焊接专家系统

焊工初级试题库含答案一、单选题（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1.（）是具有相当于专家的知识和经验水平，以及具有解决焊接专门问题能力的计算机软件系统。

A、焊接送丝系统B、焊接送气系统C、焊接专家系统D、焊接控制系统正确答案：C2.手持行灯电压不准超过( )V。

在特别潮湿或周围均属金属导体的地方工作时，如在汽包、凝汽器、加热器、蒸发器、除氧器以及其他金属容器或水箱等内部,行灯的电压不准超过( )V。

A、36,12B、24,24C、36,24D、12,24正确答案：A3.铁素体的表示符号是( )。

A、SB、CmC、LDD、F正确答案：D4.焊接低合金钢厚板结构时，容易出现的缺陷是( )。

A、未焊透B、气孔C、热裂纹D、冷裂纹正确答案：D5.手工电弧焊时，接头采用X型坡口要比V型坡口的变形（）A、一样B、小C、大正确答案：B6.焊条烘干的目的主要是（）。

A、保证焊缝金属的抗拉强度B、降低药皮中含氧量C、改善脱渣性能D、去掉药皮中的水分正确答案：D7.不符合氧气切割条件要求的是( )。

A、金属气割时形成氧化物的熔点低于金属本身B、金属在氧气中的燃烧点低于熔点C、金属在切割氧射流中燃烧反应为放热反应D、金属的导热性较高正确答案：D8.碳弧气刨时低碳钢刨槽表面产生硬化层的原因是( )。

A、铜斑B、金属被加热到高温后急冷C、合金元素被烧损D、夹碳正确答案：B9.识读( )时，应与阅读工艺卡或工艺规程相结合。

A、现场工艺规程B、工艺规程C、焊接装配图D、阅读工艺卡正确答案：C10.超低碳不锈钢中的含碳量小于( )。

A、0.0003B、0.003C、0.0001D、0.0004正确答案：A11.下列属于熔焊的焊接方法是( )。

A、冷压焊B、电弧焊C、锻焊正确答案：B12.国标GB5117-85、GB5118-85、GB983-85中规定，低碳钢、低合金钢、不锈钢焊条型号中，“焊条”用字母（）表示。

