后备母猪及经产母猪管理手册(PIC)

PIC配套系猪简介PIC配套系猪是由世界上第一大种猪改良公司----英国PIC公司，运用“通过培育专门化父系和母系能够提高生产效率和经济利益”这一理论，经过30余年培育的、具有世界先进水平的优良配套系猪，父系猪具有生长速度快、饲料利用率高、体形好等优点，母系猪具有产仔率高、母性强等特点；用其父母代父母系猪杂交生产五元杂交商品猪，能够更好地提高养猪生产效率和经济效益。

PIC配套系猪的主要生产性能指标如下：每头母猪年产仔：2.2_2.4胎；每头母猪年产活仔数：22_23头；育肥猪达90千克活重：145_150天；耗料与增重比：2.6_2.8：1；平均日增重（20_100kg）：800克；商品猪瘦肉率：65%--67%重庆市大正畜牧科技股份有限公司（重庆市合川种猪场）是PIC中国种猪改良公司确认建设在西南地区唯一的一家PIC配套系猪扩繁场，该场全部运用PIC一流的技术和现代养猪设备，常年接受PIC公司技术专家来场进行技术指导。

繁育的PIC父母代配套系猪具有优良的生产性能（极快的生产速度，特定的体重和大的成年体型，脂肪少，瘦肉率高，繁殖力强），适宜规模化饲养，饲养者按照技术规范养猪可获得更高的生产效率和经济利益。

第一部分青年母猪的饲养管理1.引种前的准备工作已确定引进PIC配套系种猪的饲养户，应在引种前2周将全部圈舍，包括圈面、四周墙壁、舍内走道、圈内设施、圈舍周围环境等用高压水枪反复冲洗干净，待干后用2%的烧碱或10-20%的石灰乳或菌毒敌等消毒剂反复交替消毒2次，同时封闭猪舍，待干后提前1天打开窗户通风一天，然后关闭门窗等待进猪。

2.进猪及隔离观察种猪入舍第一天，预先在圈内固定的猪大小便处用水泼湿，猪只上圈时，驱赶猪只到大小便处停留10分钟左右，让其大便或小便一次，调教猪只养成定点大小便的习惯。

注意不要将猪只睡觉的地方打湿。

尽管PIC配套系种猪在种猪场都做了全面的免疫预防，但还是不可能确保种猪对疾病的抵抗力。

英国PIC操作手册导读本文来自全球最大的种猪育种公司：英国PIC种猪改良公司的操作手册，详细介绍了配种舍和产仔舍的操作流程，虽然手册的推出已经有一定的时间，但依然具有参考意义。

配种舍配种是所有以后生产的开始，也是猪场管理中唯一的有挑战性的部门;其它的部门都是防御性的管理，如果能把它们很好地连在一起可以减少损失。

配种舍的目标是：高的受胎率、保证所有的妊娠母猪生产出健康强壮的仔猪。

母猪在抚养小猪到21日龄时(约5kg重)断奶，然后在断奶后4~5天重新发情，再配种、再妊娠。

这样，母猪将有一个很长的生产寿命。

要实现生产水平的高标准，必须要做到猪群、环境和人能很好的协调、统一。

好的配种舍管理人员应是一个对小事都能关心的人。

他们必须对猪和人都很热情，制定健全的日常规范并严格执行;他们必须避免突然的删减人员，作草率的决定和任性的判断;好的管理者应有平常的心态;准确和详细的记录是实现已定目标的基础。

妊娠母猪的管理人员要是动作温和、平时比较安静、能得到猪信任的人，善于观察事物和考虑问题比较全面的人。

当增加新人时，应对他们进行培训，确保他们能完全理解和掌握其中的技术。

成功的配种和妊娠管理离不开好的记录。

制定一个配种目标，并了解每次妊娠检查后淘汰猪的数量。

所有母猪应有一个单独的卡片，记录母猪号、以前的生产成绩、遗传信息、用药及疫苗注射等情况。

另外，还应有生产日志、每天的配种日志、母猪的预产期和一张流动表，记录所有母猪的位置，特别是那些需要在配种后21天查情的母猪。

我们将从8个方面来采述配种房的管理，它们是相互关联的，但为了说明的需要，我们只能将其分开说明：1.后备母猪的隔离适应及管理程序2.断奶母猪的接纳及管理3.调教公猪4.查情5.人工授精(配种)程序6.妊娠母猪的管理和免疫程序7.临产母猪转入产仔房8.记录程序一、后备母猪的隔离适应及管理程序1.将隔离舍用高压冲洗机彻底冲洗干净，包括料槽、水管、窗帘、天花板、地面、墙壁，然后将所有的栏圈、水管、料槽等检修一遍，最后彻底进行消毒，再间隔12小时以上才能进猪。

第一章：后备母猪饲养管理1。

配种前至少发情一次。

保证后备母猪存栏量和质。

质：一生生产5胎或更多胎次。

我们母猪平均一生生产几胎？怎么计算？母猪9天采食不良,肚大如鼓,便秘，用肥皂水灌肠后，流出黄色碎片状东西。

注射维生素等无效果。

2。

决定后备猪一生的生产潜力的因素。

采食量、限位栏的适应、公猪刺激、初配体重、妊娠期增重、哺乳期饲养管理。

这些因素会影响其以后的生产表现.所以说，后备猪的饲养管理很关键。

3。

后备猪20周龄前不要进行公猪接触（他们对公猪刺激无反应，有时公猪会让他们受惊，但是公猪在过道逗留,小后备猪好像很感兴趣）,21周后开始进行刺激。

后备猪24周即168天后，每天进行公猪刺激，每分钟接触四头母猪？？。

（张文杰讲在150天就可以开始刺激），刺激后3周,即27周，189天，大约有>70%后备猪发情,刺激后6周,即30周,210天，大约有〉95％的后备猪发情.即如果诱情充分，在7个月时应该有95%的后备猪都发过情。

