and safety concerns in relation to local tourism employees have been raised. A wide range of research topics has been suggested based on these findings. Finally, elements of a possible framework for understanding tourism’s health impacts and their interrelationships have been identified.Sources from: Irmgard Bauer, THE JOURNAL OF TOURISM STUDIES Vol. 10, No. 1, MAY ‘99 115. Final ChecklistHere is a final checklist for writing Introduction (including literature review). Use it to check what you have written in the previous task.。
高三英语kinglear教案Unit2ingLearTeachingGoals:I.Eotionalteaching:ToaetheSsfailiariththegreatorsbyShaspereandthelifes toryofthegreatliteraturer.ToinstructtheSstoanalysethedesireandthegreedandtheg reatnessofthedifferentcharacters.HelptheSssortoutth egoodqualitiesfrothetoplays.II.Teachingais:ThisunitincludestoscenesoftheplayingLear.Ssshouldle arntheplotsbytheselvesafterclassandthenputforardthe irquestionsandpresenttheirviesinclass.HelptheSstogetridofthehurdleoflearninglanguageandth egraerpartbybiningpracticeandextensionexercises.III.TeachingIportantanddifficultpoints:HotoenabletheSshaveabetterunderstandnigofthetheeoft heplay.HotoinstructSstofindapproachtoiprovingtheirability, especiallyreading,teachingtheselvesTeachingProcedures:READINGARINGUPpletethefolloinglovetest.Doyouloveyourfather?yes.___________No.___________Houchdoyoulovehi?A.VeryuchB.So-soc.VerylittleD.Notatallhichofthefolloingbestdescribesyourfeelingtoardsyour father?A.Iloveshiorethanylife.B.IlovehiasuchasIloveyeyes.c.IlovehiasuchasIshould,nooreandnoless.D.Idon’tnohouchIlovehi.Ihaveneverthoughtaboutthequestion.E.Idon’tlovehi,butIdon’thatehieither.F.Ihatehi.G._________Ifyouerearried,hoouldyouloveore,yourife/husbandoryo urfather?Ifyourfathergaveyou1,000yuanonconditionthatyoutellh ithatyoulovehiveryuch,ouldyousayso?yes._______No._________Ifyoucouldchooseafather,hichouldyouchoose?A.Afatherhoasveryrichbutdidn’tloveyou.B.Afatherhohadnooneybutlovedyouveryuch.PRE-READINGGlancequiclythroughPart1oftheplayandanserthefolloin gquestions.Listthecharactershoappearinthispartoftheplay.ingLear,Goneril,Regan,cordelia,theDuesofAlbanyandcornall,theDueofenthichofthecharactersdoyouthinareshoninthepictureonPa ge11.ingLearandhisthreedaughters----Goneril,Regan,cordel iaHILE-READING1Readtheplayandpletetheplotdiagra.AplotdiagraDescriptionSettingingLearhas3daughters.Heisoldandantstodividehisingdo aonghisdaughters.Heisgoingtodothisthrougha “lovetest”.conflictFlatteryvshonesty;ordsvsactionRisingactionHisfirsttodaughtersflatterhiithniceords ,buttheyoungestdaughterinsistsontellingthetruth.cliaxHearingthetruth,theinggetsveryangry.Hegivesallhisla ndtothefirsttodaughtersandleavesnothingtotheyounges tone.2Readtheplayagain,andpletethefolloingainpoints.AINPoINTS:ingLeargaveaayhislandtohisdaughtersaccordingtohouch they________hi.ingLearantsto______anddecidesto______hislandtothree daughters.Heantstono____________theylovehi.GonerilandReganaetheing_________bysayingtheylovehiv eryuch.They______thelandcordeliaaestheingangrybybeing_________andnot_______ __hi.Shegets________.ent,theservant,aestheing_________bydefendingcordeli aandbeggingtheingtolistentothe_______.3choosetheproperordstodescribethecharacters’Personality.Honestloyalhot-headedtruthfuldeceitfulhard-heartedr espectfulcorruptgreedyInnocentfoolishcunningbad-teperedlovin gcharactersPersonalitingLearHot-headed,hard-hearted,foolish,bad-tepered GonerilDeceitful,corrupt,greedy,cunningReganDeceitful,corrupt,greedy,cunningcordeliaHonest,truthful,loving,innocententLoyal,respectful,honest,truthfulEXPLANATIoNhandover移交；让与tohandoverandofaship移交军舰的指挥权Thepicpocetashandedovertothepolice.扒手被送交警方。
abc销售部经理王华英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1ABC Sales Department Manager Wang Hua's English EssayWang Hua is the Sales Department Manager at ABC Company. With over a decade of experience in sales and management, Wang Hua has been instrumental in driving sales growth and building long-lasting relationships with clients. In this essay, we will take a closer look at Wang Hua's role as the Sales Department Manager and how he has contributed to the success of ABC Company.As the Sales Department Manager, Wang Hua is responsible for overseeing the sales team, setting sales targets, developing sales strategies, and ensuring that the team meets its goals. He is also in charge of building and maintaining relationships with key clients, identifying new business opportunities, and providing leadership and guidance to his team.One of Wang Hua's key strengths is his ability to motivate and inspire his team. He leads by example and is always willing to roll up his sleeves and pitch in to help the team achieve itsgoals. Wang Hua also fosters a culture of collaboration and teamwork within the sales department, which has led to increased productivity and improved performance.In addition to his exceptional leadership skills, Wang Hua is also known for his strong analytical abilities and strategic thinking. He has a keen understanding of market trends and consumer behavior, which allows him to develop effective sales strategies that drive revenue growth and increase market share. Wang Hua is also adept at building relationships with clients and stakeholders, which has been key to his success in expanding ABC Company's client base.Wang Hua's dedication to excellence and commitment to delivering results have not gone unnoticed. Under his leadership, the sales department at ABC Company has consistently exceeded its targets and has been recognized for its exceptional performance. Wang Hua's innovative approach to sales and his ability to adapt to changing market conditions have been instrumental in driving the company's success.In conclusion, Wang Hua is a dynamic and visionary leader who has made significant contributions to ABC Company as the Sales Department Manager. His leadership, strategic thinking, and ability to inspire his team have been key to the company'ssuccess. With Wang Hua at the helm, ABC Company iswell-positioned for continued growth and success in the years to come.