A、JB、HC、AD、E正确答案：D13.在焊条药皮中，能促使电弧稳定燃烧的物质是（）。

焊接、检测专业英语单词电子束切割 electron beam cutting喷气激光切割 gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割 carbon arc cutting水下切割 underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割 waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割 oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割 powder lancing手工气割 manual oxygen cutting自动气割 automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割 shape cutting数控切割 NC (numerical-control) cutting快速切割 high-speed cutting垂直切割 square cut叠板切割 stack cutting坡口切割 beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割 carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨 flame gouging火焰表面清理 scarfing 氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream 切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag割纹深度 depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag割枪 cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe 水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机 photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine 磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件 weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress 焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis 逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method 固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形 welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正 flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracturemechanics线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking 热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement 临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数 restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors罗伯逊止裂试验 Robertson crack arrest test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop 焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station 焊接环境welding surroundings焊工welder电焊工 manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试 welder qualification test钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口 bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification焊接工艺试验welding procedure test 焊接工艺卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota焊接工时定额 welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台 welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机 positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform 焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器 magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode 流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆 welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder焊缝检测规 weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板 run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人生产线robot line for welding 焊接机器人工作站welding robot station 机器人运动自由degree of free for robot 机器人工作空间robot working space轨迹重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back 焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing 计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度 weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate 焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量 nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder 电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye)电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn防电击装置voltage reducing device除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套 welding gloves护脚welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔pinhole密集气孔porosity条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边 undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿 burn through塌陷 excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion 未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣 slag inclusion夹杂物inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边test piece试样 test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤 straight beam method 斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspection X射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection 磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection 探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity 渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤 flurescent penetrant inspection着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验 pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing面弯试验 face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验squeezing test氧矛切割 oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割 powder lancing手工气割 manual oxygen cutting自动气割 automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割 shape cutting数控切割 NC (numerical-control)cutting快速切割 high-speed cutting垂直切割 square cut叠板切割 stack cutting坡口切割 beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割 carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨 flame gouging氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧 preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream 切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口 kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量 quality of cut face切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross割枪cutting gun 割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe 水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine 磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件 weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress 焊接残余应力welding residual stress 热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力cons traint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis 逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布 stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形 angular distortion自由变形 free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation 错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking 热应变脆化 hot straining embrittlement 临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度 restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子 critical stress intensity factorsJ积分J-integration罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式 Paris formula断裂分析图 fracture analysis diagram 焊接车间 welding shop焊接工作间 welding booth焊接工位 welding post/ welding station 焊接环境 welding surroundings焊工 welder电焊工 manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训 welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering 装配assembly/ fitting安装 erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification焊接工艺试验welding procedure test 焊接工艺卡welding procedure card焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner 焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架urning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform 焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode流量计flow meter焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing 引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片 filter glass/ welding glass 防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人 arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人生产线robot line for welding 焊接机器人工作站welding robot station 机器人运动自由degree of free for robot 机器人工作空间 robot working space轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back 焊接图象识别 pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder 电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye)电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn防电击装置voltage reducing device除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套welding gloves护脚 welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔 pinhole密集气孔porosity 条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边undercut焊瘤 overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合 lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣slag inclusion夹杂物 inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边misalignment/ dislocation试件test piece试样 test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤straight beam method 斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspection γ射线探伤gamma-ray inspectionX射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection 探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity 渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤flurescent penetrant inspection着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing 面弯试验face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test 横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验axial bend test压扁试验squeezing test焊点 welding spot熔核 nugget熔核直径 diameter of nugget塑性金属环区 corona bond焊透率penetration rate压痕indentation压痕深度depth of indentation压深率indentation ratio翘离 sheet separation缩孔shrinkage