(完整版)(中英文对照版)保护世界文化和自然遗产公约

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约１９７２年１１月１６日，联合国教科文组织大会第１７届会议在巴黎通过了《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》(Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage) 。

公约主要规定了文化遗产和自然遗产的定义，文化和自然遗产的国家保护和国际保护措施等条款。

公约规定了各缔约国可自行确定本国领土内的文化和自然遗产，并向世界遗产委员会递交其遗产清单，由世界遗产大会审核和批准。

凡是被列入世界文化和自然遗产的地点，都由其所在国家依法严格予以保护。

《公约》的管理机构是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产委员会，该委员会于１９７６年成立，同时建立《世界遗产名录》。

被世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》的地方，将成为世界的名胜，可受到世界遗产基金提供的援助，还可由有关单位招徕和组织国际游客进行游览活动。

公约规定文化遗产为“从历史、艺术和科学观点来看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画，具有考古性质成份或结构、铭文、窟洞以及联合体”例如中国的故宫；“从历史、艺术和科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或环境风景结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群”；“从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人联合工程及考古地址等” ，例如中国的长城、秦始皇陵。

文化遗产保护区包括：历史建筑、历史名城、重要考古遗址和有永久纪念价值的巨型雕塑及绘画作品。

公约规定自然遗产为：“从审美和科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的由物质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然面貌”；“从科学或保护角度看具有突出的普遍价值的地质和自然地理结构以及明确划为受威胁的动物和植物生境区”；“从科学、保护或自然美角度看具有突出的普遍价值的自然景观或明确划分的自然区域”，例如中国的三江并流、九寨沟、武陵源。

自然遗产保护区包括：国家公园和其他早已指定的物种保护区。

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约自然是人类生存的基础，文化是人类精神的瑰宝。

世界各地的自然遗产和文化遗产承载着人类智慧和创造力的结晶，是人类共同的财富。

为了保护这些宝贵的遗产，国际社会积极采取行动，其中最重要的一项就是《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》。

《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》（以下简称《公约》）是1972年由联合国教科文组织通过的，旨在保护世界上的文化和自然遗产，维护人类文明的多样性和生态环境的完整性。