篇2ABC Sales Department Manager Wang Hua EnglishIntroduction:As the Sales Department Manager of ABC Company, Wang Hua has played a crucial role in the success and growth of the company. With his strong leadership skills, exceptional sales strategies, and dedication to his team, Wang Hua has consistently exceeded sales targets and fostered a positive work environment.Background:Wang Hua joined ABC Company as a Sales Executive ten years ago. Through his hard work and determination, he quickly rose through the ranks to become the Sales Department Manager. Wang Hua's passion for sales and his ability to connect with clients have been instrumental in his success.Achievements:Under Wang Hua's leadership, the sales team at ABC Company has consistently met and exceeded their sales targets. Wang Hua has implemented innovative sales strategies, such as leveraging social media and digital marketing, to reach a wider audience and increase sales. His dedication to customer satisfaction has also led to an increase in repeat business and customer loyalty.Leadership:Wang Hua is known for his strong leadership skills and his ability to motivate and inspire his team. He leads by example, always going above and beyond to ensure the success of the sales department. Wang Hua's open-door policy and willingness to listen to his team's ideas have created a collaborative work environment where everyone feels valued and supported.Vision:Wang Hua has a clear vision for the future of the sales department at ABC Company. He is constantly researching industry trends and identifying new opportunities for growth. Wang Hua is committed to staying ahead of the competition and continuously improving the sales processes to ensure thelong-term success of the company.Conclusion:In conclusion, Wang Hua's commitment to excellence, strong leadership skills, and dedication to his team have made him an invaluable asset to ABC Company. His passion for sales and his ability to drive results have set him apart as atop-performing Sales Department Manager. Wang Hua's achievements and vision for the future are a testament to his exceptional capabilities as a leader in the sales industry.篇3ABC Sales Department Manager Wang Hua's English EssayWang Hua is the Sales Department Manager at ABC Company, a leading provider of innovative products in the industry. With over ten years of experience in sales and management, Wang Hua has shown exceptional leadership skills and a deep understanding of the market. In this essay, we will explore Wang Hua's journey to becoming a successful sales manager and the strategies he uses to drive sales and achieve company goals.Wang Hua's career in sales began shortly after graduating from university with a degree in Business Administration. He started as a sales representative at a small company, where hequickly demonstrated his strong communication skills and ability to build relationships with customers. His hard work and dedication were soon recognized, and he was promoted to sales manager within a few years.As a sales manager, Wang Hua faced various challenges, such as meeting sales targets, managing a team of sales representatives, and developing new sales strategies. However, his determination and passion for sales allowed him to overcome these challenges and excel in his role. He implemented innovative sales tactics, such as using social media and online marketing to reach a wider audience, which helped increase sales and grow the company's customer base.One of Wang Hua's key strengths as a sales manager is his ability to motivate and inspire his team. He believes in leading by example and works closely with his sales representatives to set achievable goals and provide them with the necessary support and training to succeed. Wang Hua encourages collaboration and open communication within the team, which has fostered a positive and productive work environment.In addition to his leadership skills, Wang Hua also has a strong understanding of market trends and customer preferences. He regularly conducts market research and analyzessales data to identify opportunities for growth and improve the company's products and services. Wang Hua is constantly seeking ways to innovate and stay ahead of the competition, which has helped ABC Company maintain its position as a market leader.One of Wang Hua's most notable achievements as a sales manager was launching a successful sales campaign that exceeded company targets by 20%. He led his team in developing a comprehensive sales strategy that included personalized customer outreach, targeted marketing campaigns, and special promotions. Through his strategic planning and effective execution, Wang Hua was able to attract new customers and increase sales revenue significantly.Wang Hua's dedication to his role as Sales Department Manager at ABC Company is evident in his commitment to excellence and his strong work ethic. He is constantly striving to improve himself and his team, setting high standards for performance and professionalism. Wang Hua's leadership has been instrumental in driving sales growth and expanding the company's market presence.In conclusion, Wang Hua is a talented and experienced sales manager who has made significant contributions to ABCCompany's success. His strategic thinking, leadership skills, and market knowledge have helped the company achieve its sales goals and maintain a competitive edge in the industry. Wang Hua's passion for sales and dedication to his team make him an invaluable asset to ABC Company, and his future in sales management looks promising.。
东城农贸市场改造英语课或许你想要表达的是“东城农贸市场改造计划在英语课上被讨论”，以下是根据这个意思为你提供的一段文字，希望对你有帮助。
During the English class, the renovation plan of Dongcheng Farmers' Market was discussed. The students showed a high interest in this topic and actively participated in the discussion.Firstly, the teacher presented some pictures and data of Dongcheng Farmers' Market, showing its current situation and the problems it faces. Then, the students were divided into several groups to discuss the renovation plan. Each group put forward some feasible suggestions, such as improving the market environment, adding more parking spaces, and establishing a food safety testing center.During the group presentation, the students used simple English to express their ideas and proposals. Although their language expressions were not very accurate, their enthusiasm and creativity were admirable. The teacher commented on and guided each group, encouraging them to continue thinking and exploring.In conclusion, this English class was very practical and meaningful. By discussing the renovation plan of Dongcheng Farmers' Market, students not only improved their English skills, but also developed their thinking and teamwork abilities. At the same time, they also realized the importance of civic responsibility and the impact of their own actions on the community.。
有个性的快递员作文英语Title: The Quirky Courier。