4。

后备猪性能指标：性能保持：第二胎生产表现不应下降留种率：〉75％的母猪进入第三胎生产5.后备猪育成在大栏饲养直到第一次配种前的最后三周，即统计其发情周期，根据7.5—8个月的配种日龄，转移到限位栏.在限位栏进行短期适应和优饲,其实在我们猪场也可以做到。

后备猪养在漏缝地板，缝隙间距应在1英寸（2.5cm）以下,且为直棱？？后备猪在21周到配种，每头3.7平米空间？后备猪从始至终都是自由采食?？每天进行公猪刺激是诱导后备母猪初情最好的方法。

初情期越早出现的后备母猪，其怀孕胎数更高，生产年限更长。

4。

公猪刺激选择年龄超过12个月，性欲强、流涎、强烈公猪气味.公猪刺激，连续工作时间不能超过1小时，否则他会失去兴趣和效率，特别是天热季节.（我们16个栏,平均每栏不到4min,刚好)一头试情公猪每天可以试情100头后备母猪。

（16*6=96，刚好）每250头母猪至少拥有一头试情公猪？?（我们只有三头好像也够用）后备猪25-30头饲养在一个栏？?合格后备母猪数量应占母猪总数的3—6%。

PIC母猪管理手册PIC母猪管理手册章节一、引言1.1 目的本文档旨在为养殖业者提供有关PIC母猪管理的详细信息和指导，帮助确保繁殖母猪的良好健康和生产力。

1.2 适用范围本手册适用于从养殖猪群中选出高质量PIC母猪，并提供全面的繁殖管理策略，以确保其健康、繁殖效益和经济效益。

章节二、繁殖母猪的选择2.1 品种选择2.2 年龄和体格条件要求2.3 繁殖能力评估2.4 繁殖母猪的健康检测章节三、饲养管理3.1 猪圈设计与环境控制3.2 饲养标准和喂养计划3.3 提供适当的饮水和饮水设施3.4 体重和体况监测3.5 对繁殖母猪进行定期检查和处理3.6 疫苗接种和预防措施的实施3.7 繁殖母猪的运输和迁移管理章节四、发情检测和配种4.1 发情周期的认识和管理4.2 发情检测方法4.3 配种策略和技术章节五、妊娠和妊检管理5.1 妊娠期饲养和管理5.2 妊娠检查和妊娠期营养要求5.3 防止流产和死胎5.4 生产前准备工作章节六、产后管理6.1 产房准备和环境控制6.2 母猪产后护理和恢复6.3 仔猪的初步护理和饲养6.4 母猪产褥期饲养和管理章节七、健康管理7.1 预防疾病的措施和管理7.2 疾病检测和诊断7.3 疾病处理和控制7.4 卫生措施和消毒管理章节八、行为管理8.1 基本的行为需求8.2 优化环境和群体管理8.3 预防攻击和伤害的措施8.4 消除应激和不适应的管理方法章节九、记录和数据管理9.1 关键数据的记录和跟踪9.2 数据分析和问题解决9.3 养殖群体的追溯管理本文所涉及的法律名词及注释：- 繁殖母猪：指用于生产猪苗的母猪。