《公约》的实施对于整个人类社会来说具有重要意义，它不仅保护了人类的文化传承和自然环境，也为人们提供了旅游、教育和研究的宝贵资源。

首先，《公约》为世界上具有独特价值的文化遗产提供了保护机制。

文化遗产包括具有历史、艺术、科学、宗教等方面意义的建筑、考古遗址、艺术作品以及传统文化表达形式等。

《公约》规定了有关国家应该采取的措施来保护这些遗产，比如制定相关法律法规，制定保护计划，采取措施保护遗产的完整性和真实性。

同时，《公约》鼓励各国之间的合作，推动跨国界的文化遗产保护和交流。

其次，《公约》致力于保护世界上的自然遗产。

自然遗产是指具有独特自然价值的地理区域、地貌、生态系统、动植物等。

《公约》规定了有关国家应该采取的措施来保护这些遗产，比如建立自然保护区、野生动植物保护区，限制开发和污染等。

《公约》还强调了可持续发展的重要性，强调保护自然遗产与人类经济和社会发展的相辅相成关系。

此外，为了保护文化和自然遗产，各方必须加强交流与合作。

国家和地区之间可以共同申报联合保护的项目，共享经验和资源。

通过国际合作，世界各地的遗产得到了更好地保护和管理，也为公众提供了更好地了解和欣赏文化和自然的机会。

然而，尽管《公约》的确在保护世界遗产方面取得了重要成就，但目前还存在一些挑战。

首先，人类活动对自然环境的影响日益加剧，环境污染和气候变化对遗产的保护产生了威胁。

其次，全球旅游业的蓬勃发展，带来了大规模的游客涌入，对遗产景点造成了压力和破坏。

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATIONCONVENTION CONCERNING THEPROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURALAND NATURAL HERITAGEAdopted by the General Conference at its seventeenth sessionParis, 16 november 1972English TextCONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTIONOF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEThe General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972, at its seventeenth session,Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world,Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated,Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions, Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole, Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto,Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods,1Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention,Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 1For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage":monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.Article 2For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage":natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.2Article 3It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 above.II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 4Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain.Article 5To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:(a)to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage afunction in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes;(b)to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more servicesfor the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their functions;(c)to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out suchoperating methods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural or natural heritage;(d)to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financialmeasures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage; and3(e)to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centres fortraining in the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and naturalheritage and to encourage scientific research in this field.Article 61. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose territory the culturaland natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate.2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, togive their help in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the States on whose territory it is situated so request.3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measureswhich might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention. Article 7For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage.III INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 81. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and NaturalHeritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into force of this Convention for at least 40 States.42. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable representation of thedifferent regions and cultures of the world.3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation andRestoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.Article 91. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee shall extendfrom the end of the ordinary session of the General Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary session.2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time of the firstelection shall, however, cease at the end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the first election.3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives personsqualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage.Article 101. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations or individualsto participate in its meetings for consultation on particular problems.3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems necessary for theperformance of its functions.5Article 111. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible, submit to the WorldHeritage Committee an inventory of property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location of the property in question and its significance.2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance with paragraph 1,the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be distributed at least every two years.3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List requires the consent of theState concerned. The inclusion of a property situated in a territory, sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by more than one State shall in no way prejudice the rights of the parties to the dispute.4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, whenever circumstancesshall so require, under the title of "list of World Heritage in Danger", a list of the property appearing in the World Heritage List for the conservation of which major operations are necessary and for which assistance has been requested under this Convention. This list shall contain an estimate of the cost of such operations. The list may include only such property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage as is threatened by serious and specific dangers, such as the threat of disappearance caused by accelerated deterioration, large-scale public or private projects or rapid urban or tourist development projects; destruction caused by changes in the use or ownership of the land; major alterations due to unknown causes; abandonment for any reason whatsoever; the outbreak or the threat of an armed conflict; calamities and cataclysms; serious fires, earthquakes, landslides; volcanic eruptions; changes in water level, floods and tidal waves. The Committee may at any time, in case of urgent need, make a new entry in the List of World Heritage in Danger and publicize such entry immediately.5. The Committee shall define the criteria on the basis of which a property belonging tothe cultural or natural heritage may be included in either of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs2 and 4 of this article, the Committee shall consult the State Party in whose territorythe cultural or natural property in question is situated.67. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned, co-ordinate andencourage the studies and research needed for the drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.Article 12The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage has not been included in either of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall in no way be construed to mean that it does not have an outstanding universal value for purposes other than those resulting from inclusion in these lists.Article 131. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study requests for internationalassistance formulated by States Parties to this Convention with respect to property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage, situated in their territories, and included or potentially suitable for inclusion in the lists mentioned referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11. The purpose of such requests may be to secure the protection, conservation, presentation or rehabilitation of such property.2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph 1 of this article may also beconcerned with identification of cultural or natural property defined in Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary investigations have shown that further inquiries would be justified.3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken with regard to these requests,determine where appropriate, the nature and extent of its assistance, and authorize the conclusion, on its behalf, of the necessary arrangements with the government concerned.4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities for its operations. It shall in sodoing bear in mind the respective importance for the world cultural and natural heritage of the property requiring protection, the need to give international assistance to the property most representative of a natural environment or of the genius and the history of the peoples of the world, the urgency of the work to be done, the resources available to the States on whose territory the threatened property is situated and in particular the extent to which they are able to safeguard such property by their own means.5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and publicize a list of property forwhich international assistance has been granted.76. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources of the Fund established underArticle 15 of this Convention. It shall seek ways of increasing these resources and shall take all useful steps to this end.7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and national governmental andnon-governmental organizations having objectives similar to those of this Convention. For the implementation of its programmes and projects, the Committee may call on such organizations, particularly the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), as well as on public and private bodies and individuals.8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of two-thirds of its memberspresent and voting. A majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.Article 141. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat appointed by theDirector-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization, utilizing to the fullest extent possible the services of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in their respective areas of competence and capability, shall prepare the Committee's documentation and the agenda of its meetings and shall have the responsibility for the implementation of its decisions.IV FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGEArticle 151. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of OutstandingUniversal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is hereby established.82. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the provisions of theFinancial Regulations of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States Parties to thisConvention,(b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:States;other(i)(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,other organizations of the United Nations system, particularly the UnitedNations Development Programme or other intergovernmental organizations;(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;(c) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit ofthe fund; and(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as drawn up by the WorldHeritage Committee.4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made available to theCommittee may be used only for such purposes as the Committee shall define. The Committee may accept contributions to be used only for a certain programme or project, provided that the Committee shall have decided on the implementation of such programme or project. No political conditions may be attached to contributions made to the Fund.91. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the States Parties tothis Convention undertake to pay regularly, every two years, to the World Heritage Fund, contributions, the amount of which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States, shall be determined by the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention, meeting during the sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This decision of the General Assembly requires the majority of the States Parties present and voting, which have not made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case shall the compulsory contribution of States Parties to the Convention exceed 1% of the contribution to the regular budget of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in Article 32 of this Convention maydeclare, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article. 3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the declaration referred to inparagraph 2 of this Article may at any time withdraw the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. However, the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to the compulsory contribution due by the State until the date of the subsequent General Assembly of States parties to the Convention.4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its operations effectively, thecontributions of States Parties to this Convention which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, shall be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years, and should not be less than the contributions which they should have paid if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears with the payment of itscompulsory or voluntary contribution for the current year and the calendar year immediately preceding it shall not be eligible as a Member of the World Heritage Committee, although this provision shall not apply to the first election.The terms of office of any such State which is already a member of the Committee shall terminate at the time of the elections provided for in Article 8, paragraph 1 of this Convention.10The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or encourage the establishment of national public and private foundations or associations whose purpose is to invite donations for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.Article 18The States Parties to this Convention shall give their assistance to international fund-raising campaigns organized for the World Heritage Fund under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the bodies mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this purpose.V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEArticle 19Any State Party to this Convention may request international assistance for property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage of outstanding universal value situated within its territory. It shall submit with its request such information and documentation provided for in Article 21 as it has in its possession and as will enable the Committee to come to a decision. Article 20Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13, sub-paragraph (c) of Article 22 and Article 23, international assistance provided for by this Convention may be granted only to property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee has decided, or may decide, to enter in one of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11.Article 211. The World Heritage Committee shall define the procedure by which requests to it forinternational assistance shall be considered and shall specify the content of the request, which should define the operation contemplated, the work that is necessary, the expected cost thereof, the degree of urgency and the reasons why the resources of the State requesting assistance do not allow it to meet all the expenses. Such requests must be supported by experts' reports whenever possible.112. Requests based upon disasters or natural calamities should, by reasons of the urgentwork which they may involve, be given immediate, priority consideration by the Committee, which should have a reserve fund at its disposal against such contingencies.3. Before coming to a decision, the Committee shall carry out such studies andconsultations as it deems necessary.Article 22Assistance granted by the World Heritage Fund may take the following forms:(a) studies concerning the artistic, scientific and technical problems raised by theprotection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage, as defined in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 of this Convention;(b) provisions of experts, technicians and skilled labour to ensure that the approved workis correctly carried out;(c) training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection,conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage; (d) supply of equipment which the State concerned does not possess or is not in aposition to acquire;(e) low-interest or interest-free loans which might be repayable on a long-term basis;(f) the granting, in exceptional cases and for special reasons, of non-repayable subsidies. Article 23The World Heritage Committee may also provide international assistance to national or regional centres for the training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage.Article 24International assistance on a large scale shall be preceded by detailed scientific, economic and technical studies. These studies shall draw upon the most advanced techniques for the protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage and shall be consistent with the objectives of this Convention. The studies shall also seek means of making rational use of the resources available in the State concerned.12Article 25As a general rule, only part of the cost of work necessary shall be borne by the international community. The contribution of the State benefiting from international assistance shall constitute a substantial share of the resources devoted to each programme or project, unless its resources do not permit this.Article 26The World Heritage Committee and the recipient State shall define in the agreement they conclude the conditions in which a programme or project for which international assistance under the terms of this Convention is provided, shall be carried out. It shall be the responsibility of the State receiving such international assistance to continue to protect, conserve and present the property so safeguarded, in observance of the conditions laid down by the agreement.PROGRAMMESVI. EDUCATIONALArticle 271. The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavor by all appropriate means, and inparticular by educational and information programmes, to strengthen appreciation and respect by their peoples of the cultural and natural heritage defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention.2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadly informed of the dangers threateningthis heritage and of the activities carried on in pursuance of this Convention.Article 28States Parties to this Convention which receive international assistance under the Convention shall take appropriate measures to make known the importance of the property for which assistance has been received and the role played by such assistance.13。

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约Ⅱ. 文化和自然遗产的国家保护和国际保护第4条本公约缔约国均承认，保证第1条和第2条中提及的、本国领土内的文化和自然遗产的确定、保护、展出和遗传后代，主要是有关国家的责任。

该国将为此目的竭尽全力，最大限度地利用本国资源，必要时利用所能获得的国际援助和合作，特别是财政、艺术、科学及技术方面的援助和合作。

第5条为保证为保护、保存和展出本国领土内的文化和自然遗产采取积极有效的措施，本公约各缔约国应视本国具体情况尽力做到以下几点：(a) 通过一项旨在使文化和自然遗产在社会生活中起一定作用并把遗产保护工作纳入全面规划计划的总政策；(b) 如本国内尚未建立负责文化和自然遗产的保护、保存和展出的机构，则建立一个或几个此类机构，配备适当的工作人员和为履行其职能所需的手段；(c) 发展科学和技术研究，并制订出能够抵抗威胁本国文化或自然遗产的危险的实际方法；(d) 采取为确定、保护、保存、展出和恢复这类遗产所需的适当的法律、科学、技术、行政和财政措施；(e) 促进建立或发展有关保护、保存和展出文化和自然遗产的国家或地区培训中心，并鼓励这方面的科学研究。