In the bustling streets of a small town nestled between rolling hills, there lived a courier whose presence was as distinctive as the parcels he delivered. His name was Jack, and he wasn't your ordinary courier. With his unruly mop of hair, adorned with an assortment of colorful hairpins, and his penchant for mismatched socks, Jack stood out in a crowd.Jack's delivery cart was more than just a means of transporting packages; it was his canvas for self-expression. Covered in stickers from every corner of the world, each one telling a story of a place Jack had visited or a person he had met along the way. People would often stop and admire the cart, struck by its eclectic charm.But it wasn't just his appearance or his cart that made Jack unique; it was his approach to his job. Unlike mostcouriers who hurriedly dropped off packages without a second thought, Jack took the time to get to know the people on his route. He knew Mrs. Thompson had a weakness for chocolate chip cookies, so he always made sure to stop by the bakery on his way to her house. And he remembered that Mr. Patel's daughter was away at college, so he would always ask how she was doing whenever he saw him.It was this personal touch that endeared Jack to the residents of the town. They didn't just see him as a courier; they saw him as a friend. And it wasn't uncommon for people to invite him in for a cup of tea or ask him to stay for dinner when he made a delivery.But Jack's quirky personality didn't always sit well with his superiors at the courier company. They were more concerned with efficiency and timeliness than they were with building relationships. They warned Jack to stick to the schedule and focus on making deliveries, but try as he might, Jack couldn't help but be himself.One day, a new manager was brought in to oversee theoperations of the courier company. He was a no-nonsensetype of guy who didn't have much patience for Jack's eccentricities. He called Jack into his office and told him that if he didn't shape up, he would be out of a job.Feeling disheartened, Jack went about his deliverieswith a heavy heart. But as he made his way through the town, he was greeted by smiles and waves from the people he had come to know so well. And he realized that his uniqueness was what made him special, not just as a courier, but as a person.With a newfound sense of confidence, Jack decided to confront the manager and plead his case. He explained that while he may not fit the mold of a traditional courier, his approach to the job was what set him apart and endeared him to the community. To his surprise, the manager listened intently and agreed to give him another chance.From that day forward, Jack continued to be the quirky courier that everyone knew and loved. And while he may not have been the fastest or the most efficient, he wascertainly the most beloved. For Jack knew that sometimes, it's not just about delivering packages; it's about delivering smiles and building connections that last a lifetime.。
店里售卖黑色帽子英语作文Selling Black Hats in the Store: A Marketing Strategy。
In today's competitive market, every business strives to stand out and attract customers. As a retailer selling black hats, it's essential to develop a robust marketing strategy to not only increase sales but also create a lasting impression on customers. This essay will explore various marketing techniques inspired by the most downloaded articles online to effectively sell black hats in the store.Understanding the Target Audience:Before diving into marketing strategies, it's crucial to understand the target audience. Black hats appeal to a wide range of customers, including fashion enthusiasts, athletes, and individuals seeking sun protection. By identifying the primary demographic, we can tailor our marketing efforts accordingly.Utilizing Social Media:Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter are powerful tools for marketing black hats. We can create visually appealing posts featuring different styles of black hats in various settings. Collaborating with influencers and bloggers who specialize in fashion and lifestyle can further amplify our reach. Additionally, running targeted ads on these platforms based on demographics and interests can effectively attractpotential customers.Creating an Online Presence:In addition to social media, having a strong online presence through a website or e-commerce platform is essential. The website should be user-friendly, visually appealing, and optimized for mobile devices. High-quality images of black hats from different angles should be showcased, along with detailed descriptions and pricing information. Offering online purchasing options with securepayment gateways ensures convenience for customers.Implementing In-Store Promotions:In-store promotions are effective for attracting foot traffic and encouraging purchases. We can offer discounts or bundle deals for customers purchasing multiple black hats. Limited-time promotions, such as "buy one, get one free," can create a sense of urgency and drive sales. Additionally, hosting events or workshops related to hat styling and maintenance can provide added value to customers and enhance their shopping experience.Emphasizing Quality and Versatility:When marketing black hats, it's essential to emphasize their quality and versatility. Highlighting features such as UV protection, durability, and breathable materials can appeal to customers looking for functional hats. Showcase how black hats can complement different outfits and styles, from casual to formal occasions. Testimonials and reviews from satisfied customers can further reinforce the qualityand versatility of the hats.Building Brand Loyalty:Building brand loyalty is crucial for long-term success. Offer rewards programs or loyalty points for repeat customers to incentivize future purchases. Engage with customers through personalized email newsletters, exclusive offers, and social media interactions to foster a sense of community and connection with the brand. Providingexcellent customer service and addressing any concerns promptly can also help build trust and loyalty among customers.Conclusion:In conclusion, selling black hats in the store requires a comprehensive marketing strategy that encompasses both online and offline channels. By understanding the target audience, leveraging social media, creating an online presence, implementing in-store promotions, emphasizing quality and versatility, and building brand loyalty, we caneffectively market black hats and drive sales. With careful planning and execution, our store can become a go-to destination for customers seeking stylish and functional black hats.。