- 疫苗接种：通过注射、细菌或其他生物制剂来防止疾病的发生。

- 流产：指未到预产期母猪自动失去胚胎或胎盘、胎儿的过程。

- 恢复期：母猪在分娩后至恢复体力健康的一段时间。

- 群体管理：指合理安排母猪的栖息环境和社交空间，以促进其行为表现和群体稳定。

GILT AND SOW MANAGEMENT GUIDELINESiPrinted 2020Welcome to the 2017 Edition of thePIC Gilt and Sow Management GuidelinesWe are pleased to present the 2017 PIC Gilt and Sow Management Guidelines. These guidelines are intended to provide recommendations for staff working at a commercial sow farm. In addition, these good management practices are also applicable to multipliers and production nucleus farms.Compared to the 2015 edition, we have simplified the search for information. The guidelines are divided into seven sections that cover the different phases of production on a sow farm. Each section contains expectations, good management practices and advice for troubleshooting the most common issues. In order to simplify and speed up the search for the information, we have made a serious effort to replace long texts by tables.The material has been reviewed by professionals and experts across the world to make it a global reference. The focus is on the biology of the animals, independent of the geographical location, size of operation, sow:worker ratio, facilities set up or use of specific feed ingredients. The guidelines focus on production management and we have chosen to leave out biosecurity and health protocols and acclimatization practices. We suggest you reach out to your herd veterinarian or our Health Assurance team to develop a tailored program based on your circumstances. Last, but not least, we have added separate sections for group housing and for batch farrowing.We recognize that there are different ways to achieve the desired results so these guidelines do not reject other management strategies.This document is intended to provide guidance and suggestions to our valued customers. At all times, please follow the best practices and appropriate standards with respect to animal welfare and health as outlined by the localgoverning body, within your country.Glossary of Terms & Acronyms (1)Section 1: General Farm Review........................................................................1-1Process Review ..................................................................................1-1Performance Review ..........................................................................1-1Financial Impact of Key Performance Indicators................................1-4Farm Visit ...........................................................................................1-4Section 2: Gilt Management .............................................................................2-1Eligibility for Breeding........................................................................2-1Good Management Practices.............................................................2-1Gilt Production Flows.........................................................................2-6Section 3: Breeding & Gestation .......................................................................3-1Good Management Practices.............................................................3-1Post Cervical Artificial Insemination (PCAI)........................................3-5Pregnancy Diagnosis ..........................................................................3-6Reproductive Performance Below Expectations ................................3-6Section 4: Group Housing..................................................................................4-1Flows and Group Size.........................................................................4-2ESF......................................................................................................4-3Trouble-Shooting ...............................................................................4-4Section 5: Farrowing Management ...................................................................5-1Good Management Practices.............................................................5-1Weaning Age/Lactation Length..........................................................5-4Trouble-Shooting Checklists...............................................................5-4Section 6: Batch Farrowing................................................................................6-1Type of Batches..................................................................................6-1Reconverting From Weekly Flow To Batch Farrowing ........................6-2Key Points...........................................................................................6-3Section 7: Parity Structure.................................................................................7-1Good Management Practices.............................................................7-2Gilt Availability ...................................................................................7-2Gilt Selection......................................................................................7-2Individual Sow Care ...........................................................................7-2Culling Strategy ..................................................................................7-3Trouble Shooting High Sow Mortality and Low Retention Rate.........7-3iiGlossary of Terms & AcronymsSection 1PICpro100An algorithm developed by PIC to remotely screen production processes, assigning then a score from 0 to 100.ParityFemale age based on how many farrowings they have. Thus, Parity 0 is gilt that has been bred but still has not farrowed;parity 1 is a female that has farrowed once before.Parity dipIt is when litter size drops from one parity to the next. Usually from parity 1 to parity 2.TargetThe numerical value of a goal.Intervention levelThe actual performance value that should trigger defined actions to break a performance trend and improve.Breed backPercentage of the weaned females that shows standing heat within a given period, usually 7 days.Piglet conversionPercentage of weaned pigs out of the total number of pigs born in a given period.Pigs weaned/sow/yearNumber of weaned pigs in a full year divided by the average inventory of mated females.Average age at removalAge of the sows, in number of parities, when the removal (death loss and culling) happens.Section 2Eligibility for breedingA set of characteristics that make a group of gilts ready to be bred with no negative long term repercussions andoptimized economics.First breedingThe first insemination that a female gets in its life.Lifetime performanceAverage number of weaned (or marketed) pigs until the female is culled or dead.NurseryUsually the phase from weaning to 11 weeks of age.GrowerUsually the phase from 11 weeks of age to 22 weeks of age.GDUIt stands for gilt developer unit. It is usually the phase from 22 weeks of age to 28 to 30 weeks of age.cfmIt stands for cubic feet per minute. It is an expression of the volume of air moving through a ventilation systemor other space.Sq. ft.It stands for square foot, a non-metric unit of area, equivalent to 144 square inches.Breeding interval lengthTime elapsed from the moment the first female is bred until the moment when the last one is bred in the day.AI/AOIt stands for all in-all out. It refers to the way a room or an entire building is loaded and emptied.1Printed 20202Section 3Meishan crossesAny individual containing blood from Meishan genotypes. They are broadly utilized as heat detection boars. FosteringAction to relocate individual piglets to another sow to give them more chances to nurse.Section 4Pre-implantationFlow where sows are moved to groups in early gestation, usually within 4 days after breeding.Post-implantationFlow where sows are usually moved to groups after spending the first 4 weeks of gestation in individual spaces. StaticThe group is constituted at once, social hierarchy stabilizes and the group is left intact for the duration of gestation. DynamicThe group is constantly changing by ~15 to 20% of the individuals. Essentially it is a continuous flow system that looks to optimize space utilization.Catabolic periodA time where body weight is lost, due to lack of enough feed intake or diets that don’t meet the required nutrient specifications for the age/weight/physiological status.Section 5ft.It stands for feet, a non-metric unit of length.Split-suckleA practice to separate part of the litter for a defined period, to allow the remaining piglets full access to the udder, with no competition.Runt littersLitters created by placing small but viable piglets on a good nursing sow. Parity structureThe combination of the different ages of the sow census.PWMIt stands for preweaning mortality RuntSmall but viable pigletSection 6Late weanersSows that don’t show signs of estrus 7 days after weaning and beyond. Non-productive daysDays where the sow is either not gestating nor lactating.Section 1:General Farm ReviewThis section provides checklists on key performance indicators related to general sow farm processes and performance. Comparing actual values versus target levels will help sow farm managers identify improvement opportunities to get the most value out of their operations. It will also indicate the need for intervention.Process ReviewIt is essential to understand the processes that could potentially limit the expression of the genetic potential. PIC has developed the PICpro100 tool to objectively assess a producer’s production practices. PICpro100 uses an algorithm developed by PIC that assign a score to 23 production practices most associated with high sow herd performance by comparing them against accepted good management practices. PICpro100 can be used to complement more traditional methods to review and evaluate sow herd performance. The PIC Technical Services Team or your PIC Account Manager can help you gain additional exposure to this tool.Performance ReviewIn addition to reviewing production processes, it is important to review performance records by parity and overa period of minimum 13 weeks. Key indicators to watch are farrowing rate, litter size, pre-weaning mortality,sow mortality, breeds per week and how many weeks are off target, replacement rate, wean to service interval,presence of parity dip and number of doses per sow in estrus. Many other indicators can be reviewed but the firstscreening will suggest which indicators to review and/or what to watch for during a farm visit.1-1Printed 20201-21-3Printed 20201-4Financial Impact Of Key Performance IndicatorsIn addition to reviewing the production KPIs, we encourage the review of financials associated with these targets and any proposed management changes. This will help to understand where to prioritize efforts and deploy resources when attempting to address indicators that are not up to the expectations.Farm VisitThe ultimate farm review is an in-person visit. It will help to