cavity胡须intrusion电极粘损electrode pick up喷溅splash/ expulsion毛刺 fin飞边upset metal/ fin焊点距weld spacing/ spot weld spacing 边距edge distance分流shunt current接触电阻 contact resistance电阻焊机resistance welding machine点焊机spot welding machine多点焊机multiple spot welding machine 移动式点焊机portable spot weldingmachine缝焊机seam welding machine纵横两用缝焊机universal seam welder对焊机butt resistance welding machine 凸焊机projection welding machine三相低频焊机 three phase low frequency welder点焊钳spot welding headC形点焊钳C-type welding head/ C-type gun断续器contactor同步断续器synchronous contactor异步断续器non-synchronous contactor程序控制器sequencer程序时间调节器sequencer timer电极臂arm电极握杆electrode holder电极台板 backup die/ bolster电极水冷管electrode cooling tube电极头electrode tip电极帽electrode cap锥头电极truncated tip electrode平头电极 flat tip electrode尖头电极pointed tip electrode球面电极radius tip electrode偏心电极offest electrode 直电极straight electrode弯电极 cranked electrode双弯电极double cranked (swannecked) electrode滚轮电极circular electrode/ welding wheel斜棱滚轮电极bevelled wheel顶锻机构 upsetting mechanism电极总行程total electrode stroke工作行程operational stroke辅助行程electrode travel/ electrode stroke臂间距离horn spacing/ throat opening 电极臂伸出长度arm extension摩擦焊friction welding (FW)转速friction speed摩擦压力friction pressure/ heating pressure摩擦转矩friction torque摩擦时间friction time摩擦变形量burn-off length摩擦变形速度burn-off rate停车时间stopping time顶锻变形量forge length顶锻变形速度 forge rate摩擦表面friction surface储能摩擦焊fly-wheel type friction welding径向摩擦焊radial friction welding扩散焊diffusion welding (DW)热轧扩散焊 roll diffusion welding扩散缝焊seam diffusion welding隔离剂buttering material爆炸焊explosive welding (EW)爆炸点焊explosive spot welding爆炸线焊explosive line welding多层板爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer plates多层管爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer tubes覆板（覆管）cladding plat (tube)/ flyer plate (tube)基板（基管）base plate(tube)/ parent plate (tube)保护层buffer/ protector基础base预置角preset angle间距initial stand-off/ spacing装药量explosive load装药密度charge density/ loading density质量比mass ratio 平行法parallel plate configuration角度法 preset angle configuration均匀布药average arranging explosive 梯形布药gradient arranging explosive 爆炸焊参数explosive welding parameters 初始参数 initial parameters动态参数dynamic parameters界面参数interface parameters爆轰速度detonation velocity覆板速度cladding plate velocity碰撞点 impact point碰撞点速度velocity of the impact point 弯折角bending angle碰撞角collision angle碰撞压力impact pressure格尼能 Gurney energy垂直碰撞normal impact倾斜碰撞oblique impact/ inclined impact对称碰撞symmetrical impact来流upper stream出流 down stream再入射流re-entrant jet自清理oneself cleaning结合区bond zone平面结合plane bond波状结合wave-like bond界面波长length of the interfacial wave 界面波幅amplitude of the interfacial wave熔化层molten layer熔化袋molten pocket雷管区 detonator zone边界效应edge effect焊接性窗口weldability windows焊着率ratio of welding area起爆方法method of initiation内爆法 internal explosion process外爆法external explosion process半圆柱试验法semi-cylinder experiment method超声波焊ultrasonic welding (UW)超声波点焊ultrasonic spot welding超声波缝焊ultrasonic seam welding超声波点焊机ultrasonic spot welder超声波缝焊机ultrasonic seam welder冷压焊cold pressure welding (CPW)热压焊 hot pressure welding旋弧压力焊rotating arc pressure welding埋弧压力焊submerged arc pressure welding 电渣压力焊electroslag pressure welding 气压焊 gas pressure welding锻焊forge-welding/ blacksmith welding 磁力脉冲焊magnetic-pulse welding硬钎焊brazing软钎焊soldering烙铁钎焊 iron soldering火焰钎焊torch brazing/ torch soldering 热风钎焊hot gas soldering感应钎焊induction brazing电阻钎焊resistance brazing接触反应钎焊contact-reaction brazing 电弧钎焊arc brazing浸渍钎焊dip brazing/ dip soldering盐浴钎焊saltbath dip brazing (soldering)金属浴钎焊 molten metal bath dip brazing炉中钎焊furnace brazing/ furnace soldering保护气氛钎焊brazing in controlled atmosphere真空钎焊vacuum brazing蒸气钎焊 vapor phase soldering超声波钎焊ultrasonic soldering扩散钎焊diffusion brazing波峰钎焊flow soldering/ wave soldering 分级钎焊step brazing/ step soldering 不等间隙钎焊brazing with the unparalleled clearance红外线钎焊infra-red brazing (soldering)光束钎焊light soldering (brazing)激光钎焊laser brazing (soldering)电子束钎焊electron beam brazing钎接焊braze-welding钎料brazing filler metal/ solder硬钎料brazing filler metal软钎料 solder (m)非晶态钎料amorphous filler metal粉状钎料powdered filler metal药皮钎料 flux coatedbrazing(soldering)rod层状钎料 sandwich filler metal药芯钎料丝 flux-cored colder wire敷钎料板 clad brazing sheet钎剂 brazing flux; soldering flux气体钎剂 gas flux反应钎剂 reaction flux松香钎剂 colophony flux; rosin flux钎剂膏 flux