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Porous Double-shelled SnO 2@C Hollow Spheres as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion BatteriesXiao Li,Yan Zhang,Huijuan Zhang *,Yangyang Feng,Yu Wang *The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,ChinaA R T I C L E I N F OArticle history:Received 19November 2015Received in revised form 21February 2016Accepted 23February 2016Available online 24February 2016Keywords:SnO 2Double-shellHollow structure Anode materialsA B S T R A C TThe novel porous double-shelled SnO 2@C hollow spheres possess numerous outstanding properties.Its inner active hollow spheres can effectively improve the tag energy density and its double-shelled carbon wrapping outside of each SnO 2-shell can protect the integrity of structure as well as enhance electrical conductivity.This is a signi ficant improvement in the design and synthesis of multi-shell or core-shell functional materials.More valuably,the porous hollow structure can not only facilitate liquid electrolyte fast diffusion into the double-shelled spheres but also buffer large volume changes during lithium ions insertion/extraction.Importantly,due to the prominent dispersibility and high speci fic surface area,the SnO 2spheres can provide suf ficient contact areas between active materials and electrolyte so as to improve its electrochemical performance.As a result,the obtained double-shelled SnO 2nanocomposites exhibit excellent rate capability,enhanced cyclability (911mA h g À1after 100circles)and high speci fic energy density.Undoubtedly,the unique structure can provide a reference to effectively utilize hollow structures.ã2016Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionNowadays,with the fast development and vast demand in portable electronic devices and vehicular transport,lithium ion batteries (LIBs)have attracted intensive attention because of their high energy density,superior power density and enhanced cyclability [1–4].As we all know,owing to the high lithium storage capacity and low charge/discharge potential,Sn-based anode materials are accepted as promising anode candidates for the next generation of LIBs [5–7].Therefore,Sn-based materials with different novel morphologies have been widely studied and reported [8–14].It is worth mentioning that the theoretical speci fic capacity of Sn to Li 4.4Sn is 992mA h g À1which is much higher than that of the graphite anode material (372mA h g À1)for commercial LIBs.However,according to the previous reports,there exists a critical problem that the serious volume expansion between Sn and Li 4.4Sn is about 300%[15],resulting in pulverization of the active particles and poor cycling life,for which great effort has been devoted to further improving property of SnO 2-besed anode materials [16–19].Generally,two kinds of approaches are always considered to solve the trouble above.For one thing,uniqueelectrode materials with hollow or porous nanostructure are designed and synthesized to provide inner empty space for mitigating the huge volume change.For another,SnO 2-based nanocomposites,active materials encapsulated by assistant materials (such as carbon),are constructed to supply an effective buffer for the large volume change and mechanical strain.In consideration of ef ficient methods above,plentiful special hollow structures were successfully fabricated.These unique materials have large empty space within the particles,so that the active materials can overcome the large volume variation to some degree and enhance the properties of LIBs.Nevertheless,inner hollow space will bring relatively low power densities and volumetric energy,resulting in a waste of hollow cavity.In order to make full use of attractive hollow cavity,many effective approaches are carried out including fabricating the core-shell [20–22]or multi-shell [23,24]hollow structures and decreasing the size of the inner space.However,simple core-shell or multi-shell hollow structures can not only hinder the adequate contact between active materials and electrolyte,but also easily be damaged after merely initial several charge-discharge cycles.Recently,Lou et al.[25]have successfully prepared the unique bowl-like SnO 2@C which can reduce the excessive hollow interior space in order to promote lithium storage performance and increase the tag energy density.It is well known that hydrothermal method is one of promising approaches to synthesize different materials with varied*Corresponding authors.E-mail addresses:wangy@ (H.Zhang),zhanghj@ (Y.Wang)./10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.1510013-4686/ã2016Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Electrochimica Acta 195(2016)208–215Contents lists available at ScienceDirectElectrochimica Actaj o u rn a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /e l e c t a c tamorphology,high purity and perfect crystallization[26–28].In this report,the novel porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres were synthesized by multi-step hydrothermal methods.Obviously, the volumetric energy density can be improved by the porous SnO2-based nanocomposites,due to the double-shelled active materials and meanwhile the general advantages of normal hollow structures can also be retained.More importantly,porous hollow structure can make it easy for liquid electrolyte to diffuse into the double-shelled spheres and buffer large volume changes during lithium ions insertion/extraction.Furthermore,the coating carbon of both internal and external hollow spheres is beneficial for structure stability and electrical conductivity.Undoubtedly,the as-prepared unique anode materials exhibit excellent cyclic stability, superior rate capability and high specific energy density based on the designed special porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.2.Experimental2.1.MaterialsAmmonia solution(Kanto Chemical,25$28%),Ethyl silicate (TEOS,!28%,),Ethanol(C2H6O,!99.9%,KeLong Chemical),Sodium Borohydride(NaBH4,97%,KeLong Chemical),Potassium Stannate Trihydrate(K2SnO3.3H2O,98%,Titan Chemical),Urea(CH4N2O, 99%,KeLong Chemical),D(+)-Glucose(Cica-Reagent,Kanto Chem-ical),were used as received.2.2.Preparation of SiO2core-shell spheresIn a typical synthesis,monodisperse silica nanospheres ($300nm in diameter)were synthesized by the well-known Stöber’s method.Deionized water(10mL),ethanol(74mL)and a concentrated aqueous solution(3.14ml,25$28%)were mixed stage by stage along with strong stirring.The miscible liquids were stirred for0.5h before6ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS)was added in.Then the solution was stirred for another6hours.After that,the samples were washed by centrifugation three times with deionized water and one time with ethanol,and then were dried at 60 C.In the next moment,the as-prepared SiO2spheres(0.9g) were dispersed in deionized water.Under mild stirring,NaBH4 (1.8g)was added to the system at room temperature for5days.The