confirm or rule out what is suspected from the records and remote review of the processes. It is also important to check that sick animals are timely treated and to discuss with the farm manager any concern about animal well-being.Printed 20202-1This section provides recommendations and best practices for gilt management. It will help producers prepare gilts to have high performance in their first parity while priming them for high lifetime performance.Eligibility For BreedingPart of the variation in performance across systems and even within systems can be attributed to the quantity and quality of gilts at their first breeding. The conditions associated with high performance in parity 1, such as lifetime performance and optimized cost of production, are summarized in the tables below.Under all circumstances, producers should adhere to the locally applicable laws that regulate management and housing practices, even if they differ from the recommendations presented in these guidelines.Section 2:Gilt ManagementTable 2.2: General Housing RecommendationsTable 2.4: Preliminary Gilt Selection Recommendations2-2Table 2.5: Mandatory Gilt Selection Recommendations(*): BEAR stands for boar exposure area. Source: Designing effective boar stimulation systems as a critical feature of the Gilt Development Unit. E.Beltranena, J. Patterson and G. Foxcroft. Leman Pre-Conference Reproduction Workshop Effective Management of Replacement Gilts (2005)2-3Printed 20202-4Table 2.7: Recommendations To Address Low Percentage Of Gilts In HeatTable 2.8: Recommendations To Address Low Litter Size And/Or Low Farrowing Rate In Gilts2-5Printed 20202-6Gilt Production FlowsThere is no consensus on what is the best flow to generate replacement gilts as each possibility has pros and cons and depends on the local circumstances. Different options are shown below.Key: + = unfavorable; ++ = less favorable; +++ = highly favorable3-1This section provides recommendations to realize superior reproductive performance. It also provides best practices on accomplishing a precise weekly breeding target which will help to establish a consistent pig flow downstream. Good Management PracticesProducers must follow local and national regulations at any time and place. When regulation allows, consider the following recommendations.Section 3:Breeding & GestationPrinted 20203-2Printed 20203-33-4Post Cervical Artificial Insemination (PCAI)The major differences between PCAI and traditional insemination are the insemination technique, and the use of the catheter and dose of semen.3-5Printed 2020Pregnancy DiagnosisPregnancy control can be done indirectly by detecting the return to estrus while exposed to a boar or directly by ultrasound. As a general strategy, the use of ultrasound should follow on positive pregnancy checks to validate results of the boar exposure. Sows that are already detected as returned to estrus do not need to be checked with ultrasound.Reproductive Performance Below ExpectationsThis section gives an overview of sow housing options. There are different types of group housing systems and each has pros and cons. Regardless of the type of sow housing, PIC recommends to have the same production targets as in individually housed facilities.Key: + Poor, ++ Acceptable, +++ Good, ++++Very good;x Lower, xx Moderate, xxx Higher.Section 4:Group HousingFlows and Group SizeDifferent flows can be implemented to optimize the performance in each type of group housing system. The flows can differ in terms of mixing time (pre- or post-implantation) and group integrity (static or dynamic). The size of the farm and breeding groups will also be a factor for optimal performance.ESFESF, or Electronic Sow Feeding, is one of the available options of feeding in group housing in the industry. This system can also be a platform on top of which more technology for the daily farm management can be applied.Trouble-shootingThe most common issues reported by producers across the globe in group housing are (1) aggressions, (2) low retention and (3) poor farrowing rate.This section provides recommendations for farrowing management. These recommendations aim to optimize throughput and quality of weaned pigs, while managing sows in a way that will allow quick and efficient return to estrus post-weaning. Good Management PracticesExecuting the right management at the right time has become more important to maximize piglet conversion with good quality pigs at weaning.Section 5:Farrowing Management5-4Table 5.6: Day 3 to 5 ProcessingWeaning Age/Lactation LengthThe topic of weaning age and lactation length usually generates debate and it is unlikely that consensus will be achieved soon. It is generally accepted that longer lactations tend to produce a heavier piglet at weaning and a better reproductive performance in the sow’s subsequent cycle. PIC adds a complementary view: higher feed intake in lactation is the factor most correlated with high performance in the subsequent cycle. Our recommendation is avoid weaning individual piglets before 18 days of lactation, with a minimum average of 21-23 days.Trouble-shooting ChecklistsIt is very common to find the following three concerns or issues in the farrowing house: low water/feed intake in sows, scours and elevated PWM.5-5Printed 20206-1Batch farrowing is the concentration of farrowings in a specific week. It is important to understand the potential benefits and costs required for the execution of a batch farrowing flow to ensure the return exceeds the investment. This section summarizes pros and cons of batch farrowing as well as best practices to optimize performance in systems that farrow in batches.Type of BatchesAlthough it is possible to have batch farrowing in 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks flow, the most common are the 3 and 4 weeks flow. The resulting lactation length and differences among space and flow will impact the decision of which one to implement.Section 6: Batch FarrowingReconverting From Weekly Flow To Batch FarrowingWhen changing from weekly flow to batch farrowing, some processes will have to be changed as well. Prior to implementation, it is important to check the points in the checklist below to avoid getting surprises of unexpected struggles that can jeopardize the process.Check-list Key points to check prior to batch farrowing implementation□Coordinate with semen supplier to ensure the larger number of doses will be available and supplied in ashorter time.□Ensure that there is enough semen cooler storage capacity to hold the large number of doses the farm willneed in the insemination period.□Check the necessity of extra space in gestation to wean a larger number of sows per time than usual.□Check water availability to account for all the water needed to power wash the rooms at once.□Make sure electric circuit is able to handle more power washers than usual at once.□Consider lactation feed bins to account for differences in feed intake pattern.□If synchronizing animals with synthetic progestagen, have a clear plan about how and where to utilize it.6-2Printed 20206-3Key PointsThe key points below are crucial to the success of batch farrowing in a sow farm. Generally speaking, proper husbandry practices continue to be important to the success of the flow.7-1Parity structure is the balance of sow mortality rate, culling rate and replacement rate against hog market price and feed cost.Parity structure can influence both biological and economical performance. Therefore it is important to have a good understanding of the factors involved to better manage parity structures and, ultimately, maximize long term profitability. This section provides best practices to optimize parity structures as a performance lever.Graph 7.1: Calculated Breeding Group Structure By Different Replacement RatesSection 7:Parity Structure25%20%15%10%5%0%%ofbreedinggroupParitiesPrinted 20207-2Good Management PracticesSuccess or failure of establishing the best parity structure depends on how proactive and prepared the system is to retain the right animals or cull the potentially risky or unpredictable ones. The key points to consider are gilt availability, gilt selection rate, individual sow care and culling strategy.Gilt AvailabilityGilt availability is the first element to achieve the proper replacement rate and parity structure in the system. The proper multiplication size to supply the required number of gilts is usually around 10% to 12% of the commercial sow herd inventory. It is important to be realistic with the performance of a multiplication unit. Beyond multiplication size, the critical control points below will also contribute to optimized gilt availability in the system:Timeline 7.1: Critical Control Points On Gilt Availability Coming From The Multiplication Unit.Gilt SelectionGilt selection plays an essential role in the process of entering the right animals to the sow farm, so the best sows can be retained for a longer time. For more information, review Tables 2.4 and 2.5 in the Gilt Management Section. Individual Sow CareThe population should be inspected at least once a day to identify earlyissues that can potentially affect the performance and well-being of the sows.Even in healthy and age-stable farms, every week many individual sows are treated against specific threatening conditions to prevent mortality and production flow shortages. PIC advises to be properly set up in terms of supplies and manpower. When the individual treatment rate is below or above the intervention level, further investigation is advised to better understand the cause. Keep in mind that many variables can influence the treatment rate, such as health status, body condition, productivity, facilities, type and quality of floor, environment, just to name a few. When the number of affected animals is greater than 10% of the population, it may be necessary to apply group treatment by water or feed adjustments. Always ask you herd veterinarian for directions.Culling StrategyCulling is the main opportunity to eliminate animals that are not producing according to the expectations or that have a considerable potential to bring future issues and are not needed to maintain the throughput. It is always important to have the breeding target in mind when making decisions about culling, so the farm does not run out of breeding sows.Trouble Shooting High Sow Mortality And Low Retention RateHigh sow mortality and low retention rate unbalance the farm’s parity structure, leading to(1) retention of marginal sows;(2) a lower selection pressure of the replacement gilts;(3) decreased sow inventory, and/or(4) higher costs with extra gilt entries.7-3Printed 20207-4PIC North America100BluegrassCommonsBlvd.,Suite2200|Hendersonville,TN37075|800-325-3398||*********************PIC®2017 | Printed 2020。