paste阻流剂stopping-off agent 钎剂活性 flux activity钎剂活性温度范围 activation temperature range of flux钎剂热稳定性thermal stability of flux 钎焊过程 brazing (soldering) process 钎焊操作 brazing (soldering) operation 工艺镀层 technological coating钎焊面 faying face钎缝间缝 joint gap; joint clearance钎焊参数 brazing process variables钎焊温度 brazing temperature钎焊时间 brazing time钎焊保温时间 holding time of brazing 钎缝 brazing seam; soldering seam钎缝界面区 interfacial region钎缝金属 brace metal钎角 fillet扩口套管接头 spigot joint钎焊性 brazability; solderability润湿性 wettability润湿角 wetting angle; contact angle铺展性 spreadability钎着率 brazed rate脱钎 de-brazing; de-soldering润湿称量试验 wetting balance test铺展性试验 spreadability test填缝性试验 clearance fillability test 未钎透 incomplete penetration虚钎 cold soldered joint钎料熔析 liquation of filler metal溶蚀 erosion钎料流失 brazing filler metal erosion 钎焊盒 brazing retort钎剂涂敷器 fluxer钎炬 brazing (soldering) blowpipe喷灯 brazing lamp烙铁 solder iron热喷涂 thermal spraying火焰喷涂 flame spraying电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying等离子喷涂 plasma spraying沉积效率 deposition efficiency孔隙率 porosity喷涂材料 spraying material氧溶剂切割 powder cutting氧-石英砂切割 quartz powder cutting 电弧切割 arc cutting氧气电弧切割 oxy-arc cutting空气电弧切割 air arc cutting水蒸气保护电弧焊 water vapour arc welding原子氢焊 atomic hydrogen welding 等离子流 plasma jet转移弧 transferred arc非转移弧 nontransferred arc联合型等离子弧 combined plasma arc主弧 main arc维弧 pilot arc维弧电流 pilot arc surrent双弧现象 double arcing压缩喷嘴 constricting nozzle单孔喷嘴 single port nozzle多孔喷嘴 multiport nozzle压缩喷嘴孔径 orifice diameter孔道长度 orifice throat length孔道比 orifice throat ratio等离子气 plasma gas; orifice gas电极内缩长度 electrode setback小孔效应 keyhole effect小孔型等离子弧焊 keyhole-mode welding 熔透型等离子弧焊 fusion type plasma arc welding大电流等离子弧焊 high-current plasma arc welding中电流等离子弧焊 intermediate-current plasma arc welding小电流等离子弧焊 low-current plasma arc welding微束等离子弧焊 micro-plasma arc welding交流等离子弧焊 AC plasma arc welding 脉冲等离子弧焊 pulsed plasma arc welding等离子弧堆焊plasma arc surfacing热丝等离子弧堆焊 hot wire plasma arc surfacing粉末等离子弧堆焊 plasma arc powder surfacing等离子-熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊plasma MIG welding转移弧电源 transferred arc power supply 非转移弧电源 nontransferred arc power supply电弧焊设备 arc welding equipment电弧焊机 arc welding machine直流弧焊机 DC arc welding machine交流弧焊机 AC arc welding machine交直流两用弧焊机 AC/DC arc welding machine单站弧焊机 single operator arc welding machine多站弧焊机 multi-operator arc welding set固定式弧焊机 stationary arc welding machine移动式弧焊机 portable arc welding machine台式弧焊机 bench arc welding machine内燃机驱动式弧焊机 combustion engine driven arc welding set电动机驱动式弧焊机 motor driven arc welding set脉冲弧焊机 pulsed arc welding machine 气体保护弧焊机 gas shielded arc welding machine氩弧焊机 argon arc welding machine二氧化碳弧焊机 CO2 arc welding machine 钨极惰性气体保护弧焊机 tungsteninert-gas welding machine熔化仍惰性气体保护弧焊机 metalinert-gas welding machine气电立焊机 electrogas (arc) welding machine等离子弧焊机 plasma arc welding machine 微束等离子弧焊机 micro-plasma welding equipment原子氢焊机 atomic hydrogen welding apparatus埋弧焊机 submerged arc welding machine 弧焊电源 arc welding power source直流弧焊电源 DC arc welding power source交流弧焊电源 AC arc welding power source交直流两用弧焊电源 AC/DC arc welding power source脉冲弧焊电源 pulsed arc welding power source平特性弧焊电源 constant –voltage arc welding power source垂降特性弧焊电源 constant-current arc welding power source多特性弧焊电源 slope-controlled arc welding power source逆变式焊接电源 inverter welding power source晶体管弧焊电源 transistor arc welding power source电源动特性 dynamic characteristic电源外特性 external characteristic弧焊变压器 arc welding transformer弧焊整流器 arc welding rectifier硅弧焊整流器 silicon arc welding rectifier脉冲弧焊整流器 pulsed arc welding rectifier 弧焊发电机 arc welding generator焊车 welding tractor焊接机头 welding head行走机构 traveller送丝机构 wire feeder等速送丝方式 constant wire-feed system 变速送丝方式 alternate wire-feed system跟踪装置 tracer焊丝盘 wire reel焊钳electrode holder焊枪 welding gun电极夹 electrode holder导电嘴 tip; contact tube喷嘴 nozzle焊剂漏斗 flux-hopper高频振荡器 oscillator; HF unit脉冲引弧器 pulsed arc starter; surge injector脉冲稳弧器 pulsed arc stabilizer脉冲激弧器 pulsed arc exciter输出电抗器 out put reactor镇定变阻器 ballast rheostat直流分量抑制器 direct current suppressor焊接回路 welding circuit额定焊接电流 rated welding current焊接电流调节范围 range of welding current regulation空载电压 open circuit voltage(no load voltage)约定负载电压 conventional load voltage 负载持续率 duty cycle额定负载持续率 rated duty cycle; standard service手工弧焊机 manual arc