第6条 1. 本公约缔约国，在充分尊重第1条和第2条中提及的文化和自然遗产的所在国的主权，并不使国家立法规定的财产权受到损害的同时，承认这类遗产是世界遗产的一部分，因此，整个国家社会有责任合作予以保护。

2. 缔约国根据本公约的规定，应有关国家的要求帮助该国确定、保护、保存和展出第11条第2和4段中提及的文化和自然遗产。

3. 本公约各缔约国不得故意采取任何可能直接或间接损害本公约其他缔约国领土内的、第1条和第2条中提及的文化和自然遗产的措施。

第7条在本公约中，世界文化和自然遗产的国际保护应被理解为建立一个旨在支持本公约缔约国保存和确定这类遗产的努力的国际合作的援助系统。

，制订委员会会议议程，并负责执行委员会的决定。

1。

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》是联合国教科文组织于１９７２年１１月１６日在第十七届大会上正式通过的。

１９７６年，世界遗产委员会成立，并建立《世界遗产名录》。

中国于１９８５年１２月１２日加入《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》，成为缔约方。

１９９９年１０月２９日，中国当选为世界遗产委员会成员。

中国于１９８６年开始向联合国教科文组织申报世界遗产项目。

中国的世界文化遗产>>>中国的世界自然遗产>>>中国的世界自然与文化遗产>>>中国的世界文化景观>>>附1：2002年11月中国唯一的水上长城辽宁九门口长城通过联合国教科文组织的验收，作为长城的一部分正式挂牌成为世界文化遗产。

附2：2000年11月拉萨大昭寺作为布达拉宫世界遗产的扩展项目被批准列入《世界遗产名录》。

附3：2001年12月西藏拉萨罗布林卡作为布达拉宫历史建筑群的扩展项目被批准列入《世界遗产名录》。

附4：2000年11月苏州艺圃、藕园、沧浪亭、狮子林和退思园５座园林作为苏州古典园林的扩展项目被批准列入《世界遗产名录》。

附5、附6：2003年7月北京市的十三陵和江苏省南京市的明孝陵作为明清皇家陵寝的一部分收入《世界遗产名录》。

附7：2004年7月，沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界遗产名录》。

附8：2004年7月，盛京三陵作为明清皇家陵寝扩展项目列入《世界遗产名录》。

中国的非物质文化遗产第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录全国重点文物保护单位名单历史文化名城名镇名村保护条例第一批国家珍贵古籍名录和第一批全国古籍重点保护单位名单国家自然遗产国家自然与文化双遗产预备名录世界遗产的申报程序：根据联合国教科文组织文件，世界遗产的申报需要完成９个步骤：１、一个国家首先要签署《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》并保证保护该国的文化和自然遗产，成为缔约国。