further growth of shells and dissolution of cores may be facilitated through Ostwald ripening.Obviously,the unique properties of NaBH4(high pH and slow decomposition)provide the optimal conditions for the growth of hollow shells.At last,the SiO2core-shell spheres were washed by centrifugation three times with deionized water and one time with ethanol,followed by drying at 60 C.2.3.Preparation of double-shelled SnO2hollow spheresIn a typical process,the SiO2core-shell spheres(0.1g) and urea(0.9g)were dispersed in30mL of ethanol/water (37.5vol%ethanol)mixed solvent by ultra sonication for5min. Subsequently,K2SnO3.3H2O(0.144g)was dissolved in miscible liquids above by ultra sonication for another5min and the last mixture was transferred to a45mL teflon autoclave which was then heated in an electric oven at170 C for36h.After the autoclave was naturally cooled to room temperature,the white samples deposited at the bottom were collected and washed by centrifugation for at least three cycles using deionized water and one cycle using pure ter on, the SiO2template was etched in2M NaOH at45 C for5h and the double-shelled hollow spheres were centrifuged and dried in an oven at60 C.2.4.Preparation of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheresThe double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres(0.1g)and glucose (C6H12O6.3H2O)(1M,2mL)was easily dispersed in deionized water by ultra sonication for5min.The resulting suspension was transferred to a45mL teflon autoclave and the hydrithermal reaction were carried out at180 C for12h in an electric oven.The dark gray products were harvested by centrifugation three times with deionized water and one time with ethanol,and were dried at 60 C for several hours.In the end,the resulting brown powders were loaded into the tube furnace and carbonized at500 C for4h under Ar atmosphere.The process yields the formation of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.2.5.Preparation of the normal SnO2@C hollow spheresIn a typical synthesis,monodisperse silica nanospheres ($300nm in diameter)were synthesized by the well-known Stöber’s method as stated earlier.Coating of SnO2shell on silica nanospheres was achieved according to the same method with the preparation of core-shelled SiO2@ter on,the SiO2 template was etched in2M NaOH at45 C for5h and the SnO2 hollow spheres were centrifuged and dried in an oven at60 C.The SnO2hollow spheres(0.1g)and glucose(C6H12O6.3H2O)(1M, 2mL)was easily dispersed in deionized water and the hydrither-mal reaction were carried out at180 C for12h in an electric oven. In the end,the resulting brown powders were loaded into the tube furnace and carbonized at500 C for4h under Ar atmosphere. Finally,the normal SnO2@C hollow spheres were obtained.2.6.CharacterizationA transmission electron microscope(Philips,Tecnai,F30, 300kV)coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) analyzer and afield-emission scanning electron microscope(JEOL, JSM-7800F,15kV),a X-ray diffractometer with Cu K a (l=1.78897Å)radiation(XRD,Bruker D8Advance),a BET surface-area and pore-size analyzer(Quantachrome Autosorb-6B).2.7.Electrochemical measurementsThe working electrode consisted of active material,carbon black,and polyvinyl difluoride(PVDF)in a weight ratio of 80:10:10was prepared under strong magnetic stirring for at least 1days and pasted on Cu foil.The active materials loading in each electrode disc(about12mmin diameter)were typically0.5–1.0mg,corresponding to about0.66mg cmÀ2.The electrolyte usedwas a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC+DMC)(1:1in volume)containing1M LiPF6.Celgard2400was used as the separator.The cell was assembled in an argon-filled glove box.The glvanostatic charge–discharge tests were carried out on a LAND battery program-control test system(CT-2001A, Jinnuo electronic Co.).Cyclic voltammetry(CV)was performed on a CHI660D electrochemistry workstation(Chenhua Instrument Co.) at a scan rate of0.1mV/s between3V and5mV(vs.Li/Li+).3.Results and discussionIn the paper,a multi-step strategy is carried out to achieve the unique target product.The product of every step is examined by emission scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)as shown in Fig.1.By the well-known Stöber process[29],the uniform SiO2spheres with diameter of$300nm were prepared(Fig.1a).Subsequently,core-shelled SiO2spheres(Fig.1b and Fig.S1a)were achieved under the function of NaBH4[30].NaBH4is necessary for the formation of theX.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta195(2016)208–215209SiO2core-shelled structure and meanwhile the reaction between water and NaBH4slowly generates sodium metaborate NaBO2and H2as follows.NaBH4+2H2O=NaBO2+4H2Consequently,an alkaline solution with a high pH value is quickly established so that the amorphous surface silica is destroyed and dissolved.What’s more,the NaBO2resulting from gradual decomposition of NaBH4is beneficial to the redeposition of a silica layer.And then the as-prepared core-shell SiO2was coated with SnO2(Fig.1c,Fig.S1b and Fig.S1c).Fig.2and Fig.S1d show the pure double-shelled SnO2spheres,which were obtained through dissolving SiO2template in NaOH solution.In the end,with the assistance of hydrogen bonding between the double-shelled SnO2and glucose molecules,thefinal product was fabricated by coating green glucose on SnO2,followed by heating in a tube furnace(500 C).The TEM image(Fig.1d)clearly manifests the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.TheformationFig.2.Low-magnification SEM image of the double-shelled SnO2hollowspheres.Fig.1.a)TEM image of as-prepared SiO2spheres.b)STEM image of core-shell SiO2spheres.c)STEM image of core-shell SiO2@SnO2spheres.d)TEM image of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.210X.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta195(2016)208–215procedure of electrode material is shown in Scheme1a(experi-mental details are displayed in the experimental section).Among the whole process,porous structure is the key to coating carbon on internal spheres and dissolving the silica templates because it can improve the necessary interaction channels.Meanwhile,the presence of porous structure leads electrolyte to freely shuttle back and forth from outside to inside,which is the solid foundation for the outstanding electrochemical performance as an anode for LIBs.As observed in Fig.2,the perfect double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres can be uniformly and evenly fabricated in large scale.In the magnified SEM image as shown in Fig.3a,a majority of double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres with homogeneous size and smooth surface can be clearly demonstrated.Notably,it is inevitable to form a small number of normal hollow spheres,which can hardly affect the excellent electrochemical performances.Additionally, closer examination reveals that the thickness of each shell is about 30nm(Fig.3b)and the diameter of internal spheres andexternalFig.3.a)SEM image of the double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres.b–e)TEM and HRTEM images of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.f–i)Elemental mapping images of as-prepared hollowspheres.Scheme1.a)The formation mechanism of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.b)The illustration of all the advantages the unique structure possesses as anode materials for LIBs.X.