welding machine 电焊渣 electroslag welding (ESW)手工电渣焊 manual electroslag welding 丝极电渣焊 electroslag welding with wire electrode板极电渣焊 electroslag welding with plate electrode熔嘴电渣焊 electroslag welding with consumable nozzle管极电渣焊 electroslag welding with tube electrode窄间隙电渣焊 narrow-gap electroslag welding电渣堆焊 electroslag surfacing熔嘴 consumable nozzle; consumable wire 钢冷却板 Cu-cooling plate铜滑板copper shoe 渣池slag bath渣池深度depth of slag bath渣池电压voltage of slag bath电渣过程稳定性electroslag process stability焊丝间距distance between welding wires 电子束焊electron beam welding (EBW)脉冲电子束焊pulsed electron beam welding加速电压acceleration voltage/ operating voltage电子束电流beam current电子束功率 beam power电子束功率密度beam power density焦点focal spot焦距focal length工作距离work distance电子束焊机electron beam welding machine高真空电子束焊机full vacuum electron beam welder低真空电子束焊机partial vacuum electron beam welder非真空电子束焊机nonvacuum electron beam welder真空度vacuum电子枪 electron gun二极电子枪diode gun三极电子枪triode gun偏压电极bias electrode电磁透镜electromagnetic lens电子束偏转线圈electron beam deflection coils导流系数perveance钉尖spiking激光焊laser welding/ laser beam welding 连续激光焊continuous laser welding脉冲激光焊impulsed laser welding激光焊机laser welding equipment气体激光器gas laser固体激光器solid laser焦斑直径focussed diameter of the beam 焊缝深宽比weld seam depth-to-width ratio气焊gas welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene welding氢氧焊 oxy-hydrogen welding空气乙炔焊 air-acetylene welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene flame氢氧焰 oxy-hydrogen flame氧煤气焰 oxy-coal gas flame焊接火焰 welding flame 混合比 mixing ratio混合气体可燃范围inflammable limit of the gaseous一次燃烧 primary combustion二次燃烧 secondary combustion燃烧速度 combustion rate燃烧强度 combustion intensity火焰热效率 flame heating efficiency焰芯 inner cone; flame cone内焰 internal flame外焰 flame envelope中性焰 neutral flame氧化焰 oxidizing flame碳化焰 carburizing flame还原区 reducing zone火焰稳定性 flame stability回火 flashback逆火 backfire回烧 flashback气体发生速度 gasification speed焊炬 torch; blow pipe等压式焊炬 balanced pressure torch射吸式焊炬 injector torch氧乙炔焊炬 oxy-acetylene torch焊割两用炬 combined cutting and welding torch混合室 mixing chamber喷射器 injector焊嘴 welding nozzle; welding tip液氧气化器 oxygen evaporator气瓶 gas cylinder乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder阀罩 cylinder cap气瓶阀 cylinder valve汇流排 cylinder manifold减压器 pressure regulator; gas regulator单级减压器 single stage regulator两级减压器 two stage regulator回火防止器 flashback arrestor干式回火防止器 dry flashback arrestor 水封式回火防止器 water-closing type arrestor净化器 purifier乙炔发生器 acetylene generator低压乙炔发生器 low pressure acetylene generator热剂焊 thermit welding (TW)热剂补焊 thermit repair welding钢轨热剂焊 thermit rail welding热剂 thermit powder热剂钢水 thermit steel 热剂反应 thermit reaction热剂溶渣 thermit slag热剂铸模 thermit mold; mold for thermit weld热剂坩埚 thermit crucible焊筋 collar水下焊 underwater welding水下气体保护电弧焊 underwater gas shielded arc welding水下等离子弧焊 underwater plasma arc welding温式水下焊 wet method underwater welding干式水下焊 dry method underwater welding局部干式水下焊 local dry underwater welding水帘局部干式水下焊 water curtain type dry underwater welding遥控水下焊 remote controlled underwater welding电弧空腔 arc bubble电阻焊 resistance welding (RW)点焊 spot welding; resistance spot welding凸焊 projection welding缝焊 seam welding滚点焊 roll-spot welding连续点焊 stitch welding多点焊 multiple spot welding手压点焊 push welding; poke welding 双面点焊 direct spot welding单面点焊 indirect spot welding串联点焊 series spot welding多点凸焊multiple projection welding频道进缝焊 step-by-step seam welding 压平缝焊 mash seam welding串联缝焊 series seam welding对接缝焊 butt seam welding; foil-butt seam电阻对焊 upset butt welding闪光对焊 flash butt welding (FBW)储能焊 stored energy welding电容储能点焊 condenser discharge spot welding高频电阻焊 high frequency resistance welding冲击电阻焊 percussion welding胶接点焊 spot weld-bonding;weld-bonding闪光 flashing; flash过梁 bridge; lintel 顶锻 upsetting; upset夹紧力 clamping force顶锻力 upsetting force; upset force 电极压力 electrode force; electrode pressure电极滑移 electrode skid焊接循环 welding cycle预压时间 squeeze time锻压时间 forge-delay time; forge time 焊接通电时间（电阻焊）welding time (resistance welding)预热时间 preheat time加热时间 heat time冷却时间 cool time间歇时间 quench time; chill time回火时间 temper time维持时间 hold time休止时间 off time闪光时间flash time; flashing time顶锻时间 upset time; upsetting time 有电顶锻时间 upset current time无电顶锻时间 upset current-off time 闪光速度 flashing speed闪光电流 flashing current; flash current顶锻电流 upset current。