PIC 猪饲料建议营养标准（PIC商品猪场专用）料名Name of feedA B C D E F G H I I乳猪料Creep仔猪料1PigletNo. 1仔猪料2PigletNo. 2中猪料1GrowerNo. 1中猪料2GrowerNo. 2大猪料Finish妊娠料Gest哺乳料Lact后备母猪料BreederDeveloper种公猪Boar stud使用期(体重，公斤) 7日-7公斤7days-7kg 7-12 12-23 23-36 36-68 68-100 68-130粗蛋白质 %(最低) 20－22 20－22 18－20 17 16 15 13.5 18.5 16 16 可消化能(千卡/公斤)DE (Kcal/Kg) 3570 3450-3520 3430-3500 3320-3403320-3403320-3400 3200-3300 3370-3450 3320-3400 3180-3280可代谢能(千卡/公斤)ME(Kcal/Kg) 3370 3330 3300 3200 3200 3200 3125 3250 3200 3100 赖氨酸/可消化能比Lysine/DE Ratio 0.430 0.410 0.380 0.320 0.290 0.250 0.160 0.320 0.210 0.220 赖氨酸 %Lysine % 1.55 1.44-1.45 1.33-1.36 1.09-1.120.99-1.00.84-0.85 0.54-0.55 1.10-1.12 0.71-0.72 0.72-0.75粗脂肪 %Fat % 4－6 3－6 3－6 3--6 3--6 3—6 3—6 4—8 4—8 4—8 粗纤维 %Fiber % <3 <3 <3 <5 <5 <5 4.5 & <7 3.5 & <6 <7 4.0－6.0 钙 %Ca % 0.90 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.66 0.62 0.9 0.9 0.75 0.85 有效磷百分比Avp % 0.52 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.31 0.28 0.42 0.45 0.35 0.40 盐％Salt ％0.45 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.36 0.45 0.50 0.40 0.50 钠％Sodium ％0.45 0.45 0.40氯％Chloride ％0.40 0.36 0.36豆粕％Soybean meal ％18 28 28-32每日增重(ADG)克ADG gm 160－200 320－370 500－580 660 802--865 828—920 600—680饲料转化率FCR 1.18 1.33 1.60 1.9－2.2 2.1－2.5 2.9－3.1 3.45 摄食量(公斤)/天Intake Kg/day 0.22－0.240.40－0.490.85－0.92 1.46 2.00 2.60 2.40-2.80 4.8－5.8 2.402.50－3.30PIC微量营养成份指标(最低添加限量)Micro-nutrients 微量营养成份Unit单位Nursery 1-3保育1-3Grower生长阶段Finishing肥育Ges,Lac & Gilt妊娠,泌乳,后备猪Boar stud种公猪5-27kg 27-68kg 68-100kgVitamin A 维生素A IU/㎏单位/千克10,000 7,770 5,780 10,000 11,000Vitamin D 维生素D IU/㎏单位/千克1,770 1,500 1,330 1,770 1,770Vitamin E 维生素E IU/㎏单位/千克77.8 33.3 22.2 66.7 110.0Vitamin K 维生素K mg/㎏毫克/千克4.44 3.33 2.22 4.44 4.44Thiamine (B1) 维生素B1 mg/㎏毫克/千克3.33 2.44 1.55 2.22 2.22Riboflavin (B2) 维生素B2 mg/㎏毫克/千克10.00 5.77 4.50 10.00 10.00d-Pantothenate(B3) 维生素B3 mg/kg毫克/千克33.33 20.00 14.44 33.33 33.33Pyridoxine (B6) 维生素B6 mg/㎏毫克/千克4.44 2.44 1.55 3.33 3.33Vitamin B12 维生素B12 mg/㎏毫克/千克44.44 26.70 22.22 37.80 37.80Niacin 尼克酸mg/㎏毫克/千克44.50 26.70 22.00 44.50 44.50Pantothenic Acid 泛酸mg/㎏毫克/千克35.24 20.00 14.50 33.00 33.00Biotin 生物素mg/㎏毫克/千克277.80 277.80 200.00 222.20 560.00Folic Acid 叶酸mg/㎏毫克/千克777.80 755.60 455.60 1,330.00 1,667.00Choline 胆碱mg/㎏毫克/千克333.00 111.00 0.00 660.00 660.00Ascorbic Acid (Vc) 抗坏血酸 (维生素C) mg/㎏毫克/千克0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 880.00Iron 铁PPM百万分比100.00 80.00 65.00 100.00 100.00Copper 铜PPM百万分比15.00 12.00 10.00 15.00 15.00Manganese 锰PPM百万分比35.00 20.00 16.00 35.00 35.00Zine 锌PPM百万分比125.00 100.00 70.00 125.00 125.00Iodine 碘PPM百万分比0.55 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.65Selenium 硒PPM百万分比0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30注意事项(Notes):1.不同阶段饲料所需的氨基酸比(Amino Acid Ration of different feeds) (见附表一)。