世界遗产名录（中英文对照）中文名英文名所在国家类型标准入选濒危贾姆的尖塔和考古遗址Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam阿富汗文化c23420022002巴米扬山谷的文化景观和考古遗迹Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the BamiyanValley 阿富汗文化c1234620032003布特林特Butrint阿尔巴尼亚文化c319921997贝尼-哈玛德的卡拉城Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad阿尔及利亚文化c31980阿杰尔的塔西里Tassili n'Ajjer阿尔及利亚复合c13n231982姆扎卜山谷M'Zab Valley阿尔及利亚文化c2351982杰米拉Djemila阿尔及利亚文化c341982提帕萨Tipasa阿尔及利亚文化c3419822002提姆加德Timgad 阿尔及利亚文化c2341982阿尔及尔城Kasbah of Algiers阿尔及利亚文化c251992洛斯格拉希亚雷斯Los Glaciares阿根廷自然n231981伊瓜苏国家公园Iguazu National Park阿根廷自然n341984里约-宾图拉斯的洞窟The Cueva de las Manos, Rio Pinturas阿根廷文化c31999瓦尔德斯半岛Peninsula Valdes阿根廷自然n41999科多巴的耶稣会街区和庄园The Jesuit Block and Estancias of Cordoba阿根廷文化c242000伊斯奇瓜兰斯托和塔兰巴亚自然公园Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks阿根廷自然n12000克夫拉达-德-乌马华卡Quebrada de Humahuaca阿根廷文化c2452003瓜拉尼耶酥会传教场所Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis阿根廷巴西文化c41983哈夫巴托和萨那因修道院The Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin亚美尼亚文化c241996吉哈尔德修道院和上阿扎特谷The Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley亚美尼亚文化c22000埃奇米河津的教堂和兹瓦尔特诺茨考古遗址The Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the ArchaeologicalSite of Zvartnots亚美尼亚文化c232000大堡礁Great Barrier Reef澳大利亚自然n12341981卡卡杜国家公园Kakadu National Park澳大利亚复合c16n2341981韦兰德拉湖区域Willandra Lakes Region澳大利亚复合c3n11981塔斯马尼亚荒原Tasmanian Wilderness澳大利亚复合c346n12341982豪勋爵诸岛Lord Howe Island Group澳大利亚自然n341982澳大利亚东中部雨林保护区Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves (Australia)澳大利亚自然n1241986乌卢鲁卡塔曲塔国家公园Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park澳大利亚复合c56n231987昆士兰州的热带雨林Wet Tropics of Queensland澳大利亚自然n12341988西澳大利亚的沙克湾Shark Bay, Western Australia澳大利亚自然n12341991弗雷泽岛Fraser Island澳大利亚自然n231992澳大利亚哺乳动物化石遗址—里弗斯雷和纳科特拉Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)澳大利亚自然n121994赫德岛和麦克唐纳群岛Heard and McDonald Islands澳大利亚自然n121997麦夸里岛Macquarie Island澳大利亚自然n131997大兰山地区The Greater Blue Mountains Area澳大利亚自然n242000波奴鲁鲁国家公园Purnululu National Park澳大利亚自然n132003萨尔茨堡城历史中心Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg奥地利文化c2461996申布伦宫殿和花园Palace and Gardens of Schonbrunn奥地利文化c141996萨尔茨卡莫古特地区的哈尔施塔特-达赫施泰因文化景观Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape奥地利文化c341997塞梅宁铁路Semmering Railway奥地利文化c241998格拉茨城历史中心City of Graz – Historic Centre奥地利文化c241999瓦绍文化景观The Wachau Cultural Landscape奥地利文化c242000维也纳历史中心Historic Centre of Vienna奥地利文化c2462001菲尔特湖文化景观Ferto/Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape奥地利匈牙利文化c52001巴库城及希尔梵沙王宫、少女塔The Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and MaidenTower 阿塞拜疆文化c420002003巴格尔哈特历史清真寺城Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat孟加拉国文化c41985巴哈尔普尔的佛教寺院遗迹Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur孟加拉国文化c1261985孙德尔本斯地区The Sundarbans孟加拉国自然n241997米尔城堡群The Mir Castle Complex白俄罗斯文化c242000别洛维什卡亚森林/比亚沃维耶扎森林Belovezhskaya Pushcha /Bialowieza Forest白俄罗斯波兰自然n31979佛兰德的贝居安会女修道院Flemish Beguinages比利时文化c2341998中央运河上的四部升降机及周边的拉-卢维耶尔地区和拉-耶鲁地区The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louviereand Le Roeulx (Hainault)比利时文化c341998布鲁塞尔大广场Grand-Place, Brussels比利时文化c241998佛兰德尔和瓦隆尼亚地区的钟楼The Belfries of Flanders and Wallonia比利时文化c241999布吕赫历史中心Historic Centre of Brugge比利时文化c2462000建筑师维克多-霍尔塔设计的布鲁塞尔城市住宅The Major T own Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)比利时文化c1242000蒙斯的斯皮耶纳新石器时代燧石矿The Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons)比利时文化c1342000图尔奈的圣母大教堂Notre Dame Cathedral in Tournai比利时文化c242000伯利兹堡礁保护系统Belize Barrier-Reef Reserve System伯利兹自然n2341996阿波美王宫Royal Palaces of Abomey贝宁文化c3419851985 波托西城City of Potosi玻利维亚文化c2461987奇基托斯耶稣会传教场所Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos玻利维亚文化c451990苏克雷历史城镇Historic City of Sucre玻利维亚文化c41991萨梅帕塔城塞El Fuerte de Samaipata玻利维亚文化c231998诺尔-坎普夫-墨尔加多国家公园Noel Kempff Mercado National Park玻利维亚自然n242000提瓦纳库——提瓦纳库人的文化政治中心Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture玻利维亚文化c342000措迪罗的岩画Tsodilo博茨瓦纳文化c1362001欧罗普雷托历史城镇Historic Town of Ouro Preto巴西文化c131980奥林达历史中心Historic Centre of Olinda巴西文化c241982萨尔瓦多历史中心Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia巴西文化c461985孔贡哈斯的仁慈耶稣殿保护区Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas巴西文化c141985伊瓜库国家公园Iguacu National Park巴西自然n341986巴西利亚城Brasilia巴西文化c141987卡皮瓦拉山国家公园Serra da Capivara National Park巴西文化c31991圣路易斯历史中心The Historic Centre of Sao Luis巴西文化c3451997迪亚曼蒂纳城历史中心Historic Centre of the T own of Diamantina巴西文化c241999迪斯卡弗里海岸的大西洋森林保护区Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves巴西自然n241999大西洋森林东南保护区Atlantic Forest Southeast Reserves巴西自然n2341999潘塔诺保护区Pantanal Conservation Area巴西自然n2342000中部亚马逊河保护区Central Amazon Conservation Complex巴西自然n242000塞拉多的保护区——查帕达-多斯-维阿迪罗斯和艾玛斯国家公园Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas NationalParks巴西自然n242001巴西大西洋群岛的费尔南多-德-诺隆哈和阿托尔-达斯-卢卡斯保护区Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das RocasReserves巴西自然n2342001戈亚斯城历史中心Historic Centre of the Town of Goias巴西自然c242001博亚纳教堂Boyana Church保加利亚文化c231979马达拉骑士浮雕Madara Rider保加利亚文化c131979伊万诺沃石凿教堂群Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo保加利亚文化c231979卡赞利克的色雷斯人墓Thracian T omb of Kazanlak保加利亚文化c1341979内塞巴尔古城Ancient City of Nessebar保加利亚文化c341983 斯雷巴尔纳自然保护区Srebarna Nature Reserve保加利亚自然n41983皮林国家公园Pirin National Park保加利亚自然n1231983里拉修道院Rila Monastery保加利亚文化c61983斯维什塔里色雷斯人墓Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari保加利亚文化c131985吴哥Angkor柬埔寨文化c134********德贾动物保护区Dja Faunal Reserve喀麦隆自然n241987安斯梅多国家历史遗址L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site加拿大文化c61978纳汉尼国家公园Nahanni National Park加拿大自然n231978恐龙省立公园Dinosaur Provincial Park加拿大自然n131979斯肯瓜伊——安东尼岛SGaang Gwaii (Anthony Island)加拿大文化c31981 北美野牛狩猎地Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump加拿大文化c61981伍德-布法罗国家公园Wood Buffalo National Park加拿大自然n2341983加拿大落基山脉公园群Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks加拿大自然n1231984魁北克的历史区域Historic District of Quebec加拿大文化c461985格罗斯莫讷国家公园Gros Morne National Park加拿大自然n131987卢嫩堡老城Old Town