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta195(2016)208–215211spheres is150nm and350nm(Fig.3d),respectively.Through the comparison of Fig.3a and Fig.3b,we canfind that the edge of double-shelled SnO2nanocomposites in Fig.3b becomes porous and rough,resulting from carbonization under high-temperature calcinations.To further reveal the structure of thehollow spheres, high-resolution TEM(HRTEM),powder X-ray diffraction(XRD)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)characterizations were carried out.The XRD pattern(Fig.S2a)exhibits the diffraction peaks which matches well with tetragonal rutile SnO2(JCPDS card no.41-1445),without anyimpure peak,such as Sn and SnO,which is also in accordance with energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) (Fig.S2b).In addition,HRTEM image is shown in Fig.3c,from which we can detect that the measured interplanar distance (0.34nm)is in good agreement with(110)plane of SnO2.To confirm the spatial element distribution of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres,the elemental mapping characterization is carried out.In Fig.3f-i,the element of Sn,O,C clearly shows a well maintained double-shelled structure(marked in the images), corresponding to the structure of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.The carbon content in these SnO2composite hollow nanospheres is$15.2wt%by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)(Fig.S3a).At the same time,as uncovered in Fig.S3b,the carbon content of the normal SnO2@C hollow spheres is$19.6wt %.To determine the specific surface area and pore size of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres,nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement was applied.The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm curve of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres is revealed in Fig.4.By the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH)method,the average pore size calculated is approximately 3.8nm,further affirming the presence of porous structure we obtained by simple hydrothermal process.The unique porous structure is not only for the formation of SnO2@C nanocomposites, but also for the outstanding electrochemical performance. Meanwhile,the SnO2hollow spheres possess Brunauer–Emmett-–Teller(BET)surface area of116.5m2gÀ1which can enhance the contact areas between electrode and electrolyte.Therefore,the porous structure and high surface area are beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance as an anode for LIBs.To evaluate the lithium storage property of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres,a series of electrochemical measurements were carried out.As shown in Fig.5a,cyclic voltammogram(CV)was applied to investigate the oxidation/ reduction process within the range of0.005–3.0V(vs.Li/Li+)at a scan rate of0.5mV sÀ1.Specifically,three dominant peaks are observed in thefirst cathodic scan.Two of them are around1.3V and0.73V,which might be separately ascribed to the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)as well as reduction of SnO2to Sn and Li2O[Eq.(1)].The third pronounced peak below0.7V(vs.Li/ Li+)is attributed to the multi-step reaction of Li-Sn alloy[Eq.(2)]. During thefirst anodic scan,the evident peak at0.7V and1.25V can be assigned to the de-alloying of Li x Sn and partial reversible formation of SnO2,respectively.The CV curve is in agreement with that of the SnO2anode materials reported previously[18].What’s more,the CV curves of the2nd and5th cycles almost overlap, indicating the good reversibility of the electrochemical reactions in the electrode.SnO2þ4Liþþ4eÀ!Snþ2Li2Oð1ÞSnþxLiþþxeÐLi x Snð0x4:4Þð2ÞFig.5b reveals the discharge and charge profiles of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres as anode for LIBs,which are cycled between5mV and3V(vs.Li/Li+)at0.25C(1C=625 mA gÀ1).As displayed in Fig.5b,the initial discharge and charge capacity are1703and1210mA h gÀ1respectively,which corre-spond to a relative low coulombic efficiency of71.06%resulting from the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface(SEI).From the second cycle,the discharge capacity is1149mA h gÀ1while the charge capacity is1110mA h gÀ1.Even after50th cycle,the discharge capacity remains at911mA h gÀ1with the charge capacity of906mA h gÀ1.Note that the specific capacity values are calculated based on the total mass of the double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres including the graphitized carbon support,on the surface of which there are a large amount of additional lithium ions attachment points.Meanwhile,poorly defined plateau regions can be observed in the charge-discharge profiles in Fig.5b,which is consistent with the CV results.To make a further comparison,we have also investigated the electrochemical performance and morphology of normal SnO2@C hollow spheres and double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres(Fig.S4).As shown in Fig.5c,up to100cycles between5mV and3V(vs Li/Li+)at0.25C, the specific capacity(more than900mA h gÀ1)of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres is much higher than that of double-shelled SnO2hollow spheres($700mA h gÀ1)and normal SnO2@C hollow spheres($400mA h gÀ1)synthesized by Lou’s work[18].The abrupt capacity decay of both latters(Fig.5c)is derived from the aggregation and pulverization after long time running,on the contrary,our double-shelled structure excellently maintains primary morphology as observed in the post-mortem study after100cycles(Fig.S5).The SEM images(Fig.S5c,d)reveal that the aggregation and pulverization of double-shelled SnO2Fig.4.Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm curve of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres.The inset is the corresponding pore size distribution calculated by BJH method.212X.