母猪的饲养管理母猪的繁殖力，是影响养猪生产效益和经济效益的一项重要指标。

只有提高母猪的繁殖性能，才可以为以后育肥猪的饲养管理打好基础。

为此，建议大家通过精细化管理，提高母猪的综合利用价值，实现养殖效益最大化。

一、后备母猪的饲养后备母猪是一个猪场后续生产的生力军，后备母猪的使用年限为3-5年，担负着繁重的繁殖任务，加上周期性又强，因此，后备母猪的营养与饲养管理显得尤为重要。

管理目标：成功培育后备母猪，更新繁殖母猪群，提高繁殖母猪效率。

存在的问题：未能形成种用体况，导致发情延长或不发情，配种妊娠率低，哺乳期泌乳不足，仔猪发育不良，断奶后母猪发情延迟或不发情，繁殖力低，使用寿命短。

(一)管理措施1、后备母猪的选拔：①从高产母猪的后代中筛选，同胎至少有9头以上，仔猪初生重1.2-1.5千克；②足够有效的乳头数，后备母猪至少有6对充分发育良好、分布匀称的乳头，其中至少3对应在脐部以前。

乳头不开孔或内翻的小母猪不保留；③体型良好，体格健壮、匀称，背线平直，肢体健壮整齐。

臀部削尖或站立艰难的小母猪寿命短，不要利用；④身体健康，本身及同胎无遗传缺陷；⑤外生殖器良好，180日龄左右能准时第一次发情；⑥母性好，抗逆性、抗应激能力强；⑦无特定病原病，如萎缩性鼻炎、气喘病、猪繁殖呼吸道综合征等。

2、外购后备母猪，要在无疫区的种猪场选购，猪调回后，先隔离饲养45-60天，5-7日内不能过量采食，待猪只完全适应环境后，转入正常饲喂，并做好防疫驱虫工作。

3、小群饲养，每圈3-5头，每头占圈面积至少0.66平方米，保证其正常发育。

4、饲喂后备母猪专用料，不能喂生长育肥猪饲料。

90千克或180日龄前实行自由采食，90千克或180日龄后至配种前实行限饲与自由采食结合，日喂2.5千克左右，分2-3次饲喂，并供给充足的清洁饮水，让骨骼、性器官充分发育，目的是达到不肥不瘦(八成膘)的种用体况。