Lunenburg加拿大文化c451995 米瓜沙公园Miguasha Park加拿大自然n11999克卢恩/朗格尔和圣伊莱亚斯/冰川湾/塔仙希尼和阿尔塞克Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek加拿大美国自然n2341979沃特顿冰川国际和平公园Waterton Glacier International Peace Park加拿大美国自然n231995马诺沃贡达圣佛罗里斯国家公园Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park中非自然n2419881997拉帕努伊国家公园Rapa Nui National Park智利文化c1351995奇洛伊岛的教堂The Churches of Chiloe智利文化c232000瓦尔帕莱索海港城市的历史区域Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaiso智利文化c32003长城The Great Wall中国文化c123461987泰山Mount Taishan中国复合c123456n31987明清皇宫Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties中国文化c341987莫高窟Mogao Caves中国文化c1234561987秦始皇陵Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor中国文化c13461987周口店北京人遗址Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian中国文化c361987黄山Mount Huangshan中国复合c2n341990九寨沟风景名胜区Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area中国自然n31992黄龙风景名胜区Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area 中国自然n31992武陵源风景名胜区Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area中国自然n31992承德避暑山庄及外八庙The Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples in Chengde中国文化c241994曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion inQufu 中国文化c1461994武当山古建筑群Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains中国文化c1261994拉萨布达拉宫历史建筑群Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa中国文化c1461994庐山国家公园Lushan National Park中国文化c23461996峨眉山和乐山大佛Mt. Emei and Leshan Giant Buddha中国复合c46 n41996丽江古城The Old Town of Lijiang中国文化c2451997平遥古城The Ancient City of Ping Yao中国文化c2341997苏州古典园林Classical Gardens of Suzhou中国文化c123451997北京的皇家园林——颐和园Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing中国文化c1231998北京的皇家祭坛——天坛Temple of Heaven -- an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing中国文化c1231998武夷山Mount Wuyi中国复合c36n341999大足石刻The Dazu Rock Carvings中国文化c1231999青城山和都江堰灌溉工程Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan IrrigationSystem中国文化c2462000安徽南部古村落——西递和宏村Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun中国文化c3452000龙门石窟Longmen Grottoes中国文化c1232000明清皇家陵寝Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties中国文化c123462000云冈石窟Yungang Grottoes中国文化c12342001云南三江并流保护区Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas中国自然n12342003卡塔赫纳的港口、要塞和遗迹Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena哥伦比亚文化c461984洛斯卡迪奥斯国家公园Los Katios National Park哥伦比亚自然n241994圣克鲁斯德蒙波斯历史中心Historic centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox哥伦比亚文化c451995铁拉登特罗国家考古公园National archaeological Park of Tierradentro哥伦比亚文化c31995圣奥古斯丁考古公园San Agustin Archaeological Park哥伦比亚文化c31995科科斯岛国家公园Cocos Island National Park哥斯达黎加自然n241997瓜纳卡斯特山保护区Area de Conservacion Guanacaste哥斯达黎加自然n241999塔拉曼卡山脉及拉阿米斯塔德保护区Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves哥斯达黎加巴拿马自然n12341983塔伊国家公园Tai National Park科特迪瓦自然n341982科莫埃国家公园Comoe National Park科特迪瓦自然n2419832003杜布罗夫尼克古城Old City of Dubrovnik克罗地亚文化c1341979斯普利特历史区域和戴克里先官Historical complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian克罗地亚文化c2341979普里特维察湖群国家公园Plitvice Lakes National Park克罗地亚自然n231979波雷奇历史中心的幼发拉西乌斯主教教堂建筑群The Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the HistoricCentre of Porec克罗地亚文化c2341997特罗吉尔历史城镇The Historic City of Trogir克罗地亚文化c241997希贝尼克的圣詹姆士大教堂Cathedral of St. James in Sibenik克罗地亚文化c1242000哈瓦那古城及其要塞Old Havana and its Fortifications古巴文化c451982特立尼达和洛斯-因赫尼奥斯山谷Trinidad and the Valley de Los Ingenios古巴文化c451988圣地亚哥的圣佩德罗-德-拉-罗卡城San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba古巴文化c451997德森巴克-德-格拉玛国家公园Desembarco del Granma National Park古巴自然n131999维纳尔斯谷Vinales Valley古巴文化c41999古巴东南部的咖啡最初种植地遗址Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the Southeast of Cuba古巴文化c342000阿里杰德罗-德-胡波尔德国家公园Alejandro de Humboldt National Park古巴自然n242001帕福斯Paphos塞浦路斯文化c361980特鲁多斯地区的彩绘教堂Painted Churches in the Troodos Region塞浦路斯文化c2341985乔伊诺科里梯亚Choirokoitia塞浦路斯文化c2341998布拉格历史中心Historic Centre of Prague捷克文化c2461992捷克克鲁姆洛夫历史中心Historic Centre of Cesky Krumlov捷克文化c41992泰尔契历史中心Historic Centre of Tele 捷克文化c141992泽莱纳-霍拉的内波穆克圣约翰朝圣教堂The Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelena Hora捷克文化c41994库特纳霍拉——塞德莱克历史城镇及圣芭芭拉教堂和圣母大教堂Kutna Hora: The Historical Town Centre with the Church of St.Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec捷克文化c241995莱德尼察-瓦尔季采文化景观The Lednice-Valtice CulturalLandscape捷克文化c1241996霍拉索维察历史村落保护区Holasovice Historical Village Reservation捷克文化c241998克罗麦里兹的花园和城堡Ga rdens and Castle at Kromeríz捷克文化c241998利托米什城堡Litomysl Castle捷克文化c241999奥罗姆茨的三位一体圣柱Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc捷克文化c142000布尔诺的图根哈特别墅Tugendhat Villa in Brno捷克文化c242001特热比奇的犹太人区和圣普罗科匹厄斯大教堂The Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Trebíc捷克文化c232003维龙加国家公园Virunga National Park刚果民主自然n23419791994卡胡兹别加国家公园Kahuzi-Biega National Park刚果民主自然n419801997加兰巴国家公园Garamba National Park刚果民主自然n3419801996萨龙加国家公园Salonga National Park刚果民主自然n2319841999霍加皮野生生物保护区Okapi Wildlife Reserve刚果民主自然n419961997耶林墓地、古北欧石刻和教堂Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church丹麦文化c31994 罗斯基勒大教堂Roskilde Cathedral丹麦文化c241995克隆伯格城堡Kronborg Castle丹麦文化c42000特鲁斯皮顿山国家公园Morne Trois Pitons National Park多米尼各自然n141997移民城市圣多明戈Colonial City of Santo Domingo多米尼加文化c2461990加拉帕戈斯群岛Galapagos Islands厄瓜多尔自然n12341978 基多城City of Quito厄瓜多尔文化c241978桑盖国家公园Sangay National Park厄瓜多尔自然n23419831992昆卡历史中心Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Rios de Cuenca厄瓜多尔文化c2451999孟菲斯及其墓地——从吉萨到代赫舒尔的金字塔区域Memphis and its Necropolis - the Pyramid Fields from Giza toDahshur埃及文化c1361979底比斯古城及其墓地Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis埃及文化c1361979从阿布-辛拜勒到菲莱的努比亚遗迹Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae埃及文化c1361979伊斯兰都市开罗Islamic Cairo埃及文化c1561979阿布-米那Abu Mena埃及文化c419792001圣凯瑟琳东正教修道院地区Saint Catherine Area埃及文化c12462002霍亚德塞伦考古遗址Joya de Ceren Archaeological Site埃萨尔瓦多文化c341993塔林老城历史中心The Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn爱沙尼亚文化c241997拉里贝拉石凿教堂Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela埃塞俄比亚文化c1231978瑟门山国家公园Simien