焊工初级模拟习题（附参考答案）一、单选题（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1.焊接接头其实是指( )。

A、焊缝和热影响区B、焊缝、熔合区和热影响区C、焊缝和熔合区D、焊缝正确答案：B2.一般手弧焊机的负载持续率为（）A、50％左右B、60％左右C、1D、0.8正确答案：B3.大致判断某钢种的可焊性，可将该种钢所含的各（）元素含量折算成碳当量，然后再根据碳当量的计算值判断钢的可焊性。

A、合金B、非金属C、微量正确答案：A4.手弧、埋弧、钨极氩弧焊应该采用具有（）外特性曲线的电源A、缓降B、水平C、上升D、陡降正确答案：D5.结构材料是以（）为主要性能的材料。

A、力学性能B、物理性能C、焊接性能D、化学性能正确答案：A6.淬火的目的是把奥氏体化的钢件淬成( )。

A、莱氏体B、渗碳体C、铁素体D、马氏体正确答案：D7.一般手工电弧焊的焊接电弧中温度最高的是( )。

A、无法确定B、弧柱区C、阳极区D、阴极区正确答案：B8.焊接是采用( )方法，使焊件达到原子结合的一种加工方法。

A、加热或加压，或两者并用B、加热C、加热或加压或两者并用D、加压正确答案：A9.焊接低合金钢厚板结构时，容易出现的缺陷是( )。

A、气孔B、冷裂纹C、未焊透D、热裂纹正确答案：B10.钢材抵抗介质浸蚀的能力称为（）A、焊接性B、抗氧化性C、耐腐蚀性D、长期组织稳定性正确答案：C11.下列钢中，属于奥氏体不锈钢的是( )。

A、0Crl3B、1Crl3C、06Cr19Ni10D、15MnVR正确答案：C12.可燃物，助燃物和（）是产生燃烧的三个必备条件。

A、乙炔气B、氯酸钾C、着火源正确答案：C13.不允许使用交流焊接电源的焊条是( )。

A、E4303B、E4301C、E5016D、E4315正确答案：D14.16MnR焊接一般选用（）焊条A、J507B、R307C、J427D、A102正确答案：A15.焊接坡口中的钝边是为了防止（）A、未焊透B、产生气孔C、烧穿D、磁偏吹正确答案：C16.根据线能量与电流、电压和焊接速度的关系可知，当焊接电流、焊接电压增大、和焊接速度减小时，线能量（）。

焊接专家系统设计及应用摘要：论述了焊接专家系统的基本原理和结构，着重介绍了开发焊接专家系统的技术，以及焊接专家系统在实际生产中的应用。

关键词：焊接专家系统轧辊堆焊管道焊接专家系统是人工智能的一个重要分支，与模式识别和智能机器人成为人工智能领域中最活跃的两个分支。

专家系统技术包括专门的专家系统语言、程序和为了辅助专家系统开发与执行而设计的硬件。

随着计算机硬件和软件的发展及其价格的迅速下降，个人计算机(PC)在企业中的应用范围迅速扩大，计算机软件技术在复杂程度和功能上取得了较大的进步。

人工智能(AI)中的专家系统技术，由于其发展迅速和易于使用并能够在PC机上运行，目前已在企业和研究领域获得了广泛应用。

焊接领域中，由于焊接知识显著的复杂性、经验件，焊接被认为是最适合于开发专家系统的领域之一。

焊接专家系统研究虽然起步较晚，但仍获得了较大发展，经过国内外焊接工作者多年的探索和努力，目前的焊接专家系统已涉及工艺制定、缺陷分析和材料没备选择等方面。

1 焊接专家系统的设计1.1基本构成焊接专家系统与一般常规计算机程序相比较，有以下几个特点：(1)能将焊接知识的使用与焊接知识本身相分离；(2)焊接知识被符号化表示，系统能够符号化推理；(3)可以解释其推理过程；(4)必须像人类专家一样工作。

焊接专家系统包括三种主要环境：知识系统、开发环境和操作环境。

知识系统是指包含所有焊接专家知识并能灵活运用的系统；开发环境包括开发专家系统所需的必要软件工具；操作环境是与外部进行交流的软件和硬件。

其中焊接知识系统是焊接专家系统的核心，它由知识库、推理机和用户界面五个主要部分组成。

知识库贮存的是符号化的焊接专家的经验和知识。

知识可以分为事实性和概念性两大类。

事实性知识表示知识领域中可观测到的事件，它主要以直接表述的形式贮存；概念性知识较事实性知识更为抽象，它在知识库中是以分散的方式贮存，通常不可观察到，只可总结得到。

推理机是指用以从知识库中选择相关知识，并恰当运用以解决问题的计算机程序，它是专家系统T程能够运转的关键所在。