5、配种前两周实行优饲催情，日饲喂量增至3-3.5千克；配种后恢复每天饲喂2.5千克左右，这样既可以增加排卵，也可避免体重过肥影响受精卵着床。

后备母猪的饲养管制之阳早格格创做后备母猪是猪场的命根子，是猪场死产的后备力量，后备母猪的饲养管制不但效率到猪的收情配种，还会效率到猪的产后哺乳、断奶后收情，还会效率到种猪的利用年限，最后效率猪场已去的死产效率.所以道管制好后备母猪正在猪场的死产中是极其要害的一关节，也是博得劣良的经济效率的前提.（一）后备母猪的营养战饲喂后备母猪由于采与节制饲养，所能吸支的营养矮于自由采食，但是对付繁殖及身体收育所需要的营养必须谦脚，主假如维死素A、维死素E、钙、磷等，如仍喂育肥猪料，则不克不迭谦脚后备的营养需要，所以去备母猪必须饲喂博用的后备猪料，50－60千克的后备母猪其蛋黑量火仄必须坚持正在16%以上，可则会推早性老练.新颖后备母猪的营养需假如：细蛋黑16%，消化能2.975大卡，好氨酸0.7%,钙0.95%,总磷≥0.6%.配种后的营养火仄共有身母猪.后备母猪过肥、死少过快往往会延缓收情时间，以至体沉达150kg仍已出现初情期，所以节制饲养已成为后备母猪饲养的普遍瞅法，但是正在本量处事中又时常出现太过节制，共样也出现收情延缓.后备母猪的饲养要达到那样一个手段，7月龄时达到100kg体沉并出现初情（大批饲养时应达到50%），可采与以下办法：一、5月龄前自由采食，体沉达70kg安排.二、5-6个半月节制饲养，饲喂含矿物量、维死素歉富的后备猪饲料，日给料2kg，日删沉500g安排.三、6个半月到7个半月加大喂量（以3kg安排为准），促进体沉赶快删少及收情.四、7个半月以上，视体况及收情表示安排饲喂量，坚持母猪8－9成膘.（二）后备母猪的选留及选买1、猪场引种前应搞好二项准备处事①根据自己的本量情况制定科教合理的引种计划，包罗品种、种猪级别、数量.并搞好引种前的各项准备处事，如正在种猪到达前应将断绝舍真足浑洗、消毒，而且起码空舍7天以上，断绝舍要近离已有猪群.②目标种猪场的观察相识与采用.1、采用适度规模、光荣度下、有《种畜禽死产经管许可证》、有脚够的供种本领且技能服务火仄较下的种猪场.2、采用场家，应把种猪的健壮情景搁正在第一位，需要时正在买种前举止采血化验，合格后再举止引种.3、种猪的系谱要领会.4、采用卖后服务好的场家.5、尽管从共一猪场选买，多场采购会减少戴病的大概性.6、采用场家，应正在间交举止相识大概接洽后，再加进家与出卖人员相识情况.切忌盲目观察，引导末尾所引种猪不睬念大概戴回疫病..（三）后备母猪引进后的管制1、种猪进场及并群五注意①注意先断绝新引进的种猪，应先饲养正在断绝舍，而不克不迭曲交转进猪场死产区，防止戴去新的疫病大概者由分歧菌（毒）株激励相共的徐病.②注意消毒战分群种猪到达手段天后，坐时对付卸猪台、车辆、猪体及卸车周围大天举止消毒，而后将种猪脱掉，按大小、公母举止分群饲养，有益伤、脱肛等情况的种猪应坐时隔开单栏饲养，并即时治疗处理.③注意加强管制先给种猪提供饮火，戚息6-12小时后圆可少量喂料，第2天开初可渐渐减少饲喂量，5天后才回复到仄常饲喂量.种猪加进后的前2周，由于疲倦加上环境的变更，抵挡力落矮，饲养管制上应尽管缩小应激，可正在饲料中增加抗死素战电解量多维，使其尽管回复到仄常状态.④注意断绝与瞅察种猪加进后必须正在断绝舍断绝饲养30-45天，庄重检疫.对付布鲁氏杆菌、真狂犬病等疫病要特天沉视，须采血经有闭兽医检疫部分检测，确认为不细菌战病毒家毒熏染，并监测猪瘟等抗体情况.断绝期中断后，对付该批种猪举止体表消毒，再转进死产区加进仄常死产.⑤注意疏通锻炼种猪体沉达90千克以去，要包管每头种猪每天2小时的自由疏通（赶到疏通场），普及其体量，促进收情.2、办理断绝期内种猪免疫与保健圆里的六个问题①参照目标猪场的免疫步调及所引进种猪的免疫记录，根据本场的免疫步调制定符合断绝猪群的科教免疫步调.②如果所引进种猪的猪瘟疫苗免疫记录不明大概经监测猪群的猪瘟抗体火仄不下大概不整齐，应坐时齐群补注猪瘟脾淋苗.如果猪瘟先前免疫效验真真，可按新制定的本场免疫步调举止免疫.③沉面搞好蓝耳病的病本检测，而对付于国家强制免疫的疫苗要按国家确定真止（如五号病、某些场合的猪链球菌病等）④分离当天区及本场呼吸系统徐病流通情况，搞好针对付呼吸系统熏染病的疫苗交种处事，如喘气病疫苗、熏染性胸膜肺炎疫苗等.⑤对付于7月龄的后备猪，正在此功夫可搞一些引起繁殖障碍徐病的防止注射，如细小病毒、乙型脑炎等.⑥种猪正在断绝期内，交种完百般疫苗后，应用广谱驱虫剂举止周到驱虫，使其能充散收挥死少潜能.（四）后备母猪的饲养管制1、按进猪日龄战徐病情况，分批次搞好免疫计划、驱虫健胃计划战药物洁化计划.2、6月龄前自由采食，6－7月龄符合限饲，统制正在2－2.5千克/头/天，必须根据中界的气温战限饲前母猪集体膘度的概括思量.3、正在大栏饲养的后备母猪要时常性天举止大小、强强分群，最佳每周2次以上，免得残强猪的爆收.4、5.5－7月龄时要搞好收情记录，逐步区散收情区战非收情区，以便趁早对付不收情区的后备母猪举止特殊处理.5、6－7月龄的收情猪，以周为单位，举止分批按收情日期归类管制，并根据膘情情况搞好合理的限饲、劣饲计划，配种前10－14天要安插喂催情料举止劣饲，比仄常料量多1/3，以便母猪多排卵，到下个情期收情即配.6、后备母猪配种的月龄须达到7.5月龄，体要害达到110千克以上，正在第2个大概第3次收情时即时配种.7、冬季要对付刚刚引进猪举止特殊照顾护士，搞好防热曙处事，包管其体能赶快回复，以防应激状态下百般徐病的爆收.（五）怎么样防止后备母猪不收情1、符合使用公猪交触的要领去诱导收情应正在160天以去便要有计划天让母猪跟公猪交触去诱导其收情，每天交触1－2小时，用分歧公猪多次刺激比共一头公猪效验更好.2、修坐并完备收情档案后备母猪正在160日龄以去，需要每天到栏内用压背分离中阳查看法去查看其收情情况.