National Park埃塞俄比亚自然n3419781996贡德尔地区的法西尔-格赫比Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region埃塞俄比亚文化c231979阿克苏姆Aksum埃塞俄比亚文化c141980阿瓦什低谷Lower Valley of the Awash埃塞俄比亚文化c2341980奥莫低谷Lower Valley of the Omo埃塞俄比亚文化c341980蒂亚Tiya埃塞俄比亚文化c141980劳马古城Old Rauma芬兰文化c451991斯奥梅林纳的要塞Fortress of Suomenlinna芬兰文化c41991 佩塔耶维希老教堂Petajavesi Old Church芬兰文化c41994韦尔拉木料木板工厂Verla Groundwood and Board Mill芬兰文化c41996萨马拉赫德马基的青铜时代墓葬The Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmaki芬兰文化c341999奥理德区域及其文化历史群以及自然环境Ohrid Region with its Cultural and Historical Aspect and its NaturalEnvironment马其顿复合c134n31979圣米歇尔山及其海湾Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay法国文化c1361979沙特尔大教堂Chartres Cathedral法国文化c1241979凡尔赛宫及园林Palace and Park of Versailles法国文化c1261979韦泽莱教堂及山丘Vezelay, Church and Hill法国文化c161979韦泽尔山谷洞窟群Decorated Grottoes of the Vezere Valley法国文化c131979枫丹白露宫及园林Palace and Park of Fontainebleau法国文化c261981亚眠大教堂Amiens Cathedral法国文化c121981奥朗日的古罗马剧院和凯旋门Roman Theatre and the "Triumphal Arch" of Orange法国文化c361981阿尔勒的古罗马和罗马式建筑Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles法国文化c241981丰特奈的西多会修道院Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay法国文化c41981阿尔克塞南皇家盐场Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans法国文化c1241982南锡的斯坦尼斯拉斯广场、卡里耶尔广场和阿里昂斯广场Place Stanislas, Place de la Carriere and Place d'Alliance in Nancy法国文化c141983圣萨尔文教堂Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe法国文化c131983科西嘉岛的吉罗拉塔海角、波尔图海角、斯坎多拉自然保护区和皮亚纳-卡兰切斯Cape Girolata, Cape Porto, Scandola Nature Reserve, and the PianaCalanches in Corsica法国自然n2341983加尔桥—古罗马水槽Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct)法国文化c1341985斯特拉斯堡大岛Strasbourg - Grande Ile法国文化c1241988巴黎塞纳河畔Paris, Banks of the Seine法国文化c1241991兰斯的圣母大教堂、前圣雷米修道院和塔乌宫Cathedral of Notre-Dame, former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace of Tau in Reims法国文化c1261991布尔日大教堂Bourges Cathedral法国文化c141992阿维尼翁历史中心Historic Centre of Avignon法国文化c1241995南方运河Canal du Midi法国文化c12461996卡尔卡松历史城堡The Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne法国文化c241997法国境内的圣地亚哥-德-孔波斯特拉朝圣之路The Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France法国文化c2461998里昂的历史街区Historic Site of Lyons法国文化c241998圣埃米里奥地区The Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion法国文化c341999叙利到沙洛纳间的卢瓦尔河谷Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes法国文化c1242000中世纪城镇普罗旺斯Provins, T own of Medieval Fairs法国文化c242001比利牛斯山脉Pyrenees - Mont Perdu法国西班牙双重c345n131997詹姆士岛和相关遗迹James Island and Related Sites冈比亚文化c362003姆兹海塔城市博物馆保护区The City-Museum Reserve ofMtskheta格鲁吉亚文化c341994巴格拉提大教堂和格拉提修道院Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery格鲁吉亚文化c41994上斯瓦涅季Upper Svaneti格鲁吉亚文化c451996亚琛大教堂Aachen Cathedral德国文化c12461978施佩耶尔大教堂Speyer Cathedral 德国文化c21981维尔茨堡宫以及宫廷花园和宫廷广场Wurzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square德国文化c141981 维斯朝圣教堂Pilgrimage Church of Wies德国文化c131983布吕尔的奥古斯都堡和谐趣园城堡Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Bruhl德国文化c241984希尔德斯海姆的圣母玛丽亚大教堂和圣米迦洛教堂St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Michael's Church at Hildesheim 德国文化c1231985特里尔的古罗马建筑、圣彼得大教堂和圣母教堂Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St. Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier德国文化c13461986汉萨同盟城市吕贝克Hanseatic City of Lubeck德国文化c41987波茨坦和柏林的宫殿和公园Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin德国文化c1241990洛尔施的修道院和阿尔腾蒙斯特Abbey and Altenmunster of Lorsch德国文化c341991拉梅尔斯堡矿山和戈斯拉尔历史城镇Mines of Rammelsberg and the Historic Town of Goslar德国文化c141992班贝格城T own of Bamberg德国文化c241993毛尔布隆修道院群Maulbronn Monastery Complex德国文化c241993 奎德林堡的牧师会教堂、城堡和古城Collegiate Church, Castle and Old Town of Quedlinburg德国文化c41994弗尔克林根钢铁厂Volklingen Ironworks德国文化c241994曼塞尔坑化石遗址Messel Pit Fossil Site德国自然n11995科隆大教堂Cologne Cathedral德国文化c1241996魏玛和德绍德鲍豪斯建筑The Bauhaus and its sites in Weimar and Dessau德国文化c2461996 艾斯莱本和维腾贝格的马丁路德纪念地The Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg德国文化c461996魏玛古城Classical Weimar德国文化c361998博物馆岛Museumsinsel (Museum Island)德国文化c241999瓦特堡城堡Wartburg Castle德国文化c361999德绍-沃里茨的王家花园景区The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Worlitz德国文化c242000赖歇瑙岛的修道院Monastic Island of Reichenau德国文化c3462000埃森的德意志关税同盟煤矿工业区Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen德国文化c232001莱茵河中上游河谷Upper Middle Rhine Valley德国文化c2452002施特拉尔松德和维斯马历史中心Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar德国文化c242002沃尔特、大阿克拉、中西部地区的古堡和城堡群Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions加纳文化c61979阿散蒂传统建筑Asante Traditional Buildings加纳文化c51980巴塞的伊壁鸠鲁阿波罗神庙Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae希腊文化c1231986德尔菲考古遗址Archaeological Site of Delphi希腊文化c123461987雅典卫城Acropolis, Athens希腊文化c123461987阿索斯山Mount Athos希腊复合c12456n31988曼代奥拉Meteora希腊复合c1245n31988塞萨洛尼基的古基督教和拜占庭建筑Paleochristian andByzantine Monuments of Thessalonika希腊文化c1241988 埃皮道拉斯考古遗址Archaeological Site of Epidaurus希腊文化c123461988罗得岛的中世纪古城Medieval City of Rhodes希腊文化c2451988米斯特拉斯Mystras希腊文化c2341989奥林匹亚考古遗迹Archaeological Site of Olympia希腊文化c123461989得洛斯Delos希腊文化c23461990希俄斯的达菲尼、霍希俄斯卢卡斯和尼奥莫尼修道院Monasteries of Daphni, Hossios Luckas, and Nea Moni of Chios希腊文化c141990萨摩斯岛的毕萨格里翁和伊拉翁Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos希腊文化c231992维吉纳考古遗址The Archaeological Site of Vergina希腊文化c131996迈锡尼和梯林斯考古遗址The Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns希腊文化c123461999波特摩斯岛上的克拉城历史中心和神学家圣约翰修道院以及启示洞穴The Historic Centre (Chora) with the Monastery of Saint John "theTheologian" and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Potmos希腊文化c3461999蒂卡尔国家公园Tikal National Park危地马拉复合c134n241979安提瓜的危地马拉城Antigua Guatemala危地马拉文化c2341979基里瓜考古公园及遗址Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua危地马拉文化c1241981宁巴山自然保护区Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve几内亚科特迪瓦自然n2419811992国家历史公园—城堡、圣苏西、拉米尔斯National History Park -- Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers海地文化c461982梵蒂冈城Vatican City梵蒂冈文化c12461984科潘的玛雅遗址Maya Site of