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta195(2016)208–215Fig.5.Lithium storage electrochemical measurements were performed to characterize the porous double-shelled SnO 2@C hollow spheres:(a)cyclic voltammetry (CV)curve between 3V and 5mV at a scan rate of 0.5mV s À1(b)galvanostatic charge/discharge pro file at a current density of 0.25C.(c)cycling performance and coulombic ef ficiency of the porous double-shelled SnO 2@C hollow spheres at 0.25C and cycling performance of double-shelled SnO 2and normal SnO 2@C hollow spheres at 0.25C.(d)rate capability of the porous double-shelled SnO 2@C hollow spheres at various current densities form 0.25C to 12.8C.X.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta 195(2016)208–215213and normal SnO2@C is more terrible than that of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres,from which it clearly proves that the unique double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres possess outstanding advantages in keeping the integrity of the whole electrode.It is worth mentioning that the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres also owns higher capacity retention in comparison with other SnO2based nanostructures[31,32].In Fig.5c,the coulombic efficiency reaches up to more than98% duoto structural stability of anode materials.In addition,rate performance of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres was examined to fully study the positive influence of as-prepared unique structure.At a current rate of0.25C,the capacity remains 1080mA h gÀ1within10cycles.As the current rate increases from 0.25C to0.8C,a stable capacity as high as887mA h gÀ1can be achieved.When the current rate rises to2C,8C and even up to 12.8C,the capacity still maintains708,345and168mA h gÀ1for 10circles respectively,which is much better than some similar hollow structures[19,21,22,33].More importantly,returning to the rate of0.25C,the specific capacity is back to1034mA h gÀ1 with high capacity retention of95.7%.Undoubtedly,the superior rate capability of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres is attributed to its overall integrity compared with many literature reports of carbon-SnO2nanocomposites,the increased electrolyte/SnO2contact area and the reduced effective diffusion distance for both lithium ions and electrons resulting from the porosity of the shells.The comparison of the electrochemical performance of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres anode with other hollow SnO2-based anodes is summa-rized in Table S1.The excellent cycling life of100cycles with the reversible capacity of911mA h gÀ1at200mA gÀ1and high rate capability up to8A gÀ1is significantly improved than most of the hollow SnO2-based anodes.The attractive rate capability and reversibility of the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres can be attributed to the following reasons.First of all,during the alloying/de-alloying procedure of Sn to Li4.4Sn,the as-prepared electrode can supply the essential interspace to buffer the enormous volume expansion and impede the pulverization of active materials.Moreover,owing to the SnO2double-shelled architecture,the inner hollow space can be further utilized comparing to normal hollow materials,leading to heightened tap density of lithium ion batteries rationally (Fig.S6).Furthermore,carbon-coating double layers can not only promote electrical conductivity of porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres,but also guarantee the integrity of both internal and external hollow spheres.Finally,there exists fast transport channels for the lithium ions and liquid electrolyte owing to the porous structure of external and internal hollow spheres. Meanwhile,with high specific surface area,the porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres possess high electrode-electrolyte contact areas to significantly enhance the lithium storage properties.All the distinctive advantages above are illustrated in Scheme1b.4.ConclusionsIn summary,porous double-shelled SnO2@C hollow spheres has been successfully synthesized by feasible hydrothermal methods.The as-prepared architecture preserves overall integrity and the SnO2particles are uniformly distributed without serious aggregation.With the novel morphology and unique structure feature,the double-shelled SnO2materials as LIBs anode repre-sents enhanced electrochemical performance as expected,such as excellent rate capacity,superb specific capacity,remarkable cyclic stability.In consideration of attractive lithium storage perfor-mance,the multi-shell hollow spheres will be considered as one of the potential next-generation anode for LIBs.AcknowledgementsThis work wasfinancially supported by the Thousand Young Talents Program of the Chinese Central Government(Grant No.0220002102003),National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.21373280,21403019),Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(0301005202017)and Hundred Talents Program at Chongqing University(Grant No. 0903005203205).Appendix A.Supplementary dataSupplementary data associated with this article can be found,in the online version,at /10.1016/j. electacta.2016.02.151.References[1]Y.Idota,T.Kubota,A.Matsufuji,Y.Maekawa,T.Miyasaka,Tin-BasedAmorphous Oxide:A High-Capacity Lithium-Ion-Storage,Material Science276 (1997)1395.[2]P.G.Bruce,B.Scrosati,J.M.Tarascon,Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithiumBatteries,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.47(2008)2930.[3]M.V.Reddy,G.V.Subba Rao,B.V.R.Chowdari,Metal Oxides and Oxysalts asAnode Materials for Li Ion Batteries,Chem.Rev.113(2013)5364.[4]J.M.Tarascon,M.Armand,Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithiumBatteries,Nature414(2001)359.[5]K.T.Lee,Y.S.Jung,S.M.Oh,Synthesis of Tin-Encapsulated Spherical HollowCarbon for Anode Material in Lithium Secondary Batteries,J.Am.Chem.Soc.125(2003)5652.[6]J.S.Chen,X.W.Lou,SnO2-Based Nanomaterials:Synthesis and Application inLithium-Ion Batteries,Small9(2013)1877.[7]A.-H.Lim,H.-W.Shim,S.-D.Seo,G.-H.Lee,K.-S.Park,D.-W.Kim,Biomineralized Sn-based multiphasic nanostructures for Li-ion batteryelectrodes,Nanoscale4(2012)4694.[8]Y.Yang,Y.Li,J.Zheng,X.Li,Self-assembled3-Dflower-shaped SnO2nanostructures with improved electrochemical performance for lithiumstorage,Acta Mater.58(2010)866.[9]N.Zhang,Q.Zhao,X.Han,J.Yang,J.Chen,Pitaya-like Sn@C nanocomposites ashigh-rate and long-life anode for lithium-ion batteries,Nanoscale6(2014) 2827.[10]C.Wang,Y.Zhou,M.Ge,X.Xu,Z.Zhang,J.Z.Jiang,Large-Scale Synthesis of SnO2Nanosheets with High Lithium Storage Capacity,J.Am.Chem.Soc.132(2009)46.[11]M.-S.Park,Y.-M.Kang,J.-H.Kim,G.-X.Wang,S.-X.Dou,H.