对付收情母猪要修坐收情记录，为将去的配种搞准备，还可对付不收情的后备母猪搞到早创制、早处理.3、加强疏通利用博门的疏通场，每周起码正在疏通场自由活动1天，6月龄以上母猪屡屡疏通应搁1头公猪，共时防止偷配.4、采与符合的应激步伐适度的应激不妨普及肌体的镇静，简曲步伐有：将出收过情的后备母猪每星期调1次栏，让其跟分歧的公猪交触，使母猪时常处于一种应激状态，以促进收情的开用与排卵，有需要时可赶公猪进栏逃赶10－20分钟.5、完备催情补饲处事从7月开初根据母猪收情情况宽肃区散收情区战非收情区，将1周内收情的后备母猪归于一栏大概几栏，限饲7－10天，日喂2千克/头；劣饲10－14天，日喂3.0千克/头以上，曲至收情、配种，配种后日料量坐时落到1.8－2.2千克/头.那样搞有好处普及初产母猪的排卵数.6、搞好徐病防治处事动做猪场真真该当认宽肃真天搞好百般徐病的防止处事，搞到“防止为主，防治分离，防沉于治”，通常抓好消毒，搞好卫死，更加是后备母猪收情期的卫死，缩小子宫内膜炎的爆收率；依照科教的免疫步调扎扎真真天挨好百般疫苗，定期天针对付种猪群的简曲情况拟定仔细的保健规划，对付于兽医的治疗规划该当彻真足底天真止好.7、抓好防热落温处事时常使用的防热落温步伐有：（1）遮阳隔热，拆修凉棚大概拆遮阳网，灵验天遮挡阳光映照；（2）透气，加强透气换气，排除有害气体.如果单靠开门窗透气效验短好，可采与板滞透气，拆置风扇大概支风机；（3）喷（洒）火，挥收落温是最灵验的要领，舍温过下时可用胶管大概喷雾器定时背猪体战屋顶喷火落温大概人为洒火落温.气温正在30℃以上应时常给母猪多冲火；（4）温帘风机落温，气氛越搞燥，温度越下通过干帘的气氛落温幅度越大，效验越隐著.（六）后备母猪不收情三阶段处理第一阶段（6.5－7.5月龄）1、公猪的刺激性欲好的成年公猪效率更大.简曲搞法如下：（1）让待配的后备母猪养正在相近公猪的栏中；（2）让成年公猪正在后备母猪栏中逃赶10－20分钟，让公母猪有曲交的身体交触.逃赶的时间要相宜，时间过少，既对付母猪制成太大的伤害，共时也使得公猪对付以去的配种不兴趣.2、收情母猪的刺激调一些刚刚断奶的母猪与暂不收情的母猪闭于一栏，几天后收情母猪将不竭逃赶爬跨不收情的母猪.3、符合的应激步伐（1）混栏，每栏搁5头安排，央供体况及体沉相近，挨斗时才会势均力敌；（2）疏通，普遍搁到博用的疏通场，奇尔间可做符合的驱赶；（3）饥饥催情，对付于偏偏肥的母猪不妨限料3－7天，日喂1千克/头安排，充脚饮火，而后自由采食；（4）场内车辆输支也灵验，但是应注意时间的少短，防止肢蹄的益伤.第二阶段（7.5－8月龄）1、采与输死细概括的处理规划（1）死细创制一般细液大概活力短好的细液经博用密释液密释后（按每头份40亿细子、100毫降/瓶去包拆，抗菌素符合加大剂量）加进2滴非氧化性的消毒火将细子局部杀死（也可用冰冻再解冻的要领）（2）输死细支配输细前正在细液中加进20IU的缩宫素.（3）输完死细后前3天搁定位栏饲养，节制采食，2千克/天，3天后搁进疏通场充会疏通（天气热时，早早各1次，半小时/头），共时搁进1头公猪逃赶.（4）疏通后赶进配种舍大栏，举止催情补饲（自由采食），共时正在饲料中增加营养剂（如VE粉大概胺基维他）及抗菌消炎药（如利下霉素） .（5）输完死细后普遍于5－15天开初收情.2、注意事项（1）正在收情历程中有部分母猪由于百般本果而引导收情状态好大概出什么“肃坐“状态，那些母猪惟有根据母猪中阳的肿胀程度、颜色、粘液粘稀举止适时输细，共时正在输细前1小时注射氯前列烯醇2毫降（大概促排3号），输细前5分钟注射催产素2毫降.（2）如果输完死细后收情配种的后备母猪正在配种后出现流脓较多的炎症状态时，应正在配种后3天内注射抗死素治疗，并加注氯前列烯醇2毫降，可普及母猪的受胎率战临盆率.第三阶段（8－9月龄）激素催情死殖激素贫累是引导母猪不克不迭仄常收情的一个要害本果，给不收收情的后备母猪注射中源性激素可起到明隐的催情效验.正在上述要领皆采与了之后，仍旧不收情的少量母猪末尾可使用该要领处理1－2次，还不收情的做淘汰处理.时常使用的处理要领有以下那些：（1）氯前列烯醇2毫降，（2）律胎素2毫降，（3）PMSG1000IU、HCG500IU，（4）PG600处理1次，1头份.（七）后备猪的防疫后备母猪的防疫是一个非常要害的处事，果为后备母猪不但包袱自己的防疫，而且还通过母乳将免疫力传播给胎女，而且许多繁殖类徐病只熏染初产母猪，修议搞好以下疫苗的交种：后备母猪正在配种前1－2个月交种2次真狂犬、日本乙型脑炎、细小病毒等疫苗，2次隔断时间为20天，并加强交种猪瘟苗、心蹄疫苗、喘气病苗等疫苗.（八）后备母猪收情审定与配种时机的掌握1、后备母猪收情时，中瞅明隐，阳门黑肿程度明隐强于经产母猪.2、后备母猪收情后排卵时间较经产母猪早，普遍要早8-12小时，所以收情后不克不迭赶快配种，不妨正在出现肃坐反射后8-12小时配种.3、后备母猪收情持绝时间少，奇尔可连绝三四天，为保证配种效验，修议配种次数多于经产母猪.（九）瞅察收情的三个最佳时机1、吃料时：那时母猪头背饲槽，尾背后，排列整齐.如人正在后边边走边瞅，很快便可不妨所有猪查完，并搞好准确推断.2、睡眠时：猪吃完料开初睡眠，那时不收情的猪很安靖，躺卧姿势恬静，对付人、猪反应早钝，收情猪正在有非常十分声音，人大概猪走近时会站起活动，大概搞坚不睡时常活动.咱们不妨很便当天从中找出收情适中的猪.3、配种时：公猪会收出很多种供奇旗号，如声音、气味等，待配母猪也会收出赞同大概中断旗号，那时其余圈舍的收情母猪会出现敏感反应，以至爬跨其余母猪，很简单辨别于其余猪.如果能掌控好上头三个时机，普遍能准确推断出母猪是可收情大概收情程度.（十）后备母猪的配种模式收情时间第1次配种第2次配种（不妨简略）第3次配种上午“肃坐”当日下午次日上午次日下午下午“肃坐”当日上午次日上午第三日上午超期收情（≥ 8.5月龄）大概激素处理的母猪,收情即配。