Copan洪都拉斯文化c461980雷奥普拉塔诺生物圈保护区Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve洪都拉斯自然n123419821996布达佩斯及多瑙河畔、布达城堡地区和安德拉希大街Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda CastleQuarter and Andrassy Avenue匈牙利文化c241987霍洛克古村落及其周边Old Village of Holloko and its Surroundings匈牙利文化c51987帕诺哈尔马千年本笃会修道院及周边自然环境Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its NaturalEnvironment匈牙利文化c461996霍托巴吉平原国家公园Hortobagy National Park - the Puszta 匈牙利文化c451999佩奇的早期基督教陵墓Early Christian Necropolis of Pecs (Sopianae)匈牙利文化c342000托卡伊葡萄酒产地历史文化景观T okaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape匈牙利文化c352002阿格泰莱克洞和斯洛伐克喀斯特地形Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst匈牙利斯洛伐克自然n11995阿旃陀石窟Ajanta Caves印度文化c12361983埃洛拉石窟Ellora Caves印度文化c1361983阿格拉古堡Agra Fort印度文化c31983泰姬陵Taj Mahal印度文化c11983科纳拉克太阳神庙The Sun Temple, Konarak印度文化c1361984玛哈巴利布勒姆遗迹Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram 印度文化c12361984卡兹兰加国家公园Kaziranga National Park印度自然n241985 马纳斯野生生物保护区Manas Wildlife Sanctuary印度自然n23419851992凯奥拉德奥国家公园Keoladeo National Park印度自然n41985果阿的教堂和修道院Churches and Convents of Goa印度文化c2461986卡久拉霍遗迹群Khajuraho Group of Monuments印度文化c131986汉皮遗迹群Group of Monuments at Hampi印度文化c134********法塔赫布尔西格里Fatehpur Sikri印度文化c2341986 帕塔达卡尔遗迹群Group of Monuments at Pattadakal印度文化c341987埃勒凡塔石窟Elephanta Caves印度文化c131987坦贾武尔的湿婆神庙Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur印度文化c231987孙德尔本斯国家公园Sundarbans National Park印度自然n241987南达戴维国家公园Nanda Devi National Park印度自然n341988 桑奇佛教遗址Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi印度文化c123461989德里胡玛雍陵Humayun's Tomb, Delhi印度文化c241993德里库特布塔及其建筑Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi 印度文化c41993喜马拉雅山大吉岭铁路Darjeeling Himalayan Railway印度文化c241999菩提伽耶的摩哈菩提寺Mahabodhi Temple Complex at BodhGaya印度文化c123462002皮姆贝特卡的岩石住所Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka印度文化c352003婆罗浮屠寺庙群Borobudur Temple Compounds印度尼西亚文化c1261991乌戎库隆国家公园Ujung Kulon National Park印度尼西亚自然n341991科莫多国家公园Komodo National Park印度尼西亚自然n341991普兰巴南寺庙群Prambanan Temple Compounds印度尼西亚文化c141991桑吉兰早期人类遗址Sangiran Early Man Site印度尼西亚文化c361996洛伦茨国家公园Lorentz National Park印度尼西亚自然n1241999乔加赞比尔T chogha Zanbil伊朗文化c341979波斯波利斯Persepolis伊朗文化c1361979伊斯法罕伊玛姆广场Meidan Emam, Esfahan伊朗文化c1561979塔赫特-苏里曼Takht-e Soleyman伊朗文化c123462003哈特拉Hatra伊拉克文化c23461985亚述Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)伊拉克文化c3420032003博恩河河曲考古遗址群Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne 爱尔兰文化c1341993斯凯利格迈克尔岛Skellig Michael爱尔兰文化c341996马察达要塞Masada以色列文化c3462001阿卡古城Old City of Acre以色列文化c2352001特拉维夫白城的现代建筑The White City of Tel-Aviv -- the Modern Movement以色列文化c242003瓦尔卡莫尼卡岩画Rock Drawings in Valcamonica意大利文化c361979圣玛丽亚的感恩教堂和多明我会修道院以及莱昂纳多达芬奇的最后的晚餐Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "TheLast Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci意大利文化c121980佛洛伦萨历史中心Historic Centre of Florence意大利文化c123461982威尼斯及其泻湖Venice and its Lagoon意大利文化c1234561987比萨大教堂广场Piazza del Duomo, Pisa意大利文化c12461987圣吉米纳诺历史中心Historic Centre of San Gimignano 意大利文化c1341990马泰拉的洞窟I Sassi di Matera意大利文化c3451993维琴察城和威尼托地区的帕拉第奥风格的别墅The City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto意大利文化c121994锡耶纳历史中心Historic Centre of Siena意大利文化c1241995那不勒斯历史中心Historic Centre of Naples意大利文化c241995克雷斯皮达阿达Crespi d'Adda意大利文化c451995文艺复兴城市费拉拉及波河三角洲Ferrara, City of the Renaissance and its Po Delta 意大利文化c234561995蒙特堡Castel del Monte意大利文化c1231996阿尔贝罗贝洛的楚利式建筑The Trulli of Alberobello意大利文化c3451996 拉文纳的早期基督教建筑和装饰Early Christian Monuments and Mosaics of Ravenna意大利文化c12341996皮恩扎城历史中心The Historic Centre of the City of Pienza意大利文化c1241996 卡塞塔的十八世纪王宫及花园和范维特里水渠以及圣莱乌奇奥建筑群The 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex意大利文化c12341997萨伏伊皇家住宅The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy意大利文化c12451997帕多瓦植物园The Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua意大利文化c231997韦内雷港、五村镇和群岛——帕尔马里亚、蒂诺和蒂内托Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)意大利文化c2451997摩德纳的大教堂、市民塔和大广场The Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena意大利文化c12341997庞贝、埃尔科拉诺和托雷安努兹亚塔的考古区The Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Ercolano, and Torre Annunziata意大利文化c3451997阿马尔菲海岸The Costiera Amalfitana意大利文化c2451997阿格里真托的考古区The Archaeological Area of Agrigento意大利文化c12341997罗马纳-德-卡萨莱别墅Villa Romana del Casale意大利文化c1231997苏-纳拉西-德-巴尔米尼Su Nuraxi di Barumini意大利文化c1341997 奇莱托和迪亚诺山谷国家公园及帕埃斯图姆和韦利亚的考古遗址以及切尔托萨-迪-帕杜拉Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sitesof Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula意大利文化c341998乌尔比诺历史中心Historic Centre of Urbino意大利文化c241998阿奎利亚考古地区以及主教教堂Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia意大利文化c3461998阿德里亚纳的别墅Villa Adriana (Tivoli)意大利文化c1231999埃奥里亚群岛Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands)意大利自然n12000安西西及圣弗兰西斯克大教堂及其他圣方济各会遗址Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites意大利文化c123462000维罗纳城City of Verona意大利文化c242000蒂沃利的东方别墅Villa d'Este, Tivoli意大利文化c123462001诺托谷的晚期巴洛克风格城镇Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-eastern Sicily)意大利文化c12452002皮德蒙特和隆巴蒂的神山Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy意大利文化c242003罗马历史中心和享有治外法权的教皇领地以及圣保罗大教堂Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that CityEnjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura 意大利梵蒂冈文化c12461980法隆寺地区的佛教建筑Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area日本文化c12461993姬路城Himeji-jo日本文化c141993屋久岛Yakushima日本自然n231993白神山地Shirakami-Sanchi日本自然n21993古京都历史建筑群—包括京都、宇治和大津Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji, and Otsu Cities)日本文化c241994白川乡和五崮山的历史村落Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama日本文化c451995广岛和平公园—原爆屋顶Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)日本文化c61996严岛神社Itsukushima Shinto Shrine日本文化c12461996古奈良历史遗迹群Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara日本文化c23461998日光的神社与寺庙Shrines and T emples of Nikko日本文化c1461999琉球王国的王城遗址及相关遗迹Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu日本文化c2362000 耶路撒冷古城及其城墙Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls耶路撒冷文化c23619811982佩特拉Petra约旦文化c1341985。