-K.Liu,Effects oflow-temperature carbon encapsulation on the electrochemical performance of SnO2nanopowders,Carbon46(2008)35.[12]H.Wang,A.L.Rogach,Hierarchical SnO2Nanostructures:RecentAdvances inDesign,Synthesis,and Applications,Chem.Mater.26(2013)123.[13]D.Wang,F.Y.C.Boey,X.W.Lou,Epitaxial Growth of Branched a-Fe2O3/SnO2Nano-Heterostructures with Improved Lithium-Ion Battery Performance,J.Am.Chem.Soc.133(2011)4738.[14]C.Xu,J.Sun,L.Gao,Direct growth of monodisperse SnO2nanorods ongraphene as high capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries,J.Mater.Chem.22(2012)975.[15]rcher,S.Beattie,M.Morcrette,K.Edstrom,J.-C.Jumas,J.-M.Tarascon,Recentfindings and prospects in thefield of pure metals as negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries,J.Mater.Chem.17(2007)3759.[16]Y.Li,S.Zhu,Q.Liu,J.Gu,Z.Guo,Z.Chen,C.Feng,D.Zhang,W.-J.Moon,Carbon-coated SnO2@C with hierarchically porous structures and graphite layersinside for a high-performance lithium-ion battery,J.Mater.Chem.22(2012) 2766.[17]G.Derrien,J.Hassoun,S.Panero,B.Scrosati,Nanostructured Sn–C Compositeas an Advanced Anode Material in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries, Adv.Mater.19(2007)2336.[18]X.W.Lou,C.M.Li,L.A.Archer,Designed Synthesis of Coaxial SnO2@carbonHollow Nanospheres for Highly Reversible Lithium Storage,Adv.Mater.21 (2009)2536.[19]Y.Wang,Y.Wang,E.Hosono,K.Wang,H.Zhou,The Design of a LiFePO4/CarbonNanocomposite With a Core–Shell Structure and Its Synthesis by an In Situ Polymerization Restriction Method,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.47(2008)7461.[20]W.-M.Zhang,J.-S.Hu,Y.-G.Guo,S.-F.Zheng,L.-S.Zhong,W.-G.Song,L.-J.Wan,Tin-Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Elastic Hollow Carbon Spheres forHigh-Performance Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries,Adv.Mater.20 (2008)1160.[21]J.Li,P.Wu,Y.Ye,H.Wang,Y.Zhou,Y.Tang,T.Lu,Designed synthesis of SnO2@Cyolk-shell spheres for high-performance lithium storage,CrystEngComm16 (2014)517.214X.Li et al./Electrochimica Acta195(2016)208–215。
Tally service 理货服务china united Tally.co.Ltd 中联理货有限公司Chief checker 理货组长vertial separation 垂直分离Over stowage 爆舱tally figure 理货数字Take the ullage 损耗apparent cargo condition 明显的货物情况Remaining cargo 残留货物chock up the cargo 检查货物经营许可证operating permit 中国外轮理货总公司China Ocean Shipping Tally Company 空载排水量light displacement 散货密度bulk density输送带conveyer belt 做关pre-sling方便快捷的查验convenient inspection 靠泊优先berthing priority有盖章和背书 A stamp endorsement 做标记mark一、1、如果船方理货与岸方理货的数字相差很多，有时需要重新理货。
2、无论装货或卸货，理货工作必须在船上而不是在岸上进行。
3、理货是指详细核对所有需要装卸的货物的一种工作。
4、理货工作主要包括对所理货物的标志、数字、和残损情况进行记录。
5、理袋装货时，每关的袋数必须相同，以便理货员在货物越过船舷时核对方便。
1、it may be necessary to consignment if the discrepancy between the ship tally and the shoretally is large.2、Tallying should be made aboard instead of ashore during the process of loading anddischarge.3、Tallying mean to check all cargoes loaded onto or discharged from a vessel.4、Tallying mainly includes checking marks and number of cargoes,making records of cargodamage.5、In tallying a baled or bagged cargo, the slings should contain the same number of bales orbags, in order that each sling may be checked easily as it crosses the rail.二、1、所有货物都在新加坡转运的吗？2、船上有很多重件，请多加注意。
3、请按照我的草图装选港货。
4、请把垫舱物料准备好。
5、所有的选港货都必须和直达货隔开。
1、Are all the cargoes to be transshipped at Singapore?2、There are many heavy items on board. Please pay more attention to them.3、Please load optional cargoes according to my Cargo Plan.4、Please prepare dunnage materials.5、All optional cargoes should be separated from direct cargoes.三、1、这个箱子重125公斤，约275磅。
2、这辆铲车大约重二吨半。
3、那个装机器的箱子的尺码是多少？4、这艘船长85米，约283英尺。
5、2舱的舱容是多少？1、This case weighs 125 kilos, about 275 pounds.2.This forklift weighs about 2.5 tons.3.What’s the measurement of the machinery case?4.The length of this ship is 85 meters ,about 283 feet.5.What’s the capacity of hold No.2?四、1、请告诉工人把外面的箱子码直。
2、外面的袋子要交叉堆放以防它们在航行中倒塌。
3、舱口位如有空位，我们将在下一个装货港再装些货。
4、把桶装油堆在棉花上是不妥当的。
5、请把醋酸的位置调一下，因为它具有腐蚀性。
1. Please tell the stevedores to put the outer bags straight.2. The outer bags should be stacked across each other to avoid the risk of falling during the voyage.3. We will load more cargoes at the next port if there is some room available at the hatchway.4. It is not proper to stow drummed oil on the cotton.5. Please shift the acid as it is corrosive.五、1、有各种各样的货物包装，比如袋、桶、盒、箱、捆等。
2、你们通常是怎样包装五金器具的？3、人们通常用纸盒包装轻货。
4、良好的包装在国际贸易中十分重要。
5、人们通常用金属桶包装油类。
1. There are a wide variety of packings,e.g.bags,drums,boxes,cartons,bales and so on.2. How do you usually pack hardware?3.Light cargoes are usually packed in cartons.4.Good packing is very important in international trade.5.People usually pack oils in metal drums.六、1、你们通常怎样核对运输标志？2、你对警示标志很了解吗？3、在别的箱子上你可以看到诸如小心轻放、勿用手钩等警示标志。
4、在箱子上有很多字母和数字，哪一部分是运输标志？5、运输标志一般包括合同号、目的港、批号、和箱号等。
1. How do you usually check shipping marks?2. Do you know care marks well?3. On the other cases , you can find different care marks such as ‘Handle with Care’, “Use No Hook”.4. There are many letters and figures on the cases, which part is the shipping marks?5. Shipping marks are generally made up of the contract number, the destination port, the lot number and the case number.七、1、码头旁靠着几艘外轮。
2、许多船在江中来来往往地行驶。
3、这港口真大啊！4、码头工人正忙着卸进口货物。
5、这码头每月能装卸一百万吨货物。
1. Several foreign ships are lying alongside the wharves.2. Many ships are sailing to and fro in the river.3. How big the port is!4. The dockers are busy unloading the imports.5. The port can handle about 100 million tons a month.八、1、1舱右舷的起货机发出不正常的声音，请你去检查一下。
2、2舱的重吊杆出了故障，工人们只好停工。
3、5舱的滑轮坏了，请换一个。
4、这吊车的负荷是10吨，不要超过。
5、下雨了，请尽快把所有的舱口都关起来。
1. Hatch No.1 port winch sounds strange. Please check it out.2. The fact that the jumbo at Hatch No.2 is out of order forces the dockers to suspend work.3. The block at Hatch No.5 is worn out. Please change it for new one.4. This crane’s swl is ten tons. Don’t overload it.5. It is raining. Please close all hatchways as soon as possible.九、1、货钩是最有用的工具之一。
2、我们将用岸吊装重件。
3、你们在2舱有重吊，是吗？4、我们用牵引车和拖车将货物从仓库运送到船边。
5、我们通常用木货盘装卸杂货。
1. The cargo hook is one of the most useful tools.2. We will lift heavy items with shore cranes.3. You have a jumbo at Hatch No. 2, don't you?4. We transfer cargoes from warehouses to the ship's side with tractors and trailers.5 We usually use wooden pallets to handle general cargoes.十、1、这一关有三个湿袋，请你在纸上记下来。
2、让我点一下，看看总共有多少破袋。
3、到现在为止，我共记了215关。
4、请在我的理货计数单上签个字。
5、他们做关总是定型定量的。
1. There are three wet bags in this sling. Please take it down.2. Let me check up the figures of torn bags.3. As far, I have recorded 215 slings.4. Please sign on my tally sheet.5. They always make slings in fixed form and fixed quantity.十一、1、3舱的舱容够装鹿特丹的货吗？2、我认为对同一卸货港的货进行阁票是没有必要的。