中文名英文名所在国家类型标准入选濒危备注贾姆的尖塔和考古遗址Minaret and Archaeological Remains ofJam阿富汗文化c234200220022002年被列为濒危遗产。

巴米扬山谷的文化景观和考古遗迹Cultural Landscape and ArchaeologicalRemains of the Bamiyan Valley阿富汗文化c12346200320032003年被列为濒危遗产。

布特林特Butrint阿尔巴尼亚文化c3199219971999年扩展范围。

1997年被列为濒危遗产。

贝尼-哈玛德的卡拉Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad阿尔及利亚文化c31980阿杰尔的塔西里Tassili n'Ajjer阿尔及利亚复合c13n231982姆扎卜山谷M'Zab Valley阿尔及利亚文化c2351982杰米拉Djemila阿尔及利亚文化c341982提帕萨Tipasa阿尔及利亚文化c34198220022002年被列为濒危遗产。

提姆加德Timgad阿尔及利亚文化c2341982阿尔及尔城Kasbah of Algiers阿尔及利亚文化c251992洛斯格拉希亚雷斯Los Glaciares阿根廷自然n231981伊瓜苏国家公园Iguazu National Park阿根廷自然n341984里约-宾图拉斯的洞The Cueva de las Manos, Rio Pinturas阿根廷文化c31999瓦尔德斯半岛Peninsula Valdes阿根廷自然n41999科多巴的耶稣会街区和庄园The Jesuit Block and Estancias ofCordoba阿根廷文化c242000伊斯奇瓜兰斯托和塔兰巴亚自然公园Ischigualasto / Talampaya NaturalParks阿根廷自然n12000克夫拉达-德-乌马华Quebrada de Humahuaca阿根廷文化c2452003瓜拉尼耶酥会传教场所Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis阿根廷巴西文化c419831983年登录巴西Ruins of Sao Miguel dasMissoes圣米格尔达斯米索斯遗迹，1984年扩展范围到阿根廷并改为现在的名称。

文化遗产相关国际公约及文件汇编全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：文化遗产是人类文明发展的重要组成部分，是连接过去和现在的纽带，是传承和发展人类智慧和创造力的重要载体。

为了保护和传承文化遗产，国际社会制定了一系列公约和文件，旨在促进国际合作，保护和传承各国的文化遗产。

本文将对文化遗产相关国际公约及文件进行汇编和介绍。

1. 《世界文化与自然遗产公约》《世界文化与自然遗产公约》是联合国教科文组织于1972年制定的一项重要国际公约，旨在保护世界各地的文化和自然遗产。

根据该公约，被列入世界遗产名录的遗产必须具有“杰出普遍价值”，并且必须得到有效保护和管理。

该公约影响深远，成为文化遗产保护的重要法律基础。

2. 《世界非物质文化遗产公约》《世界非物质文化遗产公约》是联合国教科文组织于2003年制定的一项重要国际公约，旨在保护和传承世界各地的非物质文化遗产，如口头传统、表演艺术、社会实践等。

该公约重视民间文化传统的传承和发展，强调保护非物质文化遗产的多样性和传统知识的传承。

3. 《保护文化遗产公约》《保护文化遗产公约》是联合国大会于1954年通过的一项重要国际公约，旨在保护文化遗产免受战争和冲突破坏。

该公约规定了如何保护文化遗产不受战争和冲突破坏的具体措施，包括建立保护备案、制定抢救计划等。

4. 《不动产文化遗产的保护与管理准则》《不动产文化遗产的保护与管理准则》是国际文化遗产保护委员会于2008年制定的一项重要文件，旨在为各国提供保护和管理不动产文化遗产的指导。

该准则包括了关于文化遗产保护原则、管理机制、保护措施等方面的具体要求和建议。

5. 《国际公约防治盗窃、走私及非法转移文化财产》《国际公约防治盗窃、走私及非法转移文化财产》是联合国大会于1970年通过的一项重要国际公约，旨在防止文化财产的盗窃、走私和非法转移。

该公约要求各国采取有效措施，防止文化财产流失，保护文化遗产的完整性和可持续发展。

文化遗产保护是全人类的责任和使命，各国应积极履行国际公约和文件的要求，保护和传承自己的文化遗产，促进文明发展和文化多样性的繁荣。

保护世界文化和自然遗产公约什么是世界文化和自然遗产呢？简单来说，世界文化遗产包括那些具有突出普遍价值的古迹、建筑群和遗址，比如埃及的金字塔、中国的长城、印度的泰姬陵等等。

它们见证了人类文明的发展历程，是我们了解过去的重要窗口。

而世界自然遗产则涵盖了独特的自然景观、地质和生物结构，以及濒危动植物栖息地等，像是澳大利亚的大堡礁、中国的九寨沟、肯尼亚的马赛马拉国家公园。

这些地方展现了大自然的神奇与美丽，也是许多珍稀物种赖以生存的家园。

公约确立了一系列重要的原则和目标。

首先，它强调了这些遗产的“突出普遍价值”，也就是说，无论它们位于哪个国家，都属于全人类共同的财富，应该得到全世界的尊重和保护。

其次，公约倡导“完整性”和“真实性”的保护原则。

完整性意味着要保护遗产的整体环境和相关要素，不能只关注遗产本身而忽略了其周边的生态和文化背景；真实性则要求在保护和修复过程中，尽可能地保留遗产的原始风貌和历史信息，避免过度干预和虚假的重建。

为了实现这些目标，公约建立了一套完善的申报和管理机制。

各国可以将本国认为具有突出价值的文化和自然遗产向联合国教科文组织申报，经过一系列严格的评估和审查程序，如果符合标准，就会被列入《世界遗产名录》。

一旦列入名录，这些遗产就会受到国际社会的关注和监督，同时也能够获得更多的保护资源和技术支持。

然而，遗产保护工作并非一帆风顺。

随着全球经济的发展和城市化进程的加速，许多遗产面临着前所未有的威胁。

战争与冲突、非法开采、过度旅游、环境污染等等，都给遗产的保护带来了巨大的压力。

比如在一些战乱地区，文化遗产遭到了严重的破坏和掠夺；一些热门的旅游景点，由于游客数量过多，超出了当地的承载能力，导致生态环境恶化和文化景观受损。

面对这些挑战，我们不能坐以待毙。

一方面，各国政府应当加大对遗产保护的投入，制定和完善相关的法律法规，加强执法力度，严厉打击破坏遗产的行为。

另一方面，我们每个人也都应当增强保护意识，从自身做起，尊重